Geo11-01_Intro to Geol

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INTRODUCTIONTO GEOLOGY

Geology 11

Astrid Korina S. GaboDPSM, CAS, UP Manila

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg








1. Define geology and identifysome of its branches

2. Differentiate uniformitarianismvs catastrophism

3. Appreciate the role of geology in

society









WHAT IS GEOLOGY?

http://geology.about.com/od/nutshells/a/whatisgeology.htm

Greek γῆ, gê , "earth" and λόγος, logos , "study"Geology is the study of the Earth, itsorigin, history, composition, structuresand physical properties, the processesthat shape it, and the resources that couldbe obtained from it.















GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE

1. The relevance of time2. The issue of scale3. The complexity of replicating

natural systems and phenomena inthe laboratory










1. The relevance of time

www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/GeoTimeSpiral.gif






2. The issue of scale

0.1 mm







3. The complexity of replicatingnatural systems and phenomena inthe laboratory








1. PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

2. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY

- Deals with the materials that comprise

the Earth and the processes that affect it

- The study of the origin and evolution of the Earth through time












1. Volcanology – The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity

2. Seismology – The study of earthquakes and the mechanical

properties of the earth

3. Mineralogy – The study of minerals and its properties

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY














4. Petrology – The study of rocks and the conditions under

which they are formed

5. Geomorphology – The study of landforms and the processes that

shape them

6. Geophysics – The physics of the Earth and its environment in

space

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
















PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

7. Geochemistry – The study of the chemical composition and

processes of the Earth and other planets

8. Planetary Geology – Concerned with the geology of celestial bodies

9. Environmental Geology – The use of geologic information to manage our

environment















10.Engineering Geology – The application of geologic information to

engineering problems

11.Mining Geology – Deals with the applications to mining

12.Petroleum Geology – Refers to application of geology to the search of

hydrocarbons

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY















HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

1. Paleontology – The study of prehistoric life as represented by

fossils

2. Stratigraphy – The study of rock layers and layering

(stratification)

3. Geochronology – Deals with the determination of the age of the

Earth and its materials
















BASIC CONCEPTS IN THEHISTORY OF GEOLOGY

1. Catastrophism

2. Uniformitarianism







CATASTROPHISM

- Proposed by Baron Georges Cuvier- Sudden, worldwide catastrophesare the agents of change that alterthe physical features of the Earthover time- Widely accepted by theologians in

the early 1800s due to similarity withBiblical events such as Noah’s Flood















UNIFORMITARIANISM

James Hutton, 1726-1797

www.physicalgeography.net

- Proposed by James Hutton(The Father of Modern Geology)

- “The present is the key to the past.”- “The present is the key to the future.”-Advocates the idea that the Earth iscontinuously modified by geologic processes

that have always operated throughout time (atdifferent rates), and that by studying them wecan understand how the Earth has evolved

through time





















What geologists doGEOLOGISTS AT WORK





RELEVANCE TO DAILY LIFE




MINERAL DEPOSITS




RESOURCE EXPLORATION




Earth processes that cause life and property loss:• Flooding

• Earthquake

• Volcanic Activity• Landslide

• Mudflows www.pinoyvote.infowww.pinoytutorial.com

By DwiObli,

Reuters

http:// pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs114-

By LauroNaranjo,

2007

GEOHAZARDS



























“If we intend to live

on – and with – thisplanet, we truly

need to understandhow it works and tounderstand themany components

that make up theEarth”














Geo11-01_Intro to Geol

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