Geopark in Malaysia the Front Door of Our Geological Treasures.pdf - 16 Mei 2014

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Geopark in Malaysia:The Front Door of

Our Geological Treasures

Ibrahim Komoo

Coordinator, APGNBureau Member, GGN

International Expert, GGN

Vice Chancellor, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]


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Flow of Presentation

CONSERVATION OF NATURE

HISTORY OF GEOHERITAGE & GEOPARKS

GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES

GEODIVERSITY, GEOHERITAGE

GEOSITE, GEOTOPE

GEOCONSERVATION, GEOTOURISM

WHAT IS GEOPARK?

ROLES OF GEOPARK: GEOCONSERVATION

ROLES OF GEOPARK: GEOTOURISM

LANGKAWI GEOPARK & OTHER MALAYSIAGEOPARKS IN DEVELOPMENT STAGE


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UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972)

Outstanding universal value:

Exceptional natural beauty or aesthetic importance

Major stages of earths history

UNESCO Man & Biosphere Reserve Program (1977)

World Network of Biosphere Reserves protected areas

demonstrate a balance relationship between man and

nature (sustainable development)

UNESCO Global Network of National Geoparks (2004) The Global Network of National Geoparks assisted by

UNESCO provides a platform of active cooperation between

experts and practitioners in geological heritage

Global nature conservation scenario

1872 Geological Resource as NationalPark/ Yellowstone NP, USA

1919 Geological Resource as NationalPark/ Grand Canyon NP, USA

1948 IUCN

19721977

UNESCO/WHCUNESCO/Biosphere

1999

2000

2004

UNESCO Initiative

European Geoparks Network

UNESCO Global Geopark

2007 Asia Pacific Geoparks Network

CONSERVATION OF NATURE


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MALAYSIA

1990

IGC:FirstWorkshoponGeopark(Brazil)

FirstReseachonGeotop(G

ermany)

GreatBritain(SSSI)

NewZealand(Geoheritagelist)

Australia(Geoconservation

Committee)

GeoheritageInauguralConference

(DigneDeclaration,

Fra

nce)

UNESCOGlobalGeop

ark:

Concept

FirstBook:Geological&Landscape

Conservation(London)

FirstGeoparksinEurope(Ireland,

Greece&France)

Establishment:Europe

anGeoparks

Network(EGN)

Establishment:UNESCOG

lobal

GeoparksNetwork(GGN)

1stU

NESCOConf.onGeoparks

Establishment:17GGNG

eoparks

(China&Europe)

Geot

ourismConcept

Listofgeologicalsites

ofscientificimportance

EstablishmentofKumpulan

Waris

anGeologiMalaysia

1stIRPAResearchonGeoheritage

Cons

ervationGeologyConcept

GeologicalLandscape

LangkawiGeopark:Concept

ASMFellowLecture

ConservationGeology

Geof

orestParks

LangkawiNationalGeopark

LangkawiGlobalGeopark

1stA

PGNSymposiumLang

kawi

IntegratedResearch:Geopark

ModelforRegionalSustain

able

Development

4th

U

NESCOGeoparkConference

GLOBAL

1949

1980

1986

1991

1994

1999

2000

2002

2004

1977

1987

1993

1996

1997

2001

2003

2006

2007

2009

2010

1st

BookonGeodiversity

1st

JournalonGeoheritage(Spinger)

1stG

lobalGeoparkinJapan

1stG

lobalGeoparkKorea

&Vietnam

1stBo

ok:GeologicalHeritageof

Malay

sia

GeotourismConcept(Host1996)

JournalAKADEMIKA:Special

issue

onLangkawiGeopark

2008

2011

Establishment:AsiaPacificGeoparks

Network(APGN)&Co

ordinator

Estab

lishment:NationalCommitteeof

Geop

arkDevelopment

ThebeginningofGeoheritage

Conservationmovement

2012

1stG

lobalGeoparkIndone

sia

THE HISTORY OF GEOHERITAGE & GEOPARKS DEVELOPMENT


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Nature of the resources

Biological Resources

Geological and Landscape Resources

Exploitative Value Set

Heritage Value Set

EARTH PHYSICAL RESOURCES



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The tasks for geologist are to explore, evaluate and

provide the means of exploitation of the Earths

Physical Resources for basic human needs and

commodities for the nations developmental

Exploitative Value Set

CURRENT PARADIGM



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Society also values some of Earths Physical

Resources in the cultural sense, to seek the means to

advance our knowledge and to restore natures

treasures for inspiration, recreation and national

identity

Heritage Value Set

CONSERVATION PARADIGM



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E RTH PHYSIC L

RESOURCES

Nation

Development

Identification

Characterization

Evaluation

Oil/gas

Economic minerals

Construction materials

Industrial materials

Exploitation

Exploitative

Paradigm

Economic resources

Heritage resources


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Geological Heritage

Landscape Heritage

Tourism and

Recreational Product

E RTH PHYSIC L

RESOURCES

Identification

Characterization

Evaluation

Nation

Development

Oil/gas

Economic minerals

Construction materials

Industrial materials

Exploitation

Exploitative

Paradigm

Heritage

Paradigm


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proposed as a branch of geological

sciences, to provide the theoretical and

systematic framework for theidentification, characterisation,

classification, evaluation and ranking of

geological and landscape heritage sites

(Komoo & Desa, 1997)

CONSERV TION GEOLOGY



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CONSERVATION,

PROTECTION &UTILIZATION

Geosite and

Geotope

Heritage

Value

Geological

Diversity

Ranking

Assessment

Characterization& Classification

IdentificationScientificInformation

EARTH PHYSICAL RESOURCES



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Geodiversity

Geodiversity refers to the range (or diversity) of geological,

geomorphological and soil features, assemblages, systems and

processes

Geodiversity concept takes into account of different dimensions

shown by geological exposures - the variety of characteristics

of mineral, rock, fossil, structure and landform features, and

the elements of time, environment and processes


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Geoheritage

Geodiversity associated with heritage

value

Special aspects geological geoheritage

value:

the age of geological formation

the degree of crystallization ofmineral

the degree of preservation of fossil

the size and beauty of rockstructures and features


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Geoheritage

Geoheritage value is strongly linked to

scientific value such as significance in

terms of scientific records for research

and education

Some of them, particularly mineral,fossil and unique landform features,

can also be associated with aesthetic,

recreational or cultural values


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Geosite and Geotope

Any geological site or landform

which contains a significant

geoheritage value can be

generally recognized as geosite

Geotopeis outstanding geositewhich need to be protected

against influences that could

damage their substance, form

and natural development


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Geoconservation

Conservation activities of geosites and

geotopes, including some which are beyond

the recognition of general public.

Geoconservationas sustaining the part of

the physical resources of the Earth thatrepresents our cultural heritage, including

our geological understanding, and the

inspirational response to the resource


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Geotourism

Many geoheritage sites are well-suited

for tourism, in particular education-

based tourism

Some sites are appropriate for

recreational activitiesGeotourismis geoheritage-based

activity that will bring about

economic benefits that ensure the

sustainability of the conservation

programme


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Resource for exploitation,

sustainable use & preserveGeoresources

Geodiversity

Geoheritage

Geoconservation

Diversity of mineral, rock,

fossil, structure, landform &landscape

Geodiversity associated

with heritage value

The act to protect or

conserve geoheritage

Georesourcesto Geoconservation

GEOCONSERVATION


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What is Geopark?

A Geopark is a geographical area wheregeoheritage sites are part of a holistic concept of

protection, education and sustainable

development

The synergy between geodiversity, biodiversity

and culture must be highlighted as an integral

part of each Geopark

It is necessary to also include sites of ecological,

archaeological, historicaland culturalvalue

within each geopark. In many societies, natural,culturaland social history is inextricably linked

and cannot be separated

(UNESCO 2010)

Sarawak, Malaysia

GEOPARK


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Geopark: the concept

Sustainable

development of

a region


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Conservation of nature

National Park

World Heritage Site

Geoforest Park



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Conservation of

Geoheritage

Geosites

Monuments



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Development areas

City

Township

Village



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SustainableDevelopment Tools

Geopark: A tool for sustainable development


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T

heFrameworkfor

GeoparkDevelopment

GeoparkDevelopment

Heritage Conservation Conservation of Geological,

Biological & Cultural Heritage

Integrated Conservation of Natural& Cultural Heritage

Sustainable utilisation of HeritageResources without destruction

Community Development Community as a key player

Capacity building of localcommunity

Education on Heritage

Strengthening of Shared Values

Economic Development Balancing Mass and Specialised

Tourism

Geotourism as a part ofKnowledge-based tourisms

Innovative Tourism Products

Geopark: The Concept


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Global Geopark:Earth heritage, sustaining local communities

Asia Pacific Geoparks: GGN Member


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Asia Pacific Geoparks: GGN MemberCHINA IRAN MALAYSIA AUSTRALIA JAPAN Korea Vietnam Indonesia

2004

Danxiashan

Huangshan

Lushan

Shilin

Songshan

Wudalianchi

Yuntaishan

Zhangjiajie

2005

Hexigten Taining

Xingwen

Yandangshan

2006 Fangshan

Funiushan

Jingpohu

Leiqiong

Taishan

Wangwushan

Qeshm

2007

Langkawi

2008 Longhushan

Zigong Kanawinka

2009 Alxa

Qinling

Itoigawa

Toya-Usu

Unzen

2010 Leye-Fengshan Ningde

Sanin Jeju Dong Van

2011 Hong Kong

Tianzhushan Muroto

2012 Sanqingshan Qeshm Kanawinka Oki Batur

2013

Yanqing Shennongjia

GEOCONSERVATION


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Geological

Heritage

Non-geological

Heritage

Conservation

Education

Sustainable

Development

Earth Science &

Education

Environmental

Education

Geotourism Other Tourism

Opportunity

Geoco

nservation

In

tegratedGeoconservation

Susta

inableUse

Geopark: Conservation, Education &

Sustainable Development

GEOCONSERVATION

GEOCONSERVATION


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Heritage Conservation inGeopark Development

o Protected Site

o GeologicalMonument

o Geological Park/Geo-Area

o Landscape ofAesthetical Value

Geo- Heritage

Bio- Diversity

Cultural Heritage

Conservation within

Geopark

Conservation

Education

Tourism

Geopark Concept Geo-heritage Conservationof International Standard

Geo-resource-basedSustainable Tourism

Co-management

involving stakeholderparticipation

Geopark Criteria

Geo-tourism

Eco-tourism

Nature & Culturalbased tourism

K

nowledge-basedTourism

Geoforest Park

Natural Heritage

Cultural Heritage

IntegratedConser

vation

Geopark:Model for Integrated Heritage

Conservation & Tourism

GEOCONSERVATION


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Knowledge-based tourism Geotourism new products

education based (geoimformation)

tourism Aesthetic and recreation based tourism

Introduce integrated tourism products(geo-bio-culture based products)

Introduce innovative types of tourism

- Geotourism

GEOTOURISM

GEOTOURISM


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Value of Public Education Community should appreciate the value

of geoheritage and cultural resources

Collaboration among stakeholders shouldbe based on shared value

Local community & school children as thecustodians of local heritage

Appreciation through informal and non-formal education

Geotourism - Encourage the cultureof public education

GEOTOURISM

GEOTOURISM


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Geopark museum, Information Centre,promotional materials;

Tourist guides, tourist informationmaterials, geosite interpretation

panels;

School activities visits to geoparks,part of the study areas, special club;

Special visits, awareness and training

program;

Collaboration with universities forresearch, student exposure, scientificpublication, popular reading materials.

Geoheritage Popularization

GEOTOURISM

GEOTOURISM


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Geotourism product for geoscientists

Geotourism product forenvironmentalists

Geotourism for specialized tourists Geotourism for general public (mass

tourism)

New Innovative Products

- Geotourim Products

GEOTOURISM


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LANGKAWI GEOPARK


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The Langkawi Geopark

Archipelago of 99 islands withoutstanding tropical karst

landscape and diverse

geoheritage sites

Ideal place for blending

conservation and sustainable

use of resource as promoted by

the Geopark concept

Concept
http://www.langkawishowcase.com/cave_exploring.htm


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The development of managementtool that can ensure a balance

between three components:

Conservation of heritage

resources

Development of tourism

infrastructure

Enhancement of local socio-

economic activities

Approach


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Environment & culturalresources form the most

important asset that will be the

nucleus of Langkawi

development

Emphasis on non-destructive

utilization of geoheritage and

landscape resources

Policy Development


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Establishment of Geoparkmanagement unit (LADA)

Encouraging Research &

Development (PPL, UKM)

Implementing environmental friendly

infrastructure development

Promoting local culture and

traditions

Emphasizing on nature tourism -

based industries

Implementation Strategy



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2001 Proposed the idea of Langkawi

as a Geopark to State Goverment 2002 Proposed Concept and

Strategic Plans

2002 Establishment of Langkawi

Research Centre, UKM

2003 Published book on GeologicalHeritage of Langkawi

2004 Introduced Geoforest Parks as

new conservation concept

2005 Stakeholder consultation on

geopark establishment

May 2006 Establishment of

Langkawi Geopark by State

Government

1st June 2007 Langkawi Geopark

was declared as the 52nd member of

Global Geoparks Network (GGN) by

UNESCO

Milestone


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Langkawi Geopark

Conservation

Geoheritage Conservation

Biological Diversity Conservation

Cultural Heritage

Tourism InfrastructureDevelopment

Hotels/ Resorts

Education/ Exhibition

Research/ Recreation

Public Awareness

Socio-Economic Development

Economic Activities

Local Participation

New Opportunities

The Components

Kilim Geoforest Park, Langkawi

C ti

Tourism Infrastructure

Development


Development

Socio-Economic

Development

Socio-Economic

Development


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Conservation

Geoforest Parks Machinchang Cambrian GFP

Kilim Karst GFP

Dayang Bunting Marble GFP

Geological Monument

Langgun Islands

Tg. Dendang

Ular Island

Singa Kecil

Geoheritage SitesIs lands

Anak Datai Anak Burau

Fossil sites

Anak Tikus

Sg. Itau

JemurukFossil layer

Geoheritage Conservation

Special Features

Tepur Islanddropstone

Kubang Badak

Pinnacle

Dayang Bunting

Dolina

Kisap Sheared

Zone

Geoheritage

Conservation

Biological Diversity

Conservation

Cultural Heritage

Conservationpp

pp

Conservation


Development


Development

Socio-Economic

Development

Socio-Economic

Development


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Forest Reserve(Dry Inland Forest)

Bukit Malut

Bukit Sawak

Gunung Raya

Singa Besar Island

Forest Reserve(Mangrove Forest)

Kubang Badak

Singa Besar Island

Recreational Forests Pasir Tengkorak

Durian Perangin

Lubuk Semilang

Telaga Tujuh


Conservation

ConservationGeoheritage

Conservation


Conservation

Cultural Heritage

Conservationp

p

Conservation


Development


Development

Socio-Economic

Development

Socio-Economic

Development


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Archeological Sites Ancient tomb, Ulu

Melaka

Ancinet tomb,

Padang Mat Sirat

Gua Cerita

inscriptions

Historical Site

Mahsuri Mausoleum

Field of Burnt Rice

Conservation

Cultural Heritage

Traditional Village Kg. Mawat

Kg. Raja

Kg. Tk. Berembang

Traditional Fishing

Village

K. Triang

Kilim

Kubang Badak

Geoheritage

Conservation


Conservation

Cultural Heritage

Conservation

Legend Associated Sites

Lake of Pregnant Maiden

Mat Cincang & Mat Raya

Gua Cerita (cave)

The Seven Wells (waterfall)

Tourism InfrastructureConservation

ConservationSocio-Economic

Development

Socio-Economic

DevelopmentTourism Infrastructure


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The Datai-Andaman Tanjung Rhu, Four Seasons

Burau Bay, Berjaya, Pelangi

7,500 hotel rooms (2005)

Resorts/ Hotels


Development

Golf courses

Marinas

Centres for handicraft

Oriental Village

Tourism Facilities

International airport

Jetty for ferries

Good road network

Machinchang cable car

Supporting Facilities

Development

Hotels/ Resorts

Education/

Exhibition

Research/

Recreation

Public Awareness

Tourism InfrastructureTourism InfrastructureConservation


Development

Socio-Economic

Development


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Gallery & Parks Galeria Perdana

Galeri Ibrahim Hussein

Langkawi CHOGM Park

Lagenda Park

Mahsuri Cultural Complex Underwater World

Langkawi Wildlife Park

Craft Complex

Langkawi Craft Complex

Laman Padi Atma Alam Batik Village

Education/ Exhibition


DevelopmentDevelopment

Hotels/ Resorts

Education/

Exhibition

Research/

Recreation

Public Awareness

T i I f t tTourism InfrastructureConservation


Development

Socio-Economic

Development


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Research Facilities

Langkawi Research Centre, UKM

School of Tourism, UUM

Singa Island Biodiversity Research

Program, USM

Marine Biodiversity Research

Program, UM

Recreation Activities

Beach recreation

Island hopping

Mangrove tour

Diving/ snorkeling

Cave exploration

Fishing

Jungle trekking

Research/ Recreation


Development

Development

Hotels/ Resorts

Education/

Exhibition

Research/

Recreation

Public Awareness

Tourism InfrastructureTourism InfrastructureConservation


Development

Socio-Economic

Development
http://www.langkawishowcase.com/land_adventure.htm


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Exhibition

Courses for tourist guides

Publications/ Leaflets

Websites

Signage/ Information board

Public Awareness



Hotels/ Resorts

Education/

Exhibition

Research/

Recreation

Public Awareness

Socio-EconomicSocio-EconomicConservation

ConservationTourism Infrastructure

Development


Development


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Economic Activities

Duty Free Island shopping paradise

Local craft development

Employment in tourism service sector

Socio Economic


Economic Activities

Local Participation

New Opportunities



Development


Development


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Local Participation

Socio Economic

Development

Tourist guides

Transportation

Recreational guide (i.e. fishing)

Food and Beverages

Local delicacies

Fresh seafood

International cuisine

Development

Economic Activities

Local Participation

New Opportunities



Development


Development


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New Opportunities

Soc o co o c

Development

Traditional fishing andagriculture as a basis for tourism

New enterprise in geotourism

based activities

Employment in new conservation

based activities

Development

Economic Activities

Local Participation

New Opportunities


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MALAYSIA GEOPARKS: IN DEVELOPMENT STAGESarawak Delta

Lembah Kinta, Ipoh, Perak

Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu

Gunung Kinabalu, Sabah


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Concluding Remarks

Integrated conservation nature (geodiversity and

biodiversity) and cultural

heritage are conserved as a

single entity

Balancing betweenconservation and development- ecotourism (geotourism) is

promoted to enhance regional

development based on

sustainable resource utilization

Local community engagement focus on participation and socio-

economic development of the

local community

Bau Karst, Sarawak


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Thank You

Geopark in Malaysia the Front Door of Our Geological Treasures.pdf - 16 Mei 2014

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