Geographical Information Geographical Information SystemSystem

GISGIS

By: Yahia DahashBy: Yahia Dahash

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DefinitionDefinition

• GIS is a computer system which has the ability to use data functions that describe a location on the

Earth’s surface • GIS is a system using and handling the geodatabase

to get the same information but more beneficial and flexible

• GIS work is summarized by capture, display, query, analyze, store and output of geodatabase and descriptive data

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What are the questions that GIS can What are the questions that GIS can answeranswer

• What is there at a specific location? (location name – coordinate)

• What are the conditions in this location? (what is the distance – where it exists)

• What has changed over time? (spatial – time)• What are the existing spatial patterns? What is

the cause for extension of limited phenomenon? (drought – salty)

• What are the decisions for problem solution in the location and what the effects on the neighborhood and environment

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GIS compositionGIS composition

Hardware

Software Procedures

Data

People

GIS

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Components of geographic dataComponents of geographic data

• Geometry: A location of geographic features on the earth’s surface • Attributes: Descriptive information about features

• Behavior: Special behavior for each features • Capturing data

– Hardcopy maps– Digital data– Coordinates– GPS

• Dealing with geodatabase– Points: For example, water well – city - exchange electricity center– Lines: For example, roads – rivers - water canales – Polygon: For example, region – area - lakes - boundary

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GIS functionsGIS functions• Display

Maps Graphs Reports

• Output Paper map Internet Image Document

• Store Vector formats: Discrete representations of reality Raster formats: Use square cells to model reality

• Query Identify specific features Identify features based on conditions

• Analyze Proximity Overlay Network

What is Arc GIS Desktop?What is Arc GIS Desktop?•Arc GIS Desktop includes Arc GIS Desktop includes a suite of integrated a suite of integrated applications:applications:

Arc MapArc Catalog

Arc ToolboxArc Toolbox• Using these three Using these three applications together, you applications together, you can perform any GIS task, can perform any GIS task, simple to advanced, simple to advanced, including mapping, data including mapping, data management, geographic management, geographic analysis, data editing, and analysis, data editing, and geoprocessinggeoprocessing

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Arc CatalogArc Catalog• The Arc Catalog

application helps you organize and manage all of your GIS data.

• It includes tools for browsing and finding geographic information, recording, viewing, and managing metadata, quickly viewing any dataset, and defining the schema structure for your geographic data layers.

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Arc MapArc Map• Arc Map is the central application

in Arc GIS Desktop. • It is the GIS application used for all

map-based tasks including cartography, map analysis, and editing.

• In this application, you are work with maps.

• Maps have a page layout containing a geographic window, called a data frame, with a series of layers, legends, scale bars, North arrows, and other elements.

• Arc Map offers different ways to view a map. a geographic data view and a layout view. in which you can perform a broad range of advanced GIS tasks.

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Arc ToolboxArc Toolbox

• Arc Toolbox is a simple application containing many GIS tools used for geoprocessing.

• There are two versions of Arc Toolbox: The complete Arc Toolbox that comes with Arc Info. A version that comes with Arc View and Arc Editor.

• Note: Arc Map, Arc Catalog, and Arc Toolbox are designed to work together to perform all GIS tasks.

– For example, you can search for and find a map document in Arc Catalog, then double-click it to open it inside Arc Map. You can then edit

and enhance your data through the tools available in the Arc Map editing environment.

– Once you have created new geographic information using these three applications, you can record metadata for the resulting datasets using Arc Catalog.

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What can I do to produce a digital What can I do to produce a digital map?map?

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What is the information I want to What is the information I want to present in a digital map? present in a digital map?

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How can we show 2004-data of How can we show 2004-data of olive production in a digital map?olive production in a digital map?

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