Anatomy skeletal muscular

58
Anatomy Skeletal/ Muscular System

description

 

Transcript of Anatomy skeletal muscular

Page 1: Anatomy skeletal muscular

AnatomySkeletal/Muscular

System

Page 2: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Warm Up Label the Long bone

• epiphysis• spongy bone• articular cartilage• diaphysis• compact bone• bone marrow • Marrow cavity• blood vessel• periosteum

I

Page 3: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Answers• A-diaphysis • B-epiphysis• C-spongy bone• D-articular cartilage• E- spongy bone• F-compact bone• G- Bone marrow• H- periosteum• I- Marrow cavity

Page 4: Anatomy skeletal muscular

The Skeletal System: divided into two groups, the axial and appendicular skeleton for a total of 206 bones in the body.

I. The Axial Skeleton: consists of 80 bones that revolve around the vertical axis of the skeleton.

*skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column

Page 5: Anatomy skeletal muscular

A. Bones of the Axial Skeleton

1. The Skull

A. Cranial bones (8):

*frontal (1)

*parietal (2)

*temporal (2)

*sphenoid (1)

*ethmoid (1)

*occipital (1)

http://www.learnbones.com/skull-cranial-and-facial-bones-anatomy

Page 6: Anatomy skeletal muscular

A. Bones of the Axial Skeleton

B. Facial Bones (14):*mandible (1)*maxilla (2)*zygomatic bone (2)*nasal bone (2)*lacrimal (2)*palatine (2*inferior nasal concha

(2)*volmer (1)

Page 7: Anatomy skeletal muscular

A. Bones of the Axial Skeleton

2. Thoracic cage (25):

*sternum (1)

*true ribs (14)

articulate with the sternum directly.

*false ribs (6)

*floating ribs (4)

Page 8: Anatomy skeletal muscular

A. Bones of the Axial Skeleton

3. Vertebral Column (26):

*cervical vertebrae (7)

*thoracic vertebrae (12)

*lumbar vertebrae (5)

*sacrum (5 fused)

*coccyx (4 fused)

Page 9: Anatomy skeletal muscular

II. The Appendicular Skeleton: consists of 126 bones that append to the axial skeleton.

A. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton

1. Pectoral girdle (4)

*clavicle (2)

*scapula (2)

Page 10: Anatomy skeletal muscular

A. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton

2. The Upper Limb (60)

*humerus (2)

*radius (2)

*ulna (2)

*carpals (16)

*metacarpals (10)

*phalanges (28)

Page 11: Anatomy skeletal muscular

A. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton

3. Pelvic Girdle (2)

3 fused pairs

*ilium

*ischium

*pubis

Page 12: Anatomy skeletal muscular

A. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton

4. Lower limb (60)

*femur (2)

*patella (2)

*tibia (2)

*fibula (2)

*tarsal (14)

*metatarsals (10)

*phalanges (28)

Page 13: Anatomy skeletal muscular

III. Functions of the Skeletal System

A. Axial Skeleton Functions:

*protects the brain and internal organs.

*provides structure and support

*attachment for muscles

Page 14: Anatomy skeletal muscular

III. Functions of the Skeletal System

B. Appendicular Skeleton Functions:

*protection

*attachment for muscles

*support and movement

*blood cell formation

Page 15: Anatomy skeletal muscular

IV. Types of Bones

1. Long Bones: those that are longer than they are wide.

*femur, tibia, fibula

*humerus, radius, ulna

*clavicle

*metacarpals

*metatarsals

*phalanges

Page 16: Anatomy skeletal muscular

2. Short Bones: are as wide as they are long.

*tarsals of the foot

*carpals of the hand

Page 17: Anatomy skeletal muscular

3. Flat Bones: broad flat plates used for protection and muscular attachment. Most RBC’s are produce in flat bones.

*skull

*rib cage

*sternum

*scapula

*pelvis

*os coxae (hip bone)

Page 18: Anatomy skeletal muscular

4. Irregular Bones: have peculiar shapes and cannot be grouped in the other bone categories.

*verterbrae

*sacrum

*coccyx

*mandible

*maxilla

*hyoid

Page 19: Anatomy skeletal muscular

long bone structure

Page 20: Anatomy skeletal muscular

V. Anatomical Terminology

Page 21: Anatomy skeletal muscular

V. Anatomical Terminology

1. Anterior: towards the front.

2. Posterior: towards the back.

3. Superior: towards the head.

4. Inferior: towards the feet.

5. Proximal: nearest; closer to any point of reference.

6. Distal: remote; farther from any point of reference.

7. Lateral: point that is more distant from the median plane.

8. Medial: point that is closer to the median plane

Page 22: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Food for Thought

• http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/vert/vertut1.htm

Page 23: Anatomy skeletal muscular

VI. Connective Tissue

1. Cartilage: a flexible connective tissue found between the bones of joints. It acts as a cushion between joints and reduces friction in movement.

Page 24: Anatomy skeletal muscular

VI. Connective Tissue

2. Ligament: dense, flexible tissue that connects bone to bone at a joint.

Page 25: Anatomy skeletal muscular

VI. Connective Tissue

3. Tendon: consists of dense collagen fibers and connect muscle to bone.

Page 26: Anatomy skeletal muscular

VII. Joint: point where two or more bones articulate allowing movement and mechanical support.

A. Types of Joints1. Fibrous: held

together by fibrous connective tissue. Usually immovable or slightly moveable.

Ex. Suture joints between cranial bones and distal joint of tibia and fibula.

Page 27: Anatomy skeletal muscular

2. Cartilaginous: joints held together by cartilage. May be immovable or slightly movable.

Page 28: Anatomy skeletal muscular

3. Synovial: freely movable joints characterized by a synovial cavity (joint cavity) containing synovial fluid.

Features of Synovial Joints:

a. Articular cartilage: (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones.

b. Synovial membrane: surrounds the synovial cavity.

Page 29: Anatomy skeletal muscular

c. Articular Capsule: is composed of the synovial membrane and the fibrous capsule.

d. Bursae: fluid filled sac that cushions and reduces friction between moving structures.

e. Meniscus: disperses the weight of the body and reduces friction in the joint.

Page 30: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Types of Synovial joints

1. Hinge: allow flexion and extension along one plane.

*elbow

*knee

*ankle

*joints in the fingers

Page 31: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Types of Synovial joints

2. Ball and Socket: allow all movements except gliding.

*hip

*shoulder

Page 32: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Types of Synovial joints

3. Condyloid: allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction.

*wrist

*between the metacarpals and phalanges.

Page 33: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Types of Synovial joints

4. Pivot: one bone rotates about another.

*the neck

*radius and ulna

Page 34: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Types of Synovial joints

5. Gliding: permit sliding and gliding movements.

*spine

*wrist

*ankles

*clavicle

Page 35: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Types of Synovial joints

6. Saddle: same movement as condyloid joints.

*thumb

Page 36: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Write a 1 page essay outlining the function of

connective tissue.

Discuss the role played by cartilage, ligaments and

tendons citing examples from specific joints.

Page 37: Anatomy skeletal muscular

The Muscular System

I. Characteristics of muscle tissue

*contractibility-ability of the muscle to shorten.

*extensibility: ability of the muscle to lengthen.

*elasticity: ability of the muscle to return to it’s normal size.

Page 38: Anatomy skeletal muscular

I. Characteristics of muscle tissue

* atrophy-a decrease in the size of muscle tissue.

* hypertrophy-an increase in the size of muscle tissue.

* Controlled by nerve tissue and fed by capillaries.

Page 39: Anatomy skeletal muscular

II. Types of Muscle Tissue

A. Smooth: Involuntary muscle that lines the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels and the digestive tract.

Page 40: Anatomy skeletal muscular

II. Types of Muscle Tissue

B. Cardiac: involuntary striated muscle responsible for rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Page 41: Anatomy skeletal muscular

II. Types of Muscle Tissue

C. Skeletal: Voluntary striated muscle that is responsible for movement.

Page 42: Anatomy skeletal muscular

III. Structure of Skeletal Muscle

Page 43: Anatomy skeletal muscular

III. Structure of Skeletal Muscle

Page 44: Anatomy skeletal muscular

IV. Muscle Attachment

1. Origin: the point of attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone.

2. Insertion: point of attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable bone.

Page 45: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Muscles of the anterior portion of the body

Deltoid

http://www.getbodysmart.com/

Page 46: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Pectoralis

Page 47: Anatomy skeletal muscular

iliopsoas

Page 48: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Sartorius

Page 49: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Quadriceps femoris

Page 50: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Tibialis anterior

Page 51: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Abdominus rectus and External obliques

Page 52: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Biceps brachii

Page 53: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Muscles of the posterior portion of the body

Page 54: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Triceps brachii

Page 55: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Gluteus maximus

Page 56: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Hamstrings

Page 57: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Page 58: Anatomy skeletal muscular

Erector spinae