Genetic Mechanisms of Wheat and Chickpea Resistance

8/13/2019 Genetic Mechanisms of Wheat and Chickpea Resistance

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THE ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED IN JOURNAL: J. REP. ACAD. SCI. UKR.

( JOURNAL Dopovidi Akadeii !a"k Uk#ai!$%& ''. ()'&. P. '*+ , '-) (IN UKR.&.

ENETIC /ECHANIS/S O0 WHEAT AND CHICKPEA (CICER

ARIETINU/ L.& INHERITANCE O0 RESISTANCE TO

PATHOENIC /ICRO/1CETE O0 0USARIU/ L. ENUS V. . Tsygankova

Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv

E-mail:[email protected]

In vivo experiments the inheritance of resistance to pathogenic micromycetes (Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. ciceris of !heat

and "icer arietinum #. plants of the next generation$ o%taining from the seeds of plants the first generation$ that at ontogenesis process !ere

processed %y gro!th regulators &iolan$ 'egoplant$ timpo on an infectious %ackground$ !as investigated. )ccording to morpho-physiological

indexes the heterosis-like effect of resistance to pathogens of experimental "icer arietinum #. and !heat plants is set. The molecular-genetic

analysis !ith using *+T-%lot hy%ridi,ation method sho!ed the considera%le difference in the percent of homology %et!een populations of simi')

!ith immune-protective properties of experimental plants and m') of control plants.

Introduction.Plant-groing of almost all orld countries suffers from harmful organisms! insects and mites , "athogenic and "arasitic

microorganisms #$acteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes% as ell as eeds &'() *iseases hich are caused $y "athogenic micromycetes of Fusarium

#. genus, including Fusarium graminearum #.#se+ual stage, /i%%erella ,eae%, damage grain "roduction of heat, $arley, oat, corn and other

cereals, es"ecially in recent decades) According to ood Agricultural organi.ation at UN #A/% data, the raise of damage of cereal cro"s is

o$served in different countries) or e+am"le, in the USA the yield shortage caused $y this disease resulted in an economic detriment accounting '
http://www.agrobiotech.com.ua/en/o-nas-3/research/232-genetic-mechanisms-of-wheat-and-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-inheritance-of-resistance-to-pathogenic-micromycete-of-fusarium-l-genushttp://www.agrobiotech.com.ua/en/o-nas-3/research/232-genetic-mechanisms-of-wheat-and-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-inheritance-of-resistance-to-pathogenic-micromycete-of-fusarium-l-genushttp://www.agrobiotech.com.ua/en/o-nas-3/research/232-genetic-mechanisms-of-wheat-and-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-inheritance-of-resistance-to-pathogenic-micromycete-of-fusarium-l-genushttp://www.agrobiotech.com.ua/en/o-nas-3/research/232-genetic-mechanisms-of-wheat-and-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-inheritance-of-resistance-to-pathogenic-micromycete-of-fusarium-l-genusmailto:[email protected]://www.agrobiotech.com.ua/en/o-nas-3/research/232-genetic-mechanisms-of-wheat-and-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-inheritance-of-resistance-to-pathogenic-micromycete-of-fusarium-l-genushttp://www.agrobiotech.com.ua/en/o-nas-3/research/232-genetic-mechanisms-of-wheat-and-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-inheritance-of-resistance-to-pathogenic-micromycete-of-fusarium-l-genushttp://www.agrobiotech.com.ua/en/o-nas-3/research/232-genetic-mechanisms-of-wheat-and-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-inheritance-of-resistance-to-pathogenic-micromycete-of-fusarium-l-genusmailto:[email protected]


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$illion 0 in '112 and 344 million 0 in '115) Not less annual economic losses are o$served in China, Canada, countries of South America, and also

in Ukraine, here damage of agricultural cro"s $y this "athogens amounts u" 64-74 8 &',, 2, 5()

9armfulness of cereals affection $y Fusarium graminearum #.consists in considera$le yield loss and decline of soing "ro"erties and

nourishing grain :uality) ;he dis"lays of sick "lant "athogenesis are "hysiological signs that sho u" in thinning and in $roning "lant stems #defeat

at early groth stages% or in "lant ithering or fading #the day $efore or in the "eriod of floering%) As a result of "lant vessels corking $y fungal

mycelium and e+cretions $y its to+ic su$stances and ethylene the vascular system #fusarial fading% and "lant tissues #rot of roots, fruit and seed% are

struck)


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Garge la$iality of micromycetes of Fusarium #.genus to the environmental factors and out-of-control a""lication of highly to+ic fungicides of

chemical origin have resulted in the increase of different varieties of Fusariumdue to deterioration of the com"etitive activity $eteen the different

varieties of "athogens)

A "ro$lem of agricultural "lant "rotection against fusariosis is very actual for Ukraine) At the Institute of Biorganic Chemistry and

Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine in coo"eration ith the National


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% the molecular-genetic inde+es L "ercent of homology of $asic constituents of "lant immune system - simiNA #isolated from seedlings of

the nd generation of heat and chick"ea "lants gron on infection $ackground o$tained from seeds of the ' st generation of "lants treated ith

groth regulators and gron on an infection $ackground, i)e) in the "resence of Fusarium graminearumand Fusarium oxysporum f. ciceris% to

mNA of control seedlings of the nd generation of "lants that ere gron on infection $ackground o$tained from seeds of the 'stgeneration of

"lants gron on infection $ackground ithout treatment $y groth regulators) Small regulatory simiNAs ere isolated from "lants $y

our earlier ela$orated and "u$lished method &'5() S"ecificity of groth regulatorsM "ost-action as determined according to difference in the degree

of homology $eteen simiNA and mNA of the control and e+"erimental heat and chick"ea "lants of different varieties)

Results and discussion) As one can see from ig) ' and ig) the seedlings o$tained from seeds of $oth varieties of chick"ea "lants,

infected $y "athogenic micromycete F. oxysporum f. ciceris, and seedlings o$tained from seeds of $oth varieties of heat "lants, infected $y

"athogenic micromycete F. graminearum, hich ere treated ith groth regulators Biolan, ego"lant and Stim"o, according to integral inde+es of

seed germination s"eed and groth, "assed ahead shar"ly the groth and develo"ment of the control seedlings, o$tained from the seeds of "lants

that ere gron ithout regulators on an infectious $ackground)

Already, starting from the 3 thday to 6thday from the $eginning of germination the groth inde+es of the e+"erimental seedlings e+ceeded

almost three times inde+es of control seedlings) It testifies a$out increasing via$ility of ne generation of "lants due to their treatment ith groth

regulators and a$out high $iological "otential of seeds o$tained from chick"ea and heat "lants, hich ere gron on an infectious $ackground

and treated ith groth regulators, as com"ared to "lants of first generation gron on an infectious $ackground ithout treatment ith groth

regulators)

or greater demonstrativeness the ty"ical si.es of control and e+"erimental chick"ea seedlings taken from Petri-dishes A and C #ig) % areshoed on ig) 2)

;he e+"lanation of this difference on groth inde+es $eteen control and e+"erimental "lants can $e results of molecular-$iological

e+"eriments that are "resented in a ;a$le)

;he differences of mor"hological inde+es shoed in a ;a$le testify in favor of the circumstance that seedlings o$tained from the seed of first

generation "lants hich during the vegetation stage ere treated ith the groth regulators Biolan, ego"lant and Stim"o on infection $ackground

#in the "resence of "athogenic micromycetes F. graminearumand F. oxysporum f. ciceris% according to integral inde+es of germination, groth and


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develo"ment have higher via$ility in com"arison ith control seedlings #o$tained from seeds of infected "lants of first generation hich ere not

treated ith groth regulators%)

A considera$le difference as found also on molecular-genetic inde+es, namely in all the e+"erimental variants the "ercent of homology

$eteen immune-"rotective simiNA #that as isolated from seedlings o$tained from seeds of infected and treated ith groth regulators "lants%

and mNA #isolated from control seedlings% differs considera$ly) It is "ossi$le to see also varietals differences in the effects of "ost-action of

different groth regulators #on differences in the homology level $eteen simiNA and mNA of the control and e+"erimental heat and chick"ea

"lants of different varieties%) /$tained difference on the a$ove-mentioned inde+es confirms circumstance that in the em$ryogenesis during the"eriod of forming of "lant em$ryos the genome re"rogramming occurs $y a ay of sitching of one ada"tation genes on others in gene families of

the same functional "ur"ose, $ut s"ecific to concrete "hysiology conditions hich are formed under action of groth stimulants) esults that ere

o$tained in our earlier e+"eriments &'6, '7( as ell as data hich suggests an e+istence of the fle+i$le system of "lant cell genome re"rogramming

under action of groth regulators $oth on the different stages of ontogenesis &'1( and during the ada"tation mechanismsM formation of "lant

resistance to the different "athogenic organisms &4( confirm this su""osition)

Conclusions. The results of conducted experiments testify in favor of the mechanism of epigenetic

inheritance of resistance to pathogenic micromycetes of Fusarium L. genus by the investigated wheat and

chickpea plants of next generation obtained from seeds of first generation plants which were treated on

infection background by growth regulators with bioprotective properties Biolan, Regoplant and Stimpo. We

concluded that at the embryogenesis during forming of plant seeds there is observed the process of

reprogramming genome of plant seed embryos through the way of switching on! genes of the

antipathogenic si"miR#$ which synthesis is induced under %&Rs' action.

References


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')0onomarenko . 0.$ Terek +. I.$ 1rytsayenko 2. 3. etal.Bioregulation of "lant groth and develo"ment) In Cha"ter 5 of the Fonogra"h

Bioregulation of micro$ial-"lant systemsO


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Fig. 1. The 7day old seedlings of !heat "lants #variety $%astivka&'!

(, )L seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants, untreated groth regulators #control%@

*, +- seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants, treated ith Stim"o@

, F seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants, treated ith ego"lant


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Fig. -. The 7day old seedlings of Cicer arietinumL. #variety $Trium"h&'

(L seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants, untreated groth regulators #control%@

)- seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants, treated ith Stim"o@

* seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants, treated ith ego"lant@

+ seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants, treated ith Biolan


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( )

Fig. /. Com"arative si.es of 6 day old "icer arietinum#.seedlings, o$tained from seeds of "lants that during the vegetation stage ere treated #A%

and ere not treated #B% $y groth regulator ego"lant on infectious $ackground #Fusarium oxysporum f. ciceris%


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Table

P2a!3 va#ie3ie4 a!d 5#o637 #e5"2a3o#4

1

W7ea3 p2a!3 va#ie3ie4

8La43ivka9 va#ie3$ (va#ia!34 o e;pe#ie!34& 8P#i!


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Genetic Mechanisms of Wheat and Chickpea Resistance

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