George Washington1789 – 1797 • George

Washington unanimously elected the first President of the United States of America

• Aware of Precedent

• Aware of self-image

The First Congress• Established Precedent• Established 1st Cabinet

- State Department- Treasury Department- War Department

• Established Judiciary• Settled Financial Issues

The Judiciary ActFederal Courts• 1 Supreme

Court• 3 Circuit

Courts• 13 District

Courts

• Could reverse state decisions

State Courts• Left up to

the States

The Bill of Rights1. Personal Rights2. Right to Bear Arms3. Quartering of Troops4. Search & Seizure5. Rights of Accused6. Right to Speedy Trial7. Right to Trial by Jury8. No Cruel & Unusual

Punishment9. Powers Reserved to People10. Powers Reserved to States

National Debt• Bonds• Speculators• Assumption• Compromise

The Nation’s Capital• New York• Philadelphia • Washington D.C.• Virginia• Foggy Bottom• Washington’s

back yard• Survey

Hamiltonian Economics• Assumption• National

Bank• Import Tariffs• National

Taxes

Whiskey Rebellion• Rebellion ion western

Pennsylvania over tax on whiskey

• Most farmers bartered goods – no cash to pay tax

• President Washington sent in the army to stop rebellion

• Argued that the farmers had representation in government – must pay the tax

The Battle of Fallen Timbers• American soldiers defeated

a large Native American and forced them to surrender lands north of the Ohio River

Europe• French

Revolution• Proclamation

of Neutrality• Impressment• Jay’s Treaty –

Britain • Pickney’s

Treaty – Spain

Washington’s Farewell• Washington decided to resign

after two terms in office• Concerned about precedent• Published an open letter

to the American people• Tried to establish a lasting

policy

http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000059.htm

Adams1797 – 1801 • The Second President• Served as Washington’s

Vice-President for two terms

• Also served as ambassador to France and Great Britain

• Not as popular

Trouble with France• Jay’s Treaty• XYZ Affair• Undeclared war• Department of Navy

formed (1798)• George Washington

commanding general• Alien and Sedition Acts• John Adams unpopular• Treaty

The Affair• Jay’s Treaty results in French mistrust• France seize American cargo en route to

Britain • American Ambassador’s sent to France were

given a letter demanding a bribe in order to meet with French officials

• Letter published in American newspapers• Frenchman identified only as “X,Y, and Z.”• Many Americans demanded war with France in

response

Naturalization Act, Alien Acts and Sedition Act

• Passed in response to critical writings about the Adam’s presidency

• Naturalization Act: Aliens must reside in country for 14

yrs. (not 5) for citizenship• Alien Acts: Allowed deportation and

imprisonment• Sedition Act: unlawful to publish

damaging critiques of the gov

• Unconstitutional (1st Amendment)

• Seriously damaged Adam’s legacy

The Election of 1800

• Very close election between Adams and Jefferson

• Resulted in a tie for 35 votes• 12th Amendment passed to

prevent this from happening again

The Jeffersonian Era• 1790 Samuel Slater builds cotton mill• 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin• 1801 Thomas Jefferson elected

John Marshall appointed Chief Justice• 1803 Marbury v. Madison• 1804 Louisiana Purchase• 1807 Embargo Act passed

Robert Fulton builds Clermont• 1809 Madison elected• 1811 National Road begun• 1812 Congress declares war• 1814 war ends• 1816 Monroe elected President

Second National Bank chartered• 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland• 1820 Missouri Compromise

US Population 10 million• 1823 Monroe Doctrine announced• 1825 Erie Canal opened

Jefferson 1801 – 1809

• Laissez-faire• Small government• Judiciary Act of 1801• Midnight Judges• Marbury v. Madison• Louisiana Purchase• Secession• The Duel • Pirates• Impressment• Embargo Act• Nonintercourse Act

• Another PowerPoint

Marbury v. Madison• Judiciary Act of 1801

establishes new federal judgeships

• John Adams hurries to stock courts with Federalists

• Jefferson refuses their appointments

• Marbury sues Madison (Sec. of State) for appointment

• Marshall (Chief Justice) sides w/ Madison

• Establishes Judicial Review

Louisiana Purchase• France takes control of

Louisiana Territory from Spain

• France loses control of Haiti and loses interest in the Americas

• Jefferson decides to buy New Orleans to control Mississippi

• Buys entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million, doubling the size of the country

• Approved by Senate

Aaron Burr• New England plot of

Secession• Burr runs for Governor of

New York• Hamilton publicizes plot• Burr challenges Hamilton to

a duel• Hamilton killed, Burr flees• Burr later arrested for

treason in New Orleans

Foreign Affairs• Barbary

Pirates• War w/ Tripoli• Neutrality• Impressment• Embargo Act • Nonintercour

se Act

http://www.dailypress.com/extras/solutions/_vti_bin/shtml.exe/sol091602.htm/map

Madison1809 – 1817 • Domestic

Warfare• Battle of

Tippecanoe• War Hawks• Henry Clay

and John Calhoun

• War of 1812

Economic AdvancementIndustry• Industrial Revolution• Free

Enterprise/Capitalism• Factory System• Interchangeable Parts• Public Corporations• Urban Development• Interstate Travel• Second Bank of the

United States

Agriculture• Cotton Gin

Cotton Gin

Moving West• Census• Turnpikes• National

Road• The

Clermont• Canals• Locks

Moving West• Roads• Rivers• Canals

Monroe1817 – 1825 • Era of Good Feelings• Sectionalism• Missouri Compromise• The American System• McCulloch v. Maryland• Gibbons v. Ogden• Monroe Doctrine

http://www.dailypress.com/extras/solutions/_vti_bin/shtml.exe/sol020702.htm/map

Sectionalism• John C. Calhoun

sectionalism

• Daniel Websternationalism

• Henry Claycompromise

• The Missouri Compromise

The American System• 3 Parts protective tariff

internal improvements

national bankdidn’t pass in full

• McCulloch v. Maryland– Prevents states from suing federal

institutions

• Gibbons v. Ogden– States cannot interfere w/ federal

institutions

Monroe Doctrine