Georgia Cataloging Summit

Dr. Barbara B. Tillett and Judith A. Kuhagen Policy and Standards Division, Library of Congress

Library of Congress RDA Workshop for Georgia Cataloging Summit

9-10 August 2011

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FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

Presented by Dr. Barbara B. TillettChief, Policy & Standards DivisionLibrary of CongressAugust 9, 2011

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FRBR

What is FRBR?Why do we need it?Where and how can we use it?

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What is FRBR?

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records IFLA publication 1998 FRBR Review Group

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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

Entity-relationship model• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes

User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain

National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

Bibliographic Universe Books Serials Maps, globes, etc. Manuscripts. Musical scores A-V

sound recordings motion pictures photographs,

slides Multimedia “Remote” digital

materials Etc.

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What’s a conceptual model?

Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described The things in that universe (entities) Identifying characteristics of those

entities (attributes) The relationships among the entities

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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship ModelEntitiesRelationshipsAttributes (data elements)

relationship

One Entity Another Entity

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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

created

Shakespeare Hamletwas created by

Pers

on W

or

k

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FRBR Entities

Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

Physical -recording ofcontent

Intellectual/artistic content

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

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Vocabulary

“Book”

–Door prop(item)

–“publication” at bookstore any copy

(manifestation)

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Vocabulary

“Book”

–Who translated?(expression)

–Who wrote?

(work)

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

recursive

one

many

Group 1

Elements to Describe Resources Work

ID Title Date etc.

Expression ID Form Date Language etc.

Manifestation ID Title Statement of

responsibility Edition Imprint (place,

publisher, date) Form/extent of

carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.

Item ID Provenance Location etc.

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Examples1. Leatherbound autographed copy in

Rare Books Collection? 2. Digitized version of the Oxford

University Press text published in 2008?

3. French translation?4. London Symphony Orchestra 2005

performance?5. Hamlet?

Item

ManifestationExpression

Expression

Work

Original Work - Same

Expression

Same Work – New Expression

New WorkCataloging Rules Cut-Off Point

DerivativeEquivalent Descriptive

Facsimile

Reprint

ExactReproduction

Copy

MicroformReproduction

Variations or Versions

Translation

Simultaneous“Publication”

Edition

Revision

SlightModification

ExpurgatedEdition

IllustratedEdition

AbridgedEdition

Arrangement

SummaryAbstractDigest

Change of Genre

Adaptation

DramatizationNovelizationScreenplay

Libretto

FreeTranslation

Same Style orThematic Content

Parody

Imitation

Review

Criticism

AnnotatedEdition

Casebook

Evaluation

Commentary

Family of Works

Relationships Inherent among the

Group 1 entities

Content relationships among works/expressions

Structural

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Whole-Part

AccompanyingSequentialDerivative

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FRBR Entities

Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties Person Corporate body Family

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Group 2

many

is owned by

is produced by

is realized byis created by

Person

Corporate Body

Family

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Relationship vs. Element

Work PersonCreated by

Creates

Ham

let S

hake

spear

e

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Subject Relationship

Work PersonCreated by

Creates

Concept/Topic

has subject

is subject of

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FRBR Entities

Group 3:Subjects of works Groups 1 & 2 plus Concept Object Event Place

Subject relationship

Work

Group 3

many

has as subject

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Person

Corporate Body

Work

Concept

Object

Event

Place

has as subject

has as subject

Family

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Why do we need FRBR? Improve the user experience in

locating information Guide systems designs for the future Guide rule makers

Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries

Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond

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Applications of the Conceptual Model

FRBR is conceptual model No application is

prescribed Opportunities for

the future in new systems designs Natl. Lib. Australia Variations3, etc.

Keep user foremost in mind

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CollocationBetter organization to catalogMore options to display Identifying elements Pathways

FRBR Benefits

☑ Simplify cataloging enabling links and re-use of identifying elements

CollocationObjectives of a

catalog: display All the works

associated with a person, etc.

All the expressions of the same work

All the manifestations of the same expression

All items/copies of the same manifestation

Hamlet

Stockholm2008

English

Swedish

French

German

Shakespeare

Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding

Romeo andJuliet

Pathways to Related WorksPathways to Related Works

Hamlet

Stockholm2008

English

Swedish

French

German

Shakespeare

Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding

Romeo andJuliet

Stoppard

Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead

Tex

t

Movies…

Derivativ

e

w

orks

Subject

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Collocation by Works

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. + All’s well that ends well+ As you like it+ Hamlet+ Macbeth+ Midsummer night’s dream+ …

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Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.+ Texts+ Motion Pictures+ Sound Recordings

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Collocation by Expressions

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.+ Texts – Danish+ Texts – Dutch+ Texts – English+ Texts – French+ Texts – Spanish+ Motion Pictures – English+ Sound Recordings - English

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Collocation of Manifestations

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.- Motion pictures – English

+ 1964 Director, Bill Collegan+ 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning+ 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli+ 1992 Director, Maria Muat+ 1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh+ 2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson

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FRBR Display - Serial Atlantic monthly

Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

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FRBR Display - Serial Atlantic monthly

Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993) Online Paper Microfilm

Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

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Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level

(VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this)

FRBR Benefits

HamletEnglish

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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

Entity-relationship model• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes (Elements)

User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain

National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

FRBR–Based Systems

Work

Manifestation

Person

Expression

Manifestation

ItemItem

Item

Concept

Corporate body

Person