Giao Trinh Thuc Hanh Dien Tu Cong Suat

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Tp.HCM

Giao trnh thc hanh ien t cong suat 1

BAI 1 :M AU VE IEN T CONG SUAT A ien t cong suat Cac thiet b ien t cong suat cho phep , ieu khien va chuyen oi cac tn hieu ien t cong suat nho thanh cong suat ln e ieu khien cho cac thiet b chap hanh nh may ien , cac thiet bi cong nghe Cac ap dung chu yeu cua ien t cong suat gom : 1. S o chnh lu cong suat ,thc hien phep bien oi dong ien xoay chieu

(AC)thanh dong ien 1 chieu (DC). ng dung chu yeu cua s o nay la ieu khien cac ong c DC bang nguon ien li xoay chieu.

2. S o nghch lu , thc hien phep bien oi dong ien 1 chieu thanh xoay chieu, x dung trong caca s on cong suat.

3. S o bien oi ien ap mot chieu, s dung trong cac s o ieu khien cong suat.

4. S o bien oi ien ap xoay chieu vi ng dung chnh la ieu khien toc o ong c AC

5. S o bien tan , thc hien bien oi ca ve tan sova ien ap xoay chieu, x dung chnh e ieu khien chnh xac toc o ong c AC

B Cac linh kien cong suat Cac linh kien cong suat chu yeu c s dung hien nay la diode cong suat , thyristor, triac, transistor MOS cong suat. I. L THUYET 1. Diode cong suat Diode ban dan c cau tao tren lp tiep xuc ban dan khac loai (hnh 1a), tjn la ban dan loai P loai N. Tren hnh 1b la ky hien quy c cho diode va hnh 1c hnh dang diode cong suat.

Do hieu ng khuyet tan cac phan t tai ien c ban gia hai mien , ta lp tiep xuc (phan truyen) se hnh thanh ien the tiep xuc ,tao ra ien trng Eco tac dung ngan nga s khuyet tan tiep tuc lam cac phan t tai ien t c ban. Ket qua , trang thaican bang , ranh gii tiep xuc tao ra mien ngheocac phan t tai ien.

Khi at vao diode mot ien trng ngoai (U) , trang thai can bang b pha v. Neu noi ien the ngoai theo chieu dng + vi K va vi A cua diode, se tao ra ien trng ngoai cung chieu vi ien the tiep xuc, ien trng tong cong se lam tang rao the lam m rong mien ngheo cua lp tiep xuc khong cho phep cac phan t



tai ien chuyen quaphan truyen va dong qua phan truyen ch la dong do (dong ngc)

I. Noi ien the ngoai theo chieu + vi A va vi K cua diode , ien trng ngoai se ngc chieu vi trng cua ien tiep xuc, ien trng tong aong se lam giamhang rao the,cho phep cac phan t tai ien chuyen quaphan chuyen va tao thanh dong cua diode .tren hnh 1b mo ta ng ac trng Volt-Amperecua diode tng ng vi qua trnh mo ta tren . ung vi nhanh phan cc ngc , dong do la khong ang ke song phu thuoc manh vao nhiet o

Diode cong suat lam viec dong thuan ln v vay oi hoi che o giai nhiet

thch hp. Thong thng cathode cua diode c gan vao vo sat co oc e gan trc tiep vao mieng toa nhiet.

Cac diode cong suat s dung cho cac thiet b cong nghiepthng oi hoi ien ap ngc cc ait vai tram en vai ngan Volt . Dong en nh mc(dong thuan) t vai en vai ngan ampere 2. Thyristor (SCR)

Thyristor (ten ghep t thyratron va transistor)c cau tao t bon lp ban dan p-n-p-n (hnh 2a), co cac ien cc ra Anode (A), cathode (K) va ien cc khien (G)ky hieu quy c cho tren hnh 1b va hnh dang ben ngoai hnh 2c

Thyristor co 3 lp tiep xuc J1,J2,J3 vi cac ien trng noi(gay ra bi hieu

ng tep xuc gia hai lp ban dan)E1,E2,E3 co chieu nh tren hnh 2a. khi noi anode vi cc (+) va cathode vi cc (-) cua nguon mot chieu , J1 va J3 c phan cc thuan va J2 phan cc ngc. Ket qua gan nh toan bo ien the nguon at len lp tiep xuc J2

Neu tac ong vao cc G mot ien the dng so vi K, se lam cho cac phan t taiien c ban cua N2 (ien t ) chay sang P2. mot phan ien t chay vao cc G (tao thanh dong ieu khien ), a so con lai chu lc hutcua ien trng tong hp tren J2 va chuyen ong qua J2. nhan nang lng u ln cua ien trng tong cong, cac ien t se b ion hoa cac nguyen t ban dan, tao ra cac ien t mi(th cap). Cac ien t th cap lai nhan nang lngva gay ion hoa tiep theo. Ket qua la tao ra mot thac lu ien t trong lp tiep xuc J2 chay vao N1, sau o qua P1 ti cc A tao thanh dong qua thyristor. Thyristor lam viec trong che o nay la che o m, co ien



tr thuannho va dong dan ln nhat. Khi thyristor a m, tn hieu ieu khien tr nen mat tac dung.

Trong trng hp khong co tn hieu ieu khien cc G hien tng thac lu nh tren cung co the xay ra khi tang ien the U at len thyristor. Khi ien the U u ln(U>U moi) cac ien t nhan u nang lnge gay nen hien tng ion hoa do va cham, lam m thyristor trong trng hp nay hoat ong cua thyristor gan giong hoat ong cuaen neon.

e a thyristor ve trang thai cam(khoa), can tien hanh theo hai cach nh sau: - Giam dong dan I xuong gia trduy tr dan. - ao chieu ien the phan ap U hoac tao ien the phan cc ngc cho thyristor.

Khi at ien ap ngc len thyristor ang dan (A noi + K noi -), hai lp tiep xuc J1vaJ3 b phan cc ngc , J2 c phan cc thuan. Cac ien t ang hien dien trong thyristors se ao chieu hanh trnh, tao dong ien ngc t Ave Kva ve cc cua nguon. Tai thi iem t m sang cam, dong ngc nay kha lnsau o khi J1 vaJ3 b cam, cac ien t gia chung se dan b tieu tan, cau truc phan truyen cua thyristor c khoi phuc lai , thyristor chuyen sang trang thai cam vi dong nho. Qua trnh thay oi dong thyristor t m sang cam c mo ta tren hnh 3a. sau khi thyristorcam, viec ao cc lai the U(U



- Thi gian khoa :vai chuc s - Thi gian m : vai chuc s * Qua trnh chuyen t m sang camkhong xay ra tc thi. Neu thyristor cha cam han ma xac lap the U e UA-k dng, se lam oan mach nguon lam hong thyristor. * Khi at vao thyristor ien the xoay chieu, thyristor ch lam viec vi ban ky dng ma khong lam viec vi ban ky am cua ien the nuoi. ban ky am, thyristor t ong chuyenve che o camdo s dao cc cua ien the nuoi 3. Triac (Triode Alternative Current)

Nh a trnh bay tren, thyristor la dung cu ch m khi phan ap UA-K dng. Neu nh mac hai thyristor ngc chieu nhau, co the ieu khien m hai chieu , co the ieu khien chung m tng ng vi ca chieu the phan cc am dng. Trong trng hp nay can co hai tn hieu ieu khien ong bo vi nhau. Triac la dung cu tng ng vo8 hai thyristor mac ngc nhau co chung mot cc ieu khien

Do lam viec vi ca nguon phan cc am va dng, khai niem cua Anode va Cathode cua triac khong phu hp. c quy c s dung ky hieu T2 (hoac B2) va T1 (B1)cho cac cc oi rava cac cc ieu khien G gan T1.

Cau truc ban dan cua triac co the mo ta bang hai cau truc cha bon lp tiep

xuc ban dan Ta va Tb (hnh 4a). trong trng hp noi T2 vi nguon(+) va T1 vi (-), G vi (+), na Ta cua triac lam viec nh mot thyristor thong thng. Neu phan cc nguon ngc lai, ien t N3 se phong vao P2, gay ra qua trnh thac lu do va cham lam dan Tb. Trong thc te, triac c thiet ke vi cau truc lien ket vi cac lp chat ban dan N1, P1, N2, P2 la chung cho ca hai na. Ky hieu quy c cua triac cho tren hnh 4b

ac trng Volt Ampere cua triac (hinh5) co tnh oi xng. Nhanh cung phan t th nhat tng ng vi T2 noi (+) vaT1 noi(-). nhanh cung phan t th ba, ac trng tng ng vi s ao chieu ien the tren T1 va T2

Khac vi thyristor, triac co the lam viec vi ien the ieu khien amva khong

ao trang thai khi ao cc nguon the nuoi.

4. Transistor MOS cong suat



Transistor trng (FET : Field Effect transistor) c che tao theo cong nghe MOS(Metal- Oxide-semiconductor)la mot dung cu chuyen mach ien tco cong suat ln .

Cau truc transistor MOS cac cc chnh : Drain (mang) Source (nguon) va Gate (ca). Khac vi transistor lng cc thong thng. Khi ien ap gia Ca va Nguon = 0, transistor MOS khong dan dong - b cam cho du the gia mang va cc nguon at ti vai tram Volt II. THC HANH:

1. Khao sat diode: Phan cc thuan cho diode bang nguon DC : _ o ien ap tren tai . _ o sut ap tren diode

C ac iem s dung transistor lng cc, thyristor va transistor MOS Do cac ien ap chu ien the cao , dong ln , cac ac tnh cach ien cao khi

ngat va ien tr dan nho be , kha nang chuyen mach nhanh ,de ghep vi s o ien t , cac linh kien cong suat c ng dung rong rai thay cho cac chuyen mach tiep iem.

Viec la chon linh kien loai nao cho ng dung cu the phu thuoc vao cac tr so gii han , cac ton hao ,thi gian chuyen mach, gia thanh

Thyristor co tr so gii han cao nhat, ton hao nho nhat re tien, song co thi gian chuyen mach chamv vay thch hp cho cac s o bien oi ien li(50Hz 60 Hz) nh cac bo phan chinh lu , bien tan nghch lu tan so thap

oi vi s o nghch lu tan so cao(>15kHz) s dung transistor CMOS thch hp hn. dai tan 20-100kHz, transistor cong suat lng cc c s dung v cac ac tnh tac ong nhanh , tuy ton hao ieu khien ton hn transistor CMOS

Ve che o nhiet, cac transistor cong suat co the chu ti 2000C, trong khi thyristor1250C

Trong khi cac mach cong suat hay co s co , thyristor co tnh bao ve chong lai s co nen thng c chon s dung.

Triac thng co cong suat nho hn so vi thyristor nenkha nang s dung cua chung b gii han.

D Cac s o kch thyristor va triac



Thyristor va triac co the c kch bang nguon 1 chieu nh a khao sat trong muc C. can lu y khac vi thyristor , triac c kch dan ca the am hoac dng , vi ien the nuoi la am dng bat ky

Thi gian kch e chuyen trang thai thrristor va triac la khong ln , sau khi c kch dan tn hieu ieu khien b mat tac dung. Chnh v vay co the ieu khiencac linh kien nay bang xung co bien o va thi gian keo dai tng ng vi tng loai s dung.

Mot ac iem ng dung quan trong cua ien t cong suat la qua trnh kch dan thyristor ong bo vi ien li cap. Nh vay co the thay oi ien the xoay chieu hoac bien oi chung theo nhu cau s dung.

Tren hnh 6 gii thieu mot so kieu s o ieu khien ong bo pha cho thyristorva tren hnh 7gian o thi gian hoat ong tng ng

Tn hieu xoay chieu cap cho loi vao Acua s o hnh 6 la ong pha vi tn hieu xoay chieu cap cho tai Rt mac tren thyristor. S o se khuyet ai tn hieu sin loi vao thanh xung vuong goc co o rong tng ng , s dung e ong khoa K1, cho phep dong I1 nap cho tu C2. tng ng vi tn hieu dng cua tn hieu vao, tren tu C2 se co xung dang rang ca.bo so sanh A1 thc hien the so sanh the rang cavi the at Vp. Khi the rang ca ln hn the at, bo so sanh tao xung dng loi ra , s dung e ieu khien thyristor SCR1.

Nh vay khi thay oi Vp, se lam dich thi iem m SCR. Gia tr Vp c quy c tng ng vi gia tr ai lng goc cat .

Gia tr = 0 (tng ng vi Vp = 0), thyristor m toan bo 100%theo moi ban ky dng.

Vi = 450, thyristor m 75%, ban ky dng tren tai b lay i 25% Vi = 900, thyristor m 50%, ban ky dng tren tai b lay i 50% Vi =1350,thyristor m 25%,ban ky dng tren tai b lay i 75% Ket qua la vi viec thay oi goc cat, co the ieu khien m SCRtng ng vi

gia tr pha ien li , lam thay oi tng ng ien the AC tren tai. Trong phan thc hanh cac s o ng dungthyristor va triac e chnh lu va

bien oi ien the AC Hoc vien co the tham khao them cac tai lieu ve ien t cong suat : 1. Cyrit W.lander : ien t cong suat va ieu khien ong c ien. Nha xuat ban KH&KT, 11.07.1997 2. Nguyen bnh : ien t cong suat. Nha xuat ban KH&KT, 10.1997



BAI 2 :THYRISTOR, TRIAC & S O KCH

A. THIET B S DUNG. 1. Thiet b cho thc tap cho ien t cong suat PE-501(hnh A.1)cha cac bang chc nang: - Bang nguon, cau dao t ong 220VAC , cau ch (~ 24V), en bao nguon , ong ho o dong(~30A), cac loi ra cho nguon ~24VAC/20A, tai (bong en 24V/1A), tai cam (bien the ~24VAC: 24VAC/10A) - Bang cong suat , cha diode D1(10A),D2(50A),Thyristor SCR1(5A),SCR2(20A), Triac TR1(5A), TR2(20A). - Bang 1 cha 1 bo lien ket quang, nguon kch 1 chieu va bo lien ket bien the. - Bang 2 cha may phat xung UJT, may phat a hai may phat 555. - Bang 3 cha bo ieu khien tao xung ong bo. 2. Dao ong ky 2 tia. 3. Dhu tung day co chot cam 2 au. B. CAC BAI THC TAP. PHAN I: CAC NGUON KCH THCH SCR & TRIAC. 1. Nguon kch DC. Nhiem vu Bien tr la s o n gian cap nguon mot chieu ieu chnh c (hnh I.1). tuy nhien, ay la mot nguon co tr khang loi ra bien oi theo ien the ra. e tao nguon loi ra on nh cao va co tr khang ra nho va khong oi,dung e kch thyristor, triac cac loai, can s dung bo khuech ai thuat toan vi s o phan hoi am (hnh I.b). S o vi phan hoi am 100% gia loi ra (Emitter T1)vi loi vao am cua bo khuech ai thuat toan IC1 cho phep truyen the t bien tr P1 ti loi ra cua s o. Khi van bien tr P1,the ra cung thay oi tng ng theo. Tr khang loi ra cua s o la tr khang cua tang Dralington tren T1 kha nho. Trong phan thc hien nayse tm hieu hoat ong cua bo nguon on nh co cha bo khuyech ai thuat toan.



C20.22

R4330

P1

R410K

-12V

R13K3

10K

R23K3-V

D768

+12V

+V

-12V

+12V

-12V

OUT

-

+

741

3

21

a) S o n gian b) S o nguon on nh Hnh I.I nguon kch mot chieu Cac bc thc hien 1. Cap nguon 12V mang s o nguon kch mot chieu (hnhI.1b). at a c noi san. 2. S dung ong ho hoac dao ong kye o the loi ra. Dung ong ho o the (khoang o DC 20V)e o the tai P1 va the loi ra 3. Van bien tr P1, o the at P1 va the loi ra (OUT), ghi vao gia tr the o vao bang I.1 The ra P1

-4V -3V -2V -1V 0V 1V 2V 3V 4V

The loi ra

4. Nhan set ve s phu thuoc gia the ra va the at tren P1. Tnh o lech gia chung II. S o dao ong a hai. Tm hieu nguyen tac lam viec cua bo dao ong a hai oi sng dung transistor. Cac bc thc hien. 1. Cap nguon +12Vcho mang s o may phat a hai(hinhI.2). noi at bang 1 va 2 thiet b PE 501 2. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 5V/cm.

at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong

ky. S dungcac nut chnh v tr e nh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X va Yve v tr

de quan sat.



Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi collector cua transistor T2 (loi ra). S dung kenh 2 e quan sat dang tn hieu tai cac ien s o.

4. Quan sat va ve dang tn hieu tai collector va base cua T1 vaT2. Ve gian o xung tng ng. o chu k T xung ra, tnh tan so may phat : f=1/T(giay).

C1

10uF

R4100K

C2

10uF

+12V

T1C828

R3100K

T2C828

R11K5

R21K5

Hnh I.2. Bo doa ong a hai 5. Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o. Ket luan ve vai tro cua mach CR

trong viec hnh thanh o rong xung ra. III. S o xung tren IC 555 Nhien vu Tm hieu nguyen tac s dung vi mach 555 e hnh thanh xung vuong goc. Cac bc thc hien 1. Cap nguon +12Vcho mang s o may phat xung 555(hnhI.3). Noi at bang 1 va bang 2 thiet b PE -501.

OUT

2

R12K2

C10.22

6

C20.1

P150K

3

8

12V

IC

4

R7

2K2LM555

1

7

5

2. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong k 5V/cm.

at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua dao ong

k. S dung cac nut chnh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X va Yve vi tr de quan sat. Noi mot kenh ra vi loi ra OUTPUT. S dung 2 kenh dao ong ky e quan sat

tn hieu tai hai iem s o



3. Van bien tr P1 v tr cc tieu . o bien o tn hieu ra , thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, chu ky xung T ,tan so may phat f=1/T, ve dang tn hieu tai TP1 va loi ra OUT(IC1/3). 4. Van bien tr P1 v tr cc ai. o bien o tn hieu ra , thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, chu ky xung T ,tan so may phat f=1/T, ve dang tn hieu tai TP1 va loi ra OUT. Xac nh khoang tan so lam viec cua may phat. 5. Ve gian o hnh thanh cua trong o co bieu dien :

-Dang tn hieu tai TP1. -Dang xung loi ra OUT, tng ng vi xung tai TP1.

III. S o may phat UJT Nhiem vu Tm hieu nguyen tac lam viec va ac trng cua bo dao ong s dung UJT. Cac bc thc hien Che o phat xung khong ong bo 1. Cap nguon +12V cho mang s o may phat xung a hai(hnnhon). Noi at bang 1 va 2 thiet bPE-501.

P150K

R3

470

UJT

24VAC

R1

1K

R4

330

Z12V

C1022

OUT

24VACR24K7

Hnh I.4. S o phat xung tren UJT 2. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 5V/cm.

at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 1ms/cm. Chnh cho hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky .S dung cac nut chnh v tr e nh tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr de quan sat . Noi kenh 1cua dao ong ky vi ra OUTPUT.

3. Quan sat tn hieu ra va tn hieu tren TP1 . Ve lai dang tn hieu . thay oi bien tr P1, quan sat s thay oi chu ky xung ra 4. Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua s trong che o khong ong bo. Che o khong ong bo



1. ngat day nguon cap +12VDC. Cap nguon xoay chieu ~24VACcho mang s o may phat UJT. Khi o the tai chot +12VDCla the cua bo chnh lu cau BR1. 2. S dung dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu tai cac v tr +12VDC, loi ra (OUTPUT) va tn hieu tren TP1.Ve lai dang tn hieu va gian o xung tng ng vi tn hieu tai chot +12VDC.Thay oi bien tr P1, quan sat s thay oi v tr xung ng vi ban ky dng cua ien li. 3. Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua s trong che o ong bo. PHAN II:S O LIEN KET Nhiem vu Tm hireu hoat ong cua s o lien ket cach ly , s dung trong cac bo kch SCR va triac Cac bc thc hien II.1.S o lien ket quang (Optocouler) 1. Cap nguon +12V cho mang s olien ket quang . Noi at a c noi san vi

chot OUT 2. 2. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 5V/cm.

at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 1ms/cm. Chnh cho hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky .S dung cac nut chnh v tr e nh tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr de quan sat .

D14148

OUT1

COMM1

R2100K

+12V

OPTO-COUPLER4N38

12

34

OUT1S IN

Hnh II.1. S o lien ket quang 3. Noi vao s o lien ket quang (S.INPUT1va COMM1)vi nguon 24 VAC. 4. S dung dao ong ky e quan sat loi vao va ra (OUTPUT). Ve gian o xung

vao va xung ra. Chu y :Do loi vao va ra co at cach ly , v vay dung mot kenh cua dao ong ky e quan sat lan lt tn hieu va ra theo at tng ng II.2. S o lien bien the 1. Cap nguon +12V cho mang s olien ket vi bien the xung ,s o phat xung

a hai va 555 . Noi at hai bang 1-2 a noi san vi at nguon .



IN2

TR1

1

2

3

45

6

A

B

B

R2 10K T2

C828

OUT1

OUT2T1D768

C1 100p

IN1

C1 100p

R1 10K

A

D14148

D2

4148

R41K

D3 4148

R31K

Hnh II.2 S o lien ket bien the 2. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 5V/cm.

at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 1ms/cm. Chnh cho hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky .S dung cac nut chnh v tr e nh tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr de quan sat . 3. Noi vao INPUT1 vi s o phat xung 555. Noi vao INPUT2 vi s o a hai. 4. quan sat tn hieu loi vao va ra (OUTPUT1,2/A-B). Ve gian o xung vaop

va xung ra. Chu y :Do loi vao va ra co at cach ly , v vay dung mot kenh cua dao ong ky e quan sat lan lt tn hieu va ra theo at tng ng PHAN III:KHAO SAT AC TNH CUA DIODE , SCR & TRIAC Khao sat diode cong suat 1. Noi nguon +12V qua tai bong en va diode D1 nh hnh III.1a e mac phan cc ngc cho diode . o sut the tren diode va dong qua diode . 2. Noi nguon +12V qua tai bong en va diode D1 nh hnh III.1b e mac phan cc thuat cho diode . o sut the tren diode va dong qua diode. 3. Noi nguon xoay chieu ~24VAC qua tai bong en va diode D2 nh hnh III.2a. S dung dao ong ky e quan sat dang tn hieu tren tai bong en. 4. Noi nguon xoay chieu ~24VAC qua tai cam va diode D2 nh hnh III.2b. S dung dao ong ky e quan sat dang tn hieu tren tai cam. 5. Tren c s nguyen tac hoat ong cua diode , Giai thch hoat ong cua s o hnh III.1-2 . Giai thch tai sao lai co s khac nhau ve dang tn hieu gia s o vi tai cam va tai tr. Khao sat Thysistor cong suat



1. Noi nguon +12Vqua tai bong en va thysistor SCR1nh hnh III.3.cap nguon +12 V cho mang nguon kch mot . Noi lloi ra OUTPUTcua bo nguon kch DC vi G cua Thysistor. 2. Van bien tr chnh nguon kch P1 cua bo nguon kch DC cho en khi en sang .o gia tr the va dong ieu khien va the dong ra tng ng .Van ngc bien tr P1 , gia thch tai sao en khong tac. 3. Van P1 ve ra trai , ngat day noi tai en va chot A cua Thysistor, lap lai bc 2 vai lan .

LOADC10.22

-12V

+12V

P110k

R13K3

R4330

+12V

+

T1D768

SCR1

R

-12V

_

R33K3

KG

R3 10k

T2D768

741

A

-12V

+12V

Hnh III.3 S o khao sat Thyristor 4. Thay nguon +12V trong s o hnh III.3 bang nguon ~24AC, lap lai th nghiem .Quan sat dang tn hieu tren tai theo gia tr P1 . 5. Lap lai cac bc tren cho Thysistor 2. Khao sat triac. 1. Noi nguon +12Vqua tai bong en va Triac TR1 nh hnh III.4.cap nguon +12 V cho mang nguon kch mot . Noi lloi ra OUTPUTcua bo nguon kch DC vi chan G cua Triaci. 2. Van bien tang tr chnh nguon kch P1 cua bo nguon kch DC cho en khi en sang .o gia tr the va dong ieu khien va the dong ra tng ng .Van ngc bien tr P1 , gia thch tai sao en khong tac. 3. Van P1 ve ra trai , ngat day noi tai en va chot T2 cuaTriac, lap lai bc 2 vai lan



LOADC10.22

-12V

+12V

P110k

R13K3

R4330

+12V

+

T1D768

R

-12V

_

R33K3

G

R3 10k

T2D768

741

T2

T1-12V

+12V

Hnh III.4 s o khao sat triac 4. Van bien giam tr chnh nguon kch P1 cua bo nguon kch DC cho en khi en sang .o gia tr the va dong ieu khien va the dong ra tng ng . 5. Lap lai cac bc tren cho Triac TR2 6. Thay nguon +12V bang nguon ~24AC, lap lai th nghiem .Quan sat dang tn hieu tren tai theo gia tr P1 . 7. So sanh s hoat ong khac nhau gia Thysistor va Triac trong cac s o noi tren.



BAI 3: CHNH LU CONG SUAT 1 PHA A. THIET B S DUNG 1. Thiet b cho thc tap cho ien t cong suat PE-502(hnh A.1)cha cac bang chc nang: a. Bang nguon,cha: - Aptomat 3 PHA -220V/380VAC - Cau ch 3 PHA(~24VAC) - ong ho o dong AC(~30A),ong ho o the AC(30V) - Cac loi ra cho nguon ~24VAC 3pha/20A - Cac loi ra cho nguon +12VDC, -12VDC - Tai tr (bong en 24V/1A) ,tai cam mot DC Max 75VDC) - Bien the nguon 3pha( au sao hoac tam giac)220/280VAC 20A :24/36VAC 20A b. Bang cong suat, cha diode D1-D4(50A), thyristor SCR1 SCR6(50A) c. Bang ieu khien chq1 3 kenh CH A, CH B, CH C . 2. Dao ong ky 2 tia. 3. Phu tung day co chot cam 2 au. B. CAC BAI THC TAP PHAN I : BO CHNH LU DIODE CONG SUAT I. BO CHNH LU DIODE MOT NA BAN KY 1. Mac s o cho diode D1 nh hnh I.1a. S dung dao ong ky quan sat tn hieu tren tai en. Ve gian o thi gian cho tn hieu tren tai tr (en) theo ien the vao.

a) b) Hnh I.1. S o chnh lu diode mot na chu ky



2. Mac s o cho diode D1 nh hnh I.1b khi thay tai tr bang tai cam (mot DC)s dung dao ong kyquan sat tn hieu tren tai cam 3. So sanh dang tn hieu cho tai tr va tai cam. Giai thch s khac nhau gia chung. II.BO CHNH LU CAU DIODE 1. Mac s o cho diode D1-D4 nh hnh I.2 . s dung dao ong ky quan sat tn hieu tren tai en. Ve gian o thi gian cho tn hieu tren tai tr (en) theo ien the vao. Chu y do loi vao va loi ra co at cach ly, v vay dung 1 kenh dao ong ky e quan sat lan lt tn hieu vao va ra theo at tng ng. 2. Mac s o cho diode D1-D4 nh hnh I.2b khi thay tai tr bang tai cam (mot DC)s dung dao ong ky quan sat tn hieu tren tai cam Ve gian o cho tn hieu tren tai tr (en) theo ien the vao. 3. So sanh dang tn hieu cho tai tr va tai cam. Giai thch s khac nhau gia chung. PHAN II : BO CHNH LU IEU KHIEN 1 PHA I. s o ieu khien ong bo cho thyristor 1. Noi s o th nghiem nh hnh II.1. - Cap nguon + 12V cho mang CH-A. - Cap nguon ~ 24V cho loi vao s o ieu khien (mang CH-A).chu y chieu anh dau *. - Noi loi ra vi goc ieu khien goc cat Vri vao REF1-2 tng ng cua mang CH-A. 2. S dung dao ong ky quan sat tn hieu tai loi vao va cac iem TP1A,2A,3A,4A,REF1,REF2, loi ra s o n hai IC3va cac loi ra OUTPUT1A,2A Van bien tr POT1 e thay oi ngng ong bo . Quan sat s thay oi tn hieu ra tng ng vi the ~ 24V loi vao theo gia tr POT1. 3. Ve gian o thi gian cho cac tn hieu tng ng vi tn hieu vao.



4. ao ngc day noi ~ 24Vcho loi vao s o ieu khien ong bo. Quan sat tn hieu nh cac bc tren . Giai thch s khac nhau gia chung. II. S o lu cau ban ieu khien vi diode va thyristor 1. Noi s o th nghiem nh hnh II.2 - Cap nguon + 12V cho mang CH-A. - Cap nguon ~ 24V cho loi vao s o ieu khien (mang CH-A).chu y chieu anh dau *. - Noi loi ra vi goc ieu khien goc cat Vri vao REF1-2 tng ng cua mang CH-A. - Noi cac loi ra OUTPUT 1/A-B va OUTPUT 2/A-B vi cc G va cc K cua SCR1 va SCR2 tng ng. - Noi cac diode D1,D2,SCR1 va SCR2 thanh s o cau - Noi tai tr (en ) cho loi ra mach cau. 2. S dung dao ong ky quan sat tn hieu tai loi vao va tren tai en. Van bien tr POT1 e thay oi ngng ong bo . Quan sat s thay oi tn hieu ra tren tai tr theo gia tr POT1. 3. Ve gian o thi gian cho cac tn hieu cua bo ieu khien va tn hieu tren tai tng ng vi tn hieu cap cho tai (~ 24V) theo cac gia tr goc cat pha (ieu chnh POT1) = 00 ( SCR m 100 % ) , = 450 ( SCR m 75 % ) , = 900 ( SCR m 50 % ) , = 1350 ( SCR m 25 % ) 4. Thay the tai tr bang tai cam(mot DC) nh hnh II.3. lap lai th nghiem nh vi tai en. 5. So sanh va giai thch s khac nhau ve dang tn hieu tren tai cho hai trng hp tai en va tai cam. III. S o chnh lu cau ieu khien toan pha vi Thyristor 1. Noi s o th nghiem nh hnh II.4 - Cap nguon + 12V cho mang CH-A va CH -B - Cap nguon ~ 24V cho loi vao s o ieu khien (mang CH-A va CH-B).Chu y chieu anh dau *. - Noi loi ra vi goc ieu khien goc cat Vri vao REF1-2 tng ng cua mang CH-A va CH B.



- Noi cac loi ra OUTPUT 1/A-B va OUTPUT 2/A-B vi cc G va cc K cua SCR1, 2, 3, va 4 tng ng - Noi cac thyristor, SCR1,2,3 va thanh s o cau. - Noi tai tr (en ) cho loi ra mach cau. 2. S dung dao ong ky quan sat tn hieu tai loi vao va tren tai en Van bien tr POT1 e thay oi ngng ong bo . Quan sat s thay oi tn hieu ra tren tai tr theo gia tr POT1. 3. Ve gian o thi gian cho cac tn hieu cua bo ieu khien va tn hieu tren tai tng ng vi tn hieu cap cho tai (~ 24V) theo cac gia tr goc cat pha (ieu chnh POT1) = 00 ( SCR m 100 % ) , = 450 ( SCR m 75 % ) , = 900 ( SCR m 50 % ) , = 1350 ( SCR m 25 % ) 4. Thay the tai tr bang tai cam(mot DC). Lap lai th nghiem nh oi vi tai en.

5. So sanh va giai thch s khac nhau ve dang tn hieu tren tai cho hai trng hp tai en vatai cam



BAI 4: CHNH LU CONG SUAT 3 PHA

A. THIET B S DUNG 1. Thiet b cho thc tap ve ien t cong suat PE-502(hnh A.1), cha cac bang chc nang: a. Bang nguon, cha: - Aptomat 3 PHA-220V/380VAC - Cau ch 3 pha (~24VAC/30A ) - ong ho o dong ~24VAC 3pha/30A - Cac loi ra cho nguon ~24VAC 3pha/20A - Cac loi ra cho nguon +12VDC.-12VDC - Tai tr (bong en 24V/1A), tai cam( bien the 3 pha 24VAC- au kieu sao) - Bien the nguon 3 pha( au sao hoac tam giac) 220/380VAC 20A:24/36VAC-20A b. Bang cong suat, cha diode D1-D4(50A), thyristor SCR1-SCR6(50A) c. Bang ieu khien cha 3 kenh CH-A, CH-B, CH-C 2. Dao ong ky 2 tia 3. Phu tung: day co chot cam 2 au. B.CAC BAI THC TAP 1. Noi s o th nghiem nh hnh 1. - Cap nguon + 12V cho mang CH-A va CH B va CH-C - Cap nguon ~ 24V cho loi vao s o ieu khien (mang CH-A va CH-B va CH-C).Chu y chieu anh dau *.Noi loi vao cho cac CD-A,B,C theo kieu tam giac . - Noi loi ra vi goc ieu khien goc cat Vri vao REF1-2 tng ng cua mang CH-A va CH-B va CH-C - Noi cac loi ra OUTPUT 1/A-B va OUTPUT 2/A-B vi cc G va cc K cua SCR1, 2, 3, va 4 tng ng - Noi bo xung cac chot ieu khien theo cac diode loi ra bo so sanh nh hnh 1. - Noi cac thyristor, SCR1-6 thanh s o cau. - Noi tai tr (en ) cho loi ra mach cau. 2. S dung dao ong ky quan sat tn hieu tai loi vao va tren tai en. Van bien tr POT1 e thay oi ngng ong bo . Quan sat s thay oi tn hieu ra tren tai tr theo gia tr POT1. 3. Ve gian o thi gian cho cac tn hieu cua bo ieu khien va tn hieu tren tai tng ng vi tn hieu cap cho tai (~ 24V) theo cac gia tr goc cat pha (ieu



chnh POT1) = 00 ( SCR m 100 % ) , = 450 ( SCR m 75 % ) , = 900 ( SCR m 50 % ) , = 1350 ( SCR m 25 % ) 4. Thay the tai tr bang tai cam(mot DC) . Lap lai th nghiem nh vi tai en. 5. So sanh va giai thch s khac nhau ve dang tn hieu tren tai cho hai trng hp tai en va tai cam.



BAI 5: BIEN OI IEN AP XOAY CHIEU

A. THIET B S DUNG 2. Thiet b cho thc tap ve ien t cong suat PE-503(hnh A), cha cac bang chc nang: a. Bang nguon, cha: - Aptomat 3 PHA-220VAC - Cau ch 3 pha (~24VAC/20A ) - ong ho o dong ~24VAC 3pha/20A - Cac loi ra cho nguon ~24VAC 3pha/20A - Cac loi ra cho nguon +12VDC.-12VDC - Tai tr (bong en 24V/1A), tai cam( bien the 3 pha 24VAC- au kieu sao) - Bien the nguon 3 pha( au sao hoac tam giac) 220/380VAC 20A:24/36VAC-20A b. Bang cong suat, cha cac triac TR1-6 (20A) c. Bang ieu khien cha 3 kenh CH-A, CH-B, CH-C 3. Dao ong ky 2 tia 4. Phu tung: day co chot cam 2 au. B.CAC BAI THC TAP I. S o ieu khien ong bo s dung TCA780 1. S o th nghiem - Cap nguon +12V cho mang ieu khien - Cap nguon ~24VAC cho loi vao s o ieu khien ( Mang CH-A ) chu y chieu anh dau * - Noi loi ra the ieu khien goc cat Vref vao REF1 cua mang CH-A 2. S dung dao ong ky quan sat dang tn hieu tai loi vao va cac iem TP1A, 2A, REF1, loi ra OUTPUT1 va 12 Van bien tr Vref thay oi ngng ong bo. Quan sat s thay oi v tr tn hieu ra tng ng vi the ~24V loi vao theo gia tr POT 3. Ve gian o thi gian cho cac tn hieu tng ng vi tn hieu vao 4. Khao sat tng t kenh CH-B va CH-C



11

11

24VAC

5A

CH-C

R112K2

+12V D11

TCA780

TF1A1 3

2 4

16

OUT11

5

8B

5

15

7A

6

1 2R3247K

TF2B1 3

2 4

6

D14

4148

R34Vref

T11D768

1

145

OUT12

1 10B

R2247K

R16

TF2A1 5

4 8

16

95B

TF3B1 3

2 4

11

C31220p

12

R312K2 1 2

D12

24VAC

4A

C11220p

TF3B1 3

2 4

C14

10

TCA780

10

1B

13

14

R15

7B

OUT21

R14

C21220p

TF1A1 3

2 4

D13

4148

+12V

15

13

6A

TF1A1 3

2 4

12

OUT22

+12V

2B

16

TCA780

6

9

OUT23

T12D768

+12V

9B

C13

R212K2

CH-A

C22220p

1

4B

R13

OUT24

ZD19V

1C

1 2

R1

300

C32220p

9

24VAC

1A

1 2

11B

13

10

CH-B

6B

15

R1247K

R35

TF2A1 5

4 8

TF3B1 3

2 4

C12220p

12

14

2A

2C

Hnh I.1. s o ieu khien xung ong bo tren TCA780 II. S o bien oi the AC mot pha s dung triac 1. Noi s o th nghiem nh hnh I.2 - Cap nguon +12V cho manh ieu khien - Cap nguon ~24VAC cho loi vao s o ieu khien ( Mang CH-A ). Chu y chieu anh dau - Noi loi ra the ieu khien goc cat Vref vi REF1 cua mang CH-A - Noi cac loi ra OUTPUT11 vi cc G va T1 cua TR1 - Noi tai tr (en) theo hnh I.2 2. S dung dao ong ky quan sat dang tn hieu tai loi vao va tren tai en. Van bien tr Vref e thay oi ngng ong bo . Quan sat s thay oi tn hieu ra tren tai tr theo gia tr Vref



7B

OUT12

9

R112K2

11

TF1A1 3

2 4

4BTF2B1 3

2 4

C12220p

Vref

5

15OUT11

CH-B

R1

300

TCA780

16

+12V

ZD19V

2B

1 2

T2

+12V

~24v

TF3B1 3

2 4

12

13

R Load

1

C11220p

5B

R1247K

24VAC

6

1 2

10 6B

1B

4B

14

3. Ve gian o thi gian cho ac tn hieu cua bo ieu khien va tn hieu tren tai tng ng vi tn hieu cap cho tai (~24V) theo cac gia tr goc cat pha(Vref) a= 0 (triac m 100%) = 45o (triac m 75%) = 90o ( triac m 50% ) = 135o ( triac m 25% ) 4. Thay the tai tr bang tai cam. Lap lai th nghiem nh oi vi tai en

7B

OUT12

9

R112K2

11

TF1A1 3

2 4

4BTF2B1 3

2 4

C12220p

Vref

5

15OUT11

CH-B

R1

300

TCA780

16

+12V

ZD19V

2B

1 2

T2

+12V

~24v

TF3B1 3

2 4

12

13

R Load

1

C11220p

5B

R1247K

24VAC

6

1 2

10 6B

1B

4B

14

5. So sanh va giai thch s khac nhau ve dang tn hieu tren tai cho 2 trng hp tai en va tai cam 6. Noi song song loi ra OUT11 va OUT e ieu khien triac hoat ong theo toan song . Lap lai cac bc th nghiem tren cho tai tr va tai cam II. S o bien oi ien the AC ieu khien toan pha vi Triac 1. Noi s o th nghiem nh hnh II.1



C11220p

1C

11

6

TR1

C12220p

TF2B1 3

2 4

24VAC

4ACH-B

6C

C12220p

16

16

12

15

TF3B1 3

2 4

14

~24V

13

16

~24V

24VAC

OUT12

5C

2A

6B

7B

U

2C

5A

24VAC

TF1A1 3

2 4

TR1

11

5B

+12V

12

5

1B

R2

C11220p

ZD19V

CH-B

TCA780

~24V

+12V

11

R1613

14

R3

1 2

TF3C1 3

2 4

OUT11

+12V

R1247K

R1247K

1 2

6

10

OUT12

R112K2

9

14

TF1A1 3

2 4

4B

5

7A

12

1

1

W

C12220p

13

9

1 2

2B

4C

TCA780

1A

15

V

6A

TF3B1 3

2 4

OUT11

10

C11220p

Vref

TF2C1 3

2 4

TCA780

OUT12

9

R112K2

R112K2

1 2 OUT11

R1

300

R1247K

51 2

10

1

+12V

TR1

1 2

15

7C

TF2B1 3

2 4

CH-BTF1A

1 3

2 4

Hnh II.1 S o bien oi ien the AC 3 pha vi tai tr - Cap nguon +12V cho mang ieu khien - Cap nguon ~24VAC/3 pha cho cac loi vao s o ieu khien U-V-W tng ng vi cac mang CH-A CH-B CH-C chu y chieu anh dau * - Noi loi ra the ieu khien goc cat Vref vao REF1-2-3 tng ng vi cac mang CH-A CH-B CH-C



C11220p

1C

11

6

TR1

C12220p

TF2B1 3

2 4

24VAC

4ACH-B

6C

C12220p

16

16

12

15

TF3B1 3

2 4

14

~24V

13

16

~24V

24VAC

OUT12

5C

2A

6B

7B

U

2C

5A

24VAC

TF1A1 3

2 4

TR1

11

5B

+12V

12

5

1B

C11220p

ZD19V

CH-B

TCA780

~24V

+12V

11

613

14

1 2

TF3C1 3

2 4

OUT11

+12V

T2

R1247K

R1247K

1 2

6

10

OUT12

R112K2

T3

9

14

TF1A1 3

2 4

T1

4B

5

7A

12

1

1

W

C12220p

13

9

1 2

2B

4C

TCA780

1A

15

V

6A

TF3B1 3

2 4

OUT11

10

C11220p

Vref

TF2C1 3

2 4

TCA780

OUT12

9

R112K2

R112K2

1 2 OUT11

R1

300

R1247K

51 2

10

1

+12V

TR1

1 2

15

7C

N

TF2B1 3

2 4

CH-BTF1A

1 3

2 4

Hnh II.2 S o bien oi ien the AC 3 pha vi tai cam - Noi song song cac loi ra OUTPUT 11/A-B vi OUTPUT 12/A-B va vi cac cc G va K cua TR1 - Noi song song cac loi ra OUTPUT 21/A-B vi OUTPUT 22/A-B va vi cac cc G va K cua TR2 - Noi song song cac loi ra OUTPUT 31/A-B vi OUTPUT 32/A-B va vi cac cc G va K cua TR3 - Noi cac tai tr (en) theo s o II.1. chu y cac cc N a c noi. 2. s dung dao ong ky quan sat dang tn hieu tai loi vao va tren tai en. Van bien tr Vrefe thay oi ngng ong bo. Quan sat s thay oi tn hieu tren tai tr theo gia tr Vref.

HN

H S

O C

ANH BAO T TRNG

HN

H S

O

O VI CAM BIE

N NHIE

T BAN D

AN

+12V

+12V

R4

49K TP2

OUT

12V

R1

9K

78L05

C6

IC1a

R8 R

12V

S3

TP6

R30

S2

5V

C7

100uF

C2

01

S3

C1

10uF

+12V

TP1

12V

R2

R6

7k15

IC1b

S2

GAIN

-12V

- +

U1A TL082

657

48

+12V

P1

OFFSET

7K15

R

- +

U1A TL082

321

R31

12V

R5

49K9

R3

1K5

-12V

IC2

39K

R

HN

H S

O

O VI CAP NHIE

T

IEN

-12V

7K15R

R13 10

IC3a

75K4

R19

R11 1K5

TP12

TP7

C4

01

SENSOR

R10

10K

R14

500-12V

TC-

TP8

P1 OFFSET

R18 75K15

R16

4K22

GAIN OUT

+12V

TP9

- +

U1A TL082

657

+12V

- +

U1A TL082

321

84

TC+

P4

-12V

R15

30K

C1

100uF

IC3b

TP10

R12

1K5

HN

H S

O

O VI CAM BIE

N NHIE

T PT-100

SENSOR

+12

TS2

R26

7K15

TP17

R27

3K6

TP16

TP100

78L05

IC5

-12

VCC

R23

3K6

-+TL082

3 21

R29

58K

TP14

TS1

GIAN

R21 1K

R25

IC4A

OFFSET

R28

3K6

C5

0.1

R24

IC6

TP15

78L05

R22

10K

IC4B

5VR20

1K5

- +TL082

657

48

HN

H S

O

O Q

UANG

IEN VA C

ANH BAO

T1A1015

S2

P1

OFFSET

VCC

J3

+12V

R11

10K

VCC

-+

TL082

2 37

1

IC1a

C2

100uF

R3

5K6

R7

18K

R8

10K

+12V

VCC

+12V

R16

R9

10K

R6

1K

78L05

P3

LEVER

R2

2K2

J1

VCC

C1

100uF

+12V

VCC

GAIN

R4

10K

R14

4K7

- +

U2A

TL082

321

-12V

- +

TL082

561

S1

SENSOR

VCC

R10

10K

VCC

12V

J2

VCC

R9

10K

D1

IC1b

VCC

+12V

R17

IC3

TP2

IC1C

J4

R15

1K

VCC

VCC

R5

1K

TP3

VCC

R1

1K

-12V

VCC

-12V

HN

H S

O THU PHAT H

ONG NGOAI

LEVER

R16

10K

LM555

OUT

R6

R

TP4

R3

5K6

IC4

R11

R

T1D468

R2

10K

DE2

C1

0.1

R17

470

R13

1K

TP3

R5

R

C5

100p

D4

GND

R15

10K

- +

TL082

321

8

TP5

5

C3

0.22

- +

TL082

321

D2

VCC

IC1

R8

1K

R7

R

C4 47p

7

D3

1N4148

R1

1K

C8

D1

C2

0.1

2

TP1

P210K

R10

R35

R

6

5V

R9

IC3

5V

+12V

- +

TL082

327

1

4

R12

BASE LINE

E1

IC2

-12V

DE1

+12V

5V

E2

R14

HN

H S

O C

AP Q

UANG

HN

H S

O THU PHAT SONG SIE

U AM

HN

H S

O C

AN

IEN T

Bi 1:M u v in t cng sutA.in t cng sutB.Cc linh kin cng sutI.L thuyt1.Diode cng sut2.Thyristor3.Triac4.Transistor MOS cng sut

II.Thc hnh1.Kho st Diode

C.c im s dng transistor lng cc,thyristor v transistor MOSD.Cc s kch thyristor v triac

Bi 2:THYRISTOR,TRIAC & s kchA.Thit b s dngB.Cc bi thc tpI.Cc ngun kch thchII.S dao ng a hiIII.S xung trn IC 555

Bi 3:Chnh lu cng sut 1 phaA.Thit b s dngB.Cc bi thc tpPhn 1.B chnh lu Diode cng sutPhn 2.B chnh lu iu khin 1 pha

Bi 4:Chnh lu cng sut 3 phaA.Thit b s dngB.Cc bi thc tp

Bi 5:Bin i in p xoay chiuA.Thit b s dngB.Cc bi thc tp

Giao Trinh Thuc Hanh Dien Tu Cong Suat

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