GE Black Light Brochure 1970

7/27/2019 GE Black Light Brochure 1970

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GENERAT@ ETECTRIC


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PL]BLI5I]EO BY GENERAI LLLCTRIC COMPANY 1 LARGL LAry] P L]LPART[IENT / NEIA PARK / CLEVELAND, OHIO

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An architectural rendering (shown) or model treated with fluo-rescent paint and irradiated with black light will give a client arealistic impression of how a full scale completed project will look

lighted at night. Also, with the rendering or m0del, the architectcan demonstrate dramatic uses of black light in show window dis-plays, advertising signs, special decorative effects for holidays, etc.


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ULTRAVIOLET VISIBLE SPECTRUM

NEAR-ULTRA\,|oLET radiant energy (energy not vis-ible to the human eye) causes certain materials to fluoresceor emit visible Iight. The normal human eye is sensitive onlyto radiant energy between 400 and 700 millimicrons in wave-length. Thus, lamps which produce primarily nea r- u ltravioletradiant energy in the 320 to 380.millimicron range are pop-ularly called "black" lights. This term is quite descriptivesince the ultraviolet energy from the "light" source cannotbe seen by the human eye, but the effects of the light onspecial materials can be visually dramatic.

When black light is directed at a fluorescent material, anenergy conversion takes place. The material or chemicalsensitive to ultraviolet energy absorbs the energy, then re'radiates it at longer wavelengths (in the 400 to 700-millimicronrange) to which the eye is sensitive. The energy conversion issimilar to that which takes place in fluorescent Iamps, i.e.,ultraviolet energy in the lamp activates the fluorescent phos-phor coating to produce visible light in white or any other color.APPLICATIONS

Ma ny materials fluoresce u nd er black Iight without th e needfor special treatment. Commonly used types of lubricatingor cutting oils fluoresce, so black light can be used to detectoil leaks or stains. ln the textile industry, black light is usedto detect oil stains, to reveal invisible fluorescent markingsthat outline stitching or cutting lines, and for grading inspec-tion of raw materials.Fluorescing dyes, added to paint, or clear lacquers or var-nishes, permit checking for completeness and uniformity ofcoverage after they have been applied to a surface. Underblack light the treated surfaces glow; uncovered portionsremain dark. Common applications of this are found in thetheater, ice shows, advertising displays, etc.Black light can also be used to detect cracks, pits, or otherdefects in metal parts. Non-magnetic metals are coated with afluorescing penetrant. The excess is removed and sur-face cracks appear as luminous streaks when irradiatedwith ultraviolet.A somewhat different process is used for inspection ofmetals that can be magnetized. The area to be inspectedis first magnetized- Defects that cause a break in the mag.netic path create a leakage magnetic field. Ferrous particlestreated with a fluorescing dye are then applied. When theexcess is removed, the particles will remain at the defectiveareas and are revealed under black light.


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Black light fluorescent and mercury lamps areused for most black light applications. Fila-ment lamps are sometimes used as sources ofblack light, but they are weak and inefficient.INCANDESCENT LAMPS: The General Electric250-watt Purple X incandescent (or filament)lamp ismade specifically for black light service. It features aspecial filier-glass bulb that transmits near-ultra-violet energy but absorbs nearly all ofthe visible lightproduced by the filament. Because of the heat thusconfined, the lamp should be operated intermittently(5 minutesON and l0minutes OFF)and must alwaysbe installed in a porcelain socket. Since the bulbmay fail if heated, the lamp should be used in a

reflector covered by a metal screen.Allhough filament lamps are inherently weakand ineflicient sources of black light. the Purple Xlamp is useful for such purposes as close-rangeexarnination of minerals and other materials forfluorescence. For viewing sketches drawn with flu-orescent inks, paints, or chalks, a single lamp in asuitable reflector is sulficient to iuadiate an areaup to 3 feet square.

o0M ERC U RY LAM PS: l'Iosl mercury lamps produceboth visible and black light. Those designed for blacklight applications are made with bulbs that transmita high percentage ofthe near-ultraviolel energy gen-erated by the mercury arc. With the exception oftheH100BL38-4 lamp (which has a filter glass bulb thatabsorbs nearly all of the risible light generated),all mercury lamps used for black light applicationsrequire external filters.

I,'or developing black light ellects over largeareas, such as ice rinks and theater stages, theH250A37-5 lamp ancl, to a lesser extent. theH400433-1, have been rvidely used in the past. llow-

er.er, the more eflicient black light fluorescentlamps are now largely replacing rnercury lamps forsuch service. N{ercury lamps are still the pre-ferred sources wherever high concentrations ofblack lighr are needed oyer relatiyel) limited areas.For small installations, particularl-v v'here mountingspace is at a premium. the compact H100PSP38-4spot lamps or the ll100PFL3B-1 flood lamps arerecommended. Roth types of lamps are designedrvith PAR-38 hard-glass bulbs on which filterloundels can be clipped.One disadvantage of mercury lamps is thatthey require several minutes $'arm-up time toreach full black light (or visible light) output.

FLUORESCENT LAMPS: There are two kindsof black light fluorescent lamps: BL and BLII1ypes. The RL lamps di{ler frorn standard fluorescentlamps only in the composition of the phosphor whichradiates most of its energy in the near-rrll,ravioletregion, peaking at, about 350 millimicrons.FILTERS: Xl[ost sources of black light produce someyisible Iight which, in most applications, is undesira-ble. If the visible light is not liltered oul, it reducesbrightness contrasts and makes the displax- lesseffective. Therefore, a light-absorbing filter isusually used between the black light source andirradiated sLrrface. With the BLB fluorescenl lamps.the H100BL38-4 mercury lamps, and the Purple Xfilter lamp, the filter is an integral part of the lamp.

Transmission characteristics of filters depend oncomposition and thickness. Composition cleter-mines the relative spectral transmission of thefilter, i.e,, the relatir.e amounts of radiant energyof various wavelengths that it transmits. Some

The BLB lamps are much like the BL lampsbut have an added feature in that the tubes aremade from a special lilter glass. The glass absorbsnearll all of the visible light and transmits a highpercentage of near-ultraviolet energy thus makingexternal JilLers unnecessary.

filters, for example, pass virtually no visible lightand not much ultraviolet either. while others(deep-blue sheet glasses) transmit appreciable vis-ible light and a great deal of near-ultraviolet.Scienl.i{icall-v designed black light filters areavailable in molded squares or roundels and insheet glass. They are used in all black light applica-tions that require a high degree of absorption ofthe visible light. Some of the deep-blue sheetglasses are being used as black light filters althoughthey were not originally intended as such. How-erer, sincc lheir near-uIIrarioleI lransmission ishigh and their cost low. they are used in manyapplications in which some visible light can betoleraled.


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Here are the G-E lamps most commonly used asblack light sources. Add itional information on bal'lasts and circuits is ava ila ble from your G.E lamprepresentative. Relative black light energy data

Types of Black Light LarrPsINCANDESCENTAdva ntages of inca ndescent black llght la m ps:1. They require no ballast or transformer.2. They are low ln cost and I ghtweight.3. They have the r o\dn f lters.4. They deLiver full black light output assoon as they are turned ON.

M ERCURYAdvantages of biack lght mercury lamps:1. The larger sizes are the rrost powerfulsources of b ack light in common use,2. Il\ey ate re ative y compact, lend them-

se ves to good optical control, and per.rnit longer throws of I ght than arepos\ olp \^/r' ''Lorosce_! la 1 p..3. They are ava lab e w th bui t-in reflectorsin PAR'38 spots and floods.4. The H100BL3B 4 is avai ab e \4ith a filterglass bulb.

are based on the o utp ut of the F40BL flu oresce ntas 100; the data represent radiation from 320-420 millimicrons for incandescent and fluores-cent, and 320-400 millimicrons for mercury.

62626a689181a120165270

1382120

260750765

44376

4231535765

FLUORESCENTAdvantages of black lieht f uorescent lampsl1- They are the most effcient source of

b ack lght.2. There is virtual y no visib e ight radiatedby BLB lamps.3.

4.

BL lamps radiate relative y little visiblelight and permit inexpens ve sheet glassfilters to be used in many applications.The I near sources ensure an even andand efficieft distribution of black lghton elongated su rfaces.

FBT5 /'B LFBT5/B L8F 14TB/ B LF15Ta/B LF I 5T8I'B LBF2Ar12lBLF2ATT2IBLBF25r12lBLlzaF25r12lBLl33F3OTB/BL

F4T4/B LF4T5.i B LF4T5 /'B L BF6T5/B LF6T5/ B LB

F30T8/B LB

F64T12lBL,/HO

F4OB L/5F4OB LF4O BLBF48Ti 2/ B L/HO

54130)100a11205. They are relati!ely coo sources.

They deLiver ful UV output as soon asthey are turned ON.7- Rapd start Ao.watt BL and BLB lampscan be d rrrned and flashed.

3 PAR-38 bulb.O Operate lamp wlth two 40W preheat ballasts in para el.

F12r t2/BLlHaF48 PG 17l 1PRF 42r 6lBLF 6416IBLF9618/B LF40T12/BL/rSFCBT9/BLFC12T 1O/B LFC12T 1O/BL/H O

964Ba(d am.)12(d ia m.)12(dlam.)

SingePnl,,4ed. Bipln4 Ptn4'Pin4-Pin HO

'170190220@74@11150O923863

11t/z11/e1/4rt4

65.,.14A223250a3) Lamp operation at 3.0 amps : 285.O 300 ma lamp current.

Base

I\4 ed iu m

LampOrderlngCod e

25AA21l60

M. O. L.lnches

4\'Ae

lv4ed umMedi!rrN4 ogu I

Ad med iu rn

H A5A3H B5A3 /U VH 100A4/rH100A38.4HlOOBL3B 4H l OOPSP3B 4H IOOPFL3B 4H175A39 22r25AA3t,5H400A33-1H400A33 1/T16H 700A3 5- 18H 1000A34 12H 1000A36 15

Ad med. Skt.Ad med. Skt.

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Un.Bpinf,4 n. B pin[4in. Bip nN4in. Bip ntVln. B pint\4in. B pinNled. BipinVled. B pinMed. BiDinft4ed. B pinMed. BipinMed. B pinlvled. BipinN4ed. B pin

2A202530

364B4B4a4B64724264

Vled. B pinkled. BipinMed. BipinVled. BiplnRecessed D.C.Recessed D CRecessed D.C.Recessed D.C.Single P n

3065404060


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FOODS:Black light is used to inspect shelled pecans todetect borers which, in visible light, are the samecolor as the nut meals. Under black light, thepecan meats fluoresce a deep blue, and the borersglow a brilliant white.

Contamination of flour ancl grain from liquidexcreta of rodents is readily detectable under blacklight. l3lack light is ellective in revealing ring rotin diseased seed potatoes. \Iold formation andfungus growth on manv varieties of fbod show upprominently under black light.

Breaks in the hulls of seed beans can be de-tected easil-v under black light because the beanmeat fluoresces while the hull does not. Sour eggsare detected b1. egg+andling devices that projecta narrox.beam of black light through the eggshell.At the breaking tables, blar:k light from overheadluminaire. maLe- il ca-r ln rp.,,gnito .i,'rtr cgESwhich fluoresce green or blue.TEXTILES:Black light is used to detect oil stains in graygoods, to rcveal invisible fluorescent pattern mark-ings applied to fabrics for stitching or cutting, andduring various grading inspections of raw materials.Both RLII fluorescent antl mercury lamps are suit-able for these applications.SANITATION:Black light is used in restaulants to reveal fooddeposits clinging to cooking utensils and tablewareafter washing. It is used in public rest rooms locheck cleanliness (urine splatterings, soap. andgrease srnears fluoresce). Hotels. indLrstrial plants.and olher establishments track dov'n rodcnLsby black light fluorescing their urine trails. Dairiesuse black light units to inspect stalls, equipment,and animals.MINERALOGY:Black light is usetl by prospectors, geologisLs, andhobbyists as an e{Tective means of locating andidentifying yarious minerals many of which flu-oresce in characterislic cokrrs.

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ABOVE Blacklight teveals fluorescent crayon pleat markswhich would be invisible under ordinary light. BELOW -Flaws and breaks in solder conneciions in printed crrcuitboards are easy to detect using black light.

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CAST AND MACHINED PARTS:Two inspection techniques involving black lightare rvidely used in industry today. One, used withmagnetic materials, requires that a strong mag-netic field be set up in the part to be inspected.Cracks or other discontjnuities in the part interruptlhe magnetic field and force the flux lines oulsidethe part. These leakage fields, acting as localmagnets, attract and hold fluorescent ferromagneticparticles used to coat the part. When the part isinspected under black light, flaws are revealedwherever the fluorescent particles have concen-trated in or near a discontinuity in the material.The other method consists of coating a metallicor nonmetallic part with a fluorescent penetlant.The penetrant is drawn into surface defects bycapillary action and becomes visible when viewedunder black light.PROTECTIVE COATINGS:Fluorescent dyes, colorless in visible light, arefrequently added to clear lacquers and varnishes

to permit checking for completeness qnd uniformityof coverage after the coatings have been appliedto surfaces. When examined uncler black light, thetreated surfaces glow while lhe uncovered portionsremain dark.FLUID POWER SYSTEMS:Black light is used to detect leaks in hydraulicsystems, tanks, and pipe lines after adding flu-orescent tracer dyes to the liquid in the system.Where oil is the fluid used. the natural fluorescenceof the oil makes black light inspection particularlydesirable. Aircraft fuel tanks and refrigeratingsystems are regularly inspecied with the aid ofblack light.EMBALMING:Fluorescent chemicals are added to the embalmingfluid injected into the circulatory system of a body.The body extremities are then examined underblack light to determine rvhether the embalmingfluid has been uniformly distributed.

LEFT - A nachined metal pa as it looksunder ordinary general lighling. RIGHTUnder black light, glowing fluorescent dyereveals a crack in the same pari which atleft looked like an acceptable part underordinary light.


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LAUNDRY:Black light makes possible the use of invisiblelaundry marks which are highly desirable from thestandpoint of appearance of finished work. Con-ventional laundry marks are always unsightly andcannot be applied to all pieces of laundry. Invisiblemarks, however, may be stamped convenientlyacross the front of garments and on flat workwhere they are easily seen under black light.

For the sorting operation, fixtures with 100-wat'tmercury lamps have been used over the laundrybins. In some cases. the fixtures are mounted onelectrified ducts to permit moving them across oralong the aisle between bins to cut down on thenumber of fixtures required. A more practicalarrangement, since the development of the blacklight fluorescent lamps, is to mount aluminumreflectors containing these lamps over the aislesbetween bins. Positioning and spacing ofthe fixturesmust be determined by the size and dispositionof the bins. Fixtures must be close enough toensure getting the radiation to all bin openings.

VENDOR PARTSIBlack light has enabled many prime contractors todislinguish betlrcen idenlical parls supplied byseveral subcontractors. Each subcontractor's prod-ucts are marked in some distinctive way withinvisible fluorescent ink. Later, after the partshave been assembled, the prime contractor hasonly to examine the assembly under black light todetermine at a glance the origin of the severalcomponents. If any of them is defective or notas specified, he knows which subcontractor isresponsible.CHARTS:Maps and charts irradiated by black light can bestudied or referred to in the dark. They can beprinted in fluorescent ink, or conventional mapscan be made fluorescent by swabbing the undersurface with fluorescent lacquer.

Reference marks and data notations on radarplotting screens are easily seen and distinguishedunder black light when made by fluorescent crayonsof various colors.CRIMINALS:Finely ground fluorescent powder is used to identifycriminals. The powder is dusted on money, secu-rities, and other valuables and around places wherethey are kept. If a theft occurs and there aresuspects, examination of their hands under blacklight will help identify the thief. The same techniqueis often used to identify persons who have turnedin false fire alarms. Fluorescent tracer pastes areused in similar ways.STAMP COLLECTIONS:Philatelists have found that examination of siampsunder black light reveals types of tampering. I-orexample, washed-off cancellation marks, invisiblein ordinary light, are plainly seen under black light.Several commercially available devices for examin-ing stamps and other small objecis employ one ortwo lo\y-watt BL or, more commonly, BLB blackligh t fluore.cenl lamps.t6Ff- lnvisible iluorescent ink marks which glow under blacklight are used at this amusement park as a te'admission control system.

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Black light fluorescent Iamps find wide applicationtoday as sources of near - ultraviolet energy inwhiteprint or diazo copying machines (For manyyears these copying processes have been referredto as photoreproduction, but more recently theindustry is using the term reprographics.) Thespectral emission of these lamps is a close matchto the spectral sensitivity of most diazo materials,thus making them very elficient for this application.Whiteprint machines utilizing black light fluorescentlamps are considerably slower than machines usinghigh-pressure linear mercury arcs. However' thesemachines o{Ier the advantages of small size, porta-bility, Iow price, and on-the-job copying. \rariousequipments are available for reproducing single-sided translucent or transparent originals fromBl x lI inches in size up to originals 42 inches inwidlh b5 any reasonable length.

Other reprographic processes which may employblack light fluorescent lamPs are:

RTGHT Diazo copying equipmenl requires a source ofnear-ultraviolet energy. To make a copy, a transpareni ortransl!cent original is postioned over a specially coatedcopy sheet; both sheets ate fed into the copier. The ultra-violet energy in the machine de activaies or "kills" phoio-sensitive diazonium salts on all areas of the coatedshet not blocked by printing, artwork, etc., on the originalWhere the ultraviolet rays are blocked, the salts remain"alive" ready to form a visible image when developed byone of three processes - dty, moist, ot thelmal

l. Pre-sensitized offset plates. 2."One-shot" contactprinters. 3. Silk screen printing. 4. Photoresist.5. Photo templates. 6. Ultraviolet photography.USEFUL "LIGHTED" LENGTH OF BLACK LIGHT FLU-ORESCENT LAMPS FOR REPROGRAPHIC APPLICAIIONS

COPY OUT

DEVELOPER

ORIGINAL OUT

BLACK LIGHT{",)

Lamp Type Useful Length(inches)F 14T8/B LFl5T8/81 & BLBF30T8/BL & BLBF20T12lBL & BLBF 25r \2 / Bt /24F 25T t2 I BL 133F4OBL & BLBF4OBL/5F 42T6 /BLF6416lBlF96T8/BLF4aT12/BL/HOF64r12lBL/AOF72r12/BL/HOF48PG 17l1PR

141530202525406532*44"65*60a085

110

913301A%22V227 yz42%42y2345488405637

* Watts are for 300 ma. oPeration.

EXPOSURE SOURCES


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OUTDOOR SIGN BOARDS:Black light on outdoor sign boards represent one ofthe fastest-growing display techniques. To be reallyefTective, a black light sign must be located inrelatively dark surroundings.

Often, the signs are lighted by both black lightand visible light. The black light is usually appliedcontinuously, and the visible light, from filamentlamps, is flashed ON and OFF automatically by atiming mechanism. However, the recent develop-ment of circuits and equipment for flashing anddimming rapid-start fluorescent lamps now makesit possible to flash the black light.The appearance of the sign is dillerent underblack light than under visible light and is stilldi{Terent under a combination of the two. It ispossible, therefore, to show three distinct messagesand scenes. Fluorescent figures, leiters, or designscan be made in invisible colors or can be camou-flaged by being painted on a nonfluorescent back-ground of the same color. When these designs areilluminated by visible light (or by the combinationol visible and black light) they are not seen.When irradiated only by black light, however,they stand out brilliantly from the dark, non-fluorescent background.l\Iercury lamps have long been used on largeoutdoor signs, but in recent years the black lightfluorescent lamps have become popular because oftheir higher elficiencies. The 40-watt, size is usedmost, The lamps are mounted end to end in tworovvs at the top of the board in parabolic aluminumreflectors. Often, for brilliant displays or for dis-plays located where there are competing bright-nesses, double rows of lamps are mounted at thetop and bottom of the signs.

For permanent outdoor installations using blacklight fluorescent lamps, the BL lamps with separatesheet-glass filters are generally the most economical.For indoor displays where enclosinEJ fixtures arenot needed, the conyenience of integral-filter lampsoften justifies using the more costly BLB types.

Wattage requirements for sign boards irradiatedby black light fluorescent lamps are approximately2 to 5 watts per square foot of board.sHow wtNDows;In store show windows, black light displays aremuch more effective at night than during theday and are most effectiye in windows that are atleast somewhat removed from other brightly light-ed windows or signs. BLB fluorescent lamps arerecommended for irradiating backgrounds or pro-viding an over-all wash of black light. H100PSP38-4PAR-38 mercury lamps or H250A37-5 mercurylamps in concentrating reflectors are best for spot-lighting. These lamps require external filters.CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS:Christmas tree ornaments and other holiday deco-rations may be painted, sprayed, or dipped in flu-orescent, chemicals and then irradiated with blacklight. With Christmas tree ornaments, the blackIight sources are usually located on the floor at thefoot of the tree. For the home. either 15 or 20-wattBLB fluorescent lamps in aluminum reflectors, or100-watt PAR-38 mercury lamps with filters aresuitable. The size and proportions of the tree andthe number of black light units used determinewhether concentrated or flood distribution is best.The display is most effective in a darkened room.MURALS:Black light murals are effective in theaters,nightclubs, and cocktail lounges and where thereis little general illumination. Elongated lampsare well adapted to lighting elongated surfaces.Since fluorescent lamps are linear sources thatproduce black light much more elficiently thanmercury lamps, they are the logical choice for mostmural lighting installations. Both the BL and BLBtypes are suitable. The BLB is the easier to use,especially where space is at a premium, becauseit requires no external filter. Mercury lamps areuseful when relatively long throws of light arenecessary and where a round beam pattern is better

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suited to filling the space to be irradiated.The black light sources should be mounted ateither the top or bottom of the mural and well awayfrom it. Often, the bottom position must be ruledout because of the dilnculty of mounting the lampsfar enough away from the wall.

Ceiling-mounted black light fluorescent lampsare usually concealed in a cove or above a suspendedceiling section. \'Iercury lamps are often recessedin the ceiling.

Fluorescent ceiling decorations are treated inmuch the same manner as murals. The black lightsources, however, must be mounted on the wallsor on columns, usually in some sort of decorativebracket or molding.

Reflectors should be used with both mercuryand fluorescent lamps to ensure maximum utiliza-tion of the ultraviolet energy. The Pt\R-38-bulbmercur-v lamps have built-in reflectors and requiremuch less space than lamps that use externalreflectors. Llsuall), concentrating tJpes of reflectorsare rrsed rilh fluores, r'nl latnps.

The filter tubes of BLB fluorescent lamps pro-vide arlequate filtering for mosi mural applicalions.

RIGHT - Black light productionsare musts in successful ice extrav-aganzas. Audiences are thrilled anddelighted by the beauty ol the colorsfl!orescing !nder black light,

Relatively dense filters should be used with otherblack light lamps since little visible light can betolerated in such applications.

Some care should be taken in widespread use ofblack light in public areas. Modern Jaundry deter-gents generally contain fluorescent, materials("whiteners") which remain embedded in the fibersof *'asbed fabrics. When black light concentrationsare high in public spaces, the e{fect may be to re-veal feminine undergarments prominently throughsheer dresses and blouses. with resultant embarrass-ment.COSTUMES AND UNIFORMS:Spectacular siage effects are among the oldest andmost familiar of the black light display techniques.Although they nr.r longer offer the same elements ofmystery and novelty that they once did, they stillmake possible weirdly beautiful colored lightingeffects that cannot be produced in any other way.BLB fluorescent lamps have largely replacedfiltered mercur-r'lamps in such applications. Filteredcarbon-arc sources are still used for black lightspotlighting where long throws of light are required.


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lolack light is becoming more and more widely usedin insect control. Since the e-ves of many night-fl1ing inse, t' are parlicularlr scnsili\e lo near-ultraviolet and blue light, black-light lamps are

used in many types of electric insect traps. Some ofthese blackJight traps use a combination of one ormore types of fluorescent tubes to attract theinsects and either electric grids to kill them or con-tainers to trap them for identification and counting.The tube-type fluorescent blackJight lamps, areavailable in ls-inch to 4-foot lengths as well as B andl2-inch tl ia mcter circular shalcs.

I3lackJight insect traps oller a new means forcontrolling night-flying pests and moths. E)iperi-ments are being conducted in various parts of thecountryin farms and gardens. Iltomologists use black-light traps to capture and identify insects when theyfirst appear to help del.ermine when crop duslingand spraving are nee


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So many variables enter into the design of a blacklight installation that it is often easier and fasterto use a simple tlial-and-error approach ratherthan spending a large amount of time on complicatedtheory and engineering principles. Pages 'l and 5are valuable guides in determining which light sourceto use.Filters range from high to low in ultravioletand/or visible transmission. The higher the visibletransmission, the greater will be the elTect of"masking brightness" on the nonluminous surfacesof the irradiated area. This elfect, however, willdepend in part on the reflectances and colors of

GLOW FACTORSOF IYPICAL FLUORESCENT MATERIALSBLACK LIGHT PAINTS,LACQU ERS, WATER COLORS DAYLIGHI TYPE PAINTS,LACQU ERS, WATER COLORS

these surfaces, on the surrounding brightnesses,and. of course, on the nature and purpose of theinstallation. Basic information appears at the bot-tom of page 4 plus a table below on filter factorsfor various blackJight transmitting glass filters.Many dilTerent types of black light materialsare available. A partial list of suppliers is shown onpage 1.1, for black light fluorescent paints, lacquers,water colors, inks, dyes, chalks, papers, fabrics,phosphors, etc. Below a table is given on glowfactors of typical fluorescent materials which givesa designer a general feel of the relative responsesto be expected from various colors.

APPROXIMATE FILTER FACTORSFor Various Black-Light Transmitting Qlass Filters(Based on transmission at 350-360 millimicrons)

FLAT SHEET GLASSVarious "Pot'Blue"Glasses 0.60-0.85Kokomo#400 0.75Corning#5874 0.65

6%-tNCHMOLDED SQUARISCorning#5970 0.80Corning#5840 0.65corning#5874 0 50Corning#5860 0.30

ROU NDELSCorning Kopp#5A76 #61 0.65#5A74 #41 0.50#5873 #51 0.30TUBULAR FILTERSCorning filter-gtasstubes tor use over BLJluorescent lamps aremade in various sizesand densities.

If a black light installation is to be kept inservice for an appreciable length of time, designallowances should be made for depreciation inblack light output. Initially, the outpui of theinsl.allation should be higher than what might beconsidered necessary to compensate for outputdepreciation as time passes, The number of var-iables involved makes it diflicult to give accuratemaintenance factor information that applies to allcases. However, maintenance factors of 0.5 forblack light fluorescent lamps and 0.6 for mercurylamps are suggested {or permanent installationsthat are cleaned twice a year and are located inareas which are not unusually dirty.

REDO RANG EYELLOWGREENBLUE

o.o20.040.04o.o7o.o2

RIDORAN G EYELLOWGREENBLUE

0.030.060.110.09o03

MAINTENANCE:Like conventional lighting systems. black lightinstallations are subject to deterioration. Blacklight output of the lamps gradually decreases, anddust and dirt accumulate on lamps and reflectors.In fact, the output of black light fluorescent lampsdepreciates more rapidly than that of conventionalfluorescent Iamps. Fading of the irradiated fluores-cent materials is an added cause of depreciaiion.This may be slow or rapid, depending on thematerial and the conditions of use (whether indooror outdoor, for example). Information on deteriora-tion of fluorescent chemicals in their various formsand uses should be obtained from the rnanufacturers.


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(This list is not necessarily complete. Additionsand corrections to it will be welcomed.)


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OTHER G-E PUBLICATIONEON LIG H TING AND LAMPSTP-101. . . GENERAL LIGHTING DESIGNContains basic information about thelurnen method of general lightirg deslSn.Booklet includes tables lor footcandlelevels, room ratios, coefficients of utiliza-tion on luminaires, as well as lightingcomfort design data. (16 Paees)TP.1O9 . . . MERCURY LAMPSCovers all mercury lamp tyoes, designcharacteristics, and operating features.G'E and ASA mercury lamp designationsystems are explained. lnformatlon isancluded on auxiliary equipment, spectraldata. as well as eftects of variations in linevoltage, over-wattage operation, Powerinterru ptions, etc. (16 pages)

TP"110 . . . INCANDESCENT LAMPSDescribes in introduction evolution of to-day's incandescent lamps from Edison'stirst electric filament source. Basic lampparts, how lamps are rnade, types of lila_ments, bulbs, bases, and filling gas arethoroughly discussed. General classes oflamps and operating characteristics aredescribed. (32 pages)

TP-1II ... FLUORESCENT LAMPSExplains that fluorescent lamps are pop_ular and widely used because of theirhigh efficiency, long life, low brightness,minimum heat, and wide choice of sizes,shapes, and colors. There is a thoroughbut concise coverage ol lamp parts andoperation, phosphor materials and spec.tral data, classes o{ lamps, basic lamPsystems, ballasts, and other lamp char-acteristics. (24 pages)TP"118 . . . LIGHT MEASUREMENTAND CONTROLCovers fundamental terminology used inlight measurement and control. Readilyavailable portable light-measuring ared iscu ssed plus precision laboratoryequipment. Six basic methods ot control-ling laght atter it is emitted are explained,(24 pages)


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LARGE LAMP DEPARTMENT oGENERAT@rrr CT Rtc

SALES DISTEICTS(To obkin sales and Iahni-l lnrormat on)ZIP No Telephone No

1401 P ker Rd.50 lndostr a P. Newion Upper Falls, ivlass. . 2t22/02164

142A22824?606064520644112752358021648203714214620564t L6900223810953209554t307017

06510t0t2t100?29460319406

482.3345875,09?l24?-570Q332.6200883.73813/6-6585332-4ttZ961.434326t4264351-3725388-4611883.0200667-7595545 4291471-3568723.2541948 2642462 3860i89.7286824.5200562-9828835-642t751.1311569 34??688 5900

625 0. aware Ave.l00l Tuckaseecee Rd.165 No. Cana Sl.990 1'l sau St.12910 Tafl Ave.6500 Cedar Sp. nss Rd.501 E.44th Ave.15135 Hamiton Ave.4219 R chmond Ave.251I E 46 Sr.20rl Ean 16th Ave.2747 South lvla I Ave.20ll So. Laiham Sl.5300 N. Sherman Blvd..500 Sl nsof Blvd.26 washinston St, 2nd iloor135 Co ege St.4800 Fiver Rd.570 Lexinelon Ave.999 - 98th AveRl. 202 at Expressway P 0. 8ox ?99 .X ns ol Pru$ a, Pa.238 W. Ca60n St.2800 N W. Nela Sl.1510 w Dw Lawn orive P0.Box862/

?021 So. Lalham St.5300 N. She.man B vd.500 Slinson B vd.

. 38109 948 264?

. 53209 462 3860. 55413 t891286824.5?00835 6421896 6000569 3422688 5900471 9050?23 2tAt24? 57AA788 3405622 8081429 6930

133 Boyd Sl. 07103N Y. S*v. Dist,75 ll Woodhaven B vd , G endale, N.Y. Ll2?74800 River Rd. i0l2l75 11 woodhaven Blvd , Grenda e 1122/, N Y 11227999 98th Ave . 94603Ri. 202 al Expressway. P 0. Box 299 19406X ng oi Prussia Pa238 w. ca,son st. 152192800 N.W. Nela St 97?14Ba lihore Serv. Disi., P.0. gox7427, Bal\nate, Md. ?12?7Lll Fourlh Ave. 6l?0?2400 Sirih Ave., Soulh 981341530 Fairv ew Ave. 63132815 Norlh 26lh Sl. 33605

1ll Foullh Ave. -2400 Sirih Ave, South -1530 F?iruiew Ave.815 Nonh 26ih Sl.

15219 471 905097210 223 2t0l232?6 28? /64461242 788 340598134 622 808163132 429 693033605 248 I l7l

GENERAL ELECTRIC LARGE LAMP SALES AND SERVICE DISTRICT OFFICES

CITYALEAIIY, II. Y.ATLANTA, GA.BAI.TIMOSE, MO.BOSTO , MASS.BUFFALO, N. Y.CHAhLOTTE, N. C. .CHICAGO,ILL.ctNctNIATt, oHtoCLEVELAND, OHIO ,DALLAS, TEXAS ,oENVEB, COLO..oETROtt, MtCH.HOUSTON, TEXASDtotaNAPoLts, ll{0.N. KANSAT CttY, MO. .LOS ANGELES, CALIF.MEIIPHIS, TEN .ILWAUKEE, WIS..MINNEAPOIIS, MINN.llEWAAK, l{- J,ltEw HAVEI{, col{N.EW OALEANS, LA.t{Ew YoiK, N, Y.OAKLAND, CALIF.PHILAOELPHIA, PA.PITTSAUNGH, PA.FONTLAND, O8E.atcHMot{D, va.a0cK tsLAND, tLL.SEITTLE, WISH.sT. touts, Mo..TAMPA, FLA. .

879 MadkonAve. - - - - - - - t22a8120 oltley Drive 30324

'' add lio o lr' Sa "\ Dr 'r"r P4ddqld 16r\ r ps ipd aoor" C t "-p ,ole18qol.1",ri'F( co'slllror'lel"plo-"dr"lo/L1d" Ger"dl ll"I (o pj.'ld'pD, io,.

SEBVICE DISTBICTS(To 0rder Lamps and to 0btain Shippiis lnformalion.Local Warehouse Stocks mainla ned ai lhese Poinls)ZIP No. Telephone No.

Builalo Serv Disi 98 Hydraul. Si, Eufialo, N Y. 14210 856.0800120 oltley Dr ve 30324 8/5 0921l40l Parker Rd. 21227 242-57QA50 lndustrial Place,lewton Upper Fa s, Nlass. 02164 332.620098 Nydnu c St. 14210 856-0800l00l Tuckaseegee Rd.. 282A8 376 65854201 So. Pdlaski Rd 60632 254 616149 Cennal Ave. 45202 421 681012910 Taii Ave. 44112 266-44046500 Cedar Springs Rd. /5235 351-37256501 E.44i[ Ave 802]6 388-461115135 Nam lon Ave. 48203 883-02005534 Annour Dr. 710?0 923 2549C nc nnai serv. D sl , 49 Central Ave.. Cinclnnat, 0 45202 421 6810200 Easi l6lh Ave . 64116 471 35682747 Souih lMalt Ave 9AA/? 7t3 7541

GE Black Light Brochure 1970

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Transcript of GE Black Light Brochure 1970