Geographic information system(gis)
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Transcript of Geographic information system(gis)
Geographic Information System(GIS)
Geographic Information Technology
Basic of GIS
Elements of Geographic Information Technology1. Remote Sensing2. Global Positioning System3. Geographic Information Systems
Basic of GIS (cont.)
1.Remote Sensing(RS)◦ use of satellites or aircraft to capture
information about the earth’s surface.◦ Digital or the images a key product (map
accurate digital photos).
Basic of GIS (cont.)
2. Global Positioning System (GPS)⚫ a system of earth-orbiting satellites which can
provide precise (100 meter to sub-cm.) location on the earth’s surface (in latitude/longitude coordinates or equivalency).
Basic of GIS (cont.)
SATELLITES GROUND STATION RECEIVERS
PERSONAL USES BUSINESS USES
3. Geographic Information System(GIS)◦ Software systems with capability for input,
storage, manipulation/analysis and output/display of geographic (spatial) information.
Basic of GIS (cont.)
Geographic Information System1.Geographic Information System related technology
1.1 Computer Science1.2 Survey and Mapping1.3 Database Management System1.4 Remote Sensing
2. Geographic Information System Analysis2.1 Manual Approach2.2 Computer Assisted Approach
Basic of GIS (cont.)
Software
Components of GIS (cont.)
Hardware
Components of GIS
Data
Components of GIS (cont.)
People
Components of GIS (cont.)
Methods or procedures
Components of GIS (cont.)
Spatial Characteristicsspecifies location stored in a shape file, geo-database or similar geographic file
◦ Raster representationas image files composed of grid-cells (pixels)◦ Vector representationas geometric objects: points, lines, polygons
Characteristics of GIS Information
Attribute Characteristicsspecifies characteristics at that location, natural or human-created stored in a data base table
- Nominal Level- Ranking Level- Ratio Level
Characteristics of GIS Information (Cont.)
Vector Structure- Point Entities- Linear Entities- Area Entities
Raster Structure
GIS Structure and Data Input
Data Input
GIS Structure and Data Input(cont.)
Facilities management Marketing and retailing Environmental Transport/vehicle routing Health Insurance
and many more . . .
Benefits of Geographic Information System
END