George Garrick POWERPOINT - Startup UCLA

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The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly of Tech Startups (TBC) How to start, fund, and grow a tech startup. Basic Overview. Part 1. By George Garrick, November 2013 Copyright G2 Consultants LLC

Transcript of George Garrick POWERPOINT - Startup UCLA

Page 1: George Garrick POWERPOINT - Startup UCLA

The  Good,  The  Bad,  and  the  Ugly  of  Tech  Startups  (TBC)  

How  to  start,  fund,  and  grow  a  tech  startup.    Basic  Overview.    Part  1.  

By  George  Garrick,  November  2013  Copyright  G2  Consultants  LLC  

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Founding  and  Growing  a  Tech  Company  •  Me  –  a  liNle  background  •  Careers  –  the  pros/cons  of  your  own  startup  •  Audience  show  of  hands  –  what  stage  are  you  in  ?  •  GeRng  started  -­‐  early  •  IniUal  funding  •  Your  Funding  Pitch  •  Stages  of  Funding    •  Funding  mistakes  •  Board  of  Directors  •  Advisors  and  mentors  •  CEO  –  go  the  whole  way  or  bring  in  a  pro  •  Culture  and  work  ethic  •  CompensaUon  &  Hiring  •  Publicity  and  Awareness  •  Founder  conflict  •  Common  pi[alls,  roadbumps,  tough  decisions  •  Pivots  •  Patents  and  IP  •  AccounUng  and  Records  •  Exit  –  IPO,  Sale,  Shutdown,  Limbo  

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Some  GG  Startup  Experiences  Years Company Type  of  Biz Revenue Situation Outcome1981-­‐1996  (15  years)

IRI  (Information  Resources) Enterprise  data/software/services From  $2MM  to  $300MM

Growth.    Hired  as  VP,  eventual  CEO-­‐NA

IPO,  growth,  private,  still  operating

1993 AC  Nielsen Enterprise  data/software/services $300  millionHired  as  CEO  to  turnaround Sustaining

1996-­‐1997

Misc  startup  investments,  boards,  advisories Enterprise  and  Consumer NA

Learning  about  Internet  and  startups  in  Silicon  Valley

1998-­‐1999Flycast  Communications Internet  Ad  Network From  $2  to  $40MM

Hired  as  CEO  to  revitalize  and  grow.

Raised  about  $25  million.    $500MM  IPO,  sale  for  $2.3B

2000-­‐2001Chicago:  Misc  startup  investments,  boards Misc NA

2002-­‐2003Placeware  Web  Conferencing Enterprise:    Early  SaaS $50MM

Hired  as  CEO  to  revitalize  and  grow. Acquired  by  Microsoft

2004-­‐2005 Wine.con E-­‐Commerce $20-­‐30MM

Growth  stagnated.    No  understanding  of  business  model,  no  customer  acquisition  programs

Raised  $20MM.    Hostile  takeover.

2006-­‐2008Jingle  Networks  (800-­‐FREE411) Consumer  411  service From  0  to  $20  million Startup.  Hired  as  CEO.

Raised  $75  million.    Eventual  acquisition  by  Marchex.

2009-­‐2011 Offerpal/TapjoySocial/Mobile  app  distribution  and  monetization.

About  $100  million  but  pivoted  from  Social  to  Mobile  apps,  renamed  and  repositioned.

Hired  to  take  public.    Turned  into  a  turnaround/pivot  following  founder  disaster.

Company  raised  $70  million.    Transitioned  from  CEO  to  Exec  Chair  to  independend  board.    Doing  well  with  over  $100MM  revenues.

2011-­‐2012 Social  Shield Consumer  service  -­‐  protection Under  $5MMAssigned  to  fix,  then  sustain  or  sell  in  1  year.  

Organized  an  exit  to  Avira.    Investors  heppy.

2012 Brand.net Digital  advertising  network About  $20MM.Interim  CEO  to  save  an  aborted  exit.

Sold  to  Valassis.    Investors  happy.

Happy  

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Some  GG  Board/Investor  Experiences  

Company Type  of  Biz OutcomeBizrate/Shopzilla Ecommerce  ratings  and  search  engine High  value  acquisition  by  NewscorpResponsys Integrated  new  media  marketing  services  -­‐  Chicago Still  operating  today,  venture  backedDigital  Impact Campaign  Management  in  Digital IPO  in  1999.      Acquired  by  Axciom.  SurePayroll Simplified  web  based  payroll  system  for  SMB Eventual  sale  for  $115M  -­‐  ChicagoTopica Email  community  organized  by  topic,  manages  lists Still  operatingNetcentives Real  world  incentives  (airline  miles)  fror  Internet Did  not  succeed.Instill Supply  chain  data  monitoring  for  Food  Service Eventually  acquired  by  iTradeNetworkDriveway Early  online  backup  and  storage  services Still  operating      Personiva Automatic  home  video  processing/categorization Product  worked  well,  insufficient  market.Angara Website  and  web  page  optimization Did  not  succeed  as  a  third  party  service.    Too  easy  to  DIY.M-­‐Factor Forecsting  analytics  for  CPG  companies Still  in  business  with  new  management  -­‐  founder  passed  suddenlyGator/Claria Behavioral  data  tracking  for  re-­‐targeting  of  ads Almost  acquired  by  Microsoft,  ran  into  privacy  issuesComscore Audience  monitoring/analysis  for  the  Internet Co  founding  board  member.    Successful  IPO,  doing  well  todayMarket6 Data  processing/analytics/forecasting  for  retail Still  in  business,  early  stage  with  new  managementQik Live  video  conferencing  via  smartphones High  value  acquisition  by  SkypePlaydom Social/Mobile  Gaming  production/distribution High  value  acquisition  by  DisneyAdify Ad  network  for  verticals High  value  acquisition  by  Cox  CommunicationsSuite.is Social  media  custom  production  services Currently  in  growth  stage,  seeking  funding,  doing  well  -­‐  ChicagoExitround M&A  platform  for  smaller  companies Recently  seed  funded  -­‐  doing  very  well  initially

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Pros/Cons  of  Your  Own  Startup  •  Some  Pros  

–  Control  of  your  own  desUny  (at  least  >50%)  –  Feeling  of  personal  achievement  –  Opportunity  to  make  money  and  get  famous  –  Fun  but  can  be  lonely  and  stressful  –  A  lot  of  quesUons  at  family  gatherings  

•  Some  Cons  –  Lots  of  risk.    90%+  will  fail.    Some  founders  fail  repeatedly.  –  Usually  always  at  a  resource  disadvantage  –  No  job  security,  long  hours,  liNle/no  HR  benefits  –  Can’t  “build  a  career”  and  work  up  the  ladder  –  A  lot  of  quesUons  at  family  gatherings  

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What  Stage  Are  You  In?  •  Have  a  startup,  generaUng  revenue  •  Have  an  operaUng  startup,  pre-­‐revenue  •  In  the  process  of  puRng  a  company  together  •  Have  an  idea  but  haven’t  done  much  yet  •  Thinking  about  starUng  a  company  

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GeRng  Started  -­‐  Early  •  Product  or  service.    Enterprise  or  consumer.  –  At  least  have  a  short  writeup.    PPT  preferred  over  Word.  

•  Alone  or  co-­‐founder?    Other  people.  •  Legal  structure  and  records  •  Business  model  –  financial  •  Company  goals  •  Where  to  locate?  (incubator  or  independent)  •  Cap  structure  •  Make  sure  you  are  actually  building  something,  not  just  pretending  and  thinking  

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IniUal  Funding  •  Make  sure  you  have  something  to  invest  in,  and  that  you  are  SURE  

–  Idea,  founding  team,  product,  launch  strategy,  story  •  Know  how  much  you  need  and  how  much  you  are  willing  to  sell  

–  Rule  of  thumb  –  18  months  of  operaUng  cash  minimum  –  Enough  runway  to  your  next  funding  point  !  

•  Spend  on  product  –  not  salaries,  rent,  professional  fees  •  Sources  –  pros  and  cons  (all  easily  searchable)  

–  Friends  and  family  (tricky,  unpredictable)  –  Angels    –  Incubators/co-­‐working  spaces  (can  be  distracUons)  –  Seed  funds  –  Clients  –  Strategic  or  financial  investors  –  Current  employer  (moonlight  on  your  startup  while  working)  

•  What  you  will  need  –  Strong  idea  or  product  –  Compelling  pitch    –  Credibility  of  some  kind,  or  some  history  –  An  introducUon  (usually)  

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Your  Funding  Pitch  •  What  do  you  need?  

–  Great  demo,  even  if  screen  captures  or  fabricated    –  Vision  &  Team  –  Understanding  of  compeUtors  

•  If  there  are  none  yet,  there  will  be  –  Milestones  for  first  60,  120,  180  days  –  Plans  for  using  funds  –  MoneUzaUon  strategy  

•  If  you  don’t  know,  ok,  just  don’t  be  dismissive    •  Have  thoughts,  or  some  other  highly  compelling  alternaUve  

–  TwiNer  (massive  user  growth,  usage  and  loyalty)  

•  Understand  investor  expectaUons  –  Board  –  Deal  structure  –  How/when  they  will  make  money  

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Forbes  Top  Accelerator

s  and  Incubators  

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Stages  of  Funding  -­‐  approx  •  Seed  funding  –  the  essenUals,  get  to  a  prototype  

–  Open  a  converUble  note  –  difficult  to  set  valuaUon  –  Don’t  need  Board,  but  could  have  one  

•  Series  A  –  from  prototype  to  launch  or  pre-­‐launch  –  IniUal  ValuaUon  will  be  set  –  know  your  goals  –  will  have  Board  

•  Series  B  –  should  be  in  the  market  in  some  form  –  Growth  –  ValuaUon  should  increase  

•  Series  C  –  growth  –  ValuaUon  should  increase  

•  Do  not  be  greedy  on  valuaUon!    Doesn’t  maNer.  –  Unless  you  are  the  next  Instagram  or  Dropbox  

•  Always  raise  enough  to  have  runway  to  next  stage  –  Stay  at  least  6  months  ahead  of  cash  runout  when  fundraising  

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Later  Stages  of  Funding  –  Series  A+  •  Typically  VCs  –  Lots  of  types,  lots  of  philosophies  –  Early  success,  meeUng  milestones  and  targets  

•  Prior  VC  will  help  but  may  or  may  not  “lead”  –  Open  like  to  have  another  VC  set  valuaUon  –  Prior  investors  usually  have  “pro-­‐rata”  rights  –  Limit  number  of  investors,  esp  non  VCs  –  Usually  new  angels  don’t  come  in  in  later  rounds  

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Funding  Mistakes  (Bad  and  Ugly)  •  Raising  too  liNle  –  raise  more  if  you  can,  within  limits  

–  “Raise  when  you  can,  not  when  you  need  to”  •  Onerous  terms  –  unless  you  are  high  risk  

–  Retain  as  much  control  as  possible  –  Joint  selecUon  of  independents  –  Preferences  and  ratchets    –  Structure  of  voUng  

•  VoUng  rights  –  Never  allow  an  investor  to  have  a  “blocking”  right  –  Try  to  get  preferred  stock  voUng  in  total  not  by  class  

•  Usually  preferred  will  control  the  voUng,  but  good  VCs  will  typically  back  the  founders/execs  if  you  are  doing  well    

•  Do  plenty  of  reference  checks  and  research.    Not  just  ones  they  give  you.  

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Board  of  Directors  •  Have  a  strategy  and  a  design  in  mind  

–  First  VC  investor  may  have  a  heavy  hand  –  Typically  CEO/founder(s),  1-­‐2  independents,  1  from  each  investor  –  eventually  only  1  exec  board  member  

•  VERY  important  to  have  good  relaUonships.    Not  just  money.    Philosophy,  chemistry,  rapport  

•  IniUally  meeUngs  are  monthly  •  Important  that  YOU  run  the  meeUng.    Try  not  to  let  an  

investor  take  control  •  Send  decks  out  days  or  a  week  early  •  Have  1-­‐1  calls  with  each  member  prior  to  the  meeUng  •  NO  SURPRISES.  

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Advisors  and  Mentors  •  Open  useful  to  have  board  of  advisors,  or  formal  advisors.  –  Esp  if  you  need  connecUons  or  advice  –  Takes  work  and  Ume,  and  stock  -­‐  tradeoff  

•  If  you  haven’t  run  a  company,  get  an  experienced  mentor  –  Could  be  an  independent  board  member,  or  advisor  

•  Mentor  should  not  be  a  VC  investor  –  Conflicts  of  interest  

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CEO  –  Go  the  whole  way?  •  Depends  on  you,  the  needs  of  the  role,  and  what  your  board  wants.  –  Keep  an  eye  out  for  signs  and  indicaUons  

•  Most  young  founders  cannot  take  it  all  the  way  –  Just  lack  the  experience  for  issues  in  HR,  legal,  credibility,  financing,  etc.  

–  Or  prefer  to  work  on  product  or  development.    As  you  hit  50+  people,  and/or  if  you  are  doing  well,  “admin”  and  “PR”  takes  up  50%  or  more  of  your  Ume  

•  One  soluUon  is  an  experienced  COO.    Your  mentor  can  help  you  with  this  and  your  investors  will  have  a  POV  

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Culture  and  Work  Ethic  •  Set  this  from  the  start  •  Mix  in  some  fun  •  Look  at  what  other  startups  and  “great  workplaces”  do  and  have  

•  Doesn’t  cost  a  lot  •  Make  sure  everyone  contributes  •  Have  open  communicaUons,  at  least  iniUally  –  Friday  apernoon  all-­‐hands  meeUng  –  Occasional  celebraUons  

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CompensaUon  and  Hiring  •  Depends  on  your  stage  and  needs,  and  where  you  are  located  •  Ignore  market  surveys  and  averages  –  do  what  you  need  to  

get  the  best  people  for  the  posiUon  •  Open  a  stock  vs.  cash  tradeoff  •  Use  wriNen  goals  and  objecUves  –  distribute  them  down  •  I  recommend  an  incenUve  piece  to  cash  comp  

–  Scale  by  performance  and  level  in  company  •  VPs/Exec  Team  will  typically  end  up  with  1-­‐2%  of  equity  aper  

company  is  fully  funded  –  need  to  “gross  up”  in  the  beginning  –  Depends  on  how  big  you  are,  and  your  success  liklihood  

•  Consider  avoiding  equity  for  lower  levels  –  Not  meaningful  individually,  but  can  add  up  to  a  lot  in  total  –  Talk  to  mentor/board  members  (comp  commiNee)  

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Publicity  and  Awareness  •  Very  important,  esp  free  PR  and  website  

–  But  make  sure  you  have  a  story  if  not  a  product  –  Funding,  recruiUng,  partners/clients,  M&A,  personal  

•  Get  to  know  the  reporters  and  bloggers  who  follow  the  category  and  your  compeUtors  –  Corporate  Blogs  aren’t  necessarily  good  unless  you  are  famous  

•  Look  bigger  and  more  successful  than  you  are  –  Customer  acquisiUon/growth  is  the  best  metric  

•  Establish  presence  at  conferences  –  pick  them  relaUve  to  stage  of  your  company  

•  PR  firm  can  help  a  lot.    Not  that  expensive  but  for  later  stage  companies.    Use  early  money  to  build  product.  

•  CulUvate  banker  and  analyst  relaUonships  early  –  Can  help  with  intros,  references,  and  eventually  exit  

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Founder  Conflict  •  If  mulUple  founders,  make  sure  you  are  on  the  same  page  in  all  the  important  areas  – WriNen  business  plan  (short  is  fine)  

•  Frequent  meeUngs  –  divide  up  the  responsibiliUes  – Must  have  good  communicaUon  

•  If  signs  of  conflict,  discuss/resolve  early  •  Use  board/mentor  •  Do  NOT  allow  it  to  persist  –  source  of  many  failures  

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Pi[alls,  Roadbumps,  Tough  Decisions  •  Have  wriNen,  board-­‐approved  goals  and  roadmap  which  

are  shared  with  employees  –  Push  these  down  as  far  as  you  can  

•  Take  acUon  sooner  rather  than  later,  keep  board  in  loop  •  Changing  out  an  early  employee,  or  friend  •  A  poor  aRtude  or  work  ethic  •  Disconnect  with  the  board  –  resolve  sooner  not  later  •  Running  out  of  cash  –  geRng  ahead  of  yourself  •  Not  meeUng  your  goals,  revenues,  release  dates  •  Sudden  or  unilateral  move  by  a  compeUtor  or  other  force  

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Pivots  •  A  change  in  your  primary  product  or  service,  or  direcUon  of  –  Eg  Moving  from  a  social  app  to  a  mobile  app  

•  Know  what  your  core  assets  and  competencies  are  •  Keep  ahead  of  the  market  in  your  thinking  •  IdenUfy  other  companies  who  could  affect  your  success    – Watch  them  closely  –  Get  to  know  their  CEOs  

•  Always  have  a  back  up  or  two,  to  your  “worst  case”  scenarios  –  and  have  those  scenarios!  

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Patents  and  IP  •  Sound  cool  but  usually  don’t  have  much  value  and  take  up  a  lot  of  Ume  and  money  –  Some  investors  will  favor  it  –  Depends  a  lot  on  your  business  and  tech  

•  Get  advice  early  on  whether  it’s  worth  it  •  In  a  worst  case  outcome,  may  be  of  value  to  a  larger  company  

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AccounUng  and  Records  •  Important  to  have  good  records  from  the  start  –  If  you  are  successful,  you’ll  need  them  –  Really  a  pain  to  reconstruct  them  

•  IniUally  Quickbooks  or  equivalent  is  fine  •  Balance  usefulness  and  importance  with  Ume  and  effort  

•  Can  outsource  accounUng,  HR  and  legal  for  quite  a  while  

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Exit  –  “The  End”  •  Can  be  good,  bad,  or  ugly    •  Have  a  goal  from  the  start  on  where  you  want  to  take  

the  company,  and  try  and  manage  to  that  –  Very  difficult  to  manage  toward  a  “large”  acquisiUon  –  If  you  manage  toward  an  IPO  you  are  managing  toward  a  potenUal  large  acquisiUon  

–  Easier  to  manage  to  a  small  acquisiUon  if  you  can  spot  and  fill  a  niche,  and  if  there  are  a  lot  of  buyers  

–  Very  difficult  to  “sell”  a  company  pro-­‐acUvely,  but  someUmes  you  have  to  do  it  –  hard  to  be  distressed  but  portray  that  you  are  not  

–  Don’t  want  to  end  up  in  “limbo”  unless  you  want  a  lifestyle  company,  but  you  have  to  consider  your  investors  

•  Always  try  to  stay  on  same  page  as  board  •  Be  paUent  –  it  usually  takes  a  long  Ume