Geo l11 indian rivers_0.2
Transcript of Geo l11 indian rivers_0.2
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Rivers of India
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Indian rivers
Northern rivers
Peninsular rivers
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Northern rivers
Indus
Ganga
Brahmaputra
Peninsular rivers
West flowing
East flowing
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• Indus + 5 tributaries•After partition: Indus water Treaty 1960• Indus, Jhelum, Chenab to Pak•Ravi, Beas and Sutlej to India•Chej doab, ReChna doab, Bari doab, Bist doab
Indus river
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•Cities on Indus –LehTributaries:•Shyok from Siachin glacier•Suru (Obsequent tri) – originate from Deosai mt. , Burzil la pass, kargil on it, chutak dam•Gilgit – last tri in India
Tributaries of Indus
Hunza riv
Gilgit riv
Suru rivShyok riv
Indus rivZaskar riv
Siachin glacier
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• Jhelum river:•Rises at Verinag•Shrinagar •Kishanganga joins on right•Kishanganga river dispute with Pakistan• Jhelum enters Pakistan near Baramulla
Tributaries of Indus: Jhelum
Kishanganga river
Jhelum river
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•Two headward tributaries: Chandra and Bhaga•Chnadra originate near Zozi la and Bhaga at Baracha la•Dhulhasti, Baglihar and Salal dams
Tributaries of Indus: Chenab
Chandra river
Bhaga river
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•Source near Rohtang pass in Himachal Pradesh•Drains between Pripanjal and Dhauladhar•Chamba is located on Ravi
Tributaries of Indus: Ravi
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•Source near Rohtang pass - at southern end of Pir Panjal (HP)•Meets Satluj at Harike•Kulllu on Beas’s tributary Parbati• It is entirely within India
Tributaries of Indus: Beas
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•Originate near Man sarovar•Enters India through Shipki la pass• Imp tributary: Spiti•Neptha-jhakhari dam
Tributaries of Indus: Satluj
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Prelims2009
Q. Which one of the following rivers does not originate in India?a) Beasb) Chenabc) Ravid) Sutlej
Ans. D)
UPSC
Question
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Prelims2006
Q. From north to south, which one of the following is the correct sequence of given rivers in India?a) Shyok- Spiti-Zaskar-Sutlejb) Shyok-Zaskar-Spiti-Sutlejc) Zaskar- Shyok-Sutlej-Spitid) Zaskar-Sultej-Shyok-Spiti
Ans. b)
UPSC
Question
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Northern rivers
Indus
Ganga
Brahmaputra
Peninsular rivers
West flowing
East flowing
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•Originate as Bhagirathi from Gangotri•Alaknanda originates from Badrinath•Dhauliganga meet Alaknanda at Vishnu prayag•Pindar river (from Nanda devi) meet Alaknanda at Karn Prayag
Ganga system
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•Mandakini (from Kedarnath) meet at Rudra prayag•Alaknanda and Bhagirathi meet at Dev prayag•After merger known as Ganga
Ganga system
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Left Bank tributaries
RamgangaGomatiGhagharGandakKosi
YamunaSonHugli
Right Bank tributaries
Ganga System
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•Ramganga•Gomati•Ghaghra (Saryu)•Gandak•Kosi
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
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•Ramganga•Originate near Garhwal•Gomati: north UP •Lucknow is on Gomati•Both originate within India
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
Ramganga
GomatiGanga
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•Ghaghara – originate from Gurala mandhata peak (South of Man sarovar) in Tibet•Two headward streams: kali (Sarda) and Karnali•Ayodhya, Faizabad located on Ghaghara
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
Man sarovar lake
Ghaghara river
Karnali river
Kali (Sarda) river
Gurla mandhata peak
Rapti river
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•Gandak originated near Nepal-Tibet border•Kali Gandaki and Trishuli imp tributaries•Merge in Ganga near Patna
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
Kali Gandaki
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•Kosi- ‘Saptkaushi’•7 streams•Located in snow covered areas – heavy rainfall – huge volume of water•7 streams -> 3 stream -> merged at Triveni (mahabharat range) to form Kosi
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
Kosi
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1) Yamuna•Originates from Yamnotri glacier – Bandarpunch peak –Garhwal• Imp tributaries:•Right bank -Tons-rises from Bandar punch glacier
Ganga system: right bank tributaries
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•Delhi, Agra and Mathura on Yamuna• Its imp right bank tributaries from Vindhyan range•Chambal, Sindh, Betwa and Ken•Banas tri of Chmabal originate from Aravalli
Ganga system: right bank tributaries
Chambal
Sindh Betwa
Dhas
anKe
n
Parb
ati
Kali
sind
h
Banas
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2) SonFrom Amarkantak plateauImp tributaries: Rihand – source Ramgarh hillsGovind vallabh pant sagar on RihandNorth Koel – source –Chhota Nagpur plateau
Ganga system: right bank tributaries
Son river Rihand
Ramgarh hillsAmarkantak plt
BaghelKaimur hills
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3) HugliDistributary of GangaTributary: AjayKolkata on river Hugli
Ganga system: right bank tributaries
Ajay river
Hugli riverKolkata
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Prelims2010
Q. Rivers that pass through Himachal Pradesh are:a) Beas and Chenabb) Beas and Ravic) Chenab, Ravi and Satlejd) Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Satlej
and Yamuna
UPSC
Question
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•Chenab•Ravi•Beas•Satlej – Spiti•Yamuna on border between HP and Uttarakhand
Rivers in Himachal Pradesh
ChenabRavi
Beas
Satlej
Spiti
Yamuna
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Prelims2010
Q. Rivers that pass through Himachal Pradesh are:a) Beas and Chenabb) Beas and Ravic) Chenab, Ravi and Satlejd) Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Satlej
and Yamuna
Ans. D)
UPSC
Question
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Northern rivers
Indus
Ganga
Brahmaputra
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•Originate from Chemayungdung glacier in Kailash•Passes in Indus-Tsangpo sature zone (between Great Himalayas and Kailash range)•Enters into India as Dibang
Brahmaputra system
Dihang
Kailash range
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•Enters into Assam Plains near Sadiya•After Sadiya it is known as Brahmaputra•Tributaries: Manas, Subansiri, Dhansiri, Dibang, Lohit and Kapilli
Brahmaputra system
ManasSubansiri Dihang
Dhansiri
Lohit
Kapilli
Garo KhasiJaintia Barail range
Naga hills
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•enters Bangladesh as Jamuna•Merged with Ganga – unitedly known as Padma•Meghana river joins•Now known as Meghna•Large delta formation
Brahmaputra system
Brahmaputra
Ganga
Padma
Meghna
Meghna
Delta
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Prelims2014
Q. Consider the following rivers:1. Barak2. Lohit3. Subansiri
Which of the above flows/flow through Arunachal Pradesh?
UPSC
Question
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Barak river
Barak river
Naga Hills
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Prelims2014
a) 1 onlyb) 2 and 3c) 1 and 3d) 1,2 and 3
Ans. B)
UPSC
Question
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Northern rivers
Indus
Ganga
Brahmaputra
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1) West flowing rivers: Narmada – Tapi
2) East-flowing rivers: Damodar, Subarnarekha, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc
Peninsular rivers
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1) Narmada:Source: Amarkantak plateauFlow in rift valley btwn Vindhyan and SatpuraMP-MH and GJDuandhar fall in MPMerged near Bharuch in GJSardar Sarovar dam
West flowing Peninsular rivers
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Prelims2013
Q. Narmada river flows to east to west, while most other large peninsular rivers flow west to east. Why?1. It occupies a linear rift valley2. It flows between vindhyan
and Satpura3. The land slope to west from
central India
UPSC
Question
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Prelims2013
a) 1 onlyb) 2 and 3c) 1 and 3d) None
Ans. A)
UPSC
Question
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Prelims2009
Q. At which one of the following places do two important rivers of India originate; while one of them flows towards north and merge with another important rivers flowing towards Bay of Bengal, the other one flows towards Arabian sea?a) Amarkantak plateaub) Badrinath
UPSC
Question
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Prelims2009
c) Mahabaleshward) Nasik
Ans. A) River Son- flows towards north merges with Ganga – towards Bay of BengalRiver Narmada – flows towards Arabian sea
UPSC
Question
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2) TapiSource: Betul plateauFlow south of SatpuraImp tributary: Purna riverMerged into sea near SuratMP-MH-GJ
West flowing Peninsular rivers
Tapi river
Purna river
Betul plateau
Rajpipla range
Gawilgarh range
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Others:Sabarmati from Aravalli rangeMahi from Vindhyans
West flowing Peninsular rivers
Aravalli
VindhyanSabarmati
Mahi
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•West flowing rivers from Western Ghats•Mandovi and Zuari in GOA
West Flowing Peninsular rivers
Mandovi river
Zuari river
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•Kalinadi, Sharavati in KN•Shravati- Jog fall (highest)
West Flowing Peninsular rivers
Kalinadi
Sharavati
Netravati
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Periyar and Pamba in KR
West Flowing Peninsular rivers
kochi
Vembnad lake
Periyar river
Annamalai hills
Cardamom hills
Pamba river
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Northern rivers
Indus
Ganga
Brahmaputra
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1) DamodarSource: chhota Nagpur plateauTributary: BarakarIron and steel industry
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Barakar river
Damodar riverChhota Nagpur plt
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2) Subarnarekha, Baitrani and BrahmaniSubarnrekha – from Ranchi plateauBaitrani- Garhjat hillsBrahmani – headward streams, South Koel and Sankh from Chhota Nagpur plateau
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Subarnrekha
Baitrani
Brahmani
Garhjat hills
Ranchi plateau
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3) MahanadiSource: DanadkarnyaLeft bank: Sheonath, Hasdo and MandRight bank: Tel, Jonk, OngHirakund dam
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Mahanadi
Sheonath
Hasdo
Mand
Tel
Ong
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4) RushikulyaSource: Nayagarh hillsMouth known for: hatching site of Olive ridley turtles
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Rushikulya river
Chilka lake
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•The smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world•They live in warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. •Olive ridley turtles IUCN status- “endangered”
Oilve Ridley turtles
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•known for their unique mass nesting called “Arribada”= thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs. •Orissa coast is the largest mass hatching site of Olive ridley turtle in the world.
Olive Ridley turtles on Odisha coast
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5) Godavari:Source: Trimbak pltLeft bank tri: Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga (combined = Pranhita), Indravati (fall), Sabari and sileru Right bank tri:Manjara
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Sileru
Sabari
Indravati
WengangaWardhaPenganga
Manjara
PranhitaBalaghat
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6) Krishna:•Source: Mahabaleshwar•Left bank tri:•Musi, Sina,Bhima, Ghat prabha, Malprabha, Tungbhadra, Hagari
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Musi Bhima
Sina
Malprabha Ghatprabha
TungbhadraHagari
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7) Penneru/Penner:Source: Nandi durg peak in KNTri: Kunder, Charavati, Papagni, Punchu
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
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8) Kaveri:•Source: Tal kaveri at Brahmagiri hills•Left bank tri:•Shimsa, Hemvati, Kabani, Bhavani, Noyil, Amaravati
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Shimsa
Bhavani
Noyil Amravati
hemvati
Kabani
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9) Vaigai:•Source: Varushand Hills•Madurai located on Vaigai river•Dry channel•Disappear then again re-appear
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Varushand Hills
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Prelims2002
Q. The correct sequence of eastward flowing rivers of Peninsular India from north to south is:a) Subarnarekha- Mahanadi-
Godavari- Krishna-Pennar- Cauveri- Vaigai
b) Subarnarekha – Mahanadi- Krishna –Cauveri- Pennar- vaigai
UPSC
Question
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Prelims2002
c) Mahadnadi- Subarnarekha- Godavari- Krishna- Cauveri- Pennar- Vaigaid) Mahanadi- Subarnarekha- Krishna- Godavari- Cauveri- Vaigai-Pennar
Ans. A)
UPSC
Question
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Prelims2004
(A)west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India have no deltas
(R) These rivers do not carry any alluvial sediments
a) Both correct and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both correct but R is not correct explanation of A
UPSC
Question
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Prelims2004
c) A is true R is falsed) A is false R is true
Ans. A)West flowing river- short distance – no alluvial – no delta
UPSC
Question
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First time recommended by Sir Arthur Cotton in 19th cent
Aims to transfer surplus water of some rivers to water deficit river basins
K.L. Rao, MoWR: Ganga-Kaveri linkDishaw Dastur, pilot: transferring of water using garland canal
River linking project
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1) Transfer of water of Ganga and Brahmaputra towards west and east in south using 14 canals
2) In peninsula plateau: linking of rivers using 16 canals
River linking project
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Largest inter-basin transfer of water in the world if executed
Project will take 50-100 years to complete
May produce 35GW of power
River linking project
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Favour:1) Management of flood and drought2) Expansion of irrigation network3) Drinking water supply
River linking project
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Challenges:1) Indian monsoon climate: rainy
months and dry months occur at the same in the entire country
2) Dams and canals- not proper solution to floods
3) Plateau higher (upland) than northern plains – difficult to pumping of water from plains to peninsula
River linking project
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4) That require large amount of energy and canals5) Submergence of forests and villages6) Blocking of rivers – damage to riverine ecosystem 7) International water disputes and inter-state water disputes
River linking project