GEO L19 Indian Agri Crops

7/25/2019 GEO L19 Indian Agri Crops

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Indian GeographyEconomic geography



Agriculture

Mines andminerals



•Agriculture (+fsheries + live+ orest) contr!"#$ to IndiaG&' (!*

•India%s , -$populationdepended on aallied activities

Importance o Agriculture in Ind



.ubsistence agriculture / rain*ed agric

Mi0ed agriculture (agro+ livestock1 fshpoultry)

2on*mechani3ed

4o5 per1person productivity

&ivision o land throughout generationland ragmentation

6ood crop cultivation dominant

6eatures o Indian agriculture



4o5 agro*investment /

'oor or5ard and back5ard linka

7nder*developed ood*processingindustry

'oor agro*inrastructure8 9old*storages: rerigerated vans etc"

6eatures o Indian agriculture



Make Agri" proftable

Improve 'roductivity

.ustainable Agricultu

India%s targets



Agriculture e;ciency < agri outp

agri input=ut India%s agriculture is subsisteoutput not moneti3ed

Input not moneti3ed / amily memas labourers

Agriculture E;ciency



Agriculture 'roductivity < 5eight

or >t1 ha or 9alled yieldIndia / hal or 1!th o highestproductivity in the 5orld (e0ceptsugarcane and 5heat)

Agriculture 'roductivity



) ?igh productivity areas8

?igh investment in input* machin?@: irrigation

'2*?2: Baveri basin: Bashmir

) Good potential areas86ertile land: good rainall: cheaplabour

4o5er Gangetic plains: eastern co

'attern in India%s productivity



!) 4o5 productivity areas8

=ad soil: lo5 rainall: reCuentdroughts: di;cult terrain (mountaplateaus) or deserts

?igh crop ailure: agrarian poverty

DechniCues8 &ryland agriculture:5atershed management

'attern in India%s productivity



Improve9I

seeds 2utrition irrigation 6

Do increase 'roductivity



2utrition

9hemical rganic

.oilconservati

on



Fater*usee;ciency

conventional

9anal: Dube5ell

2on*conventiona

l

Fatershedrain5ater

harv"



6or5ard4inks

9oldstorages

Dransportation

6ood*'Indu

Marketing



! things to consider 5hile improvproductivity

) 9onservation o natural resourc

udicious use o 9hemical inputs

6ertili3ers: pesticides: artifcialhormones

! things to consider8 productivi



) 9haracter o Indian agriculture mnot be destroyed (labour intensiveunemployment

* Moderni3ation should not be at prharvest side (so5ing: 5eeding etc)

* Moderni3ation needed at post*harside" I"e" storage: ood*processing:marketing: transportation: agro*

research




!) 2o blind race to achieve highproductivity

Darget to achieve optimum andsustainable target o productivity

2ot to achieve highest productivit5ill e0haust our natural resources




Ag

ri

9rop

.I4

Fate

r

2utri"M19

6in"

Mkt

A i lt i I di



•

! main seasoncultivation in I

) Bhari

) Habi

!) aid

Agriculture*season in India

M J



Bhari crops Habi crops aid cr

Monsoonseason

Finterseason

&ry sumseason

All cropse0cept Habi

crops

Fheat:gram:

linseed: peaand Mustard

egetaand ru

Hice:

sugarcane:

MaJor crops

Hi



•MaJor staple oo

• India* largest arrice in the 5orld

• temp <*- deconditions

•Fater intensive

•Gro5n in 5etter

•'roductivity is locompared to 5h

Hice

D h i t lti t Hi



• apanese

transplantatiotechniCue

•'eninsular Ind

less 5ater intedry*upland rice

•2e5 .HI techn

DechniCues to cultivate Hice

Hice



•K*L$ rom summer rice /Aman: .ali: A

•'eninsular plaautumn rice /

•East India / surice / =oroN a'aluaN

Hice

Fheat



•Habi crop

•

Demp8 L* d•2ot 5ater intecrop

•.ub*tropical cr

•'roductivity hiin India* ater revolution

Fheat

Fheat producing areas



•Festern

disturbances h5heat ripening

•Fheat is gro5

5inter in India•2orth and nort5estern part

Fheat producing areas

'ulses



•4entils and gra

•MaJor source o

vegetable prot

'ulses



crop Area of

cultivationMoong Eastern India

coast (ma0

area)Arahar (Duar) 2orth India a

M'

7rad =lack .outh India

'roblems8 pulse cultivation



Ater Green revolution: cultivatiorice and 5heat promoted

?igh M.' on grains

'ulsed pushed to marginal lands

'ulse production declined 1 stagn

?igh pulse import

'roblems8 pulse cultivation

Govt schemes or pulse cultivat



Introduction o &ryland agriculturprogram to encourage pulse cultiv

HB@ / Kk pulse village prog"

2ational 6ood security Mission inpulses

Darget8 mD pulse production

Govt" schemes or pulse cultivat

Millets



2eed less rainalcrops)

•Entirely gro5n usubsistence arm

•Gro5n or odde

•ery nutritious aaOordable

• Important or 2usecurity

•

=ut least preerr

Millets

• a5ar !th mo

a5ar (.orghum)



• a5ar / !th moimp crop aterand 5heat

•Bhari + Habi 9•.uitable or raareas

•

HeCuire arouncm rainall / dsituation

•M?: M': B2: A

a5ar (.orghum)

=aJra



•Bhari crop

•*- cm rain5arm climate

•=right sunlightlight sho5er

•M?: G: 7' < =

=aJra

Hagi



•

&rier part / racrop

•*! deg tem

•B2 largest pro

(more than -

Hagi

9otton



•&ry crop / not mrain needed

•=ut adeCuate antimely supply o to roots

•=lack soil* highly

retentive* keep rmoist

•&ry regions o bl

9otton

9otton8 producing areas



• Draditional cotareas

•Festern India

•=ut high proftshit to '2 and

Baveri basin re•ver*irrigationseasons / soilsalinity

9otton8 producing areas

De0tile industries in India



ne o the most important industIndia

4abour intensive

=ack5ard linkages 5ith agricultu

&uring =ritish era: =ombay devest center or te0tile industries

Mumbai: Amaravati: ardha*pune.atara*2agpur

De0tile industries in India

M? region



=lack soil / cotton producing reg

Mumbai port (import o machinerand coal + e0port o te0tile)

9heap labour rom surroundingregions

6inance rom rich 'arsis and GuJamerchants

Mumbai* agglomeration / inertia

develo ment

M? region

.hit to GuJarat



Mumbai* congestion: strong labounion

Ahmedabad / located at heart ocotton gro5ing regions

Ahmedabad / emerging market:

cheap labour supplyMore impetus Ater developmentBandla

Ahmedabad =haruch adodara

.hit to GuJarat

.hit to Damil 2adu



Earlier InadeCuate amount o ra5materials

Ater development o rail5ay: supo ra5 material

4ack o coal / po5er" &evelopme

?E'9oimbatore: .alem: Duticorin:'ondicherry

.hit to Damil 2adu

> Damil 2adu is a leading>



'r

>" Damil 2adu is a leadingproducer o mill*made cottonyarn in the country" Fhat could

be the reasonP

" =lack cotton soil is thepredominant type o the soil

in the state" Hich pool o skilled labour is

available

Fhich o the above is1are

a) only >



'r

a) only

b) only

c) =oth and d) 2either nor

Ans" =)&ominant soil type in D2 is redsoil

.oil in D2



> A state in India has ollo5ing >



'r

>" A state in India has ollo5ingcharacteristics8

" 2orthern part is arid: semi*arid

" Its central part producescotton

!" 9ultivation o cash crops ispredominant over ood crops

a) Andhra 'radesh >



'r

a) Andhra 'radesh

b) GuJarat

c) Barnatakad) Damil 2adu

Ans" b)'redominant crops in G8 cotton:tobacco: ground nut: castorseed

> Analyse the actors or highly >



M

>" Analyse the actors or highlycentralised cotton te0tileindustry in India" (-)

6actors8

) Ha5 material

) Energy source

!) 9heap labour

) 6inance

-) Market

.ugarcane



•Fater intensivcash*crop

•Heliable cash cthan cotton

.ugar cane areas



• Draditionalsugarcane are2orthern plain

•2orth India* sutropical variety

sugar content*•.ugar actoriein 5inter seaso

.ugar cane areas



•

6rom northern'lains: .hit to

) south India

) '2*?2

!) Festern Ind

.ugar cane areas8 .outh India



Dropical variety / coastal areasQ humidity

?igh sugar content: high yield.ugar actories open year around

.killed disciplined labour

.ugarcane /need eOective post*harvest

management

=etter 5ork in cooperative sector

.outh India organi3ed cooperative sector

>" &o you agree that there is a >



M

>" &o you agree that there is agro5ing trend o opening ne5sugar mills in southern states o

IndiaP &iscuss 5ith Justifcation"(-)

il*seeds



•

Ground nut: suRo5er: mustarpalm*oil: soya

•4o5 productiv

issue similar topulses and mi

il*seed il content 'roducin



il seed il content 'roducinstates

Ground nut *-$ oil G: A': D

.esame -*-$ oil G (Indiathe large

Hape seedand Mustard(Habi)

-*-$ oil 7': H: '(India is largest)

4inseed (Habi) !-*-$ oil M': 7' a=ihar

9astor seed -$ G (1!th

'roblems8 oil*seeds



Draditionally lo5 productivity in oseed production

Input intensive + price volatility

6armers aversion to cultivate oil*

Important or vegetable at

Import rom .E Asian countries

?ighest import bill in ood*basket

Govt" promotion 8 oil*seeds



Mission on il*seed and oil*palm

Increase oil*seed production "-$year

=ut yet not matched 5ith edible demand

Govt" introduced S@ello5 Hevolutipromote oil*seed cultivation

Dea



•2eed high rainaTcm

• Dea* roots cannotolerate 5ater*loGro5n on slopes

) ?imalayan slo

) 2ilgiri

India largest prodL$ domesticallyconsumed

Dea8 plantation



• Introduction by=ritish

• India* largestproducer

•4abour intensi

sector• Important or5omen emplo

>" Fhereas =ritish planters has >



M

developed tea gardens all alongshi5aliks and lesser ?imalayas

rom Assam to ?imachal'radesh: in eOect they did notsucceed beyond &arJeeling

area" E0plain" ()

) &isappearance o lesser him in >



M

east

) .teep*slope / absence o

soil1ertile soil!) ?eights / lo5 temp (rost)

) 4o5 population density

-) &i;cult terrain / transportation

issues

K) 6ar a5ay rom ports (Bolkata or9hittagong)

ute



•Gro5n in highrainall and hu

areas

•Fater*intensiv

• Draditional are

•?ugli basin•.hited to Godbasin

Hetting o ute



ute



nce it 5as called Sgolden fber% highest 6HEU earner crop in Indi

Germany* synthetic fber / demadeclined

Doday not so important

2eed more research and innovatpromote Jute

Ecological than synthetic fber

.pices



• India 5as kno5its spices since

ancient times•.lopes o 5estGhats (largest

•

Assam (9arda•H (chili)

•A' (turmeric)

.pices in BH



4argest producer o 'epper:9ardamom: Ginger: areca*nut

?ot: ?umid climate (*- cmrainall)

*m height o Festern G

loamy lateritic soilsB2: D2 are other important spiceproducer states

>" 6ollo5ing are theh i i i

>



'r

characteristics o an area inIndia

" ?ot and ?umid climate

" Annual rainall cm

!" ?ill slopes up to an altitude

o m" Annual range o temperature

- deg to ! deg

Fhich one o the ollo5ing cropslik l f d i h

>



'r

are you most likely to fnd in thearea described aboveP

a) Mustard

b) 9otton

c) 'epper

d) irginia tobacco

Ans" 9)

>" Dhe lo5er Gangetic plains ischaracteri3ed by humid climate 5ith

>



'r

characteri3ed by humid climate 5ithhigh temperature throughout theyear" Fhich one the ollo5ing pairso crops is most suitable or thisregionP

a) 'addy and cotton

b) Fheat and utec) 'addy and ute

d) Fheat and cotton

Ans" 9) >



'r

'addy and ute

.eed Mission (th 'lan) b Min o agri

.eed Mission



.eed Mission (th 'lan) by Min" o agri

6or maJor - crops

Do increase production o certifed Cuality Do enhance the seed replacement rate (.

Do upgrade Cuality o arm saved seeds

Do establish a seed reserve at regional le

to meet reCuirement during natural calam7p*gradation o public sector seed produagencies"

GEO L19 Indian Agri Crops

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