Gender-Responsive Results-Oriented Budgeting at the Local Level Rosario G. Manasan Philippine...
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Transcript of Gender-Responsive Results-Oriented Budgeting at the Local Level Rosario G. Manasan Philippine...
Gender-Responsive Results-Oriented Budgeting
at the Local Level
Rosario G. ManasanPhilippine Institute for Development Studies
Budget process involves 4 stages
• Budget preparation• Budget legislation/ appropriation• Budget implementation• Budget accountability –
monitoring through accounting/ auditing, reporting
But even before the budget, there is
the plan.
Mainstreaming gender in planning process….
should start with formulation of executive agenda/ Local Development Plan
• Is it informed by gender analysis? Does it give information on situation of women and men, girls and boys?
• Does it explicitly recognize the productive, reproductive/ caring, and community management role of women? Does it recognize differences in socially determined roles/ responsibilities of men and women?
• Does it have a clear policy statement on need to address gender needs of women? (practical needs – health, reproductive, child care facilities; strategic gender needs – time saving devices, potable water, sanitation, food security, entry into non-traditional occupations, freedom from domestic violence, credit/ business financing)
• Does it assess the gender-responsiveness of mainstream policies?
Mainstreaming gender in planning process….(2)
Mainstreaming gender in budget process …
Good practice indicates importance of results-oriented budgeting
• focus on outputs & outcomes instead of inputs
• identifies and prioritizes programs/ activities/ projects that contributes to accomplishment of major final outputs
Results-oriented budgeting framework
(Impact)
(Outcome)
(Outputs)
(Budget)
SOCIETAL GOALS
SECTOR GOALS
AGENCY MANDATE
MAJOR FINAL OUTPUTS
P/A/Ps
INPUTS
Performanceindicators/
targets
GRB: mainstreaming gender in budget process …
• Gender concerns should be integrated in definition of program outputs/ performance indicators
• Promotes gender equality in implementation of all programs, activities and projects of government
Defining the sectoral outputs
• Does output contribute towards achieving desired outcomes? Is it effective?
• Is there duplication or conflict with other outputs?
• Are there alternative ways of producing the output?
• Is current production of the output efficient (least costly)?
Output/ performance indicators
Defined in terms of:
• Quality – client satisfaction• Quantity – coverage, number of clients
served• Timeliness • Gender-responsiveness – who benefits? (do
outputs meet needs of women as well as men?) who decides? (did women/men participate in decision making?) who controls? (do women have a say in control over resources?)
Output/ performance indicators (2)
Important to have output indicators that are:
• measurable/ quantifiable• defined in precise terms
Output targets refer to pre-determined levels/ values of indicators
Setting output targets
Approaches• Benchmarking – comparing with performance of
similar organizations/ LGUs• Improvement over current performance • Based on technical standards
Guiding principles• Targets should be challenging but achievable• Over-ambitious or too-easy targets may lead to
underachievement• Targets should consider available resources (i.e.,
budget ceiling)
Framework for analysis of gender-responsive budgeting (GRB)
Gov’t expenditures/ budget can be categorized into 3 groups:
• Gender-specific/ targeted expenditures (e.g. women’s health programs, special education initiatives for girls, programs addressing violence ag. women)
• General (or non-targeted) expenditures • Equal employment opportunities in the gov’t
sector – training for women managers, provision of day care services for LGU employees, parental leave provisions
GRB tools
Gender specific expenditures – are enough resources allocated to program?
• Unit cost estimates needed here!
• Quantify resource budget requirement – is budget allocated adequate given the target?
• Monitoring spending and service delivery- amount of money budgeted, staff allocated, supplies procured, number of clients reached, client feedback
• Assessing outcomes
GRB tools (2)
Non-targeted expenditures • Budget incidence analysis – do men
and women, boys and girls benefit from expd? Need to assess distribution of gov’t spending between men and women, boys and girls; analyze the pattern of service utilization
• Gender aware policy appraisal – are govt policies likely to reduce gender inequalities?
GRB tools (3)
Equal employment opportunities
• Gender balance in government employment
• Gender balance in government training programs
• Gender balance in membership in local special bodies
Health sector
Sector outcomes: reduction in infant mortality rate; reduction in maternal mortality rate
Sector outputs: no. of clients served, coverage rate, gender balance in both
• Gender-specific expenditures/ programs – maternal health (tetanus toxoid vaccination, iron/ vitamin A supplementation, reproductive health, prenatal/ natal/ post-natal care), child health (EPI, micronutrient supplementation), access to potable water supply and sanitary toilets
• Non-targeted expenditures/ programs – provision of basic health care, control of communicable diseases (e.g., TB, malaria, schistosomiasis)
Agriculture sector
Sector outcomes: improvement in agricultural prod’n increase in income of farmers/ fisherfolks, increased food security reduction in poverty/ malnutrition
Sector outputs: no. of clients served, coverage rate, gender balance
Gender-specific programs – are there programs that are designed to address specific needs of women? Specialized credit programs, perhaps?? is there need to develop/ make available technologies that are more appropriate for women? Is there need to expand programs that provide technical support to products/ activities in agri prod’n that women typically play major role in or are related to their caring role (e.g., vegetable and fruit prod’n, food preservation/ processing, home-based livestock raising)?
Agriculture sector output (2)
• Non-targeted programs – agricultural extension/ technical support services (usually by crop); distribution of inputs (e.g. seeds, livestock), credit program
• Key question for non-targeted programs – are services equally available to male and female beneficiaries? Are there discriminatory eligibility criteria to access services?
Performance-based budgets
Advantages• Monitor progress over time• Promote accountability to local community• Help drive change
Disadvantages• Highlight problem but not causes or
solutions• Single indicator cannot provide whole
picture – need to limit to small number of indicators for greater manageability
• May be data intensive