A General Framework for Temporal Fair User Scheduling in ...
General Scheduling Notes 1/2 credit required · 2019-05-31 · General Scheduling Notes The...
Transcript of General Scheduling Notes 1/2 credit required · 2019-05-31 · General Scheduling Notes The...
General Scheduling Notes The following information will assist you in completing your
schedule for next year. Please give careful thought to your
selection of courses.
You and your parents are responsible for choosing courses
designed to meet graduation requirements. If you do not com-
plete schedule requests by the deadline, your counselor will
complete one for you. This eliminates the opportunity for you
to choose your own classes and, therefore, prevents you from
changing the schedule made out for you.
• All underclassmen are required to take English, math,
science, and social studies.
• Please select your classes carefully. Schedule change
requests may not be honored after the start of school.
• A required subject is a course that all students must com-
plete successfully in order to meet minimum state and local
graduation requirements.
• An elective subject is a course students may take to com-
plete units needed for graduation. Additional courses in
required areas may count as electives.
• Students must check prerequisites carefully before choosing
courses. Students will be removed from classes for which
they are not qualified.
• The counselor approves all schedules. If conflicts arise dur-
ing the summer, the counselor changes courses to ensure a
schedule for next year.
Planning for Graduation and Beyond High School Graduation Requirements English/Language Arts................................4 credits required
English I, English II, English III, English IV
Language arts must be taken each year of high school.
Mathematics .......... 3 credits and the successful completion
of a grade-twelve math course required
Each Jefferson County Public Schools (JCPS) graduate will take
a math course every year of high school and successfully com-
plete a math course in the twelfth grade. It must meet the con-
tent standards in the state’s Kentucky Core Academic Standards
(KCAS) and prepare a student for a career path based on the
student’s Individual Learning Plan (ILP). Algebra I, Geometry,
and Algebra II will continue to be requirements for all graduates.
Science..........................................................3 credits required
Each required course shall incorporate lab-based, scientific
investigation experiences and include the content strands of
biological science, physical science, earth and space science,
and unifying concepts.
Social Studies...............................................3 credits required
To include content strands of U.S. history, economics, govern-
ment, world geography, and world civilizations
Health ...........................................................1/2 credit required
To include the content strands of individual well-being, consumer
decision, personal wellness, mental wellness, and community
services
Physical Education .....................................1/2 credit required
To include the content strands of personal wellness, psychomo-
tor skills, and lifetime activity
History and Appreciation of
Visual and Performing Arts ..........................1 credit required
History and Appreciation of Visual and Performing Arts or an-
other arts course that incorporates such content; or a standards-
based specialized arts course based on the student’s ILP
Electives........................................................7 credits required
Electives shall include the following:
• Academic or Career: A four-course sequence of electives
connected to his or her academic or career interest goals as
listed on the ILP
• World Language: Two world language credits are recommended
for college-bound students.
• Technology Competency: Students must demonstrate
performance-based competency in technology.
Each student must demonstrate minimum performance-based
competency in technology in one of the following ways:
1. Before entering high school: demonstrate proficiency on the
JCPS grade-eight technology assessment
2. During high school: either earn IC3 certification or success-
fully complete a high school Computer and Technology
applications course
Total ............................................................................ 22 credits
Additional Diploma Standards Transition Courses If a student does not meet the college-readiness benchmarks for
English, reading, and/or mathematics as established by the Council
on Postsecondary Education in Kentucky Administrative Regula-
tion (KAR) 2:020, the student shall take an English and language
arts or mathematics transitional course or intervention, which is
monitored to address remediation needs before exiting high school
(704 KAR 3:305). Monitoring involves an exit exam. The Kentucky
Department of Education (KDE) supports two COMPASS exams.
Students not meeting readiness benchmarks on the exit exam have
an opportunity to demonstrate readiness in other ways.
ILP Each student shall complete an ILP that emphasizes the following:
• Career exploration and plans
• Related postsecondary education options, including informa-
tion about financial planning for postsecondary education
• Educational needs, including courses that the student intends
to take
The ILP shall be readily available to the student and parent, and
the student, parent, and school officials shall review and ap-
prove it at least annually.
English 4 credits
Mathematics 3 credits, including Algebra 1, Algebra 2,
and Geometry
Science 3 credits, including Life Science, Physical
Science, and Earth/Space Science
(at least one of these courses being a lab
course)
Social Studies 3 credits required from World History,
U.S. History, and courses covering
Economics, Government, and World
Geography
Health ½ credit
Physical Education (PE) ½ credit
History and Appreciation
of the Visual and
Performing Arts
1 credit
World Language 2 credits in the same language
Electives 5 credits of rigorous, academic merit,
including computer literacy.
Recommended precollege curriculum for
selective colleges and universities (e.g.,
Harvard, Duke, Vanderbilt, Centre, and
Hanover)
Required Number of Credits for Promotion Sophomore................ 5 credits
Junior........................11 credits
Senior ...................... 16 credits
Early Graduation The Jefferson County Board of Education (JCBE) encourages all
students to obtain a high school diploma through a four-year pro-
gram. Students wishing to complete all state and local graduation
requirements sooner than four years must declare their intent to
their counselor before the end of the tenth grade. The local require-
ment for the fourth year of English may be satisfied by successful
completion of a freshman English course in an accredited college
or university, provided prior approval is obtained.
End-of-Course Exams Students can prepare for rigorous, college-level work by working
toward proficiency on End-of-Course (EOC) exams. Currently,
students will take an EOC exam in English 2, Algebra 2, Biology,
and U.S. History. In the future, the state may add more subjects.
Students should note that the EOC exams count toward 20 per-
cent of the final term grade.
Advance Program The Advance Program is a JCPS program for academically gifted
and talented students. To participate in Advance Program courses,
students must have teacher/counselor recommendation followed by
placement in the program via the screening process. Students are
expected to maintain a 3.0 grade point average (GPA) while taking
at least three Advance Program or Advanced Placement courses
each year. These courses must be from the following areas: Eng-
lish, mathematics, science, social studies, and world language.
To graduate with an Advance Program diploma, students must
be officially designated as an Advance Program student by the
JCBE screening process by the end of the tenth grade, earn a
minimum total of 12 Advance Program (or Advanced Placement/
International Baccalaureate [IB] or Cambridge A or AS level)
credits, and earn a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0.
If an Advance Program student’s GPA drops below the standard
3.0, the student will be placed on academic probation for at least
one trimester/semester. After the probationary time, the student
may be exited from the Advance Program if the GPA remains
below a 3.0.
Honors Program The Honors Program is a college-preparatory course of study for
students seeking a four-year degree from a college or university
after graduating from high school. This program includes the
precollege curriculum for Kentucky. Students seeking admis-
sion to private or out-of-state institutions should contact those
individual schools to plan accordingly.
To graduate with honors, students must meet the minimum
graduation requirements with all required core content in Eng-
lish, math, science, social studies, and humanities at the Honors
level or higher. Students must also complete all of the precollege
curriculum requirements, including two years or performance
equivalents in a world language. Each high school may have ad-
ditional requirements for earning an Honors designation, includ-
ing GPA, course, and performance criteria.
Preparation for College Admissions Applicants to colleges must qualify for admission by a combina-
tion of the following: GPA, ACT/SAT scores, and transcript of
courses. Students should consult college Web sites for specific
information concerning admission requirements. Plans should
be made as early as possible in your high school career so that
everyone concerned will be aware of all necessary requirements
for acceptance. Without discounting the importance of such
factors as character, personality, and civic responsibility, col-
leges place great emphasis on intellectual eagerness, initiative,
academic competence, and maturity.
Since admission to many colleges and universities is becoming
increasingly competitive, students must expect to do intensive
work throughout their high school career or they may have
trouble gaining admission to the college of their choice. Colleges
require a copy of the students’ academic record (transcript) from
grades nine though twelve. Courses taken each year are the
foundation for success in subsequent years.
Requirements for Kentucky Public Institutions The Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education (KCPE) has
prescribed the following in order for high school graduates to be
eligible for regular admission to a four-year degree program at a
Kentucky public university.
Division I
16 Core-Course Rule
4 Years of English
3 Years of Math (Algebra 1 or Higher)
2 Years of Natural/Physical Science
1 Year of Additional English, Math, or Science
2 Years of Social Science
4 Years of Additional Courses From Any Area Above or World Language
Division II
14 Core-Course Rule
3 Years of English
2 Years of Math (Algebra 1 or Higher)
2 Years of Natural/Physical Science
2 Years of Additional English, Math, or Science
2 Years of Social Science
3 Years of Additional Courses From Any Area Above or World Language
GPA Award ACT Award
4.00 $500 28+ $500
3.90 $475 27 $464
3.80 $450 26 $428
3.75 $437 25 $393
3.70 $425 24 $357
3.60 $400 23 $321
3.50 $375 22 $286
3.40 $350 21 $250
3.30 $325 20 $214
3.25 $312 19 $179
3.20 $300 18 $143
3.10 $275 17 $107
3.00 $250 16 $71
2.90 $225 15 $36
2.80 $200
2.75 $187
2.70 $175
2.60 $150
2.50 $125
Though there is no guarantee of admission at highly selective
schools, students must push themselves beyond the minimum
requirements to be competitive for admissions and to be academi-
cally prepared for the coursework. It is recommended that students
exceed the minimum precollege curriculum in the following ways:
English 4 credits, including Advanced Placement
Mathematics 4 credits, including Advanced Placement
Science 3 credits, including laboratory science—
Advanced Placement recommended
Social Studies 3 credits as described above—Advanced
Placement recommended
World Language 3 credits in the same language
Other Electives Coursework that is academic and rigorous
in nature
KEES Scholarship Information— Get Paid for Good Grades! The Kentucky Educational Excellence Scholarship (KEES) is
administered by the Kentucky Higher Education Assistance
Authority (KHEAA). KEES awards those students with an annual
GPA of 2.5 or higher according to the table below. A bonus award
is given to students earning KEES money for their highest ACT
score (or SAT equivalent).
NCAA Eligibility Requirements Every college-bound student-athlete who is attending a National
Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I or II institution
for the first time must be certified by the NCAA Eligibility Center.
To view the latest rules and to register, go to
www.eligibilitycenter.org and click on the prospective Student-
Athletes link. When you register, you must print two requests
for transcripts to give to your counselor. He or she will send the
NCAA Eligibility Center a copy of your current transcript as well
as your end-of-year transcript. When you register to take the
ACT or SAT, you must request that your score be sent to the
Eligibility Center by choosing 9999 as a score reporting location
on your ACT/SAT registration document.
To determine eligibility, the NCAA looks at your grades from your
core classes and your test scores. See the Web site for the latest
requirements. Below are the core courses upon publication:
KHEAA updates account
balances each summer.
Students must have a
Social Security number on file
to create a KEES account.
Special notes: • Division I has a sliding scale for test score and GPA. The sliding
scale can be found on the Eligibility Center Web site.
• Division II has a minimum ACT sum score (adding sub scores
together) of 68 and a minimum SAT score of 820.
• Eligibility GPA is calculated using core courses only. The mini-
mum core GPA is 2.0.
• If you have questions about NCAA eligibility, please call the
NCAA Initial Eligibility Center toll-free at 1-877-262-1492.
Doss High School Professional Career Academies
Diploma from Doss High School
Specialized Training or Certificate
Relevant Learning for College or Career
Dual/College Credits offered from every academy
Tech &
Design
Information Support
Services
Programming & App
Development
STEM
Pre - Nursing
Patient Care Technician
Manufacturing
Engineering Technology
Business/
Finance
Finance
Business Management
Hospitality, Travel &
Tourism
Freshman Academy
Career Exploratory Academy
Social Skill Development
Commitment to Graduation
Academy: Technology and Design Program: Interactive Media Arts
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL
EDUCATION COURSES RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman
Social Studies Digital Literacy * World Language 1 Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Introduction to Media Arts * World Language 2 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Interactive Design * World Language 3 (Advanced Program)
Elective
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Virtual Design Elective
** All students are encouraged to
take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
Moving Image Animation * Two years World Language recommended if
considering University Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the
following postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM(S)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
Multimedia JCTC- Advertising Design UofL- BA in Communications
Marketing Advertising
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Graphic Designer Computer Animator Film and TV Crew
CR
ED
I
T DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
Course Descriptions:
Intro to Media
Arts
An introduction to an survey of the creative and conceptual aspects of designing media arts experiences
and products, including technologies, genres and styles from various and combined media and forms,
including moving image, sound, interactive, spatial and/or interactive design.
Interactive
Design
The creative and conceptual aspects of designing and producing interactive media arts experiences,
products and services, including reactive and interactive technologies, 3D video game animation, interface
design, mobile device applications, web multimedia, social media based, augmented, and/or virtual reality.
Moving Image
Animation
The creative and conceptual aspects of designing and producing animated images for the variety of
storytelling and multimedia presentations including: dramatic narratives, artistic and experimental
presentations and/or installations, ambient, interactive, immersive and performance media, etc.
Virtual Design
The creative ad conceptual aspects of designing and producing simulative, virtual, 3D media arts
experiences, products and services for storytelling and multimedia presentations including: dramatic
narratives, artistic and experimental presentations and/or installations, ambiet, interactive, immersive, and
performance media, etc.
Academy: Technology and Design Program: Information Support Services
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL
EDUCATION COURSES RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman Social
Studies Digital Literacy * World Language 1 Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical Education &
Health Computer Hardware and Software * World Language 2 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Help Desk * World Language 3
(Advanced Program)
Elective
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Management of Support Services Tech. Elective Elective
** All students are encouraged to take a 4th
year of Science and Social Studies Computational Thinking * Two years World Language
recommended if considering University Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the following
postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM(S)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
JCTC- Workforce JCTC- Computer and Information Technology UOFL- Computer Information Services
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Analysts User Support Programmers
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
IC3, CompTIA, Help Desk Institute, MTA Exam KOSSA- Communications
Course Descriptions:
Business
Principles
This course established basic foundations for further study in business and marketing courses and provides
essential information for making financial and economic decisions. Students learn about the fundamentals of the
American free enterprise system and world economics, application of sound money management for personal and
family finances, credit management, consumer rights and responsibilities, forms of business ownership, risk and
insurance, and the importance of international trade.
A+ Students focus on the design of computing systems. This course includes instruction in the principles of computer
hardware and software components, data basis, etc.
Help Desk
Students will learn networking concepts, computer support services, industry-recognized certification training,
advanced Web design, and career exploration while organizing a student-run Technology Help Desk.
Mgmt of Support
Services
Digitally organizing the information technology and information and support services milestones achieved by the
student that is reflective of their industry certification readiness, understanding the cost of doing business and
preparation of technical and behavioral job performances i.e. interviews. The course also focuses on employability
skills to include: professional digital portfolio that emphasizes critical milestones focusing on entry level
information technology technical and employability skills.
Academy: Technology and Design Program: Programming and App Development
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION COURSES
RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman
Social Studies Digital Literacy * World Language 1 Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Game Design Principles * World Language 2 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Intro to Digital 3D Game Graphics * World Language 3 (Advanced Program)
Elective
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Computational Thinking Info. Tech Co-op Elective
** All students are encouraged to
take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
Info. Tech Co-op * Two years World Language recommended if
considering University Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the
following postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM(S)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
UofL- B.S in Computer Information Systems
(Web Development Concentration)
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Internet Project Manager Game Designer Web Graphic Designer
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
IC3 Microsoft Technology Associate
Course Descriptions:
Business
Principles
This course established basic foundations for further study in business and marketing courses and provides essential
information for making financial and economic decisions. Students learn about the fundamentals of the American free
enterprise system and world economics, application of sound money management for personal and family finances, credit
management, consumer rights and responsibilities, forms of business ownership, risk and insurance, and the importance of
international trade.
Game & Design
Principles
This course provides an overview of story development, gaming history, game reviews, current gaming trends and industry
software. Students will begin to create and develop a game story/plot that can be further developed in higher level courses
as well as critique current games. In addition, 2D game development software and image manipulation will be explored to
further enhance their design skills.
Intro to Digital
3D Game
Graphics
This course will focus on creating games using code, animation, and an introduction to 3D design software utilized in the
industry. In addition, students will see how the skills and knowledge acquired in Game Design I & II come together
utilizing a game engine. Emphasizes creating 3Dgraphics using one or more state-of-the-art software packages. Provides
students with a thorough understanding of techniques for designing advanced 3D games and simulation.
Computational
Thinking
Students analyze the structure of the worldwide web, apply basic principles of web developments and HTML, and develop
multi-media web pages. Course content will include understanding of hypertext and web structures. Equipment such as
scanners, digital and video cameras and sound recording devices will be utilized through hands-on instructions. Promotes
understanding of computer programming and logic by teaching students to "think like a computer". Covers skills needed to
develop and design language-independent solutions to solve computer-related problems.
Academy: STEM Program: Pre-Nursing
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
COURSES RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman
Social Studies Digital Literacy Elective Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Principles of Health Science * World Language 1 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Emergency Procedures/Medical
Terminology Medicaid Nurse Aide World Language 2
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Nursing Co-op Anatomy Elective
** All students are encouraged to
take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
* Two years World Language recommended if considering University Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the following
postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM(S)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
Medicaid Nurse Aid JCTC – Medicaid Nurse Aid
Nursing U of L – Bachelor of Science in Nursing
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Nurse Nurse Practioner Doctor
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
State Registered Nursing Assistant (SRNA)/Medicaid Nurse Aide (MNA) KOSSA – Allied Health
Course Descriptions:
Principles of
Health Science
Principles of Health Science is an orientation and foundation for occupations and functions in any health care profession. The
course includes broad health care core standards that specify the knowledge and skills needed by the vast majority of health care
workers. The course focuses on exploring health career options, history of health care, ethical and legal responsibilities,
leadership development, safety concepts, health care systems and processes and basic health care industry skills.
Emergency
Procedures
This course will focus on potential emergency situations. It is designed to promote an understanding of standard precautions
necessary for personal and professional health maintenance and infection control. Upon successful completion of the course,
the student will demonstrate the necessary skills in First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and will be given the
opportunity to take the completion examination as outlined by the sponsoring agency.
Medical
Terminology
Medical Terminology designed to develop a working knowledge of language in all health science major areas. Students acquire
word-building skills by learning prefixes, suffixes, roots and abbreviation. Students will learn correct pronunciation, spelling
and application rules. By relating terms to body systems, students identify proper use of words in a medical environment.
Knowledge of medical terminology enhances the student's ability to successfully secure employment or pursue advanced
education in health care.
Medicaid Nurse
Aide
An instructional program that prepares individuals to perform routine nursing-related services to patients in hospitals or long-
term care facilities under the training and supervision of an approved registered nurse. State Registry is available upon
successful completion of state written and performance examination.
Anatomy
The Anatomy and Physiology course is designed for students interested in learning more about the structures and functions of
the human body. Anatomy and Physiology is one of the most fascinating, challenging, and satisfying science courses. It will
cover pathology, cytology, histology, psychology, and genetics. Also, the course will explore the 11 major systems of the
human body. The following systems will be studied: Integumentary System, Nervous System, Skeletal System, and Muscular
System.
Co-op (Nursing)
Cooperative Education provides supervised on-the-job work experience related to the student's educational objectives. Students
participating in the Cooperative Education program receive compensation for their work. Work-based learning is designed to
complement the classroom instruction. Students will be required to follow program and agency requirements for attendance and
health screenings. These may include but are not limited to: drug screens, TB skin test, and immunization certificates
Academy: STEM Program: Patient Care Technician
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
COURSES RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman
Social Studies Digital Literacy Elective Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Principles of Health Science World Language 1 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities
Emergency Procedures/Medical Terminology
Medicaid Nurse Aide World Language 2
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Long Term Care Co-op Elective
** All students are encouraged to
take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
Production Technology * Two years World Language recommended if considering
University Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the following
postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM(S)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
Medicaid Nurse Aide JCTC – Medicaid Nurse Aide Sullivan University – Bachelor of Science in Nursing
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Medical Lab Technician Radiologist Pharmacy Technician
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
Medicaid Nurse Aide (MNA) KOSSA – Allied Health
Course Descriptions:
Principles of
Health Science
Principles of Health Science is an orientation and foundation for occupations and functions in any health care profession. The
course includes broad health care core standards that specify the knowledge and skills needed by the vast majority of health care
workers. The course focuses on exploring health career options, history of health care, ethical and legal responsibilities,
leadership development, safety concepts, health care systems and processes and basic health care industry skills.
Emergency
Procedures
This course will focus on potential emergency situations. It is designed to promote an understanding of standard precautions
necessary for personal and professional health maintenance and infection control. Upon successful completion of the course,
the student will demonstrate the necessary skills in First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and will be given the
opportunity to take the completion examination as outlined by the sponsoring agency.
Medical
Terminology
Medical Terminology designed to develop a working knowledge of language in all health science major areas. Students acquire
word-building skills by learning prefixes, suffixes, roots and abbreviation. Students will learn correct pronunciation, spelling
and application rules. By relating terms to body systems, students identify proper use of words in a medical environment.
Knowledge of medical terminology enhances the student's ability to successfully secure employment or pursue advanced
education in health care.
Medicaid Nurse
Aide
An instructional program that prepares individuals to perform routine nursing-related services to patients in hospitals or long-
term care facilities under the training and supervision of an approved registered nurse. State Registry is available upon
successful completion of state written and performance examination.
Academy: STEM Program: Manufacturing Engineering Technology
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
COURSES RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman
Social Studies Digital Literacy * World Language 1 Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Foundations of Technology * World Language 2 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Intro to Manufacturing & Manufacturing Systems
* World Language 3 (Advanced Program)
Elective
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Material Process Elective Elective
** All students are encouraged to
take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
Production Technology * Two years World Language recommended if considering
University Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the following
postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM(S)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
JCTC/FAME program – Applied Technology Sullivan University – Bachelor’s in Advanced Manufacturing
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Industrial Technician Industrial Engineer Quality Controller
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
MSSC Certified Production Technician
Course Descriptions:
Foundations of
Technology
This course provides the “foundation" for students to understand and apply technological concepts and processes that are the
cornerstone for the high school technology program. Group and individual activities engage students in creating ideas,
developing innovations, and engineering practical solutions. This course will focus on the three dimensions of technological
literacy: 1) Knowledge, 2) ways of thinking and acting, and 3) technological capabilities. The goal being that students develop
the characteristics of a technologically literate citizen. The course will employ teaching/learning strategies that enable students
to build their understanding of new ideas. It is designed to engage students in exploring and deepening their understanding of
"big ideas" regarding technology.
Intro
Manufacturing
and
Manufacturing
Systems
This is a comprehensive course designed for the study of general concepts and principles of Manufacturing and Manufacturing
systems. This course provides for hands-on learning experience which enhances the understanding of various
metallic/nonmetallic materials, processes, and products. Materials studied may include polymers, ceramics, woods, composites,
and metal materials associated with manufacturing. Students will use basic tools, equipment and operations of manufacturing
industries. Students have the opportunity to engage in product design, prototyping, computer-assisted manufacturing
applications, CNC machines, robotics, and production management. Instruction should be enhanced through participation in
Kentucky Technology Student Association challenges.
Material
Process
The purpose of this program is to provide students with a foundation of knowledge and technically oriented experiences in the
study of the technology of materials and processes. This program focuses on transferable skills and stresses understanding and
demonstration of the technological tools, machines, instruments, materials, processes and systems in business and industry. The
content includes, but not limited to, a study of the pre-processing, processing and post processing of wood, metal, plastics,
composites, and other materials. The content and activities will also include the study of entrepreneurship, safety, and leadership
skills through the participation in Kentucky Technology Student Association.
Production
Technology
This course is to allow students the opportunity to develop a project from "vision to reality" by working with teams to design,
engineer, manufacture, construct, test, redesign, and produce a finished project. This course can serve as a capstone course
working with business and industry as part of their design, development, fabrication, and marketing using skills and knowledge
from previous manufacturing courses.
Academy: Business & Finance Program: Finance
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION COURSES
RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman
Social Studies Digital Literacy Business Principles Elective Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Accounting and Finance * World
Language 1 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Financial Services 1 * World
Language 2 Elective
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Financial Services 2 Financial
Services 3 Credit Union
Entrepreneurship
** All students are encouraged to
take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
* Two years World Language recommended if considering University
Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the following
postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE
PROGRAM(S) UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
Advanced Business Administration General Business
JCTC- Business Administration U of L- Bachelor's in Finance Bachelor's in Economics
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Teller Bookkeeper Accounting
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
Assessment of Skills and Knowledge for Business (ASK) KOSSA- Financial Services
Course Descriptions:
Business
Principles
This course established basic foundations for further study in business and marketing courses and provides essential information
for making financial and economic decisions. Students learn about the fundamentals of the American free enterprise system and
world economics, application of sound money management for personal and family finances, credit management, consumer rights
and responsibilities, forms of business ownership, risk and insurance, and the importance of international trade.
Accounting
This course will provide a introduction to the areas of accounting and finance. Topics will include banking, credit, financial
literacy, career exploration, spreadsheet usage, and technical writing. The accounting principles taught in this course are based on
a double-entry system and include preparing bank reconciliations, payroll taxes, and financial statements. Detailed career
exploration in the various fields of accounting will be available. Technical writing will be provided through a business plan
curriculum and exploration of case studies.
Financial
Services I
This course is designed for eleventh and twelfth grade students interested in pursuing a career in the financial institution field. It
involved operation of a student financial center in cooperation with a sponsoring bank, which provides application of banking and
financial procedures and concepts.
Financial
Services II
Financial Services II is a continuation of Financial Services I, providing opportunities to enhance students' math and English
portfolio writings. Students continue to learn and practice financial activities associated with the operation of a bank and other
finance-related institutions in addition to assuming management and supervisory responsibilities, including training new
employees. Students will participate in a work-based learning experience (e.g., co-op, internship, shadowing, mentoring).
Leadership development will be provided through FBLA and/or the Distributive Education Clubs of America (DECA).
Entrepreneur-
ship
This course is designed to provide students the skills needed to effectively organize, develop, create and manage their own
business. This course is based on the business and marketing core that includes communication skills, economics, financial
analysis, operations, promotion and selling. The culminating project of the course is the development of a comprehensive business
plan. Cooperative education or shadowing experiences may be used to enhance course instruction.
Academy: Business & Finance Program: Hospitality, Travel, Tourism & Recreation
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL
STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION COURSES
RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman
Social Studies Digital Literacy Elective Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Principles of Marketing * World
Language 1 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Advanced Marketing * World
Language 2 Elective
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Entrepreneurship Travel & Tourism
Marketing Entrepreneurship
** All students are encouraged to
take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
* Two years World Language recommended if considering University
Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the following
postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE
PROGRAM(S) UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
Small Business Management General Business
JCTC- Digital Marketing Entrepreneurship
U of L- Marketing U of K – Business Administration/Marketing
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Hotel Manager Tour Guide Event Planner
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
Assessment of Skills and Knowledge for Business (ASK) KOSSA- Marketing
Course Descriptions:
Business
Principles
This course established basic foundations for further study in business and marketing courses and provides essential information
for making financial and economic decisions. Students learn about the fundamentals of the American free enterprise system and
world economics, application of sound money management for personal and family finances, credit management, consumer rights
and responsibilities, forms of business ownership, risk and insurance, and the importance of international trade.
Principles of
Marketing
This course established basic foundations for further study in marketing courses. Students study economic functions at work in the
marketplace, marketing functions including purchasing, pricing, and distribution functions. This course is based on the business
and marketing core that includes communication skills, economics, financial analysis, and promotion. Both marketing and
employment skills learned will improve and increase the chance of successful transition into the world of work.
Travel &
Tourism
Marketing
Entrepreneurship
This course is designed to provide students the skills needed to effectively organize, develop, create and manage their own
business. This course is based on the business and marketing core includes communication skills, economics, financial analysis,
operations, promotion and selling. The culminating project of the course is the development of a comprehensive business plan.
Cooperative education or shadowing experiences may be used to enhance course instruction. Leadership development will be
provided through DECA and/or FBLA.
Advanced
Marketing
This course is designed to enhance marketing skills developed in the marketing prerequisite courses and to learn advanced
marketing skills in such areas as advertising, customer service, supervision, and employee/employer relations for a wide range of
marketing careers. This course is based on the business and marketing core that includes communication skills, emotional
intelligence, economics, marketing, operations, promotion, marketing-information management and financial analysis. Leadership
development will be provided through DECA activities and competitive events.
Academy: Business Program: Business Management
CORE CURRICULUM CREDITS ADDITIONAL CREDITS
ENGLISH MATH SCIENCE SOCIAL STUDIES
OTHER REQUIRED COURSES
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION COURSES
RECOMMENDED ELECTIVES
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L
9 English 1 Math 1 Integrated
Science 1A Freshman Social
Studies Digital Literacy Business Principles Elective Elective
10 English 2 Math 2 Chemistry 1 World History Physical
Education & Health
Accounting and Finance * World Language 1 Elective
11 English 3 Math 3 Biology 1 US History Humanities Principles of Marketing
* World Language 2 Financial Literacy
12 English 4 Math 4 ** ** Business Management
Entrepreneurship Elective
** All students are encouraged to take a 4th year of Science and Social Studies
* Two years World Language recommended if considering University
Program(s)
PO
ST
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y
Secondary career and technical education programs may lead to industry recognized certificates, occupational opportunities or postsecondary education options. Based on the selected career and technical education program and major area of interest, the following
postsecondary options are available.
TECHNICAL CENTER/COMMUNITY COLLEGE CERTIFICATE PROGRAM(S)
COMMUNITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM(S)
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM(S)
JCTC - Entrepreneurship JCTC- Business Administration U of L- Bachelor’ in Business Administration
Bachelor’s in Entrepreneurship
CA
RE
ER
SAMPLE CAREERS / OCCUPATIONS
Store Manager Business Teacher Bookkeeper
CR
ED
IT DUAL CREDIT AND ARTICULATED CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES
Possible Industry Certifications
Assessment of Skills and Knowledge for Business (ASK) KOSSA- Business Management
Course Descriptions:
Business
Principles
This course established basic foundations for further study in business and marketing courses and provides essential information for
making financial and economic decisions. Students learn about the fundamentals of the American free enterprise system and world
economics, application of sound money management for personal and family finances, credit management, consumer rights and
responsibilities, forms of business ownership, risk and insurance, and the importance of international trade.
Accounting
This course will provide a introduction to the areas of accounting and finance. Topics will include banking, credit, financial
literacy, career exploration, spreadsheet usage, and technical writing. The accounting principles taught in this course are based on a
double-entry system and include preparing bank reconciliations, payroll taxes, and financial statements. Detailed career exploration
in the various fields of accounting will be available. Technical writing will be provided through a business plan curriculum and
exploration of case studies.
Principles of
Marketing
This course established basic foundations for further study in marketing courses. Students study economic functions at work in the
marketplace, marketing functions including purchasing, pricing, and distribution functions. This course is based on the business
and marketing core that includes communication skills, economics, financial analysis, and promotion. Both marketing and
employment skills learned will improve and increase the chance of successful transition into the world of work.
Business
Management
This course emphasizes the skills needed for managing a business, which involved the selection and supervision of employees and
includes efficient use of time, personnel, facilities, and financial resources. Students will explore forms of business ownership,
typical business organizational structure; product or service promotion in business; effective communications; human relations
skills required in dealing with employees; and effective management strategies used in personnel, finance, production, marketing,
and information processing.
Entrepreneur
-ship
This course is designed to provide students the skills needed to effectively organize, develop, create and manage their own
business. This course is based on the business and marketing core includes communication skills, economics, financial analysis,
operations, promotion and selling. The culminating project of the course is the development of a comprehensive business plan.
Program Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Comprehensive
Algebra 1
Geometry
Algebra 2
College Algebra
Advance Program/
Advanced Placement
Algebra I ADV or Geometry
ADV
Geometry ADV and/or Algebra 2
ADV
Pre-calculus Calculus AP or
Statistics AP
Program Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Comprehensive
English 1
English 2
English 3
English 4
Advance Program/
Advanced Placement
English 1
ADV
English 2
ADV
English
Language
AP
English
Literature
AP
Course Descriptions English
To meet the minimum program graduation requirements,
students should take the following courses:
Math
To meet the minimum program graduation requirements,
students should take the following courses:
English 1, English 2, English 3, and English 4
Course required for graduation. These courses are designed
to present a wide range of reading experiences with print and
nonprint materials that have literary, informational, persuasive,
and practical purposes. The courses also require students
to use the writing process and criteria for effective writing to
demonstrate their abilities to write in a variety of forms and for
multiple audiences and purposes. Students use writing-to-learn
and writing-to-demonstrate-learning strategies to make sense
of their reading and thinking experiences. Speaking, listening,
and observing skills are used to communicate information for a
variety of authentic purposes. In addition, students continue to
integrate inquiry skills and technology to communicate ideas.
English Language AP
Advanced Placement English Language and Composition is
designed to help students become skilled readers of prose writ-
ten in a variety of periods, disciplines, and rhetorical contexts.
The class prepares students to become skilled writers and fulfills
English credit requirements for graduation.
English Literature AP
Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition is de-
signed to engage students in the critical analysis of imaginative
literature focusing on structures, style, and themes. The class is
designed to prepare the student to write critical or analytical es-
says based on poems, prose, and complete novels or plays. The
class also fulfills English credit requirements for graduation.
Algebra 1
Algebra 1 includes the study of linear equations, linear inequali-
ties, linear functions, systems of equations, and polynomials.
Prerequisite: None
Geometry
Geometry includes the study of linear and angle relationships,
triangles, polygons, transformations, similarity, right triangle
trigonometry, surface area, and volume. Prerequisite: Algebra 1
Algebra 2
Algebra 2 includes the study of functions, including absolute
value, systems, exponential functions, sequences and series,
probability, statistics, polynomials, quadratics, and rational ex-
pressions. Prerequisite: Geometry
College Algebra
College Algebra includes a review of linear equations and func-
tions; polynomial expressions and functions; factoring, includ-
ing quadratic equations and functions; rational expressions,
equations, and functions; radical expressions, equations, and
functions; exponential and logarithmic equations and functions;
and conic equations. Prerequisite: Algebra 2
Precalculus
Precalculus includes the study of functions, polynomial func-
tions, rational equations and functions, radical equations and
functions, exponential equations and functions, logarithmic
equations and functions, trigonometric functions, polar coordi-
nates, vectors, and conics. Prerequisite: Algebra 2
Calculus AB AP
Advanced Placement AB Calculus follows the College Board
curriculum. This course includes a study of functions, graphs, limits,
derivatives as points and functions, second derivatives, applications of
derivatives, integrals, applications of integrals, Fundamental Theorem
of Calculus, and techniques and applications of antidifferentiation.
Prerequisite: Precalculus
Science To meet the minimum program graduation requirements,
students should take the following course
Program Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Comprehensive Integrated
Science 1A Chemistry
Biology
Advance Program/
Advanced Placement
Integrated
Science
1A ADV
Chemistry
ADV Biology AP
Integrated Science 1A
Integrated Science 1A is an inquiry-based interdisciplinary course that emphasized topics in conceptual physics and earth science within a laboratory setting.
Biology 1
Biology 1 is a course that offers a basic understanding of life and life processes. Required topics of study include the cell, the molecular basis of heredity, biological change, the interdependence of organisms, behavior of organisms and energy, and organization in a living system. Laboratory techniques and their application in solving biological problems are key elements integrated into biology.
Biology AP Advanced Placement Biology is a course in which high school
students have the opportunity to earn college credit while they
are still in high school. This course follows the College Board
curriculum and covers topics regularly covered in a college
biology course for majors. A three-hour Advanced Placement
test is administered to students who wish to receive the credit.
A grade of 3 is usually required to receive the college credit.
Chemistry 1
Chemistry 1 is a course that includes the study of atomic
structure and theory, the chemical properties of matter,
chemical reactions, and energy changes. Laboratory
techniques and their application in solving chemical problems
are key elements integrated into this course.
Social Studies To meet the minimum program graduation requirements, students
should take the following courses:
Program Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Comprehensive Exploring
Civics
World
Civilizations
U.S. History
Advance Program/
Advanced Placement
Human
Geography
AP
World
History AP
U.S.
History AP
Exploring Civics
Students explore the branches of U.S. government at the federal,
state, and local levels as well as look at the electoral process and the
idea of Federalism. In the second part of the course, students learn
about civic engagement and the role that people play in society.
With case studies focused on the Holocaust and the Civil Rights
Movement, students explore the multiple perspectives that
encompass these life-altering events. Students also complete a
service-learning project as a component of this course. Students use
Socratic seminars and course-appropriate readings and writings.
World Civilizations
World Civilizations surveys the development of civilization with a
focus on the modern era (1500 to present). In this course, the
student is introduced to and uses the skills and concepts of history,
geography, economics, political science, the behavioral sciences,
and the humanities. Special emphasis is placed on developing
chronological, spatial, and cultural perspectives that were
introduced in the seventh-grade World Civilizations course.
Prerequisite: None
U.S. History
U.S. History completes the study that was introduced in the eighth-
grade U.S. History class and focuses on the development of the
United States since 1865. The course emphasizes an interdisciplinary
approach and the historical method to encourage more than
memorization of facts. The student learns to use a variety of tools to
analyze the social, political, and economic characteristics of various
eras; to develop chronological under- standing; to recognize cause-
and-effect relationships; and to understand the interpretive nature of
history. Prerequisite: None
Other
History Arts HAVPA
History and Appreciation of Visual and Performing Arts (HAVPA)
is the required humanities course for all students. Course con- tent
includes the disciplines of visual art, music, dance, drama, and
literature. Students become aware of how time, place, and society
influence the arts. The course of study enables students to respond to
all art forms through describing, analyzing, interpreting, and
evaluating. Prerequisite: None
Health
Health Education is the secondary health education course
required of all students. It consists of instruction in the following
health areas: personal wellness, behavior choices, communicable
and non-communicable diseases, mental and emotional health,
self-management and coping strategies, nutrition, and safety and
first aid. The study of Family Life Education corresponds to
JCBE policy (required).
Physical Education
Physical Education is the secondary PE course required of all
students. It involves the teaching of lifetime leisure sports,
individual sports, and team sports. Skills learned will be
reinforced, and advanced skills will be introduced. This course
focuses on physical fitness and its evaluation and maintenance.
The student develops a personalized fitness program based on
fitness goals. Content includes refining selected motor skills with
emphasis on lifetime recreational activities to develop and
maintain a healthy lifestyle. Activities may vary according to the
individual needs of the student and to the availability of facilities
and equipment (required).
Digital Literacy
Students will use a computer and application software
including word processing, presentation, database,
spreadsheet, internet, and email to prepare elementary
documents and reports. The impact of computers on society
and ethical issues are presented. It is recommended that
students earn the IC3 certification as a component of this
class.
World Language
Spanish 1
Spanish 1 is an introduction to the language and cultures of the
Spanish-speaking world. The course emphasizes the student’s initial
development of the interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational
modes of communication and an understanding of other people’s
world views, their ways of life, and their patterns of behavior.
Prerequisite: None
Spanish 2
Spanish 2 is a part of the continuing sequence of study begun in
Beginning Spanish. The course offers students opportunities to
improve in the three modes of communicating in Spanish and
increase their knowledge and understanding of the relationship of
cultural products, practices, and perspectives of the Spanish-
speaking world. Prerequisite: Spanish 1 or demonstrated proficiency
Spanish 3
Spanish 3 continues the development of the three modes of
communication with the introduction of specialized vocabulary and
advanced language structures. Students expand cultural knowledge
and learn to interpret the varied products of Spanish- speaking
civilizations, such as music, films, newspapers, literary texts,
architecture, and inventions, in terms of underlying cultural values
and attitudes. Prerequisite: Spanish 2 or demonstrated proficiency