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Geopark in Malaysia: The Front Door of
Our Geological Treasures
Ibrahim Komoo
Coordinator, APGN
Bureau Member, GGN
International Expert, GGN
Vice Chancellor, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Flow of Presentation CONSERVATION OF NATURE
HISTORY OF GEOHERITAGE & GEOPARKS
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
GEODIVERSITY, GEOHERITAGE
GEOSITE, GEOTOPE
GEOCONSERVATION, GEOTOURISM
WHAT IS GEOPARK?
ROLES OF GEOPARK: GEOCONSERVATION
ROLES OF GEOPARK: GEOTOURISM
LANGKAWI GEOPARK & OTHER MALAYSIA GEOPARKS IN DEVELOPMENT STAGE
UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972)
Outstanding universal value:
Exceptional natural beauty or aesthetic importance
Major stages of earths history
UNESCO Man & Biosphere Reserve Program (1977)
World Network of Biosphere Reserves protected areas
demonstrate a balance relationship between man and
nature (sustainable development)
UNESCO Global Network of National Geoparks (2004)
The Global Network of National Geoparks assisted by
UNESCO provides a platform of active cooperation between
experts and practitioners in geological heritage
Global nature conservation scenario
1872 Geological Resource as National
Park/ Yellowstone NP, USA
1919 Geological Resource as National
Park/ Grand Canyon NP, USA
1948 IUCN
1972
1977
UNESCO/WHC
UNESCO/Biosphere
1999
2000
2004
UNESCO Initiative
European Geoparks Network
UNESCO Global Geopark
2007
Asia Pacific Geoparks Network
CONSERVATION OF NATURE
MA
LAY
SIA
19
90
IGC
: Fir
st W
ork
sho
p o
n G
eop
ark
(Bra
zil)
Firs
t R
ese
ach
on
Ge
oto
p (
Ger
man
y)
Gre
at B
rita
in (
SSSI
)
Ne
w Z
eal
and
(G
eoh
erit
age
list)
Au
stra
lia (
Geo
con
serv
atio
n C
om
mit
tee)
Ge
oh
eri
tage
Inau
gura
l Co
nfe
ren
ce
(Dig
ne
Dec
lara
tio
n, F
ran
ce)
UN
ESC
O G
lob
al G
eop
ark:
C
on
cep
t
Firs
t B
oo
k: G
eo
logi
cal &
Lan
dsc
ape
C
on
serv
atio
n (
Lon
do
n)
Firs
t G
eo
par
ks in
Eu
rop
e (
Irel
and
, G
reec
e &
Fra
nce
)
Esta
blis
hm
en
t: E
uro
pe
an G
eo
par
ks
Ne
two
rk (
EGN
)
Esta
blis
hm
ent:
UN
ESC
O G
lob
al
Geo
par
ks N
etw
ork
(GG
N)
1st
UN
ESC
O C
on
f. o
n G
eop
arks
Esta
blis
hm
ent:
17
GG
N G
eop
arks
(C
hin
a &
Eu
rop
e)
Geo
tou
rism C
on
cep
t
List of geo
logical site
s o
f scien
tific imp
ortan
ce
Establish
men
t of K
um
pu
lan
Warisan
Geo
logi M
alaysia
1st IR
PA
Research
on
Geo
heritage
Co
nservatio
n G
eolo
gy Co
ncep
t
Geo
logical Lan
dscap
e
Langkaw
i Geo
park: C
on
cep
t
ASM
Fellow
Lecture
Co
nservatio
n G
eolo
gy
Geo
forest P
arks
Langkaw
i Natio
nal G
eop
ark
Langkaw
i Glo
bal G
eo
park
1st
AP
GN
Sym
po
siu
m L
angk
awi
Inte
grated R
esearch: G
eop
ark M
od
el for R
egion
al Sustain
able
D
evelop
me
nt
4th U
NESC
O G
eop
ark Co
nferen
ce
GLO
BA
L
19
49
19
80
19
86
19
91
19
94
19
99
20
00
20
02
20
04
19
77
19
87
19
93
19
96
19
97
20
01
20
03
20
06
20
07
20
09
20
10
1st
Bo
ok
on
Ge
od
ive
rsit
y
1st
Jo
urn
al o
n G
eo
he
rita
ge (
Spin
ger)
1st
Glo
bal
Geo
par
k in
Jap
an
1st
Glo
bal
Geo
par
k K
ore
a &
Vie
tnam
1st B
oo
k: Geo
logical H
eritage o
f M
alaysia
Ge
oto
uri
sm C
on
cep
t (H
ost
19
96
)
Jou
rna
l AK
AD
EMIK
A: Sp
ecial issu
e on
Langkaw
i Geo
park
20
08
20
11
Esta
blis
hm
ent:
Asi
a P
acif
ic G
eop
arks
N
etw
ork
(AP
GN
) &
Co
ord
inat
or
Establish
men
t: Natio
nal C
om
mittee o
f G
eop
ark Develo
pm
en
t
The
be
ginn
ing o
f Ge
oh
eritage
C
on
servatio
n m
ove
me
nt
20
12
1st
Glo
bal
Geo
par
k In
do
nes
ia
THE HISTORY OF GEOHERITAGE & GEOPARKS DEVELOPMENT
Nature of the resources
Biological Resources
Geological and Landscape Resources
Exploitative Value Set
Heritage Value Set
EARTH PHYSICAL RESOURCES
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
The tasks for geologist are to explore, evaluate and
provide the means of exploitation of the Earths
Physical Resources for basic human needs and
commodities for the nations developmental
Exploitative Value Set
CURRENT PARADIGM
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Society also values some of Earths Physical
Resources in the cultural sense, to seek the means to
advance our knowledge and to restore natures
treasures for inspiration, recreation and national
identity
Heritage Value Set
CONSERVATION PARADIGM
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
EARTH PHYSICAL
RESOURCES
Nation
Development
Identification
Characterization
Evaluation
Oil/gas
Economic minerals
Construction materials
Industrial materials
Exploitation
Exploitative
Paradigm
Economic resources
Heritage resources
Geological Heritage
Landscape Heritage
Tourism and
Recreational Product
EARTH PHYSICAL
RESOURCES
Identification
Characterization
Evaluation
Nation
Development
Oil/gas
Economic minerals
Construction materials
Industrial materials
Exploitation
Exploitative
Paradigm
Heritage
Paradigm
proposed as a branch of geological
sciences, to provide the theoretical and
systematic framework for the
identification, characterisation,
classification, evaluation and ranking of
geological and landscape heritage sites
(Komoo & Desa, 1997)
CONSERVATION GEOLOGY
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
CONSERVATION, PROTECTION &
UTILIZATION
Geosite and
Geotope
Heritage
Value
Geological
Diversity
Ranking
Assessment
Characterization
& Classification
Identification Scientific
Information
EARTH PHYSICAL RESOURCES
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Geodiversity
Geodiversity refers to the range (or diversity) of geological,
geomorphological and soil features, assemblages, systems and
processes
Geodiversity concept takes into account of different dimensions
shown by geological exposures - the variety of characteristics
of mineral, rock, fossil, structure and landform features, and
the elements of time, environment and processes
Geoheritage
Geodiversity associated with heritage
value
Special aspects geological geoheritage
value:
the age of geological formation
the degree of crystallization of mineral
the degree of preservation of fossil
the size and beauty of rock structures and features
Geoheritage
Geoheritage value is strongly linked to
scientific value such as significance in
terms of scientific records for research
and education
S
