Geneza vaselor de sange
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Geneza vaselor de sange
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INTRODUCERE
De ce incepe vasculogeneza: embrionul se dezvolta, devine din ce in ce mai autonom, creste nevoia de combustibil (oxigen, nutrienti).
Vase extraembrionare apar in sapt 3, apoi intraembr in sapt 4.
Desi inima se formeaza prima, ea nu pompeaza pana nu incepe conturarea vaselor.
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INCEPUTURI = MEZODERMUL INTRAEMBRIONAR
Din epiblast (zona liniei primitive) => endoderm si apoi mezoderm intraembrionar.
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mez intraembr ( in functie de ce va deveni)se imparte in 3 parti:
- mez paraxial (langa locul liniei primitive, ce va involua)- mez mijlociu- lateral.
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Cel lateral va lua 2 directii de crestere:
- somatopleuric - splanhnopleuric
( SI va delimita intre aceste foite Celomul intraembrionar)
mezodermul splanhnic => HEMANGIOBLASTELE
(precursoare pt celulele sangvine + vase)
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(Ziua 17) Hemangioblastele se agrega in INSULE SANGVINE, cu dispozitia:
- celulele interne =precursoare celule sangvine sau limfatice
- externe = precursoare celule endoteliale.
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Precursoarele celulelor endoteliale agreaga in
PLEXUL CAPILAR PRIMAR (artero-venos).
Suntem in Ziua 18.
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model de vascularizatie membru ; Observam formarea conexiunilor art-vena
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Pana in ziua 21, reteaua vasculara se dezvolta in zonele:
- vilozitatile coriale (viitor sistem placentar)- sacul vitelin (viitor sistem port, ficat-intestine s.a.)- pediculul de fixatie (a ombilicale)- sistem embrionic (apare pe net) (arcuri aortice)
Asta e si ordinea aparitiei vaselor, aproximativ.
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DEZVOLTAREA SISTEMULUI
ARTERIAL(se face din plexul capilar primar, simetric)
vezi legatura dezvoltare din mezoderm a inimii si aortelor:
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Basic_-_Primitive_Heart_Tube
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SCHEMA GENERALA
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Sens:
-vena ombilicala
-cava inferioara
-A d
-Vd , duct artero-plm / (prin foramen oval) A s
-V s
-aorta asc
-arc aortic
-aorta desc
-art ombilicala
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- vilozitatile coriale (viitor sistem placentar)- sacul vitelin (viitor sistem port, ficat-intestine s.a.)- pediculul de fixatie (a ombilicale)- sistem embrionic (apare pe net) (arcuri aortice)
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Aorta DORSALA are ramuri:
•ventrale (arcuri aortice, a din anastomoze viteline, a din jurul pediculului de fixatie), numite segmentare (cred ca se refera la somite)
•lateral (rinichi, gonade, suprarenale), numite segmentare
•dorsolaterale (muschi, piele, SNC), numite intersegmentare
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RAMURILE VENTRALE (EMBRIONICE)Din trunchiul arterial comun se dezvolta un sac aortic din care apar arcuri aortice (sau faringiene), vestigii ale vascularizatiei branhiilor la pesti (de acolo s-a luat ideea, la om va evolua diferit).
Arcul 5 lipseste la om. (avem 1,2,3,4,6)
Aceste arcuri apar cranio caudal, si se arborizeaza in forma de cos in jurul faringelui.
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Ele se dezvolta sau involueaza diferit:
ductus arteriosus = conduce sangele suntat trunchi pulmonar-aorta descendenta (pe net scrie ca se uneste cu arcul aortic); permite ocolirea plamanilor nefunctionali; se inchide la nastere; devine ligamentum arteriosum (ataseaza trunchiul pulmonar la aorta).
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Nervul laringeu recurent stang este influentat, ca pozitie,de arcul aortic stg 6, apoi ligamentul arterial. Nervul drept, scapand de arcul 6 drept (ce involueaza), va fi prins sub arcul 4 (viit a subclaviculara dr).
pentru animatie, vezi: http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/aarch/aarch.html
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RAMURILE VENTRALE (VITELINE)
Plexurile formate in scaul vitelin, la curbarea embrionului, anastomozeaza cu multe alte artere din embrion si dezvolta teritorii de irigatie:
- 5 anastomoze cu aorta dorsala de deasupra deafragmei => artere esofagiene
- 3 artere se dezvolta sub diafragma:o a celiaca (splina, intestin anterior, esofag abd - pana la port desc
a duodenului) o a mezenterica sup (intestinul mijl, pana la flexiunea colica stg)o a mezenterica inf (pana la o parte din rect).
Cele 3 artere subdiafragm se conecteaza la aorta dorsala la un nivel, ca pe parcurs sa ajunga la un nivel inf, datorita evolutiei embrionului: celiaca (C7=>T12), mez sup (T2=>L1), mez inf (T12=>L3).
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Artera celiaca
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Mezenterica inferioara
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Mezenterica superioara
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RAMURILE VENTRALE (PEDICUL FIXATIE)
= numite ombilicale de profa
Emerg din a dorsala un timp, dar originea este “derivata” (exprimare profa) spre iliace interne. (e din ele)
(internele emerg din dorsala, de aceea pctul de origine “coboara”).
Ele se dezv inaintea celor embrionare.
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RAMURILE LATERALE
(profa zice ca ies din aorta descendenta, pe net scrie ca din a dorsala)
Vascularizeaza:
- glandele suprarenale (astea primesc sange si de la frenice inf si renale)
- gonadele (arterele se alungesc daca is testicule)- rinichii (ca organe, se formeaza sacral si urca lombar,
de aceea vor degenera si se vor forma artere noi pe tot acest traseu; posibil sa ramana chiar si o pereche a aceesorii)
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RAMURILE INTERSEGMENTARE
Apar pe fetele posterolaterale ale arterei descendente (sacro-cervical zice profa, eu cred ca vb de a dorsala), irigand zona somitelor:
- ramuri DORSALE din intersegm:o tub neural (SNC)o epimere (muschi profunzi gat si spate)o cutanat
- ramuri VENTRALE din intersegm:o hipomere (muschi din partea ant a corpului)o cutanato artere intercostale
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- nu zice din ce ramuri:o a cervicale profunda si ascendentao a toracica into a epigastrica sup si inf
- intersegmentara C7:o vasculariz membr superior
- intersegmentara lombara 5 (=a iliaca comuna, naste a iliace interne, a iliace externe)
o realizeaza conexiune ulterioara cu a ombilicaleleo vasculariz organe pelviso din ea se form iliacele externe (membru inferior)
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Intersegmentara L5 => iliace interne => a axiala (ce degenereaza, dar avem 3 vestigii) => mica a ischiadica, o buc a poplitee, o buc a peroniera
RESTUL inervatiei membr inf e realiz de ILIACA EXTERNA.
Intersegmentara C7 =>a axiala => a brahiala (brat) => a interosoasa ant (antebrat) => arcada palmara profunda.
RESTUL (a radiala, mediala (8% o avem), ulnara) sunt ramuri ale a axiala.
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