Bao Cao Dien Tu Cong Suat _Doan Quang Tien

Bo co th nghim in t cng sut

BI 1 : CC PHN T BN DN C BN1.1.Mc ch, yu cu -Chng minh bi ging v cc phn t bn dn c bn trong mn hc in t cng sut. -Luyn cho sinh vin k nng o, xc nh tnh nng, trng thi cc phn t bn dn cng sut. 1.2.Ni dung thc hnh - Tm hiu hnh dng kch thc v c trng cc phn t bn dn cng sut. - o c th nghim cc phn t bn dn cng sut. - Cc phn t bn dn cng sut c bn. 1.2.1 DIODE -it cng sut do hai mt ghp p-n ghp thnh, din tch mt ghp t l vi dng in cho php qua it. -Trung bnh mt dng c 10A/mm2.P N K K

A

A

1


c tnh Vn-ampe:

i

i

U UDo

U2

U

c tnh V-A ca it gm nhnh: Nhnh thun:U

hai -

Di in p UAK>0. it phn cc thun. ng c tnh c dng hm m. - Nhnh ngc: Di in p UAKU 2

dng

. Dng in tng t bin ph hu it.

2


Mt s trasistor trn thc t c tnh V-A

1.2.3. MOSFET -MOSFET l Transistor knh ng trng ( Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field SiO2 hiu N Effect Transistor ) l mt Transistor c bit c cu to v hot ng khc vi cc mng Transistor thng thng m ta bit, MOSFET c nguyn tc hot ng da N trn hiu ng t trng to ra dng in, l linh kin c tr khng u vo cc cng D p ln .nn P G UGS cc ngun D

N

G

S D3

S

GCu to MOSFET knh cm ng

S


Mosfet knh n

Mosfet knh P

K hiu

Mt s hnh nh v mosfet

1.2.4.THYRISTOR - THYRISTOR l phn t bn dn cu to t bn lp bn dn p-n-p-n to thnh.Cu trc v k hiu trnh by trn hnh

4


THYRISTOR c 3 lp tip gip J1, J2, J3. hnh thnh 3 cc Anot A, Katot K, cc iu khin G.

Mt s hnh nh v thyristor trn thc t

1.2.5. IGBTnp+

E n n pn

G n

E n p

C c n h i

E S G D pnp C npn

E5

C


G

CCu to IGBT S thay th v k hiu IGBT

-IGBT l transistor cng sut hin i, kch thc gn nh. N c kh nng chu c in p vo dng in ln cng nh to nn st p va phi khi dn in. -IGBT c phn t MOS vi cng cch in c tch hp trong cu trc ca n. Ging nh thyristor v GTO, n c cu to gm hai transistor. Vic iu khin ng v ngt IGBT c thc hin nh phn t MOSFET u ni gia hai cc transistor npn. Vic kch dn IGBT c thc hin bng xung in p a vo cng kch G. c tnh V-A ca IGBT c dng tng t nh c tnh VA ca MOSFET. 1.2.6. TRIAC( Triode Alternative Current)

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Triac l phn t bn dn gm 3 cc c to ln t 5 lp bn dn to ln cu trc p-n-p-n nh tiristo theo c 2 chiu gia cc cc T1 v T2 nh trn hnh v. K hiu triac nh trn hnh. V nguyn tc c th coi triac nh 2 tiristo u song song ngc.

Mch iu khin TRIAC a) cu to, b,c) Cu trc tng ng

Triac c th iu khin dn dng bng c xung dng (dng i vo cc iu khin) v c xung m (dng i ra khi cc iu khin). Tuy nhin dng iu khin m c nhy km hn, ngha l dng iu khin phi ln hn. c tnh V-A7


* Trong qu trnh th nghim , ta nhn dng mt s linh kin da vo hnh dng bn ngoi nh sau : - Thyristor thng chia thnh thyristor loi tr, loi a, modul - Transistor gm loi 3 chn r rng hoc dng s (v d nh 2N3055) - Triac, IGBT, GTO, thng dng 3 chn r rng. - Diot c nhiu loi nh loi tr, loi khi vung,. - Thng th trn linh kin cng sut c ch ta gn tn nhit v khi lm vic th cc phn t ny pht nng rt mnh v vy ta cn gn tn nhit cho chng nu khng th nhit sinh ra s lm hng b mt bn dn.Cc vt liu tn nhit thng lm t nhm hoc ng.Tu theo cng sut v yu cu s dng m kch thc ca tn nhit khc nhau. - Cc hnh nh trn ch l i din cho loi cng sut trung bnh c dng trong dn dng, cc loi cng sut ln dng trong cng nghip th kch thc ca chng ln hn nhiu. 1.3.Cch s dng ng h o kim tra cc linh kin . - ng h thc t gm c ng h s v ng h kim.Vi loi ng h s th cho kt qu chnh xc nhng kt qu thng thay i nhanh v lin tc dn n kh quan st trong th nghim.ng h kim th cho kt qu khng c chnh xc nh ng h s nhng v kim ch th c qun tnh cho nn n t thay i khi cc thng s o thay i 1 gi tr rt nh, iu ny gip ta d quan st nh8


tnh v nhn xt hn.Thng khi kim tra cc linh kin in t ta hay dng ng h kim. -Khi o ta vn nt v v tr thang o x 10. Vi cc loi ng h kim th que en thng c th dng . kim tra ta c th mc vo 1 con led n, nu led sng th chn ni vi anot ca led c th dng. ( mc nh que en c th dng trong bi bo co ny.) Cc hnh v hng dn thao tc tng kh nng hnh dung cch o. 1.3.1 O DIODE -V diot ch c 1 tip gip P-N cho nn vic o diot kh n gin, ta khng cn chnh 0 cho ng h -Ta t que en vo 1 cc, que vo cc cn li, sau o chiu que o.Nu kim ch ln trong 1 trng hp th diot cn tt v cc gn vi que en khi kim ln l anot, cc cn li l catot.Nu c 2 trng hp kim u ln hoc u khng ln th diot b hng. 1.3.2 TRANSISTOR(BJT) i vi transitor th ta c nhiu cch xc nh cht lng ca n.Thc t khi o transistor ta thng i xc nh cc chn ca n lun. xc nh chn ca BJT ta lm nh sau: Lu : Ta khng c chm ng thi 2 tay vo 2 que o B1: Vn ng h v thang x10 B2: t que o bt k vo 1 chn X no . t que th 2 ln lt vo 2 chn cn li.Nu m trong 2 trng hp m ln kim ch gi tr vi chc m th chn X9


l chn B.Nu X l que en t vo th BJT l loi ngc, cn nu X do que t vo th la BJT loi thun.Nu khng ng thi ln kim th ta c thay i n khi xy ra trng hp trn l c.Vic xc nh ny rt nhanh vi ngi c kinh nghim. B3: Vn ng h v thang o x10k. -Nu lc trc que t vo chn B th by gi ta ta s t que en vo chn B, tng t nu lc trc que en t vo chn B th by gi ta t que vo chn B.Sau dng que o cn li ln lt chm vo 2 chn C, E. Nu trng hp no kim ln (gi tr c vi trm k ) th chc chn l chn E, nh vy chn cn li l chn C. Nu c 2 trng hp m u ln kim th BJT b hng. 1.3.3 O THYRISTOR(SCR) Vi thyristor th vic xc nh chn d dng hn transitor.Thng th cc SCR cng sut ln th chn G thng nh hn nhiu so vi chn A v K.Chnh v vy ta c th xc nh c A,K bng cch nh sau: -Vn ng h v thang o x10(hoc 1).C th chnh 0 hoc thi cng c.Sau t que en vo chn G, que vo 2 chn cn li.Nu khi no m kim ln th chn l chn K, suy ra chn cn li l chn A Cn khi m khng bit chn G th ta c th tm bng cch tm cp chn no m c in tr bng v cng vi c 2 chiu que o.Khi cp chn l cp A,K, suy ra chn cn li l chn G.Nu khng tn ti cp chn ni trn th SCR hng. SCR c loi tr, loi a, hoc modul 1.3.4.O MOSFET Mt mosfet cn tt khi in tr gia G vi S v G vi D phi bng v cng (kim khng nn c 2 chiu o).Khi G c thot in th tr khng gia D v S cng phi l v cng.10


Thng thng cc mosfet c quy nh chung th t chn l G-D-S *Cch xc nh mosfet cn tt B1: Vn v thang o x1k B2: Np cho G 1 in tch bng cch a que en vo G, que vo S hoc D. B3: o in p UDS, que en vo D, que vo S. B4: Chp chn G vo D hoc S thot in chn G. B5: o in p UDS, nu kim khng ln th mosfet cn tt. 1.4. Kt qu th nghim thu c v nhn xt :

1.4.1 O DIODE Tn Diot Loi ln 1022648 Loi nh Nhn xt 26 24 Tt Tt

1.4.2. O TRANSISTOR Tn transistor H1061 2T803A 0876 1.4.3. O TRIAC11

R12

R13

R23

R21

R31

R32 Tt Tt

Nhn xt

34 32 26 30 1000 1000


Tn TRIAC BTA 06

R12 0

R13 R23 32

R21 0

R31 R32 Nhn xt 36 36 Tt

1.4.4. O MOSFET

Tn MOSFET 20N60S5

R12

R13

R23

R21

R31

R32 22 Tt

Nhn xt

1.4.5. O THYRISTOR Tn THYRISTOR Asea 22025 30 26 LX 5K9202E900 250 54 8 Nhn xt Tt Tt

1.4.6. O IGBT. Tn GT40T101 Nhn xt 26

Tt

BI 2 : IU KHIN CC THIT B BIN I2.1.Mc ch, yu cu. -Chng minh bi ging v cc phn t bn dn cng sut v cc mch bin i chnh lu, xung p, nghch lu. -Luyn cho hc sinh k nng phn tch mch cng sut. -Thc tp,iu khin v o c c tnh cc b bin i12


2.2.Ni dung thc hnh -Tm hiu nguyn l cc b bin i -Phn tch cc b bin i -o c tham s cc b bin i 2.3.Cc b bin i a. Bin tn ca hng siemen Trong phng th nghim c 3 b bin tn Micromaster 370W, Micromaster 3000W, Micromaster 5500W. Nhim v cc b bin i ny bin in p xoay chiu 3 pha thnh in p 1 chiu, sau li bin in p 1 chiu thnh in p xoay chiu nhng c tn s khc vi tn s ban u u ni bin tn Bin tn Micromaster MMW370 c trang b trong phng th nghim c cu hnh nh sau: + 2 u vo tng t + 2u ra tng t + 6 u vo s + 2 cng truyn thng ni tip + 1 cng ghp ni PTC (Nhit tr o nhit ng c) + cng ghp ni vi in tr hm bn ngoi + 2 Rle c th lp trnh + u phn hi kn + Ngun cp 15V,50mA cho cc bin bn ngoi + Ngun 10 V cp cho u vo tng t

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+Xy dng bi th nghim -u ni mch in +Ni dung v cc bc lm th nghim - Ni dy theo s u ni. Trn thn bin tn c 3 u u ni (U, V, W) c ni vi ng c (ng c mc hnh sao). 3 u L1, L2, L3 mc vo ngun 3 pha qua Aptomat. Trung tnh ca ng c c u ni vi u PE trn bin tn v ni vi t ca ngun. Trong bi th nghim khng s dng b lc u vo. - Ci t tham s ca ng c Trc tin ta ci t bin tn theo hng dn thc nghim hot ng c bn ca bin tn sau ci t ln lt cc tham s chun b thc nghim cc tnh nng ca bin tn. - iu khin bin tn hot ng Ch : mi ln th cc tnh nng bin tn cn kim tra xem cc tnh nng c nh hng n nhau khng. ( VD tnh nng Rampup time vi Smoothing time ) nu chng nh hng ln nhau cn th nghim ring tng tnh nng c kt qu chnh xc sau mi th nghim s kt hp ca cc tnh nng. Chun b trc khi lm thc nghim Ta phi chun b ci t tham s bin tn vi tham s ng c nh sau: Ud =380 V P=1,5Kw F=50Hz N=1430v/p Cc hm cn chun b: -P001- P009 : Hin th -P080-P085 : Tham s ng c -P012-P014 : Gii hn tn s -P031-P034 : Gii hn nt th14

Cos =0,85 I=3,4A


-P088: Xc nh in tr stator. b.M hnh bin tn iu bin bng phng php PWM : Chnh lu c iu khin

M hnh mch cng sut trong phng th nghim bao gm cc khi chc nng sau : -Khi ngun: -S cu chnh lu -Aptomat -Khi nghch lu -6 Mosfet 2OH60S5 -3 t mc song song 60V-380F c chc nng n nh in p -Qut gi c chc nng lm mt cho van -Khi iu khin: + B vi x l: 2 IC mc song song, PC 8177 dng cch ly quang -IC 16PU0721J -IC 32A5J3M -IC HD74LS14P -IC LM339N -Bin p

B vi x l c chc nng to ra xung tam gic v sng sin v so snh chng thu c dng xung thch hp . y l cch s dng tn hiu s cho nn chnh xc cao hn cc b tng t bi v n khc phc c nhc im khng ca b tng t v kh nng chng nhiu tt . + 3 IC driver iu khin mosfet d dng hn. + iu khin Location + B ngun vo vi x l: b chnh lu cu 4 diot, 2 transistor n p, 3 t lc.

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Mch nguyn l c dng nh sau : 2 s cu mt pha khng i xng dng thyristor v diot nh s trn , trong : - 1 s to ra in p mt chiu cp cho phn ng ng c - 1 s to ra in p mt chiu cp cho phn kch t ca ng c . - 1 ng c 1 chiu cng sut nh, dng qua ng c vo khong 3A -1 ng c ng vai tr l ti, c dy ni gia 2 u trc ng c. -1 bin p ngun bin i in p 220V~ thnh in p 24V ~, a qua cu chnh lu a ra in p 1 chiu 30V Ni dung v cc bc lm th nghim -Quan st ni dy theo s u ni trn panel iu khin. -Quan st tham s ng c -iu khin b chnh lu hot ng -Thay i gi tr bin tr, o in p ra trn ng c, v c tnh. -Quan st hnh dng in p ra trn ti bng my tnh. -iu khin t xa thng qua my tnh *Lm th nghim vi vng kn( iu khin m cc van cng sut v o tc ng c so snh vi gi tr t a ra lut iu khin iu chnh tc ng c) t cc thng s ca b iu khin nh sau nh sau:16


K p = 3, K i = 1, K d = 0 -Khi c tn hiu tc ng vo ng c, rt nhanh sau tc ng c t n gi tr mong mun sau mt thi gian ngn. -Khi ti thay i th b iu khin vi cc tham s trn khng cn ph hp na. Nu cng vi ti nh trn, tin hnh thay i cc gi tr ca b iu khin K p , K i , K d ca b iu khin PID th dng p ng ca ng c cng khng bm p theo tc t m c qu iu chnh rt ln . c) Xung p mt chiu M hnh trong phng th nghim bao gm cc khi chc nng sau : - Mch lc cha cc phn t sau -Cu dao -Cu ch, bin p -Mch iu khin: cng COM +) X1: -B iu khin c IC 89U0717J, IC 0702, IC HA17324A. -B iu khin bng tay +) X2: -1 b tn nhit cho 3 tiristor -2 mosfet 20N60S5 -S cu 1 pha gm 4 tiristor Nguyn l lm vic ca mch xung p -Rle: 5A-250VAC, 5A240VAC, 5A-28VAC -B tn nhit -4 tiristor

17


it

T B

i D id L Ut Ed

EN U EB Ut

t T 0

t

t i t iT t id t

S mch cng sut

220/110 V D KN B DC T

WKT

ROLE1 K KN K

AT1Ni dung v cc bc lm th nghim -Quan st ni dy theo s u ni trn panel iu khin. -Quan st tham s ng c -iu khin b xung p hot ng18


-Thay i gi tr bin tr, o in p ra trn ng c, v c tnh. -Quan st hnh dng in p ra trn ti bng my tnh. -iu khin t xa thng qua my tnh d. H iu khin v gim st h T : - Mch lc: gm 2 cu tiristor iu khin cho phn ng v kch t. - Mch iu khin: s dng vi iu khin (AT 89S52...) c th thc hin ti ch hoc qua PC MAX 232(b chuyn i tn hiu). - Kt ni gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc bng bin p xung v c mt cm bin dng cm nhn dng mch lc phn hi tn hiu cho mch iu khin . - Khi cch li s dng cc cm bin cch li bo v kt ni cng COM vi PC - B ngun cp 5V-12V -B iu khin: gm 2 cu tiristor (mi cu c 4 tiristor) -B ngun gm: -Ic n p 7815 -Ic n p 7805 -B vi x l iu khin trung tm. Gm 2 con ATMEGA16 -1 b ngun gm: IC n p LM7815, diode chnh lu. -DAC 7541 - DAC 080SL -Cng COM v b iu khin bng tay. e. B iu khin tc ng c in mt chiu : - ng c 1 chiu v 1 my pht bin i ti c trc truyn ng gn vi trc ng c . - Khu hi tip tc gm c: vi iu khin PIC - B iu khin trung tm -Vi iu khin h AVR hoc 8501... -Mn hnh LCD hin th kt qu -B ngun19

-4 t -Diot cu v bin p.

-LM 324 -HA 1732A


-1 cu transistor -in tr cng sut -1 bin p cho b iu khin -B m gm: -LM 32HN -HD 74LS14 -HD 74LS00P -Bin p pht xung: -4 con TLA-TX0040 -B bin i tn hiu u ra (5V-12V) -2 con PC 8177 cch ly quang

-1 bin p cho mch ng lc -Cng COM -S dng Max 232 4 Chit p -VC 413976K -4 con H1061 -Bin dng -Bin p

-Max 232 CPE -LM 7805

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Bao Cao Dien Tu Cong Suat _Doan Quang Tien

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