Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi

7/31/2019 Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi

1/138

TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TP.HCM

TRUNG TAM CONG NGHE IEN--

GIAO TRNH MON HOC

MITSUBISHIPROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS

BIEN SOAN : LE HOANG VINH *AO DUY KHNGVO TH ANH TUYET *TRAN TH THU THUY

TAI BAN THANG 07 NAM 2006LU HANH NOI BO


2/138

LI NOI AU

Trong nhng nam gan ay, bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC c s dung ngaycang rong rai trong cong nghiep nc ta nh la mot giai phap ieu khien lytng cho viec t ong hoa cac qua trnh san xuat. Cung vi s phat trien cuacong nghe may tnh, Hien nay bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC hay CPU at cnhng u the c ban trong ng dung ieu khien cong nghiep ap ng yeu cauieu khien va giam sat he thong san xuat t n gian en phc tap vi o tin caycao. PLC (Programmable logic controller) la mot may tnh thu nho nhng vi cactieu chuan cong nghiep cao va kha nang lap trnh logic manh PLC la au nao

quan trong va linh hoat trong ieu khien t ong hoa ien cong nghiep. Trongnhng nha may san xuat t ong hoa hien nay, nhieu cap o khac nhau,phng thc ieu khien giam sat (SCADA supervisory control and dataacguisition ) c ap dung de dang vi cac phan t ieu khien chap hanh gomtoan bo cac bo ieu khien lap trnh (PLC)

Mon PLC thuoc trung tam t ong hoa ien cong nghiep cua TRUNG TAMCONG NGHE IEN TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TP.HCM la monhoc khai thac s dung cac bo ieu khien lap trnh (PLC), qua o gii thieu cacngon ng lap trnh logic phng phap lap trnh cong nghe va cac ng dung m

rong nham cung cap cac kien thc c ban ve PLC cho sinh vien e tiep can sieu khien t ong hoa trong cac nha may san xuat hien ai, gop phan trong congcuoc cong nghiep hoa hien ai hoa cua at nc .

Giao trnh nay cung cap mot so kha canh cua bo ieu khien lap trnh (PLC)da tren qua trnh tm hieu ve bo PLC FX1N thuoc ho FX cua hang Mitsubishielectric. Qua o giup cho sinh vien, hoc sinh co nhng khai niem c ban ve ieukhien t ong hoa dung PLC trong cong nghiep, trnh bay mot so lenh c ban chuyeu ve tap lenh cua PLC Mitsubishi electric, cach cai at, s dung cac lenh e taora chng trnh ieu khien va cach s dung phan mem FXGPWIN va phan mem

mo phong FX TRAINING BEG E. Ngoai ra con co nhieu bai tap a c giaiap va nhieu bai tap m rong giup cho sinh vien hoc sinh phat trien ky nang canthiet trong viec lap trnh PLC.

Qua qua trnh bien soan giao trnh nay chac chan con co nhieu thieu sot.Chung toi mong nhan c nhng y kien ong gop xay dng cua quy Thay Coong nghiep va sinh vien hoc sinh e giao trnh nay c hoan thien hn, xinchan trong cam n.


3/138

LI NOI AU

MUC LUCMUC LUC

Chng 1: GII THIEU TONG QUAN VE PLC.I. Lich s ra i va phat trien cua PLC.

II. Khai quat ve bo lap trnh PLC.III. Cau Truc phan cng PLC cua ho FX .IV. Gii thieu cac PLC ho FX Family

Chng 2: CAC THIET B VA LENH C BANA. khai niem

I. Khai niem ve mot chng trnh..II. Cac khai niem c ban dung trong lap trnh III. Cach oc Logic cua chng trnh Ladder.

B. Cac tap lenh c ban cua lap trnh ladder va instruction..

Chng 3: KY THUAT LAP TRNH STEP LADDER I. Khai niem ve lap trnh STL..

II. Khi ong va ket thuc chng trnh STL..III. Lap bc gia cac trang thai cua chng trnh STLIV.Cau truc cua mot bc trong chng trnh STL..

Chng 4: HNG DAN S DUNG PHAN MEM FXTRN-BEG-E...I. Gii thieu ..II. Giao dien phan mem FXTRN-BEG - E III. Gii thieu Giao dien chng trnh FXTRN-BEG - E IV. Phng phap lap trnh FXTRN-BEG - E .V. Bai tap ng dung phan mem FX-TRN-BEG E

Chng 5: CAC BAI TAP NG DUNG TRONG PLC FXTRN-BEG-E ...I. Cac dang bai tap...

II. Bai giai tham khao cac bai tap trong FXTRN-BEG - E 1. Bai tap A3....2. Bai tap B1,B2....3. Bai tap B3....4. Bai tap B4....5. Bai tap C1,2....6. Bai tap C4....7. Bai tap D1....8. Bai tap D2....9. Bai tap D3....

10. Bai tap D4,5....11. Bai tap D6....12. Bai tap E1....

22356

111111

111213

2828282930

313134353742

4343

46464850525456575961

646770


4/138

13. Bai tap E2....14. Bai tap E3....15. Bai tap E4....16. Bai tap E5....17. Bai tap E6....18. Bai tap F1....19. Bai tap F2....20. Bai tap F3....21. Bai tap F4....22. Bai tap F5....23. Bai tap F6....24. Bai tap F7....

Chng 6: S DUNG PHAN MEM FXGP-WIN E...I. Gii thieu ..

II. Phan mem FXGP-WINEIII. Cac bc lap mot chng trnh mi..IV. Phng phap lap trnh.V. Bai tap ng dung phan mem FXGP-WINE..

Chng 7: LA CHON, LAP AT VA KIEM TRA...BAO TR HE THONG PLC

I. Xem xet s kha thi ...II. Trnh t thiet ke he thong PLC .

III. To chc bo tr phan cng he thong IV. Chay th chng trnh ..V. Lap tai lieu cho he thong .VI. Bao tr he thong PLC..

7274757779

81848891929598

101101

102109109112

121

121121

123124125125


5/138

GIAO TRNH MON HOC

PLCMITSUBISHI

PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS


6/138

Chng I

GII THIEU TONG QUAN VE PLC

I . LCH S RA I VA PHAT TRIEN CUA PLCT ong ngay cang ong vai tro quan trong trong i song va cong nghiep. Ngay

nay, nganh t ong a phat trien en trnh o cao nh nhng tien bo cua ly thuyetieu khien t ong, tien bo cua nhng nganh khac nh ien t, tin hoc Nhieu hethong ieu khien a ra i, nhng phat trien manh va co kha nang phuc vu rong la boieu khien PLC.

Khai niem bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC la y tng cua nhom ky s hang GeneralMotors vao nam 1968, va ho a e ra cac ch tieu ky thuat nham ap ng nhng yeucau ieu khien nh sau :

De lap trnh va thay oi chng trnh ieu khien, s dung thch hp trong cacnha may cong nghiep.

Cau truc dang Module de m rong, de bao tr va sa cha. am bao o tin cay trong moi trng san xuat cua cac nha may cong nghiep. S dung cac linh kien ban dan nen phai co kch thc nho gon hn mach role

ma chc nang van tng ng. Gia ca canh tranh.Nhng ch tieu nay a tao c s quan tam cua nhng ky s thuoc nhieu nganh

nghien cu kha nang ng dung PLC trong cong nghiep. Cac ket qua nghien cu aa ra them mot so cac ch tieu can phai co trong chc nang cua PLC :

a)

Ve phan mem :T cac lenh logic n gian c ho tr them cac lenh ve tac vu nh th, tac vuem. Sau o la cac lenh ve x ly toan hoc, x ly bang d lieu, x ly xung toc ocao, tnh toan so lieu thc 32 bit, x ly thi gian thc, oc ma vach

b) Ve phan cng : Bo nh ln hn. So lng ngo vao, ngo ra nhieu hn. Nhieu loai module chuyen dung hn.en nam 1976 th PLC co kha nang ieu khien cac ngo vao, ngo ra t xa bang

ky thuat truyen thong ( khoang 200 met ).

S gia tang nhng ng dung cua PLC trong cong nghiep a thuc ay cac nha sanxuat hoan chnh ky thuat cua cac ho PLC vi mc o khac nhau ve kha nang toc ox ly va hieu suat.

Cac ho PLC phat trien t loai lam viec oc lap, ch vi 20 ngo vao / ra va dunglng bo nh chng trnh khoang 500 bc, en cac ho PLC co cau truc modulenham lam de dang hn cho viec m rong them chc nang chuyen dung nh :

X ly tn hieu lien tuc.


7/138

ieu khien ong c Servo, ong c bc. Truyen thong. Bo nh m rong.Vi cau truc module cho phep m rong hay nang cap mot he thong ieu khien

PLC vi chi ph va cong sc thap nhat.Rieng nc ta, hang rao thue quan khu vc ang dan dan c loai bo, kinh te

m ca hp tac vi nc ngoai. Trc tnh hnh o, nen cong nghiep se gap khong tkho khan v con kha nhieu day chuyen cong nghe lac hau. Nha nc can phai chutrong en nhng ng dung va phat trien cua t ong trong san xuat cong nghiep,nham nang cao nang suat, chat lng san pham, cung nh gia thanh san pham ha.Mot trong nhng phng an tot nhat va c s dung rong rai ngay nay la thay thenhng cong nghe cu bang nhng he thong ieu khien t ong dung PLC.

II .KHAI QUAT VE BO LAP TRNH PLC

Trong ky thuat t ong, ieu khien c chia lam hai loai : ieu khien bang daynoi, va ieu khien bang bo lap trnh PLC.

1. ieu khien bang day noi :Cac bo ieu khien c goi la bo ieu khien day noi neu cac phan t chuyen

mach cua no c noi vi nhau bang day dan co nh mot cach vnh vien.VD : mach ieu khien sau


8/138

Trong ky hieu tren, o la bo ieu khien bang day noi dung e noi ket cac nutnhan va cac phan t chuyen mach la cac tiep iem vi nhau bang day dan song songhoac noi tiep. Cac cong tac va tiep iem c sap xep vi nhau khi ta a biet ro chcnang ma bo ieu khien can thc hien, tc phai biet ro s o nguyen ly va v tr khitien hanh au day. Mat khac, khi muon thay oi chc nang cua bo ieu khien ta phaithay oi lai cau truc cung nh s o au day. oi vi nhng mach ien ln phc tapth s au day tr nen rat kho khan va de b sai sot. Ngoai ra trong cach dung nay canton nhieu linh kien nh : role trung gian, role thi gian, bo em

2. ieu khien dung PLC :PLC la t viet tat cua Programmable Logical Controller ( chng trnh ieu khien

t ong co lap trnh), chng trnh nay c lu tr trong bo nh ROM va c napvao thong qua may vi tnh ca nhan.

Trong PLC chc nang bo ieu khien can thc hien se c xac nh bi motchng trnh, chng trnh nay c nap vao bo nh PLC. Khi o PLC se thc hien

qua trnh ieu khien da vao chng trnh a c nap san. Cau truc va s o au daycua bo ieu khien khong phu thuoc vao chc nang hay qua trnh hoat ong.Tat ca cac linh kien can thiet cho viec thiet ke mach eu c lap trnh san trong

bo PLC nh : sensor, cong tac, nut nhan, te bao quang ien, va tat ca cac c cau chaphanh nh cuon day, en tn hieu, bo nh th, role trung gian, eu c noi vao PLC.

Neu muon thay oi hay m rong chc nang cua quy trnh cong nghe ta ch canthay oi chng trnh ben trong bo PLC. ieu nay rat tien ch cho cac ky s thiet ke.

3. Nhng u iem ky thuat cua bo ieu khien PLC :Ch tieu so sanh Role Mach so May tnh PLC

Gia thanh Kha thap Thap Cao Thap

Kch thc vat ly Ln Rat gon Kha gon Rat gon

Toc o ieu khien Cham Rat nhanh Kha nhanh Nhanh

Kha nang chong nhieu Rat tot Tot Kha tot Tot

Lap atMat thi gianthiet ke va lapat.

Mat thi giane thiet ke.

Lap trnhphc tap vaton thi gian.

Lap trnh valap at ngian.

Kha nang ieu khien cactac vu phc tap.

Khong co Co Co Co

Thay oi, nang cap vaieu khien.

Rat kho Kho Kha n gian Rat n gian

Cong tac bao tr Kem Kem Kem Tot

Theo bang so sanh ta nhan thay c bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC vi nhng uiem ve phan cng va phan mem co the ap ng c hau het cac yeu cau ch tieu


9/138

tren. Mat khac, PLC co kha nang ket noi mang va ket noi cac thiet b ngoai vi rat caogiup cho viec ieu khien c de dang.

4. Pham vi ng dung PLC :Dung e ieu khien Robot : v du nh gap phoi t bang tai bo qua ban gia cong

cua may CNC, hay ieu khien Robot a vat lieu thiet b vao bang tai, thc hien cacviec ong hop, dan tem nhan

Ngoai ra, PLC co the ng dung e giam sat cac qua trnh trong cac nha may ma,day chuyen lap rap linh kien ien t, day chuyen kiem tra san pham bang cacsensor, cong tac hanh trnh.

ng dung PLC trong cac lnh vc

III . CAU TRUC PHAN CNG PLC HO FX CUA HANG MITSUBISHI

Cau truc cua PLC c phan thanh cac phan nh sau :

1. n v ieu khien trung tam ( CPU : Central Processing Unit )La bo vi x ly thc hien cac lenh trong bo nh chng trnh. Nhap d lieu

ngo vao, x ly chng trnh, nh chng trnh, x ly cac ket qua trung gian va cac ket


10/138

qua nay c truyen trc tiep en c cau chap hanh e thc hien chng trnh xuat dlieu ra cac ngo ra.

2. Bo nh(Memory) :Dung e cha chng trnh so lieu, n v nho nhat la bit. Bo nh la vung nam

gi he ieu hanh va vung nh cua ngi s dung (he ieu hanh la mot phan mem hethong ma no ket noi PLC e PLC thc s hoat ong c).

Co nhieu loai bo nh khac nhau. e PLC co the hoat ong c, can thiet phaico bo nh e lu tr chng trnh. oi khi can m rong bo nh e thc hien cac chcnang khac nh

_ Vung em tam thi lu tr trang thai cua cac kenh xuat - nhap c goi laRAM xuat -nhap.

_ Lu tr tam thi cac trang thai cua cac chc nang ben trong : cac bo nhth(Timer), cac bo em (Counter), cac Rle.

Bo nh gom co cac loai sau ay :

a)Bo nh ch oc (ROM : Read Only Memory)ROM khong phai la bo nh kha bien, no co the lap trnh ch c mot lan. Do o

no khong thch hp cho viec ieu khien mem cua PLC, va no t pho bien so vi cacloai bo nh khac.

b) Bo nh ghi oc (RAM : Random Access Memory)Bo nh cua PLC la CMOSRAM, tieu ton nang lng kha t, va c cap pin d

phong khi mat nguon. Nh o d lieu se khong b mat.c) Bo nh ch oc chng trnh xoa c (EPROM : Erasable Programmable

Read Only Memory)EPROM lu tr d lieu giong nh ROM, tuy nhien noi dung cua no co the c

xoa i neu b anh hng cua tia t ngoai. Khi o phai viet lai chng trnh cho bonh.

d) Bo nh ch oc chng trnh xoa c bang ien (EEPROM : ElectricErasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

Noi dung tren EEPROM co the b xoa va lap trng bang ien, tuy nhien ch giihan mot so lan nhat nh.

3. Cac Module xuat-nhap ( Input Output ) :Khoi xuat nhap ong vai tro la mach giao tiep gia vi mach ien t ben trong

PLC vi mach ngoai. Module nhap nhan tn hieu t sensor va a vao CPU, module

xuat a tn hieu ieu khien t CPU ra c cau chap hanh.Moi hoat ong x ly tn hieu t ben trong PLC co mc ien ap t 5 15 VDC,

trong khi tn hieu ben ngoai co the ln hn nhieu. Ta co nhieu loai ngo ra nh : ngo radung role, ngo ra dung transitor, ngo ra dung triac.


11/138

4. He thong BUS : la he thong tap hp mot so day dan ket noi cac moduletrong PLC goi la BUS, ay la tuyen dung e truyen tn hieu, he thong gomnhieu tn hieu song song.

IV. GII THIEU CAC PLC HO FX FAMILY1. PLC loai FXO & FXOS

ay la loai PLC co kch thc that nho gon, phu hp vi cac ng dung vi solng I/O nho hn 30 cong, vi viec s dung bo nh chng trnh bang EEPROMcho phep d lieu chng trnh c lu lai trong bo nh khi mat nguon ot xuat.Dong FXO c tch hp san ben trong bo em toc o cao va cac bo tao ngat(role trung gian), cho phep x ly tot mot so ng dung phc tap.

Nhc iem cua dong FXO la khong co kha nang m rong so lng I/O cquan ly, khong co kha nang noi mang, khong co kha nang ket noi vi cac modulechuyen dung, thi gian thc hien chng trnh lau.

2. PLC loai FXONFXON s dung cho cac may ieu khien oc lap hay cac he thong nho vi solng I/O co the quan ly nam trong mien 10-128 I/O. FXON thc chat la bcem trung gian gia FXOS vi FXO. PLC FXON co ay u cac ac trng c bancua dong FXOS, ong thi con co kha nang m rong tham gia noi mang.

3. PLC loai FX1SFX1S co kha nang quan ly so lng I/O trong khoang 10-34 I/O. Cung giong nhFXOS, FX1S khong co kha nang m rong he thong. Tuy nhien, FX1S c tangcng them mot so tnh nang ac biet nh: tang cng hieu nang tnh toan, khanang lam viec vi cac au vao ra tng t thong qua cac card chuyen oi, cai

thien tnh nang bo em toc o cao, tang cng 6 au vao x ly, trang b them cacchc nang truyen thong trong mang (gii han so lng tram toi a la 8 tram) haygiao tiep vi cac bo HMI i kem. FX1S thch hp vi cac ng dung trong congnghiep che bien go, ong goi san pham, ieu khien ong c, may moc, hay cac hethong quan ly moi trng.

4. PLC loai FX1Na. Gii thieu:

PLC FX1N thch hp vi cac bai toan ieu khien vi so lng au vao ra trongkhoang 14-60 I/O. Tuy nhien khi s dung cac module vao ra m rong, FX1N cothe tang cng so lng I/O len ti 128 I/O. FX1N c tang kha nang truyenthong, noi mang, cho phep tham gia trong nhieu cau truc mang khac nhau nhEthernet, Profilebus, cc-Link, Canopen, Devicenet FX1N co the lam viec vi cacmodule analog, cac bo ieu khien nhiet o. ac biet, FX1N c tang cng chcnang ieu khien v tr vi 6 bo em toc o cao, hai bo phat xung au ra vi tan soieu khien to a la 100KHz. ieu nay cho phep cac bo ieu khien lap trnh thuocdong FX1N co the cung mot luc ieu khien mot cach oc lap hai ong c servohay tham gia cac bai toan ieu khien v tr.


12/138

b. ac iem:

- C cau may nho gon, chi ph thap, module man hnh va khoi m rong co hethong de dang nang cap.

- Van hanh toc o cao oi vi lenh c ban toc o x ly t 0,55 en 0,7s/lenh,oi vi lenh ng dung toc o x ly t 3,7 en vai tram s/lenh.

- ac tnh ky thuat cua bo nhchat lng va phong phu. Bo nh EEPROM chophep 8000 bc.

- Day thiet b dung cu a nang nh: role phu tr 1536 iem, bo em th 256iem, bo em 235 iem, thanh ghi d lieu 8000 iem.

- Nhng module chc nang at biet: co en hai day m rong cua nhng modulechc nang ac biet co the c them vao cho nhng nhu cau rieng.

- Day m rong t cung cap ien: o bien thien m rong cua s cung cap ienAC co the ap ng s cung cap ien ap t bat ky ni nao tren the gii (100 en240V AC). S cung cap dong ien DC cung c cho phep t 12 en 24 V DC.

- Qua trnh ieu khien c tang, s dung lenh PID cho nhng he thong oi hois ieu khien chnh xac.

- Kha nang ket noi: Viec thc hien hoan chnh cua nhng module ket noi se lamcho thong tin va d lieu c cung cap de dang.

- De dang lap at: s dung thanh DIN hoac khoang trong co san.- ong ho thi gian thc te: S dung tieu chuan ong ho thi gian th te cho

nhng ng dung oc lap ve thi gian.- Phan men c ban: chng trnh se c chay nhanh chong va de dang vi phan

mem GX Developer hoac FX-PCS/WIN-E Software.- Tac vu iem ket noi: Tac vu tai iem ket noi rieng biet khi ket noi mot line, ta

co the lien ket vi d lieu a c cung cap qua he thong.- Bo ien the ke s dung tn hieu Analog: de dang thay oi thiet b nh thi

gian bo ien the ke man hnh pha trc.- V tr va xung chc nang ngo ra:


13/138

PLC co hai ngo ra phat ra xung co tan so 100KHZ cung mot luc.PLC cung cap 7 v tr lenh truyen ke ca quay tr ve iem zero, oc gia tr

dong ien tuyet oi, hoan thanh hoac phat trien s truyen ong.

- Nang cap he thong bang khoi m rong hoac ket noi module: Bang m rong cothe c s dung e ket noi chc nang truyen thong bang cach dung bo ket noi

tng thch RS-232C, RS-485 hoac RS-422 ket hp vi ngo I/O bang tn hieuanalog hoac tn hieu so.

- Ket noi module co the quang sat qua cach sap xep cac bo nh th, bo em,thanh ghi d lieu va co the s dung e ket noi vi cac khoi m rong.

- Mang truyen thong: thong tin a dang va ket noi d lieu co the c thc hienbi s lien ket vi cac khoi m rong hoac cac thiet b tch hp chuyen dung cs dung cho FX2N.


14/138

5. PLC loai FX2Nay la mot trong nhng dong PLC co tnh nang manh nhat trong dong FX. FX2Nc trang b tat ca cac tnh nang cua dong FX1N, nhng toc o x ly c tangcng, thi gian thi hanh cac lenh c ban giam xuong c 0.08s. FX2N thch hpvi cac bai toan ieu khien vi so lng au vao ra khoang 16-128 I/O, trongtrng hp can thiet FX2N co the m rong en 256 I/O. Tuy nhien, trong trnghp m rong so lng I/O len 256, FX2N se lam mat li the ve gia ca va khonggian lap at cua FX2N. Bo nh cua FX2N la 8kstep, bo nh RAM co the m rongen 16kstep cho phep thc hien cac bai toan ieu khien phc tap. Ngoai ra, FX2N

con c trang b cac ham x ly PID vi tnh nang t chnh, cac ham x ly so thccung ong ho thi gian thc tch hp san ben trong. Nhng tnh nang vt troi trencung vi kha nang truyen thong, noi mang noi chung cua dong FX1N a aFX2N len v tr hang au trong dong FX, co the ap ng tot cac oi hoi khat khenhat oi vi cac ng dung s dung trong cac he thong ieu khien cap nho va trungbnh. FX2N thch hp vi cac bai toan ieu khien s dung trong cac day chuyensan xuat, x ly nc thai, cac he thong x ly moi trng, ieu khien cac may det,trong cac day chuyen ong lap rap tau bien.

6. PLC loai FX2NCBo ieu khien lap trnh vi kch thc sieu gon, thch hp cho cac ng dung oihoi cao ve yeu cau tiet kiem khong gian lap at. FX2NC co au u cac tnh nangcua FX2N nhng lai tiet kiem en 27% khong gian s dung. Lnh vc ng dungchu yeu cua FX2NC la dung trong xay dng, trong cac he thong bm hay cac baitoan ieu khien lien quan en moi trng.


15/138

Chng II

CAC THIET B VA LENH C BAN

A. KHAI NIEMI . KHAI NIEM MOT CHNG TRNH

Chng trnh la mot chuoi cac lenh noi tiep nhau c viet theo mot ngon ng maPC co the hieu c. Co 3 dang chng trnh : INSTRUCTION, LADDER, SFC/STL .

_ Instruction : he thong gom nhng dong lenh nhap lien tiep nhau._ Ladder : phng phap xay dng chng trnh dang o hoa dung cac ky

hieu logic dang role._ SFC / STL : chng trnh dang lu o.

Khong phai tat ca cac cong cu lap trnh eu co the lam viec c vi ca 3 dangtren. Noi chung bo lap trnh cam tay ch lam viec c vi dang INSTRUCTION,trong khi hau het cac cong cu lap trnh o hoa se lam viec c vi ca dangINSTRUCTION va LADDER . Cac phan mem chuyen dung se cho phep lam viec vidang SFC.

Dang Instruction Dang Ladder Dang SFC / STL

II . CAC THIET B C BAN DUNG TRONG LAP TRNHCo 6 thiet b c ban dung trong lap trnh. Moi thiet b co cong dung rieng. e de

dang xac nh th moi thiet b c gan cho mot ky t : X : dung ch ngo vao vat ly gan trc tiep vao PC. Y : dung ch ngo ra noi trc tiep t PC. T : dung e xac nh thiet b nh th co trong PC. C : dung e xac nh thiet b em co trong PC. M va S : dung nh la cac c hoat ong ben trong PC.


16/138

Tat ca cac thiet b tren c goi la thiet b Bit , ngha la cac thiet b nay co haitrang thai ON hoac OFF , mc 1 hoac mc 0 ( mc 0 la trang thai tnh mc 1 la trang thai ong).

III . CACH OC LOGIC CUA CHNG TRNH LADDERLogic Ladder rat gan vi logic role c ban. Cac cong tac va cuon day c ket noi

va ieu khien theo nhieu dang mach khac nhau, tuy vay, nguyen tac c ban khong cog khac.

Cuon day co the c dung e ieu khien trc tiep ngo ra t PC ( v du thiet b Y), hoac no co the ieu khien bo nh th, bo em, hoac c ( nh la thiet b T, C, M, S).Moi cuon day gan vi cac cong tac hoac tiep iem, cac cong tac hoac tiep iem nayco the la thng m (NO normal open ) hoac thng ong ( NC normal close).

Thuat ng thng noi en trang thai cac cong tac khi cuon day khong co ien.Neu role c dung va cuon day gia s la OFF, mot cong tac NO se khong co ien,

ngha la tai c noi vi cong tac NO se khong hoat ong, con cong tac NC th codong ien i qua, v vay tai c noi vi cong tac se hoat ong.Khi cuon day c kch hoat th trang thai cua cong tac b ao ngc, ngha la co

dong trong cong tac NO va cong tac NC lai ngan khong cho dong ien i qua.Cac ngo vao vat ly noi en bo ieu khien lap trnh ( thiet b X) khong co cuon day

co the lap trnh. Cac thiet b nay ch co the c dung dang cong tac (nhan tn hieu)ma thoi loai tiep iemNO va NC

Th du :

V co s ket hp vi role, cac chng trnh ladder co the c oc nh dong ieni t trai sang phai. Dong nay phai qua mot loat cac tiep iem nh X0 va X1 e bat

cuon day ngo ra Y0 len ON. Do o, trong v du sau, neu X0 c bat ON th ngo raY0 cung c bat len ON. Tuy nhien, neu cong tac hanh trnh X1 c kch hoat thngo ra Y0 b tat OFF v s noi ket gia cot trai va cot phai b t, ngha la khong codong ien i qua.


17/138

B. CAC TAP LENH C BAN CUA LAP TRNHINSTRUCTION VA LADDER

1 . TAP LENH LOAD va LOAD INVERSE

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

LD

(LoaD)

Co nhiem vu logic khi tao loai

cong tac NO.Noi trc tiep au ben trai cua mach.

X, Y, M, S,

T, C

LDI(LoaD

Inverse)

Co nhiem vu logic khi tao loaicong tac NC.Noi trc tiep au ben trai cua mach.

X, Y, M, S,T, C

Chng trnh v du :

2 . TAP LENH OUT

lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thietb


18/138

OUT(OUT)

-ieu khien cuon day.-Noi trc tiep vao au ben phai cua mach.-Nhieu lenh OUT co the c noi songsong.-Khong the ieu khien thiet b ngo vao loaiX.

Y, M,S, T,

C

3. TAP LENH AND, AND INVERSETen lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

AND(AND)

Noi tiep cac cong tac NO (thngm), co the noi tiep nhieu cong taccung mot luc.

X, Y, M,S, T, C.

ANI(ANd

Inverse)

Noi tiep cac cong tac NC (thngong), co the noi tiep nhieu congtac cung mot luc.

X, Y, M,S, T, C.

Chng trnh v du :

Lu y :

6 Viec them mot cuon day qua mot cong tac th lenh OUT au tien ( OUT Y4)c goi la ngo ra follow-on. Cac ngo ra Follow-on cho phep x ly ngo ra theoung trnh t a ghi.

7

Mac du khong co gii han so cong tac mac song song, nhng mot so bang ieukhien lap trnh, man hnh va may in khong the nao hien th hoac in chng trnh neuno vt qua gii han cua phan cng. Moi dong hay moi nhanh cua chng trnhLadder nen cha toi a 10 cong tac va 1 cuon day. So ngo ra Follow-on nen gii hantoi a la 24.

4. TAP LENH OR , OR INVERSE


19/138

lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

OR(OR)

Noi song song cac cong tac NO(thng m). Toi a la 10 nhanh noi songsong cho 1 cuon day.

X, Y,M, S, T,

C.ORI(OR

Inverse)

Noi song song cac cong tac NC (thngong). Toi a la 10 nhanh noi song songcho 1 cuon day.

X, Y,M, S, T,

C.*Lu y : Mot ben cua lenh OR/ORI luon noi vi au ben trai.Chng trnh v du :

5. TAP LENH OR BLOCK

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thietb

ORB(OR Block)

Noi song song nhieu machcong tac.

Khongco

* ac iem :_ Lenh ORB la lenh oc lap va khong ket hp vi bat ky thiet b nao hay con so

nao.

_ Lenh ORB c dung e noi song song nhieu mach cong tac (cac khoi noi tiep)vi khoi pha trc. Cac khoi noi tiep la cac khoi co nhieu cong tac noi tiep nhau, haydung trong lenh ANB.

_ e khai bao iem bat au cua mot khoi, ta dung lenh LD hay LDI. Sau mot khoinoi tiep, ta noi no vao khoi trc bang lenh ORB.* Lu y :


20/138

1 Dung lenh ORB theo lo khong dung qua 8 lenh LD va LDI nham e tranh loichng trnh.

2 Dung lenh ORB trong mach tuan t khong co gii han so mach mac songsong.

Chng trnh v du :

Lap trnh tuan t Lap trnh theolo

0 LD X 0 0 LD X 01 AND X 1 1 AND X 12 LD X 2 2 LD X 23 AND X 3 3 AND X 34 ORB 4 LDI X 45 LDI X 4 5 AND X 56 AND X 5 6 ORB7 ORB 7 ORB

8 OUT Y 6 8 OUT Y 6

6. TAP LENH AND BLOCK :


ANB(ANd

Block )Noi tiep cac mach

song song.Khong co

Chng trnh v du :

Dung phng phap lap trnh tuan t0 LD X 01 OR X 12 LD X 23 AND X 34 LDI X 45 AND X 5

6

ORB7 OR X 68 ANB9 OR X 310 OUT Y 7

* ac iem :


21/138

_ Lenh ANB la lenh oc lap va khong ket hp vi bat ky thiet b nao hay con sonao.

_ Lenh ANB c dung e noi tiep nhieu mach cong tac (thng la cac khoi songsong) vi khoi pha trc. Cac khoi song song la cac khoi co nhieu cong tac noi songsong nhau, hay dung trong lenh ORB.

_ e khai bao iem bat au cua mot khoi ta dung lenh LD hay LDI. Sau mot khoinoi tiep, ta noi no vao khoi trc bang lenh ANB.

_ Khi dung ANB theo lo, khong dung qua 8 lenh LD va LDI e tranh loi chngtrnh.

_ Lenh ANB co the dung nhieu lan e noi tiep cac mach song song vi khoi trcno.7. TAP LENH MPS, MRD, MPP :


MPS(PointStore)

Lu ket qua hien hanhcua cac tac vu trong PC.

MPS

Khong co

MRD(Read)

oc ket qua hien hanhcua cac tac vu trong PC.

MRD

Khong co

MPP(PoP)

Goi ket qua a lu valoai bo no.

MPP Khong co

* Cach dung cac tap lenh MPS, MRD, MPP :

Khi chng trnh c viet di dang Ladder th tat ca cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPPse t ong c them vao khi thc hien chuyen chng trnh (program conversion)sang dang Instruction . Neu xem chng trnh dang Instruction sau khi chuyen ta sethay co cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP.

Khi chng trnh c viet dang Instruction, ngi s dung phai nhap vao toanbo tat ca cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP.


22/138

* ac iem tap lenh MPS, MRD, MPP:

c dung e noi cac ngo vao ben trai cua cac cuon day vi bat ky ngo vaoben trai cua cong tac nao. Neu khong co tap lenh nay th ta ch co the noi cuon day

vao ben phai cua cong tac cuoi cung.MPS lu lai iem noi cua mach ladder, do o no co the c goi lai nhieu lan

e noi nhieu nhanh cuon day.

MRD co chc nang goi lai hoac oc d lieu cua iem noi a lu trc o va noino vi cong tac tiep theo.

MPP co chc nang goi iem noi a lu (t vung lu tam) ra va loai bo no khicong tac ke tiep noi vao iem nay.

oi vi moi lenh MPS th bat buoc phai co mot lenh MPP tng ng.

Lenh MPP c dung e noi mach cong tac hay cuon day cuoi cung. bat ky bc lap trnh nao, so cap lenh MPS MPP hoat ong khong c

vt qua con so 11.

Cac chng trnh v du :

2 V du 1 :

0 LD X 01 MPS2 LD X 13 OR X 24 ANB5 OUT Y 06 MRD

7 LD X 38 AND X 49 LD X 5

10 AND X 611 ORB

12 ANB

13 OUT Y 114 MPP15 AND X 7

16 OUT Y 217 LD X 1018 OR X 1119 ANB20 OUT Y 3


23/138

* V du 2 :

0 LD X 01 MPS2 AND X 13 MPS4 AND X 25 OUT Y 06 MPP7 AND X 38 OUT Y 19 MPP

10 AND X 411 MPS

12 AND X 513 OUT Y 214 MPP

15 AND X6 16

OUT Y 3

TAP LENH SET va RESET


SETat mot thiet b (bit) lenche o ON vnh vien.

Y, M, S

RESETat mot thiet b (bit)xuong che o OFF vnhvien.

Y, M, S, D,V, Z

* ac iem :

_ SET va RESET co the dung cho cung mot thiet b bao nhieu lan tuy y. Tuynhien trang thai cuoi cung mi la trang thai tac ong.

V du :


24/138

0 LD X 01 SET Y 0

2 LD X1 3

RST Y 04 LD X 2

5 SET M0 6

LD X 37 RST M 0

8 LD X4 9

SET S 010 LD X 5

11 RST S0 12

LD X 6

13 SET D 0

Nhan xet :

Mot khi X0 a bat ON th Y0 hoat ong va duy tr trang thai ON ngay ca khiX1 a tat OFF.

Khi X1 bat ON th Y0 se tat OFF va duy tr trang thai OFF ngay ca sau khi X1t no chuyen thanh OFF.

Qua trnh xay ra tng t cho cac M0, S0, D0.

8. BO NH TH va BO EMa) Dang chung OUT va RESET cua bo nh th va bo em :


OUTieu khien cuon daybo nh th hoac boem.

T, C

RSTat lai gia tr tacong cho bo nh thva bo em.

Y, M, S, D,V, Z

b) Bo nh th (Timer) :


25/138

Ky hieu : TCong dung : dung e nh cac khoang thi gian.Cach anh so: anh so bang ch so thap phan ( v du : T0 ; T1 ; T2 ; )V du cach dung bo nh th :

Hoat ong chung cua bo nh th :Cac bo nh th hoat ong bang cach em cac xung clock (xung 1 ; 10 ; 100 mili

giay). Ngo ra cua bo nh th c kch hoat khi gia tr em c at en gia tr hangso K. Khoang thi gian troi qua c tnh bang cach lay gia tr em c nhan vi ophan giai cua bo nh th.

V du :

Bo nh th loai 10 mili giay em c en gia tr la 567, khi o khoang thigian troi qua c tnh nh sau :

567 x 10 mili giay = 567 x 0,01 giay = 5,67 giay.

Khoang thi gian nh th c at trc tiep thong qua hang so K, hoac gian tiepthong qua thanh ghi d lieu (D). Thng dung thanh ghi d lieu c chot e am baokhong b mat d lieu khi mat ien. Tuy nhien neu ien ap cua nguon pin giam quamc th thi gian nh th co the b sai.

o chnh xac cua bo nh th :o chnh xac cua bo nh th co the b anh hng do cach lap trnh. Co hai trng

hp co the anh hng en o chnh xac cua bo nh th :

* Trng hp 1: Cong tac cua bo nh th atpha sau cuon day kch cua bo nh th.

Sai so nh th ln nhat :

2 x chu ky quet + thi gian bo loc ngo vao

Sai so nh th nho nhat :

Thi gian bo loc ngo vao o phan giai bo nh th

*Trng hp 2

: Cong tac bo nh th c attrc cuon day kch cua bo nh th, khi o sai socua bo nh th se ln hn.

Sai so nh th ln nhat :3 x chu ky quet + thi gian bo loc ngo vao

Sai so nh th nho nhat :


26/138

Thi gian bo loc ngo vao o phan giai bo nh th

Sai so trung bnh cho ca hai trng hp :

1,5 x chu ky quet chng trnh

c) Bo em (Counter) : Ky hieu : C Cong dung : em cac s kien Cach danh so: thap phan Phan loai :Bo em 16 bit.

Bo em 32 bit.Bo em toc o cao.

V du cach dung bo em :

So lng bo em co the dung :Xem cu the loai PLC la loai nao va tra vao bang thong so ky thuat.

d) Cac thong so cho bo nh th va bo em :Khi lenh OUT ap dung cho bo nh th hoac bo em th phai nhap vao mot

hang so. Hang so o bat au bang ky t K.Trong trng hp bo nh th, hang so K ch gia tr khoang thi gian nh th;

ngha la neu bo nh th loai 100 mili giay co hang so K100 se nh th mot khoang

thi gian la : 100 x 100 mili giay = 10 giay trc khi cuon day bo nh th c kchhoat.Khi dung bo em, hang so K xac nh so can em. ( V du : mot bo em vi

hang so K8 se phai c kch 8 lan trc khi cuon day bo em co ien).Bang thong so cua cac loai bo nh th va bo em :

Bo nh th / Bo em Gia tr at hang so K cho phepGia tr thc s cua

hang so K1 mili giay 0.001 32.767 giay10 mili giay 0.01 327.67 giay

Bo nh

th 100 mili giay 0.1 3276.7 giay16 bit 1 32,767 1 32,767

Bo em 32 bit -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647 -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647

9. NGO VAO / RA (Input / Output)a) Ngo vao :


27/138

K hieu : X Cong dung : bieu dien cac ngo vao vat ly tren bo ieu khien. K hieu khac : I/P

InpNgo vao (X)Cong tac ngo vao

Hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO (Normal Open),va thng ong NC (Normal Close)

Cach anh so : dung so bat phan, ngha la X0 X7 ; X10 X17. V du cach dung ngo vao :

b) Ngo ra : K hieu : Y Cong dung : bieu dien cac ngo ra vat ly tren bo ieu khien. K hieu khac : O/P

OtpNgo ra (Y)Cuon day / role / cong tac ngo ra.

Cac hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC va caccuon day ngo ra.

Cach anh so: dung so bat phan, ngha la Y0 Y7 ; Y10 Y17.

V du cach dung ngo ra :

So lng cac ngo vao/ra :

Loai bo ieukhien

So ngo vao toi a So ngo ra toi a Tong so ngo vao/ra

FXO(S)

Phu thuoc vao viec chon Base Unit 30

FXon 84 64 128

FX 128 128 256

FX(2C) 256 ( kha nang nhc tren phan mem)

256 (kha nang nhc tren phan mem)

512 ( tong so nh ctren phan cng haytren phan mem)


28/138

11. ROLE PHU TR (auxiliary relays) K hieu : M Cong dung : C nh trang thai cua bo ieu khien. K hieu khac : Cuon day, role, cong tac, c phu tr.

Cuon day, role, cong tac, c M.Thiet b (bit) M.

Cac hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC va caccuon day ngo ra.

Cach anh so: dung so thap phan, ngha la M0 M9 ; M10 M19. Phan loai : Role phu tr on nh trang thai.

Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi / c chot.Role phu tr chuan oan chuyen dung.

V du cach dung role phu tr :

1. Role phu tr on nh trang thai :Cac PC eu co role phu tr. Cuon day cua cac role nay c ieu khien bi cac

cong tac tng t nh cach ieu khien role ngo ra.Tat ca cac role phu tr eu co mot so cong tac thng m va thng ong noi vi

PC neu can. Lu y cac cong tac nay khong the ieu khien trc tiep tai ngoai, ch corole ngo ra mi co the lam c ieu nay.

2. Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi / c chot :Neu xay ra s co ve ien trong khi PC ang chay th tat ca trang thai cua cac role

ngo ra va cac role cong dung chung eu b RESET (OFF). Khi PC hoat ong tr lai,neu nh ta khong kch lai cac role nay th chung se van gi trang thai OFF .Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi (c chot) la loai role ma trang thai cua chung khongb thay oi khi b mat ien. Trang thai nay c duy tr bi nguon pin ben trong haydung bo nh EEPROM c gan vao PC. Role c chot bi tap lenh SET (hayRESET) dung e duy tr trang thai tam thi cua role.

Dang mach t nh Dang mach c chot


29/138

dang mach t nh, role M507 c duy tr ien nh vao tiep iem t gi cuano. Neu nh X1 la ON th M507 b Reset.

dang mach c chot bi lenh SET, role M507 se khong b Reset khi X1 la ON

ma no se van c duy tr trang thai, no ch b Reset khi X2 la ON. Lu y : cac tai ngoai

Cac role phu tr c dung ket hp vi cac cong tac thng m va thng ong.Cac cong tac nay co the dung tuy y khi lap trnh. Cac cong tac nay khong the dung eieu khien trc tiep cac tai ngoai. Tat ca cac tai ngoai nen c ieu khien thong quaviec dung cac ngo ra trc tiep.

3. Cac role phu tr chuan oan chuyen dung :Mot PC co mot so cac role phu tr chuyen dung. Cac role nay eu co chc nangchuyen biet, ve mat s dung chia lam hai loai sau :

a) Cong tac role phu tr chuyen dung :

Role nay c ieu khien t ong bi PC, ngi s dung khong the canthiep. Cac cong tac nay co the c s dung trong chng trnh e chuan oan mottnh trang nao o.

V du :M8000 : bao RUN ( ON khi PC ang trong trang thai chay chng

trnh).M8002 : xung khi ong (ON khi PC khi ong, PC chuyen t OFF

ON).M8012 : xung clock 100 mili giay.

b) ieu khien nhng cuon day role chuyen dung :Khi ngi s dung SET cac cuon day nay, PC se thc thi mot tac vu chuyen

biet a c xac nh trc.V du :

M8033 : tat ca cac trang thai ngo ra c duy tr khi PC ngng hoatong.

M8034 : tat ca cac ngo ra eu b vo hieu.M8039 : PC hoat ong che o quet thi hang.

12. ROLE TRANG THAI (state relays)

K hieu : S Cong dung : C trang thai trong bo ieu khien. K hieu khac : Cuon day, role, cong tac, c trang thai.

Cuon day, role, cong tac, c S.Cuon day, role, cong tac, c bc STL.C hieu.


30/138

Hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC, cac cuon dayngo ra

Cach anh so: dung so thap phan, ngha la M0 M9 ; M10 M19. Phan loai : Role on nh trang thai chung role trang thai.

Role trang thai co nguon pin nuoi ( c chot )Role bc STLC hieu.

V du cach dung role trang thai :

1. Role trang thai on nh :Cac role nay c ieu khien bi cac cong tac trong PC giong nh viec ieu

khien cac ngo ra. Tat ca cac role trang thai eu co mot so cac cong tac vat ly thngm va thng ong noi vi PC neu can. Cac cong tac nay khong the ieu khien trctiep tai ngoai, ngoai tr cac role ngo ra.

1. Role trang thai co nguon pin nuoi :Neu nguon cap ien b hong khi PC ang hoat ong th tat ca role ngo ra va role

cong dung chung eu b RESET. Tat ca cac role nay se van trang thai OFF neu nhkhong c kch hoat lai trang thai khi PC hoat ong lai, ay goi la role trang thaic chot. Trang thai chot c duy tr bi nguon pin nuoi ben trong hay dung bo nhEEPROM gan vao PC. Hoat ong cua role trang thai c chot nay tng t nh rolephu tr c chot da e cap phan tren.

Lu y : Giong nh role phu tr, role trang thai cung khong the ieu khien trc tiepcac tai ngoai ma phai ieu khien bang role ngo ra trc tiep.

So lng role trang thai :

Loai role trang thai So lng co tren PC Tong so

Role trang thai thng Khong coRole trang thai c chot 128 ( t S0 S127 )

2. Role trang thai bc STL :Cac role trang thai rat quan trong khi lap trnh ieu khien trnh t va c dung

ket hp vi lenh STL.Khi lap trnh STL th tng trang thai co tac vu tng ng se c xac nh trc.Bc trang thai trc o sau khi a chuyen trang thai van duy tr trang thai hoat

ong cho en khi het chu ky quet hien hanh.

13 . XUNG CANH LEN VA XUNG CANH XUONG


31/138


PLS

(PuLSe)

Kch xung khi cocanh tac ong len

Y, M ( Lu y :khong c dung

cuon M chuyendung).

PLF(PuLseFalling)

Kch xung khi cocanh tac ongxuong

Y, M ( Lu y :khong c dungcuon M chuyendung).

Chng trnh v du :

* ac iem :_ Khi lenh PLS c thi hanh, cac thiet b Y, M se hoat ong trong khoang thi

gian mot chu ky sau khi tn hieu ngo vao a bat ON._ Khi lenh PLF c thi hanh, cac thiet b Y, M se hoat ong trong khoang thi

gian mot chu ky sau khi tn hieu ngo vao a tat OFF.

14 . LENH END

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet bEND

(END)Buoc chng trnh ket thuc Khong co


32/138

Khi at lenh END trong chng trnh co tac dung buoc ket thuc qua trnh quetchng trnh hien hanh va tien hanh cap nhat cac ngo vao / ra, cac bo nh th. Thc

hien cap nhat cac ngo vao au chu ky quet va cap nhat cac ngo ra cuoi chu kyquet.Viec quet chng trnh la qua trnh x ly tng lenh trong chng trnh t au en

cuoi. Khoang thi gian nay goi la thi gian quet, phu thuoc vao o dai va s phc tapcua chng trnh. Ngay khi dong quet hien hanh c hoan tat th dong quet tiep theose bat au ngay. Toan bo qua trnh la mot chu ky lien tuc.

Chen lenh END vao gia chng trnh giup tm loi chng trnh v phan sau lenhEND b vo hieu va cach ly khoi vung kiem loi.

15. LENH NO- OPERATION


NOP(No OPeration)

Khong tac vu, haybc rong

Khong co Khong co

* ac iem :Them lenh NOP trong chng trnh nham giam thieu s thay oi so bc chng

trnh khi ta soan thao hoac thay oi chng trnh.Co the thay oi s hoat ong cua mot mach bang cach thay lenh a lap trnh

bang lenh NOP.Thay lenh LD, LDI, ANB, ORB bang lenh NOP co the gay ra loi nhieu ni

trong chng trnh.


33/138

Chng III

LAP TRNH STL

(CHNG TRNH TUAN T )I . KHAI NIEM

Lap trnh STL ( STep Ladder) la mot trong nhng kieu lap trnh c ban co trongtat ca cac ho FX. Lap trnh STL rat n gian va de hieu, cung cap cho ngi s dungmot ky thuat lap trnh manh nhat. S hieu qua cua lap trnh STL la no cho phep ngilap trnh tao ra mot chng trnh thc thi gan giong nh y o cua ngi lap trnh.Chng trnh STL khong hoan toan thay the chng trnh Ladder chuan.

STL the hien mat manh cua no thong qua viec to chc mot chng trnh lnthanh nhng phan t nho hn. Moi phan t nay goi la mot trang thai hoac mot bc.e nhan biet cac trang thai, moi trang thai c gan mot ky hieu xac nh duy nhat.

Moi trang thai hoan toan tach biet vi cac trang thai khac trong chng trnh.Cach tot nhat e hnh dung ieu nay la moi trang thai xem nh la mot chng trnhtach biet va ngi s dung at tng phan chng trnh nay lai vi nhau theo th thoat ong cu no. Ngoai ra cac trang thai nay co the c dung lai nhieu lan va theoth t khac nhau. ieu nay tiet kiem c thi gian lap trnh va han che cac loi laptrnh.

II . KHI ONG VA KET THUC CHNG TRNH STL1. Khi ong chng trnh tuan t:

e bat au mot lap trnh tuan t STL, ta phai bat trang thai khi tao len ON saocho thch hp. Co nhieu phng phap ieu khien trang thai khi tao.

Cac cuon day trang thai khi tao STL co the c kch bang xung, dung lenh SEThay vi lenh OUT. Thong thng ta ch dung lenh SET e chon cac trang thai. Khimot trang thai a c kch hoat th co ngha la no c at len ON ( hnh a).

oi vi mot chng trnh STL c kch hoat khi va cap ien cho bo ieu khien,ta co the dung role phu tr M8002 e ieu khien viec xac lap trang thai khi tao (

hnh b). Khi chng trnh STL a c khi tao, CPU se x ly tat ca lenh ben trongchng trnh STL.


34/138

Hnh a Hnh b

2. Ket thuc chng trnh tuan t:Bang cach at lenh RET (tap lenh RETurn) cau lenh cuoi cung cua trang thai

STL cuoi cung, khi o lenh nay se tra s ieu khien ve cho Ladder . Sau o, machkhi tao a lap trnh se c x ly ung nh phan chng trnh Ladder va khong connam trong pham vi hoat ong trang thai STL cuoi cung.

III . LAP BC GIA CAC TRANG THAIe kch hoat mot trang thai STL, trc tien ngi s dung phai tac ong cuon

day STL. Viec tac ong len cuon day o giong nh cach khi ong mot chng trnhSTL, hay goi la kch trang thai khi tao.

Tuy nhien dung lenh OUT va lenh SET e kch cuon day STL co s khac bietnhau

1. Dung SET e kch cuon day STL :

SET c dung e kch trang thai STL lam cho no hoat ong. Khi trang thaiSTL1 hien hanh kch hoat tiep trang thai STL2 th cuon day cua STL1 b Reset. Nhvay, ch can dung SET kch hoat mot trang thai, cac trang thai ke tiep c kch laimot cach t ong.

Lenh SET c dung e kch mot trang thai nam trong lu trnh STL, cac trangthai co lien ket vi trang thai STL hien hanh.

Lenh SET c dung e kch trang thai STL thap hn trang thai STL hienhanh ngay sau o.

e Reset mot trang thai STL, ta dung lenh RST hoac ZRST ( ZRST : Zone

ReSeT se reset mot chuoi cac ngo ra nam trong lenh nay). Tuy nhien, lenh ZRST chReset c trang thai STL sau khi cac trang thai STL a c thc hien xong het motchu ky cua no. ay cung chnh la mot nhc iem cua lenh ZRST.


35/138

2. Dung lenh OUT e kch cuon day STL :Lenh OUT co tnh nang giong nh lenh SET.Tuy nhien co mot ieu lenh OUT khac lenh SET la lenh OUT co the cho phep

ngi lap trnh c nhay cach khoang, bo qua nhieu trang thai STL.

IV . CAU TRUC CUA MOT BC TRONG STLTrong chng trnh tuan t se co nhieu bc, nhng moi bc a ra can theo ungcau truc cua mot bc nh sau:

1 1. Ch th cua bc thc hien.2 2. Trang thai xay ra trong bc.3 3. ieu kien e chuyen tiep en bc ke.4 4. Bc mi c chuyen en.

V du:


36/138

CHNG IV

HNG DAN S DUNG

PHAN MEM FXTRN-BEG-EI.Gii thieu:

ay la phan mem mo phong cac c cau co trong thc te cua hang MITSUBISHI

ELECTRIC Phan mem FXTRN-BEG-E c ng dung hnh anh cac c cau chaphanh mot cach sinh ong, no giup cho ngi s dung co the co mot cai nhn khai quathn trong i song san xuat thc te.

e dung phan mem FXTRN-BEG-E yeu cau ve cau hnh phan cng:


37/138

- He ieu hanh Microsoft Windows 98, Microsoft Windows 2000,

- CPU Pentium co toc o x ly la 500MHZ tr len.- Bo nh 64 MB.

- Dung lng con trong cua da cng la 150 MB tr len.

- CD_ROM oc can co cho viec cai at.

- Display XGA 1,024 x 768 hoac cao hn.

- Yeu cau ve Card man hnh VRAM t 4MB tr len.

*Thc hien cai at:a.at a chng trnhFX_TRN_BEG_E vao o CD_ROM.b.Tai STARTMy Computerchon o a CD_ROM.

Chu y: Co ba loai bieu tng Setup va hay chon bieu tng co hnh dang nhtren.

c.Sau khi nhap double vao bieu tng Setup: se xuat hien ca so Welcome


38/138

- Kch Next e tiep tuc viec cai at, sau khi oc va hieu cac phan hng dan tren.- Kch Cancel e huy bo viec cai at.d.Khi kch Next phan tren man hnh se xuat hien ca so ChooseDestinationLocation:

Tai ay ca so nay cho phep la chon ng dan cho chng trnh bang cach

click vao Sau o go vao ng dan mi.- Click vao Next e tiep tuc viec cai at chng trnh.


39/138

- Click vao Back e quay lai ca so trc o.- Click vao Canel e huy bo viec cai at.

e.Khi click vao Next ca so Chose Detination Location ,sau oxuat hien caso Select Program Folder

Program Folders : Th muc cua chng trnh co ten la MELSOFT FX

TRAINER.

Existing Folders : Th muc hien co trong chng trnh may tnh la MELSOFT

FX TRAINER.- Click vao Next e tiep tuc viec cai at chng trnh.- Click vao Back e quay lai ca so trc o.- Click vao Canel e huy bo viec cai at.

f. Khi click Next tai ca so Select Program Folder th viec cai at bat au.

*Khi dong phan mem lap trnh mo phong FXTRN-BEG-E

Chon StartProgram(hoac All Program)MELSOFT FX

TRAINERFXTRN-BEG-E (double click).


40/138

II.Giao dien:

Khi khi tao chng trnh se xuat hien ca so User login

- User name: go vao ten ang ky s dung cho chng trnh khong qua 32 ky t.

- Password : go vao khau lenh cho chng trnh a ang ky khong qua 8 ky t.

Sau o click vao Start e xuat hien ca so giao dien.


41/138

III.Gii thieu c ban ve giao dien mot chng trnh FXTRN-BEG-E:

1.Giao dien:Giao dien cua chng trnh mo phong FXTRN-BEG-E la giao dien co cac chc nanglinh hoat trong c cau chuyen cung nh viec van hanh ieu khien .


42/138

Chu thch:Edit Ladder : Chuyen sang che o lap trnh ,luc nay bo ieu khien che o

PROGRAM.

Reset : Khi tao lai trang thai ban au cua chng trnh.

Write to PLC : Nap chng trnh vao bo PLC, luc nay bo ieu khien che o RUN.

F (Front view ): Chc nang chieu mat cua c cau hnh the.

S ( Side view ): Tong quan ve hnh the trang thai 3D.

T (Top view ) : Chc nang chieu bang cua c cau hnh the.

Main : Tr ve ca so chnh cua FX_TRN_BEG_E.

: Khi Ckick vao hai nut nay no se di chuyen ti hoac lui trong bang hngdan.


43/138

2.Bo lap trnh PLC mo phong :Cac ky hieu cua PLC ve cac ngo I/O c the hien qua c cau sau :

IV. Phng phap lap trnh FXTRN-BEG-E:1.S dung phan mem mo phong PLC:


44/138

a. Giao dien lap trnh Ladder:

b.Phng phap s dung:1 Thiet lap mot chng trnh mi : Chon Project New project .Luc mot chng

trnh a c thiet lap tren FXTRN-BEG-E. Man hnh lap trnh cho phep ngi sdung viet chng trnh.

2 Lu chng trnh :


45/138

Chon Project Save .Luc nay se xuat hien ca so Save as

Go vao ten chng trnh Go vao ten loai chng trnh

Lu chng trnh vi mot ten khac : Chon Project Save as1 Mi mot chng trnh : Chon Project Open . Sau o xuat hien ca so Open

Project.


46/138

c. Nap chng trnh PLC:

Co the click vao Write to PLC tren bangieu khien t xa ( Ngi tr ly hng dan) .

Hoac co the chon OnlineWrite to PLC.2. Phng phap lap trnh:a.Tiep iem thng m:

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F5 .Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter

symbolb.Tiep iem thng ong:

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm Shift+F5 . Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter

symbol


47/138

c.Tiep ie m thng m song song:

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F6 .Sau o xuat hien ca so

Dang tiep iem song song :

d.Tiep ie m thng ong dang song song:

Kch vao bieu tng h oac nhan phm Shift+F6 .Sau o xuat hien ca so


48/138

Dang tiep iem thng ong song song:

e. Cuon day:( bao gom Y,T,C,M,S) kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F7 .Sauo xuat hien ca so

Cac dang cuon day:

1 Cuon day Y:

2 Cuon day Timer (T):

3 Cuon day Counter (C):

4 Relay phu tr M:

5 Relay trang thai S: (c hieu)

f. Cung cap ham truyen at:


49/138

Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F8 .Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter symbol

Cac ham truyen a c gii thieu chng III.

3.X ly tra ng thai mach:1 Mach thang:Kch vao hoac nhan phm F9 va nhan ENTER ( ).

2 .Mach re nhanh :Kch vao hoac nhan phm Shift+F9 va nhan ENTER ( ).

3 Xoa mach thang:Nhan Ctrl + F9, at con tro tai v tr muon xoa.

4 Xoa mach vuong goc:Nhan ctrl + F10, at con tro ben phai v tr muon xoa.

4. X ly trong FXTRN-BEG-E:a. Khai bao cac I/O:

Chon Edit

I/O list. Tai ay co the xem cac khai bao trong chng trnh mophong.

b.ieu chnh toc o trong mo hnh:Chon ToolsOption.


50/138

*Simulation speed adjustment : ieu chnh toc o hoat ong cho cac co cau trong mohnh mo phong.Chon OK.

c.Thoat chng trnh:Chon FileExit.


51/138

Trng HCN TP.HCM GIAO TRNHPLCTrung Tam CONG NGHE IEN Mitsubishi

BO MON T ONG 1

CHNG V

CAC BAI TAP NG DUNG TRONGPLC FXTRN-BEG-EI. CAC DANG BAI TAPA. Gii thieu ve ho lap trnh FX (Learn the FX series PLC ) :

Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khienA-1

Gii thieu vecac loai PLC FXCac ng dung cua phanmemmo phong qua cac ngoI/O

1 ieu khien ca

A-2 ng dung vechung loai PLC FX

Gii thieu cac ho PLC FX 1 ieu khien ca

A-3 Cach thcthiet lap motchng trnh

ng dung cho ngi mibat au lap trnh PLC

1 ieu khien bang tai

B. S dung cac ngo ieu khien (Let`s study the Basics):

Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khienB-1 Cac ngo I/Oc ban trongchng trnh

Tm hieu ve cac ngo I/Otrong chng trnh

1 ieu khien en

B-2 Mot chng

trnh c ban

Tm hieu ve ngo ra va

ham lenh SET- RST

1 ieu khien en

B-3 Chng trnhieu khien thiet lapbang thi gian

Tm hieu ve dang chngtrnh nhanh

1 ieu khien en giaothong vi hai en n

B-4 Tm hieu vecac k hieu ngo vao

Tm hieu ve cac he thongcam bien va c cau hoatong cua cac day truyenn gian



52/138


BO MON T ONG 2

C. Dang lap trnh c ban (Easy dose it !):

Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khienC-1 Van hanh ccau bang timer cban

Tm hieu ve timer ondelay

1 ieu khien ca

C-2 ng dungtimer trong chngtrnh 1

Tm hieu ve timer offdelay va cach dung thigian theo doi

1 ieu khien ca

C-3 ng dungtimer trong chngtrnh 2

S chuyen oi thi giantrong timer

2 ieu khien en giaothong vi hai en n

C-4 Chng trnhcouter c ban

Tm hieu ve hoat ongem cua couter


D. Bat au vi phan lap trnh c ban( Begginer Challenge ):

Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khienD-1 Thanh phanphuc vu ng dung

trong lap trnh

Tm hieu ve s ieukhien t ong trong nha

hang

1 ieu khien khu vcphuc vu trong nha

hang

D-2 Che o hoatong cua cam bienquang

Kha nang nhan biet cuacam bien quang

1 ieu khien en tia

D-3 ieu khienmach en giaothong

ieu khien mach engiao thong bang timertheo chu ky

1 ieu khien en giaothong vi ba en n

D-4 Bo phan nhanbiet kch c (I) Kha nang nhan biet cuasensor kch c 1 ieu khien bang tai varobot cung cap sanpham

D-5 Tat va mbang tai

tat va m bang tai trongmot c cau san xuat


D-6 Hoat ongcua bang tai

ieu khien bang taithong qua cac sensor dlieu



53/138


BO MON T ONG 3

E. Thc hien chng trnh vi mc trung bnh ( IntermediateChallenge ):

Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khienE-1 Nut nhan n ieu khien en giaothong bang nut nhan

2 ieu khien en giaothong vi ba en n

E-2 S nhan bietcua sensor kchc(II)

Kha nang nhan biet kchthc cua cac sensortrong moi bo phan

2 ieu khien bangtruyen re nhanh

E-3 Bo phan tachri

S chuyen ong cua canhtay robot thong qua ham

truyen

2 ieu khien bang taiva robot

E-4 May khoan ieu khien may khoan vacac thiet b khac trong ccau

2 ieu khien bang tai,may khoan va robotcung cap san pham

E-5 ieu khien bophan cung cap

ieu khien s hoat ongcua cac bo phan cung cap


E-6 ieu khienbang tai

ieu khien chuyen ongbang tai ti hoac lui


F. Thc hien chng trnh vi mc o kho (Advanced Challenge ) :Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khienF-1 ieu khienca t ong

Van hanh ca t ongong/m

3 ieu khien ca

F-2 Chuyen ongv tr trong c cau

ieu khien cac san phami qua cac khu vc cho

phep thong qua cacsensor

3 ieu khien cac c caudng

F-3 Bo phan phanphoi san pham

Phan phoi cac dang sanpham tuy theo kch thc

3 ieu khien bang taiva pittong

F-4 Bo phan nhanbiet s sai lechtrong day truyen

Kha nang nhan biet sanpham tot/xau trong daytruyen thong qua cambien


F-5 ieu khienchuyen ong quaythuan/nghch

Chuyen ong cua bangtai ti hoac lui



54/138


BO MON T ONG 4

F-6 ieu khienthang may

S dung thang may 3 cap 3 ieu khien bang taiva thang may

F-7 Kha nangnhan biet va cungcap san pham cuasensor

Nhan biet san phamthong qua sensor 4 ieu khien trang thaihoat ong cua canhtay robot On/Off

II. BAI GIAI THAM KHAO CAC BAI TAP MO HNH TRONG FXTRN-BEG-E1. BAI TAP A3 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI

a/. Giao dien mo hnh


55/138


BO MON T ONG 5

b/. Bang Thiet b can dung (device Assignment)

Ngo thiet b K hieu ngo I/O Ten thiet b Chc nangInput X024 Cong tac Khi ong va dng he thong

Input X000 Cam bien Nhan hang tai pitong

Output Y000ong c ieu khien canh

tay robotieu khien bo phan cung caphang

Output Y001 ong c keo bang tai ON khi he thong lam viec

Output Y020 en oSang khi he thong ngnghoat ong

Output Y023 en xanhSang khi he thong ang lamviec

c/. Nguyen ly hoat ong:

Khi he thong ang ngng hoat ong th en o Y020 sang. Khi bat cong tac X024 th

cuon day Y00 va Y001 co ien va t duy tr v luc trc o cam bien X000 la thng ong .Canh tay robot bat au cap hang len bang tai va bang tai quay thuan a hang ve cuoi hanh

trnh. Luc nay cuon day cong tac t Y002 cung cha co ien bi v c mac noi tiep vi tiep

iem thng m cua cam bien X000. Khi hang ti trc cam bien th lap tc cam bien nay oi

trang thai m tiep iem thng ong ngat ien cua hai cuon day Y000 va Y001 e ong c

keo bang tai ngng lai va canh tay robot tr ve trang thai ban au. ong thi ong tiep iem

thng m cap ien cho cuon day Y002 ieu khien pitong ay hang ve ni quy nh. Khi hang

va c ay xuong th cam bien oi trang thai ngat ien cuon day Y002 ong thi ong ien

cho Y000 va Y001 e canh tay robot tiep tuc cap hang va bang tai tiep tuc hoat ong theo

hanh trnh trc. Trong luc ang hoat ong en xanh Y023 sang.

Khi muon dng ta ch viec bat cong tac X024 lap tc canh tay robot tr ve trang thai

ban au. Neu con hang tren bang tai th day chuyen van hoat ong e khi hang ve het hanh

trnh th he thong mi ngng hoat ong va en oY20 sang bao day chuyen a ngng hoat

ong.


56/138


BO MON T ONG 6

d/. S o mach ien

2. BAI TAP B1 , B2 : IEU KHIEN ENa/. Giao dien mo hnh


57/138


BO MON T ONG 7

Hay liet ke va mo ta nguyen tac hoat ong cua cac thiet b , lap bang trang thai . Dung ngon

ng ladder viet chng trnh ieu khien , nap chng trnh vao PLC , cho mo hnh van hanh.

Bang Thiet b can dung (device Assignment)

LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONGX20 Nut ieu khien en

xanhX21 Nut ieu khien en oX22 Nut ieu khien en o

NGOVAO

X24Nut ieu khien en o ON khi hang chuyen en quet ngang

bang tai dng.Y0 en van hanh en xanh sang khi Y0 len mc onY1 en bao dng en vang sang khi Y1 len mc on

NGORA

Y2 en bao loi en o sang khi Y2 len mc onBAI TAP B3 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI HAI EN N


58/138


BO MON T ONG 8




LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONGX20 Nut nhan K en oX24 Cong tac K en oX21 Nut nhan K en xanh

NGOVAO

X25 Cong tac K en xanh

Y0 en tn hieu o en o sang khi Y0 len mc ONNGORA Y1 en tn hieu xanh en xanh sang khi Y1 len mc ON

BAI TAP B4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI


59/138


BO MON T ONG 9




LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONGX00X03X20

NGOVAO

X25

Y0Y1Y2Y3

NGORA

Y5BAI TAP C1, C2 : IEU KHIEN CA


60/138


BO MON T ONG 10





NGOVAO

X24

Y0Y1Y5Y6

NGORA

Y7BAI TAP C4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI


61/138


BO MON T ONG 11





NGOVAO

X24

Y0Y1Y3Y4

NGORA

Y5BAI TAP D1: IEU KHIEN KHU VC PHUC VU TRONG NHA HANG


62/138


BO MON T ONG 12





NGOVAO

X21

Y0NGORA Y1

BAI TAP D2 : IEU KHIEN EN TIA


63/138


64/138


BO MON T ONG 14




LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONGX24NGO

VAO X25Y0Y1

Y2Y20Y21

NGORA

Y23

BAI TAP D4, D5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM


65/138


BO MON T ONG 15




LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONGX00X01X02X04

X05

NGOVAO

X20Y03NGO

RA Y05

BAI TAP D6 : IEU KHIEN KHI ONG VA DNG BANG TAI


66/138


BO MON T ONG 16

Hay liet ke va mo ta nguyen tac hoat ong cua cac thiet b , lap bang trang thai . Dung ngonng ladder viet chng trnh ieu khien , nap chng trnh vao PLC , cho mo hnh van hanh.


LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONG

NGOVAO

NGORA

BAI TAP E1 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI BA EN N DUNG NUTNHAN


67/138


BO MON T ONG 17




NGOVAO

NGORA

BAI TAP E2 : IEU KHIEN BANG TRUYEN RE NHANH


68/138


BO MON T ONG 18




NGOVAO

NGORA

Chng trnh ladder bai tap E2


69/138


BO MON T ONG 19

BAI TAP E3 :IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT


70/138


BO MON T ONG 20




NGOVAO

NGORA


71/138


BO MON T ONG 21


BAI TAP E4 :IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT


72/138


BO MON T ONG 22




NGOVAO

NGORA



73/138


BO MON T ONG 23

BAI TAP E5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM


74/138


BO MON T ONG 24




NGOVAO

NGORA


75/138


BO MON T ONG 25


BAI TAP E6 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM


76/138


BO MON T ONG 26




NGOVAO

NGORA


77/138


BO MON T ONG 27


BAI TAP F1 : IEU KHIEN CA


78/138


BO MON T ONG 28




NGOVAO

NGORA

BAI TAP F2 : IEU KHIEN CAC C CAU DNG


79/138


BO MON T ONG 29




NGOVAO

NGORA

BAI TAP F3 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA PITTONG


80/138


BO MON T ONG 30




NGOVAO

NGORA


81/138


BO MON T ONG 31

Chng trnh ladder bai tap F3


82/138


BO MON T ONG 32


83/138


BO MON T ONG 33

BAI TAP F4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT




NGOVAO

NGORA


84/138


BO MON T ONG 34

BAI TAP F5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT




NGOVAO

NGORA


85/138


BO MON T ONG 35



86/138


BO MON T ONG 36


87/138


BO MON T ONG 37

BAI TAP F6 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA THANG MAY




NGOVAO

NGORA


88/138


BO MON T ONG 38



89/138


BO MON T ONG 39


90/138


BO MON T ONG 40

BAI TAP F7 : IEU KHIEN HOAT ONG CUA CANH TAY ROBOT


91/138


BO MON T ONG 41




NGOVAO

NGORA



92/138


BO MON T ONG 42


93/138


BO MON T ONG 43

V du 1: CHNG TRNH MO PHONG E-5I. Cac thiet b c s dung trong chng trnh E-5:


94/138


BO MON T ONG 44

Canh tay robot co nhiem vu cung cap thung cacton cho bang taiBang tai co nhiem vu di chuyen theo chieu t trai sang phai .Bo phan cung cap cam.

II.Nguyen ly hoat ong :Khi bat cong tac X24 th bang tai hoat ong Y1 che o ON ( luc nay canh tay robot

cha cung cap thung cacton bi v Y0 che o OFF ). Sau khi kch xung X20 , luc nay canhtay Robot se cung cap thung cacton cho bang tai . bang tai di chuyen mang theo thung cacton ,khi thung cacton en gan bo phan cung cap cam th sensor X1 se hoat ong e tac ong Y1chuyen t trang thai On sang Off . Tiep theo bo phan cung cap cam se hoat ong thong quacam bien


95/138


BO MON T ONG 45

X2 . Khi thung cacton a co 5 qua cam ( do bo em counter thiet lap ) th bo counter se thongbao cho timer T0 hoat ong e cho bang tai mang thung cacton cha cam en kho cat gia .

Khi thung cam i qua cuoi bang ( Tai ay co lap at sensor X5 ) th luc nay canh tay Robot sec kch hoat thong cam bien X5 va relay phu tr M7 .

Bang thiet b :

Ngo thietb

Ten thiet b K hieungo I/O

Chc nang

INPUT iem bat au cua canhtay robot

X000 ON khi robot tai v tr bat au

INPUT Cam bien nhan biet hopcactong tren bang tai

X001 On khi thung cactong pha di bophan cung cap cam

INPUT Cam bien cung cap cam X002 On khi bo counter em

INPUT Cam bien trang thai X005 On khi thung cactong i qua e tr vetrang thai khi tao ban au

OUTPUT Bo phan cung cap thungcactong thong qua canhtay robot

Y000 ieu khien bo phan cung cap thungcactong cho bang tai

OUTPUT Bang tai chuyen ongtheo chieu t trai sangphai

Y001 Bang tai chuyen ong khi Y1 che oON

OUTPUT Bo phan cung cap cam Y002 Khi Y2 che o ON th cac qua camc cung cap cho thung cactong

III.Chng trnh ieu khien :

1) Chng trnh ieu khien c cau hoat ong h :


96/138


BO MON T ONG 46

2) Chng trnh ieu khien c cau dang xung :a) Chng trnh 1:


97/138


BO MON T ONG 47

b) Chng trnh 2:


98/138


BO MON T ONG 48


99/138


BO MON T ONG 49

Cac chng trnh ieu khien 1 va 2 co che o hoat ong luan phien theo t chuky,thong qua viec s dung sensor X5 lam moc khi tao trang thai ban au.Viec s dung mot

chng trnh t ong se lam cong viec tr nen n gian hn va hieu qua hn trong cong tacvan hanh c cau trong mot day chuyen san xuat phc tap .

IV. Cac ham lenh c s dung trong chng trnh ieu khien :1. Ham LD, LDP : dung tao trang thai kch hoat cho c cau thong qua X20 .2. Ham AND ,ANI,: dung lam cac tiep iem trang thai cho cac sensor , bang tai ,

counter , canh tay Robot, relay trang thai M.3. Ham OR ,ORI : dung lam cac tiep iem trang thai cho cac sensor , bang tai , counter ,

canh tay Robot, relay trang thai M.4. Ham SET , RST : dung lam trang thai khi tao cho Counter va c cau thong qua relay

trang thai M9.5. Ham PLS : dung lam trang thai khi tao chng trnh thong qua Y006. (Chung ta cung

co the dung kenh PLF e khi tao chng trnh ieu khien ).6. Ham MRD :dung tao cac nhanh cho mach ien bac thang .

ieu khien c cau : Sau khi nap chng trnh [Write to PLC ]. Luc nay bo plc se chuye t trang thai OFF sang RUN . Bat cong tac X24 , e cho bang tai hoat ong ( luc nay ch co duy nhat bang

tai hoat ong trong c cau ). Nhan nut nhan X20 e cho c cau hoat ong . (Canh tay Robot se cung capthung cha cam ).

Cac thiet b : Canh tay Robot :

Nhiem vu chnh cua canhtay Robot la cung capthung cactong cho daychuyen .Canh tay robothoat ong khi no v triem bat au nh hnh.

Bang tai :Nhiem vu cua bang tai la van chuyenthung cactong rong en bo phan cung capcam va van chyen thung cha cam enni lu tr .


100/138


BO MON T ONG 50

Bo phan cung cap cam :Nhiem vu chnh cua bo phan nay la cung cap cam cho thungcactong pha di thanh trt cung cap cam .

Cam bien nhan biet : ( cam bien hong ngoai )Sensor X5 co nhiem vu nhan biet thung cha cam i qua , bangcach nhan ng vien pha hong cua thung cha cam .

Cam bien nhan biet thung cactong khi thung en gan bo phancung cap cam la sensor X1.Cam bien ieu khien qua trnh cung cap cam la sensor X2.

V du 2 : MACH EN GIAO THONG HAI CHE OMach en giao thong la yeu cau thiet yeu cho phan thc hanh ieu khien ng dung dung boieu khien lap trnh PLC . Mach en giao thong co the c thiet lap bang cau lenh tuan thoac ngau nhien .I.Nguyen ly hoat ong :

1. bang trang thai hoat ong :Che o 1:

TH T XANH 1 VANG 1 O 1 XANH 2 VANG 2 O 21 1 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 0 0 0 13 0 0 1 1 0 04 0 0 1 0 1 05 1 0 0 0 0 1

Che o 2:


101/138


BO MON T ONG 51

TH T XANH 1 VANG 1 O 1 XANH 2 VANG 2 O 2

1 0 1 0 0 1 02 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 1 0 0 1 0

2. Bieu o trang thai :

CHE O 1:XANH 1

VANG 1

O 1

XANH 2

VANG 2

O 2

CHE O 2:

VANG 1

VANG 2

II.Chng trnh ieu khien :


102/138


BO MON T ONG 52

1. Chng trnh ieu khien tuan t :


103/138


BO MON T ONG 53


104/138


BO MON T ONG 54

2. Chng trnh ieu khien ngau nhien:

K10

K10

K40

K30

K40

Y1

Y6

Y2

Y5

T1

X1

X0

X0

X0

T2 T0 T0

T2 T0

T4

T4

T4

T5

T5

T4

T2

T3 K30

Y7

Y0

T1

T0

T3

T0

T1

T0

T2X0


105/138


BO MON T ONG 55

chng VI

LA CHON, LAP AT, KIEM TRAVA BAO TR HE THONG PLC

I. Xem xet s kha thi :Trong trng hp nao o viec xem xet ve s kha thi la yeu cau khong the thieu trong mot

quyet nh hay mot giai phap ieu khien. Pham vi cua lnh vc nay co the thay oi ratnhieu, t viec n gian la ac ta tnh kha thi cua yeu cau cho en viec phan tch toan dienmoi trng hp. Viec nghien cu tnh kha thi bao gom nhng lnh vc sau:

- tnh kha thi ve kinh te- tnh kha thi ve ky thuat- s la chon cac phng an : nghien cu anh gia cac phng an e a ra phng an

toi u.II. Trnh t thiet ke he thong PLC:

V PLC c thiet ke dang modun nen gan nh viec thiet ke va cai at phan cng, phan memc thc hien ong thi nhng oc lap vi nhau. Viec thc hien nh vay co u iem la tietkiem thi gian va he thong linh hoat bat chat chc nang cua he thong.

1. Chon PLC :Hien nay tren th trng co rat nhieu loai PLC vi cac tnh nang ngay cang c tang

cng nham cai thien hieu suat va chat lng. Tuy nhien, hau het PLC cung c th co cacchc nang ieu khien tng ng nhau. iem khac nhau quan trong nhat la ngon ng laptrnh, cung vi cac mc o ve s ho tr cua nha san xuat. S ho tr t nha san xuat la yeu toquan trong khi thc hien thiet ke mot he thong ieu khien t ong.

Viec chon PLC cua hang nao la do s quen dung oi vi PLC o va he thong ieu khiennoi chung. oi vi nhng ngi co kinh nghiem trong viec thiet ke va lap at he thong ieukhien, van e quan trong la s vt troi ve ky thuat va hieu suat. oi vi nhng ngi cha cokinh nghiem nhieu ve PLC va khong nam vng ve th trng PLC th can xem xet nhng vane sau ay :

-

ngi dung co nhan c s ho tr trong cong viec thiet ke?- T le ve th trng va lnh vc ng dung cua nha san xuat.- Nha san xuat co to chc cac khoa huan luyen ve he thong PLC ang s dung?- So tay va tai lieu hien co vi ngon ng oc c.- Kha nang tng thch gia cac he thong tng ng hoac loai PLC khac cua cung

nha san xuat.- Phng phap lap trnh co thch hp vi cac ieu khien ng dung.

2. Loai va c PLC:S lu chon nay co the thc hien cung vi viec la chon nha san xuat PLC. Quy mo cua

he thong co mot so iem can xem xet:

- Yeu cau ngo vao ra can thiet


106/138


BO MON T ONG 56

- Loai ngo vao/ra.-

Dung lng bo nh.- Toc do va kha nang cua CPU va tap lenh.3. So lng ngo vao ra:So lng ngo vao ra cua PLC phai co kha nang ap ng u so ng tn hieu t cam bien

cung nh ng ieu khien phan cong suat do c cau tac ong. Cac tn hieu khong nhng tuantheo cac ch tieu ky thuat cua he thong nh la mc ien ap, dong tai, tan so ap ng ma conquan tam en cac iem sau:

- So lng va ngo vao ra tren moi modun(hay tren PLC neu cac ngo vao ra co santren PLC) .

- S cach ly gia bo ieu khien va phan cong suat ieu khien c cau tac ong.- Nhu cau ve ngo vao ra s ly toc o cao, ieu khien au ra t xa, hay cac chc nang

chuyen dung khac.- Nhu cau m rong them kha nang m rong va lap at them ngo vao ra.- Nguon cap ien cho cac ngo vao ra, ngh la nhu cau co modun PSU (Power Source

Unitl) cung cap cho mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong

4. Dung lng bo nh:oi vi PLC co kha nang m rong bo nh th dung lng bo nh co the c m rong

bang cach gan them hop bo nh (memory cassette). Dung lng bo nh phu thuoc vao solng ngo vao ra s dung tren he thong. Mot chng trnh ieu khien phc tap, dung nhieulogic khoa lan hay cac chng trnh trnh t hien nhien can nhieu bo nh hn la chng trnhn gian.

BO NH CAN THIET = BO NH NGO VAO RA + BO NH CHNG TRNH + BONH LU D LIEU CHO CAC LENH CHUYEN DUNG + KHOANG DUNG LNGCAN THIET CHO M RONG VA HIEU CHNH CHNG TRNH SAU NAY.

5. Tap lenh CPU:Moi PLC eu phai co tap lenh e phuc vu cho viec lap trnh giai quyet cac nhiem vu ieu

khien. Tat ca cac PLC eu co the hieu c lenh ieu khien logic, ieu khien trnh t skhac nhau noi bat la kha nang s ly d lieu, nhng chc nang chuyen dung va truyen thong.PLC loai ln co tap lenh manh hn cac PLC nho hn. Tuy nhien ta nen xem xet ky kha nangcua PLC loai nho va trung bnh thng co the cung co cac chc nang chuyen dung rat tot nhchc nang ieu khien PID.

cac PLC dang modun co the la chon c modun CPU vi cac mc o va toc o vakha nang s ly. Khi so lng va kha nang s ly tang, yeu cau ve toc o CPU cung tang, v khio CPU phai x ly nhieu lenh hn trong mot chu ky quet cua PLC. ieu o co the oi hoiphai dung CPU manh hn neu thi gian quet khong ap ng c nhu cau.


107/138


BO MON T ONG 57

e co the la chon c mot he thong ap ng c nhu cau ieu khien, viec thiet kephan cng va phan mem co the c thc hien oc lap.

III.To chc bo tr phan cng he thong:Khi xac nh c phan cng thch hp, chung ta phai xem xet en van e bo tr no nh

the nao tren he thong. Cong viec nay n gian la viec xac nh v tr tng modul: CPU, modulm rong, modul chc nang chuyen dung c lap tren thanh ray.

Viec lap at thong bieu dien bang s o vi chi tiet ve v tr, loai modul, mc tn hieu vav tr trong bo nh

PSU

240VAC

MainCPU

240V8 NgoDigital

..0-10V2 kenhAnalog

24V16 ngoDigital

24V8 ngoDigital

0-10V4 kenhAnalog

Ngo ra Ngo vao

Bo tr cac PLC dang modul

1. Bo tr trong tu ien:Co the co nhieu cach bo tr tu ien PLC, phu thuoc vao so lng va loai thiet b s dung

va kch thc vat ly cua tu ien. Ngi ta thng gan PLC vao v tr thuan tien cho thao tac,cho phep:

- Chen vao va them modul- Noi cac panen lap trnh- De dang thao tac noi day pha trc va pha sau panen- Quan sat de dang cac en ch bao

e giam bt anh hng cua nhieu, thanh gan PLC thng at cach xa toi thieu 80 100mm; khoang cach nay nham tao s thong thoang cho cac modul gan tren thanh.

2. Ket noi day:Cong viec thiet ke phan cng se da vao s o bo tr va chi tiet cac modul e trien khai s

o noi day cho viec lap at thanh va noi cap vi cac thiet b cua nha may. Nhiem vu thiet keve ien bao gom hoach nh ng noi cap, chi tiet bo tr thanh, nguon cap ien va ong daycho modul truyen thong. ng i cua cap phai c xem xet e tranh nhieu, cac cap co lienhe vi nhau c nhom chung lai vi nhau va c tach biet vi cac nhom khac.


108/138


BO MON T ONG 58

Viec thiet ke nen dung cap co boc che chan e noi vi cac ngo vao/ra cua PLC. Khi noicap dai, cac ng tn hieu vao va ra nen tach rieng tren cac day cap khac nhau. Cac boc che

chan nen c noi at tai mot iem duy nhat e tranh nhieu noi at tn hieu.3. Lap at:Viec lap at phan cng bao gom viec bo tr cac tu ien va cac thanh gan tren PLC, sau o

lap at va noi day.Tu gan PLC va cac khe cam phu phai c ap ng ay u yeu cau ve moi trng, nh

van e bao mat, an toan va bao ve nh sau:- Bao mat: tu at ni chat chan va ca co khoa.- An toan: trang b mach t ong ngat hay bao ong neu tu ien b m- Bao ve: tranh o am hay moi trng an mon do khong kh bang cach lam kn tren

khung nap. Viec ngan tnh ien bang cach noi at cho than khung lap.- Vi muc ch bao tr, cac khe cam c bo tr de dang thc hien kiem tra, thay the

cac modul. Cac en ch th on/off hay en ch th trang thai hoat ong nen gan trenca tu.

IV.Chay th chng trnh:Khi hoan tat viec lap at he thong, bc ke tiep la th he thong. Viec chay th chng

trnh gom hai giai oan c ban:- Kiem tra viec ket noi day gia PLC va cac thiet b c ieukhien.- Cai chng trnh ieu khien va chay th chng trnh

Viec noi ket he thong phai c thc hien can than e am bao cac ngo vao/ra c noi

ung en cac ngo vao/ra tren PLC. Trc khi phan cng c kiem tra, phai kiem tra lai toanbo cac nguon cap ien chnh, viec noi at.Chay th chng trnh vi ngo vao gia lap:

PLC th

Con tac en th / r le

Gia lap tn hieu analog ngo Th tn hieu analog

Gia lap dung cong tac

Lap at va chay chng trnh tren he thong that: khi chng trnh a chay th tot, ta co the

chuyen sang bc th tren thiet b thc te .


109/138


BO MON T ONG 59

Hieu chnh chng trnh:Mot trong nhng u iem ln cua PLC la de dang thay oi chng trnh. giai oan thiet

ke va hoan tat d an, u iem nay cho phep thay oi va th i th lai nhieu lan chng trnhen khi thoa man thiet ke.Lu chng trnh d phong: Khi hoan tat giai oan th va hieu chnh chng trnh, cac ban

sao d phong tng ng vi tng giai oan phai c lu tr kem theo cac mo ta ve chung.Ngay ca khi chng trnh c viet xong nen lu mot ban d phong e nap lai chng trnhkhi bo nh tren PLC b h.

V.Lap tai lieu cho he thong:

Tap tai lieu ay u cho viec lap at PLC nen bao gom cac phan sau:- Cac ac ta ve ke hoach hay tien trnh thc hien.- Cac ac ta va ac iem ve yeu cau ieu khien- Cac ac ta ve PLC gom ca so tay ve thiet b can ieu khien.- Cac ac ta ve cac chc nang cua chng trnh ieu khien, gom lu o hay s o chc

nang, bo nh va s cap phat bo nh.- Toan bo chng trnh cung vi cac chu thch va giai thch.- Tap chng trnh d phong.- S o lap at ien va mo ta- Danh sach cac thiet b xuat nhap d lieu gom ca man hnh hien th, may in- So tay s dung ghi chi tiet trnh t khi ong he thong, dng he thong va cac bao

ong cua he thong.

VI.Bao tr he thong PLC:

1. Loi do PLC:PLC c thiet ke e hoat ong tinh cay va ben vng trong moi trng cong nghiep. ay la

u iem chnh vt troi so vi ieu khien c ien t truyen thong va ieu khien t may vi tnh.Do cau truc mach ien t mach va can tnh ien hieu qua nen cac mach ien trong PLC sdung an toan cac ni khong thuan li ve moi trng, de gay ra cac h hong cho phan cngve ien va ve vat ly.

PLC c bao ve tra

Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi

Documents

Transcript of Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi