LSD Education Committee

LSD PQSL Series 2014 - Geographic Information

System (GIS)

NG Wai-tak, Victor

3 November 2014

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Objective Help LSD probationers to prepare for the

LSD APC Part I Written Assessment to be held on 14 December 2014. LSD APC Part I Written Assessment Date: 14 December 2013 (Saturday) Time: 10:00 am to 12:00 noon Venue: Hong Kong Management Association Room 201, 2/F, First Commercial Building 33-35 Leighton Road, Causeway Bay

Application Deadline: No later than 5:30pm on 21 November 2014 (Friday)

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Geographic Information System (GIS)

Principles of geographic information science and systems

Geo-spatial data standards System design and data modelling Data quality and assessment Data manipulation and analysis Industrial software packages GIS applications

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Definition of GIS A GIS is a computer system designed to

capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data (Wikipedia)

GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data on maps, and present the results of all these operations (Clarke, K C, 1986)

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Geographic

Information

System

Cadastral

Surveying

Engineering

Surveying Topograhical

Surveying

Geodetic

Surveying

Hydrographic

Surveying

Photogrammetry

and

Remote Sensing

Mapping

and

Cartography

Utility

Surveying

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Geographic

Information

System

Information

Technology

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Principles of geographic information science and systems

GIS applications that use a GIS for spatial analysis and use a database for storage

Spatial database or geodatabase Data capture and preparation, storage and

maintenance, manipulation and analysis and data presentation

Raster and vector based data sets Differences between CAD and GIS

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Differences between GIS and CAD

Becoming blurred with the internal attributes and database linkages enhancing CAD’s capabilities

GIS has topology while CAD does not have GIS uses geographic coordinates systems

while CAD uses local coordinates GIS models the world while CAD models

things in the real world

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Geo-spatial data standards

An agreed upon way of representing data in a system in terms of content, type and format

Different GIS vendors implement different formats and different standardization committees introduce different standards

Variety but a range of conversion problem International Organization for Standardization

(ISO), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)

How about Hong Kong?

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Metadata

Defined as background information that describes all necessary information about the data itself (i.e. data about data) Identification information Data quality information Entity and attribute information

Metadata Catalogue System http://www.hkmapmeta.gov.hk/mcs/home/en/home.htm

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Source: http://www.businessballs.com

System design and data modelling (1)

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System design and data modelling (2)

System Life Cycle Users participation Problem-solving approach. Phases and activities. Documentation Standards Process and projects management Cost effectiveness Sustainability Growth and change

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System development methodology

Dynamic Systems Development Methodology (DSDM)

Joint Application Development (JAD) Information Engineering (IE) Rapid Application Development (RAD) Structured systems Analysis and Design

Method (SSADM) Effective Technical and Human

Implementation of Computer-Based Systems (ETHICS)

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Data quality and assessment (1)

Data quality - Performance of the data set given the specification of the model

Data Assessment (from users or producers perspective) - How closely data values represent reality given the chosen model for representing the at reality (Salge, 1995)

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Data quality and assessment (2)

Guptill and Morrison (1995) identify seven dimensions of spatial data quality: Data lineage Positional Attribute accuracy Completeness Logical consistency Temporal specifications Semantic accuracy

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Data quality and assessment (3)

Veregin and Hargitai (1995) emphasize Data accuracy Precision or resolution Consistency Completeness

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Data manipulation and analysis

Data Manipulation: Classification, retrieval and measurement functions Overlay functions Neighbourhood functions Connectivity functions

Spatial analysis: Attribute query (non-spatial) Spatial query Generation of new data sets from the original database Ranges from a simple query to complicated combinations

of attribute queries, spatial queries, and alterations of original data

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Industrial software packages

GeoMedia (Intergraph) ArcGIS (Esri) MapInfo (MapInfo) AutoCAD Map 3D Bentley Map ILWIS, etc..

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GIS applications (1)

Ask spatial related questions Land Administration Response time analysis Thematic maps production Location Selection Network analysis (route search)

Navigation Town planning ……

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GIS applications (2)

Desktop GIS or web-based GIS Cloud-based GIS Google Map, Bing Map, Centamap GeoInfo Map, MyMapHK

LSD Education Committee https://www.google.com.hk/maps

LSD Education Committee http://www.bing.com/maps/

LSD Education Committee http://hk.centamap.com

LSD Education Committee https://www.map.gov.hk

LSD Education Committee http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/tc/MyMapHK/

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Government Web Applications Increase accessibility and promote sharing of

geospatial data Provides convenience and support to the public Promote e-government to the community and

improve e-service delivery to the public Support government policy Increase government transparency Avoid duplication of efforts by different B/Ds in

establishing their own platforms for disseminating geospatial information

Realize the concept of a joined-up government

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GIS Specialist Acquire latest technology/trend/information Digital 21 Strategy – Smarter Hong Kong, Smarter

Living Internet of Things (IoT) Spatial Data Infrastructure (空間數據基礎設施) MMS, 3D Spatial BIM and GIS integration 3D Spatial Data

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Get help from friends and other people

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THANK YOU