Genetics The study of genes and the inheritance of traits.
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Transcript of Genetics The study of genes and the inheritance of traits.
GeneticsGenetics
The study of genes and the The study of genes and the inheritance of traitsinheritance of traits
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
These are features you These are features you exhibit physically exhibit physically
( your looks) ( your looks)
ExampleExample: Eye color - : Eye color - greengreen
TraitsTraits
The different versions The different versions of a characteristicof a characteristic
Example: blue, green, Example: blue, green, and brown eyesand brown eyes
InheritanceInheritance
Occurs when traits are Occurs when traits are passed down from passed down from parent to child.parent to child.
GenesGenes
Bits of information Bits of information passed down from passed down from parent to child.parent to child.
Made of chemicals Made of chemicals called DNA.called DNA.
Genetic DiseasesGenetic Diseases
Can be passed on through Can be passed on through genes from a parent to the genes from a parent to the child.child.
Example : Example : Marfan SyndromeMarfan Syndrome
(Individual is tall, has long (Individual is tall, has long arms and legs)arms and legs)
Remember - JOE Remember - JOE
ReproductionReproduction
SexualSexual – Sperm – Sperm fertilizes an egg to fertilizes an egg to produce offspringproduce offspring
Asexual Asexual – – occurs when occurs when 1 organism copies itself 1 organism copies itself to produce offspringto produce offspring
FertilizationFertilization
Occurs when a sperm Occurs when a sperm unites with an eggunites with an egg
Offspring Offspring
Another name for the Another name for the childrenchildren of a male and of a male and female parentfemale parent
MutationMutation
Occurs when genes Occurs when genes make a mistake mixing make a mistake mixing and produce new or and produce new or different traits in the different traits in the offspring.offspring.
GenotypeGenotype
A combination of A combination of allelesalleles
Example: TT, Tt, or ttExample: TT, Tt, or tt
*We flipped coins to determine the genotype of our critters and puppies.
AllelesAlleles
T – is considered a T – is considered a dominant dominant alleleallele
t – is considered a t – is considered a recessiverecessive allele allele
TT – is dominant
Tt or tT – is dominant
tt - is recessive
Punnett SquarePunnett Square
Uses mom and dad’s Uses mom and dad’s genotypes to determine genotypes to determine the possible traits of the possible traits of their offspring.their offspring.
4 offspring4 offspring
PhenotypePhenotype
They are the traits They are the traits determined by reading determined by reading the genotype.the genotype.
ExampleExample : FF = black : FF = black fur fur
Black furBlack fur is the is the phenotypephenotype or trait or trait
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