GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity...
-
Upload
yadira-akerley -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
2
Transcript of GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity...
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
Because of the increase in:
• the necessity to be physically fit to perform at a competitive level
and
• the need to promote healthy lifestyles
it is important that performers and coaches are able to:
1) design appropriate training programmes,
2) develop correct technique,
3) minimise the risk of injury,
4) optimise performance.
The knowledge of the structure and function of the Body Systems is vital to this end.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
The skeletal and muscular systems work together to allow movement for physical activity.
The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to supply oxygen/ energy for muscle contraction.
A
B
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
• There are 206 bones in a human skeleton
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
metatarsals
femur
phalangesmetacarpalscarpals
pelvis
vertebra
rib
scapula
cranium
mandible
sacrum
clavicle
sternum
humerus
radius
ulna
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
cocyx
Show / hide bone names
Show / hide arrows
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B GCSE Physical Education
UNIT 1 - Information
The skeleton has many FUNCTIONS when taking part in physical activity. These include:
1) Providing SUPPORT for the movement taking place.
2) PROTECTING vital organs against impact and injury.
3) Producing RED BLOOD CELLS which help carry O2 (Oxygen) for exercise.
4) Providing points for MUSCULAR ATTACHMENT – ORIGIN/ INSERTION.
5) Allowing MOVEMENT through the JOINT and LEVER systems.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
BONES
LONG
(Provides effective levers for
movement)
e.g. femur
IRREGULAR
(Provides support and protection)
e.g. vertebrae
SHORT
(Well adapted to resist compression forces and help in
performing fine movements)
e.g. carpals
FLAT
(Protective function)
e.g. sternum
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
SKELETON
APPENDICULAR
Skull, spine, sternum, ribs
Arms, shoulders, hips, legs
AXIAL
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
• Physical activity stimulates the production of bone tissue to compensate for the stresses of training.
• If the intensity is too high, damage and injury of the bone can occur e.g. shin splints.
• Reduced stress results in bone weight and strength reduction – ATROPHY – usually after a lay-off due to injury. It is important to return to full training slowly, to allow the bones to adapt.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
JOINTS• Joints enable the body to move.• Joints are the place where 2 bones meet.• Each type of physical activity will make particular demands on
certain joints
e.g. butterfly swimmers require a wider than natural range of
movement at the shoulder joint – ball and socket.• Joints are structured for either STRENGTH or MOBILITY:
SHOULDER JOINT
Shallow cavity to allow more movement but is less stable
HIP JOINT
Supports body weight – is more stable – less movement allowed
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
• Good joint mobility is often an essential requirement to good performance in physical activity and has implications regarding training programmes.
• Joints can be classified according to the amount of movement they allow:
1) IMMOVABLE / FIBROUS JOINTS
These joints are fixed and no movement is possible. Examples are found in the skull and pelvic girdle – areas of the body where great strength is required.
2) SLIGHTLY MOVABLE / CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
There are small gaps between the bones at these joints, filled with CARTILAGE to prevent grinding and enable slight movement. Examples are found between the vertebrae and between the ribs and sternum.
3) FREELY MOVABLE / SYNOVIAL JOINTS
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
The majority of joints in the body are synovial – they allow the greatest range of movement.
The bones are linked by LIGAMENTS.
There are 6 types of synovial joint, and each type has its own characteristic range and type of movement.
They are designed to stop and prevent friction between the moving bones.
Examples are the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle joints.
These joints are important for physical activity – they are often put under a great deal of stress (e.g. the knee), but are so designed to be robust and withstand pressure.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
TYPE OF MOVEMENT
FLEXION – Reducing the angle at a joint (bending).
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
TYPE OF MOVEMENT
EXTENSION – Increasing the angle at a joint (straightening).
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
TYPE OF MOVEMENT
CIRCUMDUCTION – A circular movement, which combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction so that the movement of the body-part describes a cone shape.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
TYPE OF MOVEMENT
ROTATION – Is a circular movement made by a joint.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
TYPE OF MOVEMENT
ABDUCTION – Is the sideways movement at the hip and shoulder joints away from the body.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
TYPE OF MOVEMENT
ADDUCTION – Is movement at the hip and shoulder joints towards the body.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
SECTION B
TYPE OF JOINT BODY LOCATION TYPES OF MOVEMENT
Ball and socket Hip, shoulderFlexion/ extension, rotation, abduction, adduction
Hinge Knee, elbow Flexion/ extension
Pivot Neck Rotation
Condyloid Wrist, ankleFlexion/ extension, abduction, adduction
Saddle Base of thumbsFlexion/ extension, abduction, adduction
GlidingCarpals (hands),
tarsals (feet)
Gliding movements – where 2 bones with flat surfaces slide on each other – forward and back with slight sideways movement
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 – Information
Ball and socket
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
Hinge
Hinge
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
Pivot
Atlas
Vertebrae
Axis
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B GCSE Physical Education
UNIT 1 - Information
Condyloid
Condyloid joint
Movement
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
Saddle
Saddle joint
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
Gliding
Gliding occursbetween the small bones
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Information
Strong joints are essential for:
• Coping with stress of physical activity.• Contributing to a healthy, active lifestyle.• Making skilled movements.
FUNCTIONS OF LIGAMENTS, TENDONS AND CARTILAGE
Ligaments, tendons and cartilage provide the strength, mobility and protection needed to help the joints, increase the flexibility and provide a greater range of movement.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B GCSE Physical Education
UNIT 1 - Information
• Ligaments are strong, fibrous, non-elastic bands of tissue which attach bone to bone across a joint.
• They control the movement and the stability of the joint.
• They hold a joint in place.
• They prevent unwanted movements at a joint.
SECTION B
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Glossary
LIGAMENTS
• Cartilage protects bone.
• It is a tough, smooth tissue that covers the end of bones and acts as a shock absorber.
• It reduces friction between the bones.
• Cartilage damage may occur over a period of time because of the constant stress/ impact and twisting/ turning of physical activity.
CARTILAGE
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B GCSE Physical Education
UNIT 1 - Information
• Tendons attach MUSCLE to BONE.
• They are strong but flexible.
• When muscles contract (shorten), they exert a pull on that tendon which acts across the joint to make a joint move.
TENDONS
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B GCSE Physical Education
UNIT 1 - Information
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
The structure of a knee joint showing the bones, ligaments, tendons, muscle and cartilage involved
Ball-shaped end to long bone of leg or femur (rounded ends to bones ensure easy movement with little friction)
Muscle
Synovial fluid (oils or lubricates the joint helping it to move more easily)
Ligament (tough strip of tissue joining bone to bone)
Tendon (this joins muscle to bone)
Cartilage (smooth, slippery, reduces friction, helps to reduce shock)
Patella (kneecap)
Tibia
Show Bone
Show Muscle
Show Tendons
Show Ligament
Show Cartilage
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 – Practical Application
1. Match the scientific name for the bones on the left of the table with the common names by dragging them to the table. You can also drag the numbers to the diagram of the skeleton.
Real Name Common Name
pelvis
femur
cranium
mandible
phalanges
11
22
33
44
55
11
22
33
44
55
THIGH BONE
SKULL
FINGERS/TOES
JAW BONE
HIP
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 – Practical Application
2. Class activity:
e.g. Set shot – Basketball (Teach and class practice)
a) Attempt to break the skill down into ‘PHASES’.
b) Construct a table, and for each phase:
(i) identify the moving joint;
(ii) name the type of movement;
(iii) identify the muscles that are at work.
(For (iii), remind groups that muscles can only PULL. Also, a muscle must span a joint if it is to move it – ORIGINS/ INSERTIONS).
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 – Practical Application
3. Class activity:
e.g. Hockey – group to identify the function of the following structures in a warm-up:
Synovial fluid;Ligaments;Articular cartilage.
4. Class to identify which muscles are agonists/ antagonists for the following joint actions during the ‘PUSH’ in hockey:
Extending the knee.Flexing the elbow.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 – Practical Application
5. In a game of hockey e.g. identify when a player would use:
a) mainly FAST TWITCH fibres;b) mainly SLOW TWITCH fibres.
Do different positions in a game of hockey place different demands on muscle fibre demand, and if so, why?
Ball Games: Joint Movement6. Work with a partner and identify basic body movements, joints and analysis of
specific movements from chosen activities.7. Consider the factors affecting performance and participation e.g. age and
range of movement around a joint.8. Identify the joints involved in, for example, throwing a ball (netball).9. Identify the joints involved in, for example, kicking a ball (football).10. Discuss the different types of movement around a joint.11. Develop by pupils choosing their own activity and identifying movements at
joints.12. The above links with ‘specific’ training sessions and ‘specific’ training methods
for sporting activity.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 – Practical Application
Analysis of Movement:
13. In pairs, discuss basic movements and actions of joints.
14. Activity and sport specific discussion regarding movement, muscles and joint actions.
15. Record movements and use for analysis/ discussion.
16. Consider the link between desired movement patterns, skill and sport specific fitness training.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Links
• Muscular system• Respiratory system• Cardiovascular system• Aerobic/ Anaerobic systems• Energy continuum• Training zones• Intensity/ duration of exercise• Short-term effects of exercise on the systems of the body• Long-term benefits of exercise on the systems of the body• Body types
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
1. “Muscles and joints work together to produce and control movement”.
(i) In the diagram below, which muscle contracts to cause the bending of the knee? Is it:
a) the quadriceps orb) the hamstring?
(ii) What type of synovial joint is the knee joint and what type of movement does it allow?
(iii) What attaches bone to a bone to ensure stability of the joint?
A
B
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
2. The diagram below shows the action of the upper arm muscle involved in lifting a weight.
Study the diagrams and then answer the questions below.
(i) In diagram 1, what is the movement upwards called?
(ii) Which muscle is shortening (contracting) to cause this upward movement, is it A or B?
(iii) If the contracting muscle is the agonistic or prime mover, what is the relaxing (flexing) muscle called?
(iv) In diagram 2, what is the downward movement called?
(v) What attaches the muscle to a bone to help in movement?
Triceps B
Biceps A
Triceps B
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
Biceps A
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
3. “Good joint mobility is essential for efficient performance in most sporting activities.”
Complete the following table:
(iii) Describe an example of a movement in sport which involves (a) flexion/ extension and (b) adduction/ abduction.
Description of synovial joint
Type of synovial joint Name of synovial joint
(i) allows the widest range of movement
(ii) permits movement in only one plane
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
4. The diagram below shows the leg of a football player preparing to kick a ball.
(i) Which PRIME MOVER (AGONIST) muscle would need to CONTRACT (FLEX) in order to LIFT the lower leg in readiness to kick the ball?
(ii) Which PRIME MOVER (AGONIST) muscle would need to CONTRACT (FLEX) in order to KICK the ball?
(iii) Identify the type of joint at the KNEE (A).
(iv) Which joint, A or B allows most movement?
A
B
Quadriceps groupHamstring group
Gastrocnemius
Ball
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
(v) What is the term used for muscles which RELAX to allow movement to take place?
(vi) What attaches muscle to bone in order for movement at the joint to take place?
(vii) What attaches bone to bone to give joints stability?
(viii) The movement in the diagram is an example of which type of muscular contraction?
A
B
Quadriceps groupHamstring group
Gastrocnemius
Ball
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
5. The diagrams below shows the action of the leg muscle and joints involved in a STANDING LONG JUMP. Study the diagrams and then answer the questions below by completing the second column in the table.
Show actionDiagram 1
Bend
Diagram 2
Jump
A
B
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
Muscles act in pairs, some contract while others extend.
(i) In diagram 1 the knee is bending ready for take-off. Which muscle is contracting to cause the bending? Is it A or B?
(ii) In diagram 2 the leg has straightened. Which muscle is contracting to cause this? Is it A or B?
(iii) If the contracting muscle is the agonist or prime mover, what is the relaxing muscle called?
(iv) What type of muscular contraction occurs in both diagrams in order to cause the movement?
(v) What type of joint is the knee joint?
(vi) What type of movement does the knee joint allow?
(vii) What attaches a muscle to a bone to enable movement to take place?
(viii) What attaches a bone to another bone in order to ensure stability of movement?
Revisit diagram
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
6. Describe the movement at each joint
Positions during a
forward rollKnee Hip Shoulder Elbow
Flexed Flexed
Using a grid like the one above, describe the type of movement at each position while:
● Running
● Diving – racing – front crawl
● Push pass (hockey)
● Any other activity of your choice
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
7. Label the diagram of a typical joint shown below by dragging the labels to their appropriate places
BONE
BONE
Articular cartilage – protects ends of bones by acting as a shock absorber and reducing friction.
Synovial membrane – secretes synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid – lubricates the joint, helping the bones move more easily.
Joint capsule – contains and protects the joint structures.
Ligaments – strong strap-like structures which prevent too much sideways movement.
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
8. Explain, using examples from sport, what the different categories of joints are and why we need them.
9. Complete the following table about the main categories of joints.
Category of joint Extent of movement Example of such a joint
Immovable
Vertebrae
Greater degree of movement
10. What factors affect the amount of movement possible at a joint?
Very little movement Slightly moveable
Synovial (freely movable)
Hip, shoulder, knee, elbow
Some movement Sutures of skull
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
11. The diagram below shows the action of the upper muscle involved in lifting a weight.
Study the diagrams and then answer the questions below.
(i) Which muscle is involved in bending the arm?
(ii) Which muscle is involved in straightening the arm?
(iii) Which type of movement is taking place at the elbow joint?
(iv) This movement is an example of a third order lever in action. Identify the pivot/ fulcrum and load/ resistance by dragging the labels to the appropriate points.
Biceps A
Triceps B
Pivot Load
GCSE Physical Education
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
MAIN MENU
The Muscular, Skeletal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
SECTION B
UNIT 1 - Activity
12. (i) Explain why synovial joints are so important for the sportsperson.
(ii) Explain why it is important to train all the muscles acting on a joint.
(iii) “Different synovial joints allow certain types of movement”.Complete the table for both extension/ flexion and rotation.
Type of movementName of
synovial jointLocation of joint Sporting action
Flexion/ Extension (increasing/decreasing the angle between two bones)
Rotation
(A circular movement – part of the body turns, while the rest remains still. A turning movement)