ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakulteti naile miqelaZe ... · 1911 wels manve gamosca wigni `Tamar...

1

ssip - SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakulteti

naile miqelaZe

toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi aWaraSi

s a d i s e r t a c i o n a S r o m i

filologiis akademiuri doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad

specialoba: literaturaTmcodneoba

mecnier-xelmZRvanelebi:

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

emeritusi profesori zura b k i k n a Z e

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

sruli profesori r a m az x alvaS i

baTumi 2013 w.

2

Sinaarsi

Sesavali ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Tavi I. uZvelesi religiur-sakulto warmomavlobis toponimebi

da maTTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebebi ---------------------------------------------------- 9

Tavi II. did da mcire warRvnasTan dakavSirebuli toponimuri

Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

2.1 mcire warRvnis legendebi (xaris, Svlisa da

irmis kulti aWaraSi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

Tavi III. qristianobasTan dakavSirebuli toponimuri

Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53

3.1. wm. Aandria pirvelwodebuli da masTan dakavSirebuli

Tqmulebebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53

3.2. wminda giorgis Tayvaniscemis kvali toponimur

Tqmuleba-gadmocemebSi -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------57

3.3. qristianobasTan dakavSirebuli makro-toponimuri

Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68

Tavi IV. Tamar mefis ciklis toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi --------- 81

Tavi V. osmaleTis agresiasTan dakavSirebuli toponimuri Tqmuleba-

gadmocemebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99

Tavi VI. selim ximSiaSvili da masTan dakavSirebuli

Tqmuleba-gadmocema ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------114

ZiriTadi daskvnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123

teqstebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130

teqstTa wyaroebi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 198

leqsikoni------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 212

gamoyenebuli literatura ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 239

3

Sesavali

winamdebare naSromi eZRvneba samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos (aWaris)

toponimur Tqmuleba-gadmocemebs.

toponimika, rogorc viciT, leqsikologiis dargia, romelic

geografiul saxelebs geografiuli, istoriuli da lingvisturi

aspeqtiT ikvlevs. toponimuri gadmocemebis daniSnuleba ki isaa, rom

axsnas, ratom warmoiSva ama Tu im adgilis saxelwodeba. MmaT axasiaTebT

iseTi niSnebi, riTac arsebiTad gansxvavdebian Cveulebrivi

Tqmulebebisagan: warsulTan mimarTeba, namdvilobis pretenzia, mimagreba

adgilTan. zogjer toponimur TqmulebaTa Seqmnas safuZvlad edeboda

realuri faqtebi, magram araiSviaTad maTi warmoqmnis mizezi Tavad

dasaxlebebi iyo (sokolova 1972: 202).

aWara, rogorc samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani mxare, gamorCeulia avbediTi istoriiT, strategiuli

mniSvnelobiT, folkloruli masalebis siuxviT. aWaraSi daculi

toponimuri gadmocemebi literaturulad jer kidev Sua saukuneebSi

dafiqsirda. XIII saukunis cnobilma qarTvelma mweralma wm. tbel

abuserisZem zogierTi maTgani (cxmorisisa da xixaTa wm. giorgis

eklesiebTan dakavSirebuli saswaulebi) Seitana hagiografiul

TxzulebaSi `axalni saswaulni wmidisa giorgisi~.

toponimuri gadmocemebis Caweris Semdgom etapad SeiZleba

CaiTvalos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi qadagebis

amsaxveli mesxuri gadmocemis literaturuli varianti, romelic eZRvneba

didaWaris moqcevas, pirveli eklesiis mSeneblobas, awyuris

RvTismSoblis xatis xelTuqmneli aslis gamosaxvas da sxva saswaulebs.

gadmocemis literaturuli varianti daculia `qarTlis cxovrebis~

teqstSi (XVIII s.).

d. baqraZem aWaraSi 1873 wels imogzaura maSin, aq jer kidev

osmalebi batonobdnen. man araerTi xalxuri Tqmuleba-gadmocema Caiwera,

romlTagan zogierTi adgilis saxeldebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.

Mmogzauri mecnieris masalebSi warmodgenilia Tamar mefis saxelTan,

sxalTis etimologiasTan, kavianis cixis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli

Tqmulebebi (baqraZe 1874: 51-54).

4

XIX saukuneSi osmalTa imperiis mflobelobaSi myofi aWara, mZime

da autaneli pirobebis gamo, ekonomiurad da kulturulad daqveiTda.

Aam kuTxis Seswavla me-19 saukunis 70-ian wlebSi giorgi yazbegma da

dimitri baqraZem daiwyes. SemdgomSi ki es saqme z. WiWinaZem, T. saxokiam,

a. miqelaZem, a. frenkelma, v. lisovskim da sxva qarTvelma da ucxoelma

mogzaur-mklevrebma gaagrZeles. maT naSromebSi mravali aWaruli

toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemaa ganxiluli.

aWaris mimarT interesi ruseT-osmaleTis omis wina periodSi

gaZlierda. gaaqtiurda qarTuli progresuli presa, gansakuTrebiT ki

`droeba~, romelsac im dros sergei mesxi redaqtorobda, mis

TanamSromelTa Soris gamorCeuli adgili eWiraT i. WavWavaZes, a.

wereTels, g. wereTelsa da sxva gamoCenil sazogado moRvaweebs,

romlebic cxovel interess iCendnen aWaris mimarT.

aWaris toponimebze yuradrebas amaxvilebs ruseTis generaluri

Stabis polkovniki v. lisovski. man am mxaris samxedro_statistikuri

TvalsazrisiT aRwerisas yuradreba gaamaxvila geografiul saxelebze

da ara erTi saintereso cnoba Semogvinaxa MTavis narkvevSi `Woroxis

mxare~ (lisovski 1887: 5).

XIX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi aWaraSi imogzaura frangma

orientalistma Jan muriem, romelmacAam mxaris aRweras miuZRvna naSromi

`baTumi da Woroxis auzi’’, (gamoqveynda 1886 wels frangul enaze). misi

SeniSvniT, `Woroxis xeobis qarTvelebi lazebTan erTad am mxaris

yvelaze Zveli mkvidrni arian... Woroxisa da misi mravalricxovani

Senakadebis midamoebSi mTebma, mdinareebma da saerTod, mTlianad am

kuTxem miiRo saxelwodebebi, romlebmac Semdeg mcire cvlilebebi

ganicades da rac maT qarTul warmoSobas mowmobs~ (murie 1962: 11-12).

giorgi yazbegma aWaraSi 1874 wels imogzaura. misi yuradReba

miuqcevia aWaris ramdenime toponims, romlebzec garkveuli mosazrebac

gamouTqvams. kerZod, sofel diakoniZeebis etimologiasTan dakavSirebiT.

misi azriT, sofelma es saxeli qristianobis dros aq mcxovrebi

diakonisagan miiRo. mis masalebSi saintereso sakvlev Tematikas

warmoadgens religiasTan, mcire warRvnasTan (yaragolis tbis Sesaxeb)

dakavSirebuli gadmocemebi da sxva (yazbegi 1995: 71).

5

1879 wels gaz. `droebaSi” gamoqveynda legenda karCxalis mTaze

Tamar Mmefis mier eklesiis aSenebis Sesaxeb.Aaseve daibeWda, evfratis,

inkaklieTisa da xerTvisis saxelwodebasTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebebi

(wereTeli 1879: #141, #187).

aWaris toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebis Sekreba-gamocemis saqmes

didi Rvawli dasdo z. WiWinaZem, romelmac ramdenime mcire

folkloruli krebuli gamoaqveyna. maTSi Sesulia rogorc misi, aseve p.

umikaSvlis, g. wereTlisa da sxvaTa Cawerili folkloruli nimuSebi.

1911 wels manve gamosca wigni `Tamar mefe qarTvel mahmadianTa zepiri

cnobebiT~. masSi Sesulia Tamar mefis Sesaxeb aWaraSi Cawerili bevri

gadmocema, legenda da leqsi (WiWinaZe 1911); z. WiWinaZem yvelaze uxvi

masala Semogvinaxa samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos onomastikaze. igi

saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis osmalos agresiasTan dakavSirebul

toponimebze, romlebSic kargad Cans aWarlebis utexi suli (WiWinaZe 1913:

145).

aWaris toponimuri Tqmulebebis SeswavlaSi mniSvnelovani Rvawli

miuZRvis cnobil qarTvel eTnograf T. saxokias, romelmac wignSi

`mogzaurobani~ Tavi mouyara aWaraSi mogzaurobis dRiurebs (saxokia

1985: 138-305).

aWaraSi xalxuri Semoqmedebis SekrebisaTvis saukeTeso pirobebi

Seiqmna XX saukuneSi. am mxriv metad nayofieri muSaoba gaswies aWaris

yofilma samxareTmcodneo samecniero-kvleviTma institutma da aWaris

saxelmwifo muzeumma.

xalxuri nimuSebis Segroveba da kvleva-Zieba axal simaRleze aiyvana

agreTve saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis samecniero-

kvleviTma institutma.

aRniSnul kvleviT centrebSi daculi masalebi Sekribes: j.

noRaidelma, j. CxeiZem, a. axvledianma, m. qamadaZem da sxvebma. mravali

toponimuri gadmocemaa Setanili j. noRaidelis wignSi `aWaruli

zepirsityviereba~, romelic 1959 wels daibeWda. saintereso masalebia

warmodgenili agreTve a. msxalaZis naSromSi `maWaxlis xeobis

toponimikisaTvis’’ (msxalaZe 1954: 17-29).

6

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan aWaraSi zepirsityvieri masalebis

Segroveba-kvlevas intensiuri xasiaTi mieca. baTumis samecniero_kvleviTi

institutis folkloristTa mier Catarebuli kvleva-Ziebis Sedegebs

eZRvneba aTze meti seriuli Tematikuri krebuli `samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTvelos zepirsityviereba~, institutis TanamSromelTa asze meti

monografia, naSromi, statia da werili (SamilaZe 2008: 24).

aRniSnuli samecniero produqciidan davasaxelebT naSromebs,

romlebsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni sakiTxis kvlevisaTvis. esenia:

`xinos istoriul-eTnografiuli mimoxilva~ (qaTamaZe 1940);…`xixaZiris anu

sxalTis xeobis aRwera~ (axvlediani 1948); `xaris kulti aWarul

folklorSi~ (axvlediani 1964); `Zvirfasi saganZuri~ (surmaniZe 1966);

`lazaroba da qvakacebi aWaraSi~ (Tandilava 1974: 23-24); `legenda sofel

vernebze~ (Tandilava 1978: 58-67); `toponimikuri Ziebani~ (Rlonti 1978: 5);

`ganmarteba mkiTxvelTa TxovniT. toponomi meliqwminda-Janivri~

(surmaniZe 1981: 80-84); `zemo aWaris zogierTi soflis saxelwodebis

etimologiisaTvis~ (qamadaZe 1982: 46-47); èrTi warmarTuli ritualis

Sesaxeb Rorjomis xeobaSi~ (mgelaZe 1984: 105); `Tedo saxokias

folkloristuli moRvaweoba~ (SioSvili 1987); `xaris kultis amsaxveli

erTi sawesCveulebo leqsis Sesaxeb~ (giorgaZe 1988: 53-54);

`qristianobasTan dakavSirebuli toponimebi, kultebi da dResaswaulebi~

(beqiriSvili 1991: 56-88); `z. WiWinaZis mier Cawerili zogierTi toponimis

lokalizaciisaTvis~ (qamadaZe 1996: 10-11); ùZveles rwmena-warmodgenebTan

dakavSirebuli toponimebi aWaraSi~ (qamadaZe 1997: 41); àWaraSi osmalTa

batonobis amsaxveli zepirsityvierebis zneobrivi kredo~ (SioSvili 1999:

125-130); `qristianobasTan dakavSirebuli toponimebi aWaraSi~ (qamadaZe

2000: 124-125); `toponim `maxinjauri~-s etimologiisaTvis~ (axvlediani 2001:

21-22); `keTilisa da borotis problemisaTvis (aWaruli warRvnis

legendis - `noves gemis~ mixedviT)~ (SioSvili 2001: 119); `miTologiuri

gadmocemebi aWaraSi~ (TavdgiriZe 2001); `Tamar mefis ciklis xalxuri

legenda~ (maxaraSvili 2002: 90-91); `mcire warRvnis toponimikuri

Tqmulebebi da gadmocemebi zemo aWaris folklorSi~ (miqelaZe 2005: 107-

115); `qvemo aWaris toponimiidan~ (kukulaZe 2006); `XIX saukunis meore

naxevris qarTvel mklevrTa aWaraSi Sekrebili toponimuri gadmocemebi~

7

(beriZe 2006: 102-112); `toponimia” (qamadaZe 2007: 63). `xalxuri sityviereba“

(SioSvili 2007: 51-53) `warRvnis mizezi (didi warRvnis legendis aWaruli

variantebis mixedviT)~ (maxaraSvili 2008: 74-75); `qristianobisaTvis

brZolis istoriidan samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi~ (futkaraZe 2008:

86-87); `qristianobis amsaxveli toponimebi~ (beriZe 2009: 366-368);

`qristianuli Zeglebis toponimia da Zveli saeklesio moRvaweni”

(surmaniZe 2009: 25-40) da sxva.

aWaris zepirsityvierebis nimuSebis udidesi nawili jerjerobiT

gamoucemelia da sxvadasxva arqivsa da xelnawerTa fondSi inaxeba...

aWaris toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi dRemde ar gamxdara

folkloristTa monografiuli kvlevis sagani. analogiuri Tema

daamuSava gulqan qurasbedianma sadisertacio naSromSi `samxreT-

dasavleT saqarTvelos (samcxis) toponimuri Tqmulebebi~. saintereso

wyaroebis, Tqmulebebis moSveliebiT avtori mravalmxriv aanalizebs

samcxe-javaxeTis toponimur gadmocemebs, ris gamoc misma naSromma

xalxuri sityvierebis mklevarTa didi interesi gamoiwvia.

folkloristikas, rogorc cnobilia, mniSvnelovani kavSiri aqvs

dialeqtologiasTan. Ddialeqtologia folkloristikis erT-erT

momijnave disciplinaa. toponimuri kvleva-Ziebis dros arsebiTi

mniSvneloba aqvs dialeqtTa monacemebs. `geografiul~ saxelTa

analizisas irkveva mravali sityvis etimologia da enis

sityvaTwarmoebis saSualebani. aWaris onomastikis ganxriT mniSvnelovan

kvlevasa da masalebs gvawvdis m. qamadaZe monografiaSi `zemo aWaris

toponimia~ (qamadaZe 1992).

religiur-istoriuli Tqmuleba-gadmocemebis kvlevas didi

mniSvneloba aqvs rogorc aWaris folkloris, aseve saqarTvelos

istoriis, eTnografiis, religiisa da enis istoriis SeswavlaSi. Aamgvari

kvleva saSualebas gvaZlevs gadavwyvitoT qarTuli folkloris,

saqarTvelos istoriis, enaTmecnierebis, kerZod, leqsikologiis ara

erTi mniSvnelovani problema. folkloruli wyaros yoveli axali

migneba-aRnusxva da misi mecnieruli analizi aWaris istoriis ukeT

SeswavlaSi dagvexmareba.

8

Cvens naSromSi warmodgenili Tqmulebebi xalxis kuTvnilebaa.

aWaraSi toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebis siWarbe mxaris mkvidrTa

Tavgadasavalma ganapiroba. TiToeul toponims aqvs Tavisi dasabami,

cxovreba da istoria. zogierTi Seiqmna garkveul istoriul movlenaTa

fonze. zogierTma ki saTave daudo Tqmulebas, an piriqiT, ambavma daudo

saTave toponims da geografiuli saxelis xalxur etimologias.

toponimebi mravalmxriv areklaven istoriul sinamdviles, raSic

qvemoT ganxiluli Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi dagvarwmuneben. es aris

cocxali masala, romlis nawilic jer kidev warmarTuli xanidan modis.

toponimebis didi nawili sxvadasxva epoqisa da religiis (qristianoba,

islami) niSnebiT aris aRbeWdili.

sadisertacio naSromSi aRZruli problemebi ganxilulia

Tanamedrove folkloristikis, istoriografiis da lingvistikis

miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT. Cveni gamokvleva emyareba zemoT

dasaxelebul publikaciebsa da naSromebs, saarqivo masalas, romlebSic

daculia n. berZeniSvilis samecniero kvleviTi institutisa da aWaris

saxelmwifo muzeumis xelnawerTa fondebi. viyenebT, agreTve, savele-

folkloruli eqspediciis dros Cven mier mopovebul masalebs,

romlebic Cawerilia xelvaCauris (maWaxlis xeoba), qedis, Suaxevisa da

xulos raionebis soflebSi.

9

Tavi I. uZvelesi religiur-sakulto warmomavlobis toponimebi da

maTTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebebi

qarTvelebi qvas adreuli saukuneebidanve scemdnen Tayvans:

`qarTvelebi RmerTebs boCsa da sxvaTa qvebis grovaSi gulisxmobdnen da

bomonebic qvisa hqondaT~ - wers Teimuraz batoniSvili (batoniSvili 1848:

75). klde da qva uZvelesi droidan sulieri Zalebis samyofelad iyo

miCneuli.

qvebisadmi Tayvaniscemis tradicia msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi

gvxdeba. qristianobis damkvidrebamde saqarTveloSi kerpTayvanismcemlebi

cxovrobdnen. isini xSirad kerpebs Tavad hqmnidnen, an uCveulo zomisa da

formis qvas racxdnen RvTaebad. Mmidiodnen maTTan da swiravden

msxverpls, sanovages, purs da sakulto ritualebs asrulebdnen. maTi

rwmeniT, zoomorful da anTropomorful qvebs magiuri Zala hqondaT.

qvaTa Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb saintereso dakvirvebebs gvTavazobs

vaxtang kotetiSvili: `uZveles drosa da dResac, ukulturo modgmaTa

Soris, RvTaebaTa Cveulebrivi simboloebi qvebi iyvnen. zogi _ cidan

Camocvenili aeroliTebi, romelTac cidan gamogzavnilad Tvlidnen da

Tayvans scemdnen. qvaTa Tayvaniscema gavrcelebuli yofila yvelgan _

aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTSi. Aam Tayvaniscemis niSnebi CvenSi dRemde

SemorCenila, Tundac imave javaxeTSi. faravnis tbis aremareSi dResac

gviCveneben gaqvavebul cxvris formas Tavisi mwyemsebiT, nefe-dedofals

da sxva formebs, rasTanac mravali Tqmulebaa dakavSirebuli da

sakulto niSnebic Cans. aseTive xasiaTis Zeglia manglisis mTaSi, sofel

axotilas Tavze, e. w. `amindis qva, romelic dakavSirebulia amindTan

gvalvisa Tu wvimebis dros, dResac am qvebisaken miemarTeba procesia da

locva-vedrebiT an mxars ubruneben qvas, asweven Tu dasweven. TviTon

qvas ki adamianebis konturebi aqvs. msgavsi kultis naSTebi sxva

adgilebSic gvxdeba, magaliTad, kopalas qva fSavSi. Ees salocavi qva

dRemde Semonaxulia aragvis xeobaSi Jinvalis zemoT, qsnis saTaveSi,

mejudis xeobaSi~ (kotetiSvili 1961: 335).

qristianobam miznad daisaxa warmarTuli kultis uaryofa da misi

gadafarva axali sakraluri SinaarsiT. Aamis dasturia uZvelesi

qarTuli hagiografiuli teqsti `ninos cxovreba~, romlis Sesaxebac jer

10

kidev T. Jordania werda: `qadageba dawerilia im dros, rodesac

qarTvelni mzes Tayvans scemdnen: mqadagebeli cdilobs qristianoba

dauaxlovos cecxlisa da mzis TayvanismcemelTa sarwmunoebis umTavres

dogmatebs da am mizniT qristes hsaxavs mzed, cecxlad, siTbod,

naTelad, romelic gamobrwyinda aRmosavleTiT da gananaTlebs yovels

miss mosavs, xolo urCTa da usjuloTa daswvavs _ amnairad mqadagebeli

ara Tu ar arRvevs xalxis cecxlTayvaniscemlobiTs azrebs da

doRmatebs, aramed uaxloebs mas TiTqmis erTnayofamde qristianobas”

(Jordania 1892: 4).

swored es sakiTxebia gaSuqebuli r. siraZis specialur gamokvlevaSi

`wminda nino da deda-ufali~ (siraZe 1987). TviT sveti-cxovelic ki,

Tavdapirvelad, deda-boZis warmarTul kults daukavSires

axladmoqceulma qarTvelebma (xalvaSi).

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom mirian mefe sagangebod afrTxilebda Tavis

STamomavlebs: `aha esera icvala bneli Cueni naTlad da sikudili Cueni

cxorebad. aw sadaca hpovne queyanasa Sina Sensa vnebani igi qarTlisani,

macTurni kerpni, cecxliTa dawuen da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT

eglovdes! da ese amcen SvilTa SenTa, rameTu me vici igi, mwrafl

kavkasiasa Sina ver dailevian~ (Satberdis krebuli 1979: 355).

SesaZlebelia, qvis warmarTuli kultis siZlierem ganapiroba tbel

abuserisZis hagiografiul teqstSi `saswaulni wmidisa mTavarmowamisa

giorgisni~ qvis qristianuli simbolikis amgvari xazgasma. rogorc r.

xalvaSi wers, `saswaulni wmindisa giorgisnis~ saxismetyvelebaSi qvis

qristianul simbolikas wamyvani adgili uWiravs. Aase erTiandeba teqstSi

`sveti qvrivisai~, `sveti qvisai~, `qvai didi da mZime friad~ _ `saswauli

erTisa qvisaTvs~, `Suartylis wm. giorgis `taZari sakvirveli~ _ `didad

mSvenieri da wminda gebuli qvebiTa, friad didTa da mravlaTa mier

satvirTavadca Zniad SesaZlebeliTa~, `sasanTle qvisai~ `juari qvisai~.

qarTul hagiografiaSi mxolod asurel mamaTa hagiografiul cikls

axasiaTebs qvis simbolikis amgvari aqcentireba. `daviT garejelis

cxovrebaSi“ gadmocemulia sami qvis saswauli: wminda miwis

mosanaxuleblad wasulma daviT garejelma `madlovnebis~ qedidan

`aRixuna samni qvani da STaisxna maxalaksa evlogiad da ukuniqca~.

11

ierusalimis patriarq elias xilvaSi euwyeba, rom daviTma

`sarwmunoebiTa misiTa wariRo sruliad madli ierusalimisa(asureli

mamebi 1955) am saswaulis simboluri mniSvneloba cnaurdeba `lodis~

simbolosTan qvis mimarTebiT: `mouxunen maxalakisagan lodni igi~,

`lodi ege erTi iyos mosaxsenebeli Jamisa amisa~. mocemuli bibliuri

simbolika gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens tbel abuserisZis

nawarmoebSi (xalvaSi 1998: 49-51).

`qva~ bibliaSi _ rogorc Zvel, aseve axal aRTqmaSi, Rrma simbolur

mniSvnelobas iZens da ganasaxovnebs yovladwminda RvTismSobelsa da

macxovars. mTisa da kldis bibliuri simbolikis gasagebad a. baqraZes

`danielis winaswarmetyveleba~ mohyavs (Tavi 2, muxli 2-49). danielis

winaswarmetyvelebis simbolika jer kidev pavle mociqulma ganmarta

pirvel epistoleSi korinTelTa mimarT (Tavi 10, muxli 4); „xolo klde

igi iyo qriste“. Tu qriste lodia, maSin mTa, romelsac es lodi

gamoekveTa, wm. mariamia. amitom mimarTavs RmrTismSobels himnografosi –

„winaჲTve gqadagebdes, ubiwoo, winaswarmetyuelni gamogsaxvides… mTad

gamoukueTelad“ (baqraZe 2004: 170-171).

qarTul folklorSi dResac cocxlobs gadmocemebi qvakacebis

Sesaxeb. zogierTma maTganma mxatvrul literaturaSic SeaRwia: `kldovan

napirze maRla aSotili qvakaca idga. sxivi zed jer kidev aCenda

tvifrul asoebsa da burcul niSnebs. es qvakaca RmerTis gamosaxuleba

ar iyo, Tumca amdagvarad zRvispireTis qarTveli da qarTveluri tomebi

kerpebad racxdnen, berZnebi ki maTi mibaZviT _ kvirbebs uwodebdnen.

yvelas saqarTvelos Tvistomsa da ucxos, swamda qvakacTa idumali Zala

da zegardmo warmomavloba” (goTua 1982: 5).

am mxrv gamonakliss arc aWara warmoadgens, sadac mravlad gvxvdeba

qvis animistur kultTan dakavSirebuli toponimuri Tqmuleba-

gadmocemebi. qvakacebis adgilsamyofeli maRali mTebia: karCxali,

peranga, arsianis mTa da sxva. romelTa Semogareni saxnav-saTesebsa da

umTavresad, saZovrebs warmoadgens. mecnierTa erTi nawili maT

`veSapoidebs~ uwodebs. xalxis mosazrebiT ki, isini wminda

daniSnulebis qvebia, romlebsac rudunebiTa da pativiscemiT epyrobian.

12

aWaris xeobebSi ramdenime adgilas damowmebulia sxvadasxva

saxeobis qvakaca. `qvakaca~ dandalos sakrebulos sofel takiZeebis

adgilis saxelwodebaa. aRsaniSnavia Wvanis xeobis saTaveebTan, maRal

mTaze, wmindanebis mTis maxloblad aRmarTuli qvakacebi. amave

saxelwodebis adgilia, agreTve, xixaZiris xeobis s. vernebsa da mareTis

xeobis mTebSi. igi gvxdeba kurort beSumis nasaxlaris maxlobladac. aq

am adgilsac qvakaca hqvia. qvakacebi dafiqsirda, agreTve kintriSis

xeobis saTaveebSi, mTa sarbielaze. aqac ramdenime qvakacaa aRmarTuli,

romelsac mosaxleoba siZe-rZals eZaxis. kacis gamosaxulebiani ki

aWaraSi dRemde mxolod ori qvakacaa mikvleuli _ dandalosa da

beSumSi. qvakacebs udides yuradRebas aqcevdnen: `vinc qvakacidan qvas

gadaagdebs, codvas SeiZens. Aaq momsvlelma unda gaasworos qvakacebze

qvebi, Camovardnili qva zed dados (Tandilava 1974: 17 - ixileT danarTi

#1).

qvakacebis Tayvaniscemis mdidari masala Wvanis xeobaSi dasturdeba.

patara qvebisgan nagebi qvakacebis midamoebi wminda adgilad iTvleba. aq

imarTeboda sxvadasxva saritualo ceremoniali da warmoebda msxverplis

Sewirva, umTavresad, gvalvebis an didi wvimebis dros.

toponimuri, istoriul-arqeologiuri da eTnografiuli masalebi

toponim qvakacasa da kerp-qvakacebis Sesaxeb. bevrgan qvakacebi aRar

gvxdeba, magram maTi saxeli mainc SemorCa (diasamiZe 1981: 99-101).

qarTvel mTielTa yofasa da sarwmunoebriv tradiciebSi mtkiced

damkvidrebuli samlocvelo niSnebis msgavsad, maRalmTiani xulos

raionis xixaZiris sakrebulos alpur zonaSi gvxdeba e. w. Qqvakacebi,

romlebic metr-naxevari simaRlis konusismagvari naSenebia. Aagebis

principiT mTlianad hgavs cnobil samlocvelo niSebs. aq sruldeboda

sajaro locva, msxverplTSewirva da sxva: `vernebs rom gadmodgomia,

`maRalTi~ hqvia... iq meiyreboda xalxi yaraderedan, sxalTiReledan,

Subnidan, darCiZeebidan, kobalTidan... iq yofila Sesawiris dakvla.

morigeobiT ikiTxavdnen locvas. xalxi amins ityoda. Sesawirs yvelas

duurigebdnen... qvakacebs axlac vakeTebT (mTq. S. abaSiZe, 75 w. xulos

raioni, sofeli vernebi. Caiwera j. jayelma 1972) - ixileT danarTi # 2).

13

j. jayeli amasTan dakavSirebiT Tvlis, rom es wes-Cveuleba axlosaa

uZveles qarTul tradiciebTan da aRniSnavs: `folklorma leqsis saxiT

veraferi Semogvinaxa qvakacebze, magram Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi maTi

warmoSobis mizezad meqorwileTa, nefe-dedoflis gaqvavebas asaxeleben.

amitom, icodnen ra, RmerTTan isaa manZiliT axlos, vinc maRal mTaze

avao, swored aq qmnidnen samlocvelo kerpebs, swiravdnen Sesawirebs,

loculobdnen da evedrebodnen. swored amisi dadastureba da realuri

magaliTi unda iyos qvakacebis arseboba, romelTa fesvebic ufro

Soreul warsulSi unda veZioT, vidre samlocvelo niSnebisa (jayeli

1975: 63) - ixileT danarTi #3).

Aam TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, sofel vernebis mkvidr xasan zeqerias Ze

abaSiZis naambobi: èrTi kaci wasula haj. misTvis uTqvamT, _ haj wasvlas

ager welaTSi rom didgoria, iq asuliyav da geloca, ufro did madls

meigebdio. …dabrunebuls yvelaferi aqaurebisTvis uTqvams. mis mere haj

aravin ar midioda. Aam soflidan yvela didgorze adioda. … aqaurebi

ziareT ijeba da madli mosagebad didgorze weliwadSi erTjer

adiodnen. iq ilocavs, RmerTs Seexveweba, _ kargad mimyofe HCemi ojaxi,

kargi mosavali momeci, kargi amindebi weiyvane mosavlisTviso. Kktrebsac

axseneben~ (Tandilava 1974: 17) _ixileT danarTi #4).

informatori aseve xazs usvams da erTmaneTisgan mijnavs

muslimanuri religiis msaxurebisa da wminda mTaze asvlis

daniSnulebas, igi ambobs: ès locva rom kacma jameSi Seasrulos ar

iqneba. jameSi xoja locvilobs da sxva amin ityvis. Sen ra ginda, xojam

ra icis; is erTnairad locvilobs yuelTvin. calke kacs ki roca unda,

didgoraze exveweba gamCenel RmerT~ (iqve). mTqmels dasturad aseT faqti

moutania: àq amosuli da mlocavi barsami minaxavs. guSin tomaSeTeli

ori kaci amovda da ilocao~. es gadmocema uTuod sinamdviles

warmoadgens da eWvi ar aris, `qvakacebi~ adre salocav kerpebs

warmoadgendnen da garkveuli funqciac hqondaT... (Tandilava 1974: 17).

XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi, Cawerili xalxuri masalis mixedviT,

SubanSi, zafxulSi sofel darCiZeebis mkvidrni adiodnen maRal mTaze,

romelsac `samelia seri~ erqva. Aam mTas zafxulobiT stumrobdnen,

mihyavdaT cxvari an sxva Sesawiri, iq klavdnen da RmerTs amindis

14

gamosvlas, ojaxur bednierebasa da RvTis wyalobas evedrebodnen (mTq. n.

cecxlaZe, dab 1942 w. sof. darCiZeebSi da mcx. q. baTumSi. S. cecxlaZe,

dab 1940 w. sof. Subani da mcx. q. baTumSi Cav. 2012 w. piradi arqivi -

ixileT danarTi #5).

mkvlevarTa erTi nawili aRniSnul rituals lazarobis qristianul

dResaswaulTan akavSirebs: `aWaraSi gavrcelebuli wes-Cveulebebidan

gansakuTrebiT lazarobis rituali unda gamovyoT. marTalia, es

xalxuri wes-Cveuleba didi arqaulobiT gamoirCeva da warmarTuli da

qristianuli tradiciebis erTgvar simbiozs warmoadgens, magram

saqarTveloSic da sxva qristianul (vrcel balkanur-slavur arealSi)

igi gansakuTrebiT lazares saxels daukavSirda. Ees, SesaZloa, imiTac

iyos gamowveuli, rom lazares xsenebis dRe, qristianuli kalendriT,

sagazafxulo dReobebis ciklSi Sedis (aRdgomis wina kviris SabaTi).

gazafxulze zamTris Zilidan `mkvdreTiT aRmdgari~ bunebis ganaxlebis,

aRorZinebis xalxuri wes-Cveulebebis dakavSireba gardacvlili da

mkvdreTiT aRmdgari wmindanis saxelTan, ra Tqma unda, ar unda iyos

SemTxveviTi da Rrma simbolur qveteqsts Seicavs. ueWvelia, xalxuri

lazarobis mTavari personaJi, ioanes saxarebis lazares ukavSirdeba

(ioane 11)~ (giorgaZe 1989: 125-127). m. giorgaZes, Tavisi mosazrebis

dasasabuTeblad, aseve mohyavs mesxeTSi Cawerili apokrifuli xasiaTis

legenda, romelic `lazarobis~ wes-Cveulebis dawesebas Semdegnairad

xsnis: `mei vyofilvar Raribi, morwmune. ieso qriste dadis da xaliCebs

ufenen, pativi dasdes. Mme vifiqre, rome xaliCebi ara maq, zeze avedi,

maRla. ieso qriste zis jorikaze, ro gamoiara, me maRlidan var.

lazareo, Sen ufro didi pativi mecio. Senao ici, ra Zalas mogcemo?

Zalian gvalva ro iqneba, wminda lazars dagarqmeven da ivlian (giorgaZe

1989: 125-127).

marTlac, lazarobas xalxSi didi pativiscemiT epyrobodnen.

maTTvis am rituals dResaswaulis daniSnuleba hqonda. rogorc

saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi, aWaraSic, sadac gamahmadianebis Semdegac

SemorCa Zveli kalendaruli Cveulebebi, lazarobis ritualis

Sesrulebisas dedofalas daatarebdnen simReriT:

`lazar modga karsao,

15

iRorRoSebs Tavsao,

abrialebs Tvalsao,

pativs scems mama ufalsao

cxrili agorebulao,

wvimac gaCerebulao~.

aWaraSi Aanalogiuri xasiaTis amindis rituali sruldeboda eliobis

dResaswaulzec: `eliaobis wes-Cveulebebis aRwerisas xSiradaa

xazgasmuli, rom am dRes (Zv. stiliT 20 ivlisi) adiodnen maRla serze,

mTaze, da a. S. mTaze masobrivi asvlis da amindis ritualis Sesrulebis

tradicia, rogorc aRvniSneT, SuamTobis drosac icodnen aWaraSi, rac

kalendarulad TiTqmis emTxveva eliaobas~ (giorgaZe 1989: 128) - ixileT

danarTi #6).

,,ritualuri Camovlis Cveuleba da Sesabamisi leqs-simRerebis

warmoTqma kalendaruli sawesCveulebo poeziis mniSvnelovan nawils

Seadgens. miuxedavad imisa, rom es teqstebi sruldeboda sxvadasxva

kalendaruli dResaswaulebis Tu wes-Cveulebebis Sesrulebisas

(berikaoba, dedofloba, xareba, aRdgomis kvira, lazaroba da a.S.), maT

erTi funqcia, erTgvari daniSnuleba hqonda, ramac ganapiroba Camovlis

teqstebis erTgvarovnebac” (giorgaZe 1993: 23).

Aamave mosazrebas iziareben mkvlevrebi mamia faRava da nugzar

mgelaZe: `aWaraSi CveulebaTa erTi nawili warmarTobis wiaRSia

Casaxuli, Tumca, rogorc eklesia, aseve qarTuli tradiciuli eTika

mudam subordinaciis dacvas cdilobda da Semwynareblobis fonze

tradiciulisa da saeklesio normebis SesatyvisobaSi moyvanasac ar

gamoricxavda. amis dasasabuTeblad aWaraSi mravali konkretuli wyaro

arsebobs, magram amjerad sakmarisia `lazarobis~ tradicia davasaxeloT,

romelic Tavisi SinaarsiTa da arsiT ZiriTad monaxazebSi warmarTulia,

magram aseve calkeuli niSniT qristianul elementebs inarCunebs da

TviT am Cveulebis saxelwodebac qristiani wmindanis lazares saxels

atarebs~ (mgelaZe, faRava 1999: 142).

mkvlevar z. Tandilavas qvakacebTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani

kvlevebi uwarmoebia. Cautarebia savele eqspediciebi, ris Sedegadac

askvnis: `qvakacebis~ Tavdapirveli funqcia uSualo kavSirSi unda

16

yofiliyo lazarobis wes-CveulebebTan, amindis magiuri marTvis

ritualebTan. Tu es asea, egeb qvakacebi RvTabadac iyo miCneuli, an

amindis TuU wylis gamgeblis simbolur gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda, ise

rogorc veSap-veSapoidi. Tumca avtori iqve dasZens: àrc isaa

gamoricxuli, rom `qvakaca~ ukavSirdebodes qvis kults, rasac

lazarobis ritualebSi garkveuli adgili uWiravs~ (Tandilava 1974: 18).

faqtia isic, rom aWaraSi religiur rwmena-warmodgenebTan

dakavSirebuli Tqmulebebi kontaminirebuli saxiT gvxdeba.

sainteresoa gadmocema `sarmiyelis~ mTaze arsebul qvakacebze,

romelic siZe-rZals ukavSirdeba. am gadmocemis mixedviT, mTa gvancas

asuli, karCxalis vaJze dawinduli, xinosaTvis miuTxovebiaT. karCxalam

es ver aitana da RmerTs siZe-patarZlisa da mayrionis gaqvaveba SesTxova,

rac viTom aRsrulda kidec – gvauwyebs al. qaTamaZisa da sxvaTa

Canawerebi (qaTamaZe 1940: 13 - ixileT danarTi #7).

Tqmulebis ufro adreuli versiaa daculi J. muries CanawerebSi.

qedis raionis sofel dandalos `xidis erT-erT burjze TiTqos

adamianis fexis kvali Cans~. ai, ras yvebian amis Sesaxeb aWarlebi.

SeniSnavda J. murie Tavis naSromSi `baTumi da Woroxis auzi~ _

`karCxalis erT mosaxles unda SeerTo gvanceli qaliSvili, patarZali

saqmros saxlSi erTi gvanceli vaJkacis colis TanxlebiT movida,

romelic masaviT lamazi iyo. dedamTils, romelic maT karis zRurblze

Sexvda, cudad eniSna es ambavi da orive daswyevla, orive umal gaqvavda.

isini arian swored is ori qvis konusi, romelic karCxalis maRlobzea

aRmarTuli. ìavelad~ wodebuli patarZlis amxanagis qmari ver Seurigda

meuRlis dakargvas, igi yoveldRe adioda, gvancas mTis mwvervalze,

uyurebda Tavis gaqvavebul cols da godebda. vaJkacis moTqma aryevda

mTasa da bars, mosvenebas ar aZlevda mosaxleobas. SeSinebuli

dedakacebi mSobiarobis unars kargavdnen, xolo mamakacebi

uZlurdebodnen. maSin gamoCnda `qedelaurad~ wodebuli vaJkaci,

romelmac daavlo xeli iavelas (kaci romelic valalebs), jaWviT Sekra,

gadaiyvana xidze da iq erT adgils miajaWva, romelsac dResac

`sabelaurs~ eZaxian. ìavela~ dahpirda gmir qedelaurs, am qveyanas aRar

Sevawuxeb godebiTo da jaWvis axsnisTanave dahkra fexi xidis burjs,

17

gadaaxta gvancas mTas da samudamod daikarga. misi naterfali ki qvaze

darCa. meore gmiris saxeli sofelma qedelaurma Semoinaxa~ (murie 1962:

40 - ixileT danarTi #8). D

dReisaTvis es Tqmuleba saxecvlili saxiTaa SemorCenili. mTqmeli

kontaminirebuli formiT warmogvidgens gvanca-lelas folklorul

saxes. informatoris TxrobiT: `gvanca-lelas imxela guduudgmia fexi,

rom erTi fexi gvancas mTaze da iqidan meore fexi sabelaurSi duudgams.

sabelaurSi misi fexdanadgami axlac etyobao (mTqm. e.EcincaZe. qedis

raionis mkvidri, 67 w. Caviwere 2007 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi

#9).

,,gvanca-lela~ ewodeba, adgils, romelic qedis raionis soflebis,

dandalosa da balaZeebis tyeSi maRal qedze mdebareobs. Tqmulebis sxva

versiiT, gvanca da lela balaZeebis mTis ferdobze daRupulan. isini

debi yofilan. TavianTi razmiT Tavs esxmodnen momxvdurebs.

Tanasoflelebs rwmenasa da imeds unergavdnen, Tavad acxobdnen mWads da

tradiciulad jvars asvamdnen. adgilas, sadac gadaiCexnen

Tanasoflelebma samSoblos erTguli debis saxeli Searqves” (takiZe

dariko, dab. sof. dandaloSi da mcx. daba xelvaCaurSi. 43 w. 2009 w.

piradi arqivi.

amave ciklis Tqmulebis erT-erTi varianti ukavSirdeba najvarevs,

romelic gvancas mTasTan axlos mdebareobs _ qedis raionis sofel

takiZeebSi, ivanesa da bagrataulis ubnebs Soris. AosmalTa batonobis

xanaSi aqaurebi saidumlod, RamiT dadiodnen da gamCens gadarCenas

SesTxovdnen. osmalom ver gaigo, vin akeTebda amas. bolos Causafrdnen,

daadgines, rom maT yovelTvis mzeTunaxavi gvanca da lela miuZRodnen

da Tavad asrulebdnen ritualebs. rac Seexeba maT istorias, gvancasa da

lelas mSoblebi uTanasworo brZolaSi adre dauxocavT, Tavad ki mTaSi

miimalnen da mosaxleobas icavdnen. Oosmalebma oqro-vercxli ar

daiSures, oRond gvanca da lela Tavidan moeSorebinaT, magram amis

gakeTeba Zalian gauWirdaT, vinaidan gvanca da lela xalxs Zalian

yvarebiaT. bolos isini Turme erTma pirSavma dedaberma gasca. debi

Tavdamsxmelebs ver gaumklavdnen, magram arc danebdnen da kldeze

18

gadaiCexeno. amitom aqaurobas `gvanca-lela~ daerqva. Aam kldes isini

dResac pativs scemen (qaTamaZe 1940: 13 _ ixileT danarTi #10).

Qqedis raionis sofel namonastrevis qedze, kldian adgils `gvanca-

lelas gaqvavebul mayrions eZaxian. rogorc sofel dandalos mkvidri

surie avaliani mogviTxrobs: `dedamTilis qmars Turme meore coli

moyavda, es ambavi misi saxlis rZals Zalian uxaroda. dedamTils

duuwyevlia misi rZali da mayrioni RmerTma gagaqvavoso. RmerTs

Suusmenia da iq mosuli mayrioni guuqvavebia (mTqm. s. avaliani, dab. da

mcx. sofel dandaloSi, 77 w. Caviwere 2011 w. piradi arqivi _ ixileT

danarTi #11).

analogiuria TurqeTSi mcxovrebi muhajirebis naambobic: `anai (deda

– n. m.) ityoda: karCxalelam bancalelas (<gvanca-lelas – n. m.) qali

mices. Mmovden mayrebi karCxalze. dodofalma gulSi geirunia: RmerTo,

Cem miyuanamdi dedamTili mokalio. megom dedamTili evlia (gulTmisani –

n. m.) iyo da Seityva. imanac dawyevla: _ haca xarT, RmerTma iq quaseviT

gaqxadono. gerCeq (marTlac – n. m.) gaquavden dadiebi da dodofali

tyvian, axlac dgaran qvainsnebio (mTqm. sultan da sabri iavuzebi

(futkaraZeebi), sultan sezeri (takiZe) _ futkaraZe 1993: 144 _ ixileT

danarTi #12).

Wvanis xeobis sofel WalaSi, mkvlevar ramaz surmaniZis cnobiT, am

soflis zemoT, tyeSi, gomardulisken mimaval bilikTan axlos, mdinaris

piras aris didi qva, romelsac adamianis fexis msgavsi forma aqvs. am

qvasTan xSirad mivdiodiT da gvixaroda iq misvla. bebias monaTxrobiT

am qvaze `wmindans~ cali fexi rom daukria iqeTa xeobis meore mxares

gadasula da iq xelis Camonakravic _ aCndao~. am adgilis saxels avtori

ver ixsenebs. magram is ki icis, rom `aq wmindanma gadaiqrola zRapruli

raSiTo~ (ixileT danarTi #13).

iqve mkvlevari ixsenebs, Wvanelebi gvalvis dros rogor exvewebodnen

wm. Ggiorgis, gaawvimeo: `didi gvalvebis dros Wvanelebi saerTo fuliT

SeiZendnen saklavs, Caiyvandnen Wvanis `TaRovan xidze~, xidis qveS

Camokidebdnen da wm. giorgis evedrebodnen _ `wm. giorgi wvima

mogvivlineo”. dakluls ki xidze Camokidebuls tovebdnen (mTq. Pprof. r.

surmaniZe, danarTi #14 (a) xelnawerTa uflebiT). imave versiaze saubrobs

19

sofel zemoxevSi mcxovrebi Tenzile qarcivaZe-WaRaliZisa. Aam

TqmulebebSi, Cveni azriT, amindis marTvis RvTaeba èliazea~ saubari,

magram is, rogorc saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi, aqac wm. giorgis

Caunacvlebia (ixileT danarTi #14 (b). MmagaliTad, TrialeTSi xars,

mTeli sofeli yidulobda da wvimis gamosaTxovrad wm. giorgis swiravda

(sixaruliZe 1972: 33).

aWaraSi Caweril toponimur gadmocemaTa ganxilul ciklSi zogjer

figurireben mahmadianuri miTologiis gmirebi da personaJebi.

Suaxevis raionis sofel qiZiniZeebis TavSi, TurqeT-saqarTvelos

sazRvris neitralur zonaSi, aris mTa, romelsac `wmindisers~ eZaxian. am

mTis gverdiT, daaxloebiT erT kilometrSi, aris didi zomis qva _

`goris kilde~ (gomanis qva, goris qva), romelic gomanis teritorias

miekuTvneba. qvasTan dakavSirebiT aqaurebi saintereso ambebs yvebian: àm

qvaze uwindel dros, dedakacebi adiodnen da loculobdnen, magram ras,

ar vicio... am qvis dasavleTiT, `wmindiseria~, xolo mis qvemoT amave

soflis mosaxleobas sazafxulo iailebi aqvs. ìsini ialaRebidan

daaxloebiT 3-4 kilometrs adiodnen da qvasTan, an qvis Tavze

loculobdneno. Turme am qvaze xezreTi alis gadauvlia Tavisi

cxenianad, klde Suaze gaupia da ise gaugrZelebia gza `wmindiserisken~.

kldeze axlac atyvia cxenis nafexurebi da cxenis kudis mier gapobili

naprali (kudi rom gaaTria, iman datova naprali~ mosaxleoba am adgils

gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT epyroba _ qalebi, kacebi, bavSvebi im cxenis

nafexurebSi kenWebs toveben, survils CauTqvamen da ukanmouxedavad

toveben im adgils. maT sjeraT, rom es qva survilebs ausrulebs~

(mTqmeli S. gogitiZe dab. sofel qiZiniZeebSi da mcx. qalaq baTumSi. 2012.

piradi arqivi _ ixileT danarTi #15; 16).

zemoT moyvanili Tqmuleba mTqmelis, Salva gogitiZis azriT,

mahmadanuri religiis msaxur `xezreTi alis~ exeba. aWaraSi xezreTi

alis Sesaxeb mravali gadmocemaa Cawerili, magram isini gansxavavdebian

am ambisgan. Tanac sayuradReboa erTi garemoebac, iq dadian dedakacebi

da bavSvebi da ritualsac isini asruleben. mamakacebi ratomRac

pasiuroben. Ggomanis midamoebSi dResac muslimebi cxovroben da Tu

20

amdenad mniSvnelovania es adgili maTTvis, Tanac `xezreTi ali~

mahmadianis wmindania, am sakiTxiT ratom ar dainteresdnen mamakacebi?

msgavsi ciklis Tqmulebebi da xezreTi alis saxe aWarul

folklorSi warmodgenilia. wignSi `qarTveli muslimebi

Tanamedroveobis konteqstSi~. mkvlevari Tina SioSvili wers: `Zneli ar

aris... xezreTi alis saxiT davinaxoT veSapTmebrZoli gmiri, romlis

genezis miTosuri eposia, saidanac es personaJi gadavida sazRapro

eposSi. veSaTmebrZolis gmiris, anu egreTwodebuli kulturologiuri

gmiris saxes kargad icnobs rogorc msoflios yvela uZvelesi xalxis,

ise qarTvelTa folklorul-miTologiuri Semoqmedeba, romlis uSualo

gavleniTac unda momxdariyo wmindanis saxis transformireba jadosnuri

zRapris gmirad” (SioSvili 2010: 174).

,,xezreTi alis ciklis aWaruli legendebis mixedviT, ali

uZleveli, yovlisSemZle da uflis rCeulia. mis saqmeebs ganagebs ufali.

is pirveli dawinaurebuli piria caTa sasufevelSi (Coxatauri raioni

taStan paqsaZe (nbifa, saqme #219, gv. 13-16). TqmulebebSi gazviadebulia,

rogorc gmiris aseve misi cxenis magiuri Zalac: `xezreTi alis iseTi

cxeni hyavda, rom haeroplaniviT frinevda. cxviridan imfer fut uSvebda,

rom naxevari jari imiT wydebodao~ (nbifa, saqme #257, gv. 44 - ixileT

danarTi #17). an kidev `xezreTi alis cxeni fexebs rum gadaadgams, seri

sers exuteba da ise midian, rum seridan serze fexs gadaadgmen da memre

isev Soravdeba serebi erTimeores~ (nbifa, saqme #194, gv. 62); (SioSvili

2010: 174 _ ixileT danarTi #18).

xulos raionSi SemorCenil TqmulebaSi, wminda mxedris iaraRi

`maTraxia~, misi meSveobiT amarcxebs mters, saasparezo adgili ki aqac

maRali mTaa `ialaRi~. Mmas mosaxleoba `feiRambris fexs~ // `feiRambris

qvas~ - uwodebs. Aaseve gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi garemoeba, aqac,

rogorc zemoT aRniSnul TqmulebaSi (goris kilde) adiodnen da dResac

adian mlocvelebi, aaqvT cotaodeni Sesawiri: puri, saWmeli, xili da

sxva. sanovages toveben an adgilzeve miirTmeven da sxvasac

umaspinZldebian. yvelaze mniSvnelovani ki is aris, rom am qvas, im

naterfals, saswaul Zalas miaweren. msgavsad TurqeTSi Cawerili

Tqmulebisa, aqac, am adgilsac iZineben, survilebs CauTqvamen, Tu

21

nafexurSi wyalia imiT pir-saxes daibanen _ M`mas kurnebadi Zala

gaaCniao~ da mere ukan brundebian. mTqmelebi mogviTxroben: `xalxis

gasanadgureblad mosul devebsa da veSapebs am mTaze Camouswro

feiRamberma da isini maTraxiT Suaze gaapo da lodebad aqciao. es is

lodebia, romelic `feiRambris naterfalis~ qvemoT miwaSia Cazrdili

(mTqmeli: jayeli _ melaZe, sof. Aalmes mkvidri, 80 w. piradi arqivi, 2008

w. _ ixileT danarTi #19).

wminda adgilis gverdiT aris mozrdili qva, razec adamianis didi

nafexuria. xalxis warmodgeniT es adgili wmindaa, `ziareTia~, _ vinaidan

aq `feiRambris fexdanadgamia~ da am adgils isini didi pativiTa da

mowiwebiT epyrobian. rac Seexeba kiTxvas Tu romeli `feiRamberis fexis

naterfalia~? am kiTxvaze pasuxoben da amboben: `RmerT_gamCenelis

mociqulio~. ra Tqma unda, Zneli gasarkvevia, Tu romel wmindans

gulisxmobs mTqmeli, magram savaraudoa, rom es iyos wminda giorgi.

analogiisTvis moviyvanT fereidnel qarTvelebSi dacul gadmocemas

wm. giorgis lodis Sesaxeb. Sah-abasis mier XVII saukunis 10-ian wlebSi

iranis Sida provinciaSi _ fereidanSi gadasaxlebuli qarTvelebis

gadmocemiT: `rodesac avRanelebi irans Tavs daesxnen da fereidans

miadgnen, umweo mdgomareobaSi myof mosaxleobas mfarvelad moevlina

uzarmazar qvis lodidan gadmosuli TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli

xmalSemarTuli kaci, romlis wyalobiT fereidneli qarTvelebi

damarcxebas gadaurCnen. gadmocemiT, omis damTavrebis Semdeg mxedari

isev lodSi gauCinarebula. aRniSnul lods dResac mosaxleoba `Tamzis

cxens~ eZaxis da masTan axlos sanTlebs anTebs. am gadmocemiT

dasturdeba is faqti, rom XVII saukuneSi saqarTvelodan fereidanSi

gadasaxlebulma gamuslumanebulma qarTvelebma mainc Semoinaxes wm.

giorgisadmi Tayvaniscema (bubulaSvili 2009: 94 _ ixileT danarTi #20).

analogiuri Sinaarsis Tqmulebas vxdebiT profesor S. futkaraZis

mier Caweril folklorul masalebSi, kerZod, sofel forTas

mcxovreblebis gadmocemiT, wm. giorgi kldeSi cxovrobs da gaWirvebis

Jams gamodis da adamianebs exmareba. mkvlevari aseve SeniSnavs, aqaurebis

xsovnaSi dResacaa wm. gioorgis saswaulebis elementebi, romelsac

Taviseburi axsna moeZebneba, kerZod _ `wminda salocavis qvemoT, mTis

22

kalTaze cnobili taZaria, romelic vaxtang gorgaslis mefobisas V

saukuneSia agebuli. igi dRes nangrevebis saxiTaa warmodgenili _

miwisZvras Cauqcevia. `Cveneburebis~ gadmocemiT, M`eklesiis axlos

arsebul kldeebSi urCxulebi, gveleSapebi imalebodnen da adamianebs

xSirad Tavs esxmodnen. erT-erTi TqmulebiT, erT gogos opizaSi,

sacalfexo bilikiT saWmeli tabliT mihqonda, tabla Tavze hqonia

Sedgmuli. uceb kldis napralidan gamosula urCxuli, mis danaxvaze

gogona wmindans Sevedrebia, qvad gadamaqcieo, wm. giorgis is marTlac

qvad uqcevia~. mTqmeli amtkicebda. aseTi qandakeba dResac dgas im

adgilaso. RvTis rCeuli urCxulebs hklavda da xalxs amiT exmareboda,

amitom Searqves mas wm. giorgio, mas TeTri mfrinavi raSi hyolia da

sadac xalxs gauWirdeboda, iq gadafrindeboda. wm. Ggiorgis

gardacvalebis Semdeg raSi caSi gafrenila, wmindani ki aqaa

dasaflavebulio (futkaraZe xelnaweris uflebiT. 28. 08. 2012) mkvlevris

azriT, aRniSnul TqmulebaSi Cans wm. giorgis yovlisSemZleoba, romelic

muhajirTa cnobierebaSi dResacaa SemorCenili (ixileT danarTi #21; 22;

23).

`RvTaeba–wmindanTa funqciebis Sekveca-gafarToeba, maTi

urTierTSenacvleba Tu Serwyma religiur sistemebsa da miTologiaSi

farTod dasturdeba (Tandilava 1988: 54). e. TayaiSvilis azriT,

`religiur ideologiur gardaqmnis periodSi Zveli sarwmunoeba axals

ereva, Zveli RmerTebis funqciebi axal RmerTebze an wmindanebze

gadmodis, magram Zveli moZRvreba da warmodgena arsebiTad ucvleli

rCeba (saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis k. kekeliZis sax.

xelnawerTa instituti, eqvTime TayaiSvilis arqivi, #757, gv. 1).

sxvadasxva religiuri nakadis kontaminaciis SesaniSnavi magaliTia

toponimuri gadmocemebi e. w. `ziareTobis~ (`wminda adgilebis~)

monaxulebis Sesaxeb. Turquli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT

Ziyaretgan_salocavebi, salocavi adgili (Turqul-qarTuli leqsikoni 2001:

1530).

TurqeTis saqarTveloSi tradiciebze ara erT mkvlevars (n. mars, e.

TayaiSvils, m. beriZes, r. gujejianinsa da sxva) gaumaxvilebia yuradReba.

m. beriZisa da r. gujejianis dakvirvebiT, `tradiciuli qarTuli

23

mentalobis umTavresi elementebi, maT Soris qristianuli motivebic,

xSirad SeniRbuli, magram mainc Semonaxuli da Tundac gaucnobierebel

doneze arsebuli, aRwerilia XIX saukunis II naxevrisa da XX saukunis

dasawyisis mkvlevar-mogzaurTa naSromebSi tradiciul qarTul

kulturasTanaa dakavSirebuli. yofaSi fiqsirebulia `ziareTobis~

tradiciac (beriZe, gujejianini 2010: 176).

`ziareTobis~ tradiciasa da misi saxelis etimologias exeba niko

mari: `TeTraqedelebi//TeTrakeTelebi, cxadia, muslimebi, miyvebodnen, Tu

rogor dadiodnen salocavad (ziareTi) qristianul eklesiaSi, romelic

axla nangrevebadaa qceuli: ziareTSi wavalT, mums gavakeTebT,

gavadnobT, Zafs CavyobT da ameviRebT, waviRebT, ziareTaT fortas

wavalT da meris, aWaras. forTis zemoT aris Cveni `ziareTi”, erT saaTs

gouwevs. ziareTze martod moSenebuli saxli ari qvidan, yulai

moSenebuli, yulandeli, maSindeli. ziareTSi dawvebian. sizmarSi naxven.

etyvis sizmarSi, es dakalii, Áa fuli aCuqeo, Sin dakalio, Áa aq

dakalio, racxasac rom etyvis, daklavs. yoCi (mamali cxvari), cxvar

etyvis, xar, zroxas etyvis. QqaTami gagvigonia, sxva Citi ar gagvigonia

(mari: 1911: 79 _ ixileT danarTi #24).

TurqeTSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma, niko mars `ziareTSi~ siarulis

mizezic auxsnes: `ziareTSi midian forTas, Wkua romen dakarguli eqneba,

Svili ar eyolis, kari ara aq, Seva Sig kaci Áa qali, perangs Caicvams

marto, oqro vercxli ar iqneba. marto perangi da nifxavi (fiStoni), rom

aanTebs. sam, Svid. xuT, cxras. Cemi derdi racxa ario. vnaxo sizmario.

Dda dawveba. Tu ar naxa sizmari, ar mouxda. Tu naxa, Tvals daabaniebs

sizmarSi (moutons racxas, ise eCveneba) asvams da etyvis yurbanio (qarT.

yurbandio) sanTlebs qvaze akraven. Mmlocvelebi iq rCebian 1-3 dRe,

Soridan mosulebi ufro xangZlivi droiTac. saziareTod miemarTebian

maissa da ivnisSi, midian fexiT (iqve: 80 _ ixileT danarTi #25).

mkvlevari eq. TayaiSvili dainteresebula am masalebiT, igi amave

dros imowmebs n. maris naSroms ,,samuslimano saqarTveloSi Cveulebadaa

ziareTSi wasvla. es udris Cvenebur xatobas. ziareTi samlocvelo

adgils qvia da iseTi adgilebia, sadac Zveli eklesiebis nangrevebia, an

yofili sajvarea. aq modian sxvadasxva adgilebidan, nametnavad qalebi;

24

moaqvT Camoqnili Taflis sanTlebi, aanTeben sanTlebs da loculoben.

Aaq rCebian erT-or Rames; Tu Soridan mosuli arian, ufro metsac. da

amaT unda daesizmron Rame, Tu ra cxoveli daklan samsxverplod,

cxvari, Txa, xbo, Zroxa Tu xari, da rac daesizmrebaT, imas daklaven

xolme. aseT Cveulebas asruleben portas (Zveli Satberdis) monastris

nangrevebSi da bevr sxva adgilas. molebi uSlian, rasakvirvelia, aseT

qcevas xalxs, magram verafers xdebian. aseTi ziareTi aqvT xaxulis

mcxovrebTac, maTi xevis saTaveSi, mTaze, sadac eklesiebis nangrevebia

daculi~ (TayaiSvili 1991: 220 _ ixileT danarTi #26).

Tavad niko maric Seswrebia am faqts, salocavad mimavalTa

procesias iqve, imerxevis sofel ifrxevlSi. `saziareTod~ mimaval

mlocvelTa jgufi sakmaod didi yofila. Aadgilobrivma mcxovrebma

mosiZem mkvlevars auxsna, rom es qalebi da maTi qmrebi 3 dRes

darCebodnen mTaSi salocavad, xojebi Zalian ebrZvian am Cveulebas da

amboben, rom mTebSi araviTari `ziareTi~ ar ariso, magram mosaxleoba

ewinaaRndegeba molebs, ar ujerebs maT da agrZelebs Tavisi Zveli wes-

Cveulebis Sesrulebas (mari: 1911: 45).

sainteresoa, XXI saukunis masalebi, romelebic mkvlevar malxaz

CoxaraZes Cauweria da warmodgenili aqvs naSromSi: `klarjeTis

`aTormet savaneTa mxare” da wminda giorgis eklesia” _ avtori exeba wm.

giorgis saxelobis e. w. `Zeglis” anu `nukas saydaris” toponimTan

dakavSirebul gadmocemas: `Zegli forTas Tavzea. SavSeTis

gzatkecilidan firnarlis gzaze Tu auxvev, asaxvevidan Zeglamde 22

kilometria. zemo forTasTan misvlamde marjvniv unda miuyve da axvide

forTis iailamde. Mmas `ziareTi iailas” uwodeben, rac mosalodnelicaa,

imitom Zegli ziareTia da igi iailidan naxevar kilometrze mdebareobs.

es adgili administraciulad forTas ekuTvnis, Tumca ufro opizis

mxaresaa.

TurqeTis teritoriis am nawilSi jer kidev ucnobi eklesiis

nangrevebia, eklesiis win ori saflavia, iqaurebis gadmocemiT, Seidebis,

anu wmindanebisa. saflavebi ganaxlebuli da movlilia. Eeklesiisa da

saflavebis gverdiT augiaT e. w. dasaZinebeli, fardagiT dafaruli

ficruli sawoli, romelic SemoRobilia da gadaxuruli. Seidebis

25

Sesaxeb legendebsac yvebian: uxsovar droSi aq xezreTi ali mosula. Mmas

berTis mxridan gadmouvlia da Tan ori wminda kaci (Seidi) xlebia.

mxleblebi `Zeglad” wodebul adgilas, gamoqvabulSi dautovebia, Tavad

sadRac wasula da roca dabrunebula, orive daxocili, dakluli

daxvedria da iqve dausaflavebia (ixileT danarTi #27).

Ees Tqmulebebi mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom muslimanTa gmiris_

xezreTi alis gverdiT, mTqmeli qarTvelTa mefes_Tamars moixseniebs,

sadac Tamaris saxe TiTqosda meorexarisxovania, magram, Tu Turquli

poziciidan vimsjelebT, es bunebrivicaa. informatori aseve xazs usvams

Tamaris, rogorc morwmunis pozicias religiur mrwamsTan dakavSirebiT.

`uxsovar droSi aq xezreTi ali mosula, aq erTi Tamarai yofila,

TamarasTvis uTqvams, gamuslimandio. Aan sakuTari surviliT unda

gamuslimande, an sisxls davRvri, Tavebs davaWri yvelas da ase

gavamuslimanebo. Tamaras uTqvams _ sad medina da sad forTao, SuaSi

eqvsi Tvis gzaa. es rom gaigona, xezreTi ali Sejda frTosan raSze,

gaiqrola da Tamaras hkiTxa: Seni sarwmunoeba ufro WeSmaritia, Tu

Cemio. Tamaram uTxra _ Cemio. ratom Senio? _ aq salocavia, iq RmerTis

saxlio, _ Taviseburad auxsna Tamaram da Tan dasZina, _ Tu Seni

sarwmunoebaa marTali, mTebSi rom gveleSapia, is mokalio. am gveleSaps,

Turme, yoveldRe erTi kaci mihyavda artanujis tyeSi da Wamda. xezreTi

ali avida mTaSi (mTxrobeli Zeglis mimarTulebas miuTiTebs) da dauZaxa

gveleSaps. is kidev gamoxta da gaiqca arTvinis mimarTulebiT. xezreTi

alim qva esrola da ver daawia. Mmere aiRo da xmali esrola. mTa Suaze

gadaixsna, xmals gza utia. xmali gveleSaps CaerWo da mohkla. xezreTi

alim gamarjvebis yiJina dasca. Tamaram dua (locva) warmoTqva. Tamaram

icoda, rom xezreTi ali unda mosuliyo da miuval kldeze Tavisi

oqrosa da simdidris dasamalad aaSena nuka qilisa. iqedan aris

darCenili saxelwodeba `nuka-saydar” anu `nuqi-saxli”. nuqi-oqros

niSnavs, patara oqros, `saxla” igivea rac `damale”`Seinaxe” (CoxaraZe

2012: 4)_ ixileT danarTi #28).

aWaraSi dResacaa SemorCenili analogiuri wminda adgilebi,

romelTa mniSvnelobasa da daniSnulebas, cvlilebebis miuxedavad, drom

veraferi daaklo da arqaul plastebs Sefarebuli isev mniSvnelovania

26

xalxTa nawilisTvis. es adgilebi `ziareTis” saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.

magaliTad, pirveli maisis sakrebuloSi (qeda) dasturdeba toponimi

`ziareTi”. adgilobrivTa TqmiT, am adgilas evliebis (wmindanebis)

saflavia. Turqobis dros iq adiodnen da ziarobdnen, roca rame

gauWirdebodaT: ìq misuli xalxi saflavze iZinebs da naxulobs

sizmars. saflavi imasac gicxadebs, gexmareba Tu ara. Tu dagexmareba,

isev saflavze gaiRviZeb, Tu ar SegiZlia daxmareba, saflavi gverdze

mogisvris, magram Sen ver igrZnob, ise gageRviZeba sxva adgilas” (mTqm. T.

surmaniZe); (CoxaraZe 2012: 4).

zemo moyvanil Tqmulebebs mkvlevari m. CoxaraZe, iseve rogorc e.

TayaiSvili akavSirebs, rogorc samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos_aseve

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos uZveles tradiciebTan: àRmosavleT

saqarTvelos mTianeTSi arsebuli tradiciis zogierTi motivi _

salocavSi wasvla, avadmyofis miyvana salocavze, valdebulebis

dakisreba-dakanoneba (Zeglis dadeba), msxverplis Sewirva, Woroxis auzSi

cnobil ziareTobasTan dakavSirebiTac TvalsaCinoa. niSandoblivia, rom

orivegan figurirebs ,,Zegli” erTgan rogorc garkveuli ritualis,

wesis, valdebulebebis aRmniSvneli termini, meoregan _ rogorc toponimi

_saxelwodeba adgilisa, romelic klarjeTSi asocirdeba zemoT

aRwerilis ara identur, magram ase Tu ise msgavss ritualTan:

`ziareTSi viarebodiT, daviTeTSi (svirevanis mehela), dRvabieTSi.

nislaTaa iq axlos, iqac iyo ziareTi. forTaSic... fexiT wevdoden,

evdoden iqa, sizmar naxavden. racxas Ceifiqrebda (Sepirdeboda), imaze

naxavda sizmars; àgze, zeiT, moyoriliviT iqneba mezeri (saflavi) imgvar

adgilze, RarWs Tu rameis eSinia, an Tu ver gaTxovda baxala, rame Tu

Wirs, ziareTSi wevlen, dawvebian. Tu imaze deiZinebs da Ceifiqrebs,

uusruldeba, Tu ver deiZinebs da Ceifiqrebs, uusruldeba, Tu ver

deiZinebs, ar uusruldeba; ustamis gedeiar, mohobnur iailas etyvian,

Taa, igze erTi adgili iyo, yore iyo, mezeri. igze wvebodnen. erTi

ziareTic forTas yofila. iq daha kaiao, ityvian” (CoxaraZe 2012:

6)_ixileT danarTi # 29).

qvaTa da `ziareTis~ adgilebi tabuirebulia. aWaraSi Cawerili

masalis mixedviT, erTma kacma gadawyvita wminda adgilidan ,,feiRambris

27

qva”//,,feiRambris fexi” wminda qva, im adgilidan mis saxlTan Camoetana

da daecva, AraTa xalxisTvisac gaeadvilebia misvla da locva. Aam kacma

es qva marTlac Camoitana xarebiT sofel almis iailaSi. wminda qva

Tavis ezoSi dado da SemoRoba kidec. im Ramis Semdeg mTeli zafxuli

iseTi wvimebi yofila, gegoneboda, warRvnao (duniis daqcevao). wvimas

saxlis irgvliv didi Rarebi gaukeTebia. xalxs uTqvams _ `wminda qvam~

ar miiRo axali adgili, misi adgili maRal mTazeao. sanam ubedureba

moxdeba, ukan aitaneo. im Rames kacs sizmarSi viRac gamocxadebia da

uTqvams: `es qva eitane da iq dade Tu ara, mogspobTo. meore dRes im kacs

imave xarebiT is lodi ukan autania da mis adgilas daudvia (mTq. x.

Mjayeli _ melaZe, 80 w, dab. da mcx. sofel almeSi. 2002. Ppiradi arqivi _

ixileT danarTi #30).

toponimi `ziareTi~ arc samcxe-javaxeTisaTvis aris ucxo. Maq

ziareTi aris mTa eruSeTSi (beriZe 1992: 13). dRevandeli aspinZis raionSi

eruSeTis ferdobze aris nasoflari `dadeSi da erkota~. isini XX

saukunis pirvel naxevarSi sicocxliT savse soflebi iyo. maT hqondaT

saerTo mTa ziareTi, romelsac `unagirasac~ eZaxian. iq, mTis wverze,

idga amaRlebis eklesia, sadac ziareTobas anu amaRlebas adiodnen, ara

mxolod qristianebi, aramed muslimanebic, romlebic cxovrobdnen

varneTSi. es sofeli dRes nasoflaria. muslimanTa ziareToba

gamoixateboda sanTlebis danTebiT da pur-marilSi monawileobiT.

qristianebi ki amaRlebis dResaswauls zeimobdnen. iqve axlos iyo meore

ziareTic, isic mTa oRond nasoflar rokeTisa. Aaq rokeTelebTan erTad

amodiodnena: awyvitelebi da quncelebi. Aam mTas eZaxdnen `ziareTsac da

,,amaRlebasac~. mtkvris marjvena sanapiros soflebi saro da xizabavra am

adgils amaRlebas da sakvirikes uwodebdnen. didi ziareTia miTiTebuli

imave aspinZis raionSi erT-erTi mwvervalis saxelad Zvel rusul rukaze.

toponimi `ziareTi~ gvaqvs samcxeTSic~ (beriZe, gujejiani 2010: 179).

dRevandeli masaliT toponimi ziareTi da masTan dakavSirebuli

tradiciuli Cveulebebi kvlav Semonaxulia tao-klarjeTis qarTul

soflebSi, aseve dRevandel saqarTvelos zogierT mxareSi. mTavari

maxasiaTebeli ziareTad miCneuli adgilisa, aris iqve naeklesiarisa da

28

qristianuli sasaflaos arseboba~ (beriZe 2010: 179). `ziareTebi~

dafiqsirebulia aWaraSic (ixileT danarTi #31; 32).

rogorc davinaxeT, samcxeSi wminda adgilma ormagi funqcia SeiZina.

analogiuri viTarebaa aRmosavleTi saqarTvelos mTaSic, sadac wminda

adgilis Tayvaniscemis warmarTuli tradicia qristianuli niSniT aris

aRbeWdili. magaliTad, fSavis erT-erT saymos _ qistaurTa mfarveli

RvTisSvilia iaxsari (romelic osurad `Zliers~ niSnavs). igi

Tavdapirvelad, xorcieli yofila, wminda beri, RvTis mlocveli da

RvTisagan Zalamicemuli devebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. roSkaSi

dResac gaCveneben kldes, romelic devebTan brZolisas laxtiT gaapo

iaxsarma. iaxsarma adamianebi devebisgan daicva. isini srulad

amoJlitao... ~ (miTologiuri enciklopedia 2004: 42 - ixileT danarTi #33

fSavSi es adgili dResac wminda adgilad miiCneva, xolo iaxsari

kopalasTan erTad RvTisSvilebad moixseniebian. maT saxelze `xatis

sasanTle~ aqvT agebuli.

am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania r. erisTavis cnoba, romelic

warsuli saukunis Sua xanebSi leCxumis mazris aRwerisas Cauweria.

mkvlevari iuwyeba, rom `sofel alpanas ician giorgoba. viTar igi 23

aprils saswaulmoqmedis wmindis giorgis dResaswauli. Aam soflebs

asxia mTeli xalxni…alpanis soflisa, xorcsac Wamen. xolo aWaris

mxolod pur-Rvino-lobios Seeqcevian `ura, mravalJamieriT~. ician

agreTve wirva, marxva da galoba, Tayvans scemen jvars nasaydarSi,

mRerian `nadurs~ da sxva (erisTavi 1986: 29 _ ixileT danarTi #34).

msgavs suraTs vawydebiT TurqeTSi_xaxulSi. g. TurmaniZes

`Cveneburebisgan~ Cauweria xaxulis eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli Tqmuleba,

romelic `xaxuliswyalze~ taZarTan axlos momxdar ambavs gadmogvcems:

`am adgilas, erT diasaxliss saojaxo WurWeli gamoetana da recxavda.

daRlili welSi aimarTa da taZars Sexeda. RvTis ZaliT dainaxa, rom

taZari loculobda, welSi ixreboda da imarTeboda. Ggaifiqra, albaT,

saWiroa kvlav gavaRoT taZris karebi da locva aRvasruloTo. dae,

Tundac es iyos muslimanuri locva, RmerTi RmerTiao. mere soflelebic

darwmundnen RvTis nebaSi, rom ufals surda SeeRoT taZris karebi da

elocaT. Aaqedan moyolebuli oTx saukuneze metia TavianT sulebs am

29

taZarSi avedrebdnen ufals… dResac taZris mcveli, xoja, aq loculobs.

man Tqva: vifiqre, aq mets aRar viloceb-meTqi. Amis mere sizmari vnaxe.

…davifice, sanam cocxali var, taZars ar mivatovebo~ (TurmaniZe 1999: 5 -


mTaze asvla da pativis migeba am kuTxeSi sxvadasxva formiT

gamoixateboda. didaWaraSi didxans moqmedebda eklesia. aq dRemde

Semonaxulia toponimebi da adgilebi, sadac mosaxleoba eklesiis

arsebobas varaudobs. `Cveni saukunis 50-ian wlebamde didaWaraSi SavaZeTa

sagvareuloSi (bude-naTesaobis saxelwodeba fiTnanTi) gamoTxovili

xandazmuli qalebi mamakacebisagan malulad, mistikur garemoSi,

sakralur adgils estumrebodnen. ikribebodnen soflis ganapira

amaRlebul borcvze, e. w. `nakafis serze~ mdebare naeklesiaris

midamoebSi da dabal xmaze galobdnen (mTxrobelTa ganmartebiT

galobdnen). am adgils `Tarangelozis yeli~ (mTavarangelozis yeli)

ewodeba~ (mgelaZe, faRava 1999: 139). es morwmuneebi, ra Tqma unda, ZirZvel

qristianul tradiciebs emsaxurebodnen anu, rogorc Tavad ambobeben

`winapriseul adaTebs~. isini amas zogjer gaazrebulad, xSir SemTxvevaSi

wes-Cveulebebidan gamomdinare asrulebdnen. …

analogiuri xasiaTis wes-Cveulebas aWaris sxva soflebSic vxvdebiT.

ziareTebSi sruldeboda ara marto warmarTuli, aramed wminda

qristianuli RvTismsaxureba. `gomanis qvasTan~ axlos fiqsirdeba

mravali qristianuli toponimi: `wmindi seri~, `sajvarebo~, `saydari~,

`nawirvali~, aq, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, wminda berebi cxovrobdnen da

moRvaweobdnen. mTqmelebi dResac giCveneben `wminda mamebis nasiarulev

bilikebs, romlebic ar tyevdeba da im bilikze balaxic ki ar amodis,

vinaidan aq wminda berebi moRvaweobdnen da dadiodneno~ (mTq. Salva

gogitiZe). `nasaydralze~ dResac mravlada Tlili qvis naSTebi. es

yvelaferi erTxel kidev miuTiTebs, rom am mxareSi, marTlac yofila

samonastro kompleqsi.

Tqmulebis meore versiis mixedviT, `es qva, klde wmindaa, mas rasac

sTxov, Segisrulebso, oRondac adgilze unda mixvide, kenWebi aiRo,

wmindanis nafexurebSi Caawyo da ukan mouxedavad datovo iqauroba~.

mTqmels ver gaurkvevia, ar axsovs, romeli wmindania, romeli religiis

30

aRmsarebeli. mTqmeli gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebs cxenze

amxedrebul pirze, romelic gamoirCeoda siZlieriT, is mters mihyveboda

da amarcxebda kidec, xelSi xmali eWira (erTni laxtsac moiazreben) da

irgvliv yvelani daamarcxa da kldec Suaze gaapo da zed gadaiarao. mis

mere es adgili wmindaa da aq mosuli rasac sTxovs, `gamCeneli~

Seusrulebs. rituals Tan axlavs tabu _ kenWebis Cawyobis mere

ukanmouxedavad unda gaagrZelo gza, Tu ginda survili Segisruldeso

(mTq, nanuli gogitiZe, naTela miqelaZe). amitomac Tvlian, rom es klde

saswaulebrivi ZaliT gamoirCeva. maT sjeraT cxenze amxedrebuli

raindis yovlisSemZleoba... (miqelaZe naile, `qvakacebis~ Tavdapirveli

funqcia da genezisi aWarul folklorSi~, literaturuli Jurnali,

`Woroxi~, #4 - ixileT danarTi #36; 37).

mTaze (kldeze) asulebs, dResac dagxvdebaT Cveulebrivi cxenis

fexis zomaze didi nakvalevi, romelic patar-patara kenWebiT aris

amovsebuli. iqaurebi am rituals dResac asruleben da sjeraT, rom es

klde (cxenis nafexurebSi Cawyobili kenWebi) maT survils asrulebs.

analogiuri masalebi Cawerilia saqarTvelos sxva kuTxebSic. isini

erTmaneTisgan cotaTi gansxvavdeba, rac Cveulebrivi movlenaa xalxuri

sityvierebaSi. ACveni azriT, aWarul TqmulebaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani

cxenze amxedrebuli raindis _ `mxedarmTavris~ saswaulebrivi Zala da

SemZleobaa. mTqmelebi mas ufalTanac ki aigiveben, midian qvasTan,

loculoben da survilis Sesrulebas sTxoven~ _ vin gamojamTelebas, vin

xvavs, vin baraqas da a. S. (mTqmelebi: nanuli gogitiZe, dab da mcx. sof

qiZiniZeebSi, 57 w. miqelaZe naTela, Ddabadebuli sofel neniaSi da mcx

sof qiZiniZeebSi, 55 w. Caviwere 2010 w. piradi arqivi. ixileT danarTi

#38).

TurqeTSi, sofel zemo forTaSi, (zemo xanZTa) profesor SuSana

futkaraZis mier Caweril TqmulebebaSi vxvdebiT wminda giorgis kultis

naSTebs: `forTaSi, karCxlis mTebis gadmoRma, aris `serTi ziareTi~ _

adgili `wminda adgili~. im midamoebSi, aseve yofila eklesiis nangrevi.

rac Seexeba `wminda adgils~ _ esaa bazilikuri tipis patara oTxkuTxedi

Senoba. Mis ezoSi 2,20-metriani saflavia. maTi gadmocemiT, es saflavi

wminda giorgisaa, romelic am mxareSi saswaulebiT gamoirCeoda.

31

`Cveneburebi~Aam adgilze gasakurneblad, survilebis Sesasruleblad

qvemo soflebidan amodiodnen. Mmosulebi, sanam `wmindanis sasaflaoze~

daiZineben, manamade aucilebelia TeTri perangiT Seimoson, yovelgvari

samkaulebisa da nivTebis gareSe. Aamis Semdeg saflavze dawvebian da

iZineben _ invalidebi, avadmyofebi, davrdomilebi, uSvilo dedakacebi.

sasaflaoze daZinebulebs ki, maTi rwmeniT, sizmarSi viRac TeTrwvera

moxuci ecxadeba da urCevs Tu rogor ganikurnon~ (futkaraZe 2012:

xelnawerTa uflebiT. piradi arqivi).

qvas, Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, zebunebrivi Zala aqvs, masTan qali an kaci,

Tu guliT Seevedreba da zed qvaze daiZinebs, Svili miecemao.

analogiuria forTas wminda giorgis saflavis qvac, sadac morwmune

TeTri Caucmeli perangiT unda dawves da daiZinos, magram aq mas

sizmarSi moxuci gamoecxadeba da aswavlis Tu ra unda ewamloso.

aWaruli gadmocemis sagani, wminda qva _ `feiRambris fexi~ axalgazrdebs

momavali sabedos saxelis gagebaSic exmareba `aq daZinebulebs gamCeneli

sizmarSi daasizmrebs, vin aris misi sabedoo~.

A aWaris maRalmTianeTSi dResacaa SemorCenili `wminda adgilis” miTi,

sadac morwmuneebSi, `ziareTi” adgilebis msgavsad, es adgilic wmindanis

sasaflaod aRiqmeba, magram aq rituali mkurnalobasTan ki ara, sikeTis

qmedebasTan asocirdeba. `Seidis tba”//,,Seidis sasaflao” mxolod

locvasTanaa dakavSirebuli (mTqmelebi: asie kilaZe, dabad. Dda mcx.

sofel zemoxevSi. 75 w. Caviwere 2005 w. v. vaSaymaZe dabadebuli da

mcxovrebi sofel WalaSi, 70 w. Caviwere 2004 w. piradi arqivi). (ixileT

danarTi #39(a); (b);).

mkvlevari r. malaymaZe wignSi `liganis xeoba~, sxva masalebTan

erTad, `wminda adgilebis~ monaxulebis tradiciasac exeba, wm. giorgis

saflavis~ nacvlad `wminda adgilad am SemTxvevaSi `gogo mezeris~ –

saxiT gvxdeba, kerZod: `sayuradReboa, memxlianobis periodSi wminda

adgilebis monaxulebac, rasac Tan sdevda gankurnebisa da Svilierebis

vedreba. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, uSvilo qalebis svla devesqelis

mTis saZovrebidan `gogo mezeris~, anu wmindanis saflavis

mosanaxuleblad. Aaq myofi qalebi ramdenime saaTiT iZinebdnen da

sizmris avkargianobis mixedviT msjelobdnen momavalze. adgilobrivi

32

mosaxleoba `gogo mezers~ Svilierebis funqcias miawers (malaymaZe 2008:

143 _ ixileT danarTi #40).

rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli warmarTuli panTeoni metwilad

mTasTanaa dakavSirebuli. mTebi iyo warmarTuli panTeonis sauflo.

gavixsenoT, berZnul RvTaebaTa samyofelilic xom olimpos mTaa.

saqarTveloSi fSavis xevis mTavar salocavs swored `laSaris jvari

warmoadgens. `andrezis Tanaxmad, laSa-giorgis dauarsebia Tavisi

mosaxelis, wminda giorgis saxelze. Aaq xmelgorze oqros jvari

Seuwiravs da am jvarze aRmocenebula salocavi. vaxuSti batoniSvili

laSas_jvris saxeliT moixseniebs fSavisxevis mTavar salocavs. laSaris

jvris warsul didebas gvauwyebs es leqsi:

`brZanebda laSaris jvari: cas vebi oqros SibiTa,

xmelgorze medga bermuxa, zed avdiodi kibiTa,

Cem saymoT SemonaZRveni, RmerTTan amqonda iqiTa”.

am leqsis meore varianticaa, sadac pirdapir miuTiTebs Suamavlis

saxels:

`beri giorgi mec viyav, cas vebi oqros SibiTa,

xmelgorze medga bermuxa, zed avdiodi kibiTa,

Cem saymoT SemonaZRveni, RmerTTan amqonda iqiTa”.

(miTologiuri enciklopedia ymawvilTaTvis 2004: 53-55).

fSavelTa rwmeniT, wminda adgilad, swored `xmel gori iTvleboda.

dRes ki es is wminda adgilebi, sadac Cven winaparT wminda salocavebi

daumkvidrebiaT _ mkvlevari z. kiknaZe SeniSnavs: `eklesia_monastrebi

unda agebuliyo gansakuTrebiT wminda adgilze. aseT adgils kvrivs

uwodeben (kiknaZe 1985: 27 - ixileT danarTi #41; 42; 43)

qarTuli da ucxouri folkloris mixedviT _ `miTologiaSi mTa

zecisa da miwis SemaerTebeli kibea, miwierebis zecasTan kavSiris

gamomxatvelia. cisa da miwis kavSiri mkafiod iyo ganxorcielebuli

Sumeruli taZrebis SenobebSi, e. w. ziquraTebSi (kiknaZe 1976: 119-122). es

motivi Zvel aRTqmaSi gvaqvs (Sesaq. 28, 12-13). igi qristianizebuli saxiT

sxva adgilasac SeiniSneba `ninos cxovrebaSi~. wm nino ixsenebs mis

javaxeTSi Semosvlisas ucnaur xilvis ambavs: `daidva lodi sasTunal,

dawva da daiZina gardasadinelsa mis tbisasa. viTar eZina movida kaci

33

erTi CuenebiT... da mosca man wigni dabeWduli~... (qarTlis cxovreba 1955:

86). Aswored am monakveTSic mTasa da lodTanaa kavSiri.

analogiur gmirad da xalxis qomagad gvevlineba fSavis erT-erT

saymos_qistaurTa mfarveli RvTisSvili kopala. `kopala _ igive wm.

giorgi, am zedwodebiT, romelic mis sakuTar saxelad iqca, fSavis

(uZilaurTis) da xevsureTis (liqokis) saymoTa patroni da salocavia.

kopala yofila xorcieli, xorcielis Svili. erTxel, roca Sin aravin

hyavda, patar kopala devebs gautacniaT da maTTan tyved hyoliaT. maTgan

gamoparuli kopala wm. berebTan misula. Kkopalas ufiqria: `viloceb da

dambadebels Zalas vTxov. Bberebs kargad miuRiaT, RvTis SewevniT ki

kopalas devebi daumarcxebia (miTologiuri enciklopedia 2004: 49-50).

warmarTul panTeonSi iaxsaric da kopalac RvTisgan Zalamicemuli,

sabrZolvelad devebis winaarmdeg gamodian da amarcxeben. TiTqmis yvela

TqmulebaSi devebi, xalxis amawiokebeli gamanadgurebeli mteria.

fSav-xevsureTSi Cawerili masalebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, orive

Tqmulebis fabula erTi da igivea. Oorive mxareSi xalxi maT _

`RvTisSvilebad, mociqulad an, kidev, ufalTan aigiveben. maT sjeraT

maTi wmindanebis yovlisSemZleoba.

TqmulebaSi `kopala da cxraTaviani devis dedaberi~, gadmocemulia:

`kopalam devTa mTavari falavnebi musa da avTandili rom daxoca, xolo

xaSreli beRela iaxsarma mokla, kopala axla am devebis ojaxebis

amosawyvetad gaeSura. goris boloSi rom mivida, dainaxa, rom erTi

cxraTaviani devis dedaberi jaras uzis da raRac mklavis sisxo narTsa

zaxs. Ddevis dedaberma kopala rom dainaxa, TvalSi epatarava, gaixara da

jaraze daamRera: `Cemi Svilis vaxSamic modiso~. kopalam aimaRla

sagmiro laxti, dahkra bebers da iqve mokla. Mmere avida migriaulT

goris boloSi. Aaq devebs qorwili hqondaT da kopalac stumrulad

movida, undoda gaego, sad rogor iyvnen da ra gziT SeiZlebnoda maTi

amowyveta, rom aRaravin gadarCenoda. devebma kopala ro dainaxes,

erTimeores uTxres: `oh, ra kargia, rom nefe-dedafalTan sufraze

mosatani saklavi Tavisi fexiT mogvividao~. Ddevebs kopala ubralo

xorcieli egonaT da maSin isini xorcielT Wamdnen, sadac vis

waawydebodnen. Kkopalam SeurCia dro, roca erTad moquCdnen, aimaRla

34

sagmiro da yvelani amowyvita (xevsuris sityviT: amobrastna). erT devi

TvalwamoTxrili gaiqca da abudelauris tbaSi Cavida. Mmas iaxsari Cahyva

tbaSi da mokla (kiknaZe 2008: 97-98). A

aWaruli Tqmuleba `feiRambris fexis~ analogiuri Sinaarsis

gadmocemaa fSavSi Semonaxuli, romel adgilsac `kopalas Qqvas~-eZaxian.

`RvTis Svils kopalas qvis skami hqonia, romlis motaceba devebs _

avTandilsa da musas gadauwyvetiaT. Mmusas skami Seukria sabeliT,

zurgze moukidia da wauRia maSin, roca kopala saxlSi ar yofila.

Ggaugia kopalas da Tavisi laxtiT dadevnebia. Uusrolia laxti da mis

qvasTan mouklia devi. `kopalas qvas~ axlac atyvia, devis naxelari da

nasablari. iqve axlos kldesac etyoba kopalas nalaxtari~

(miTologiuri enciklopedia 2004: 50).

rogorc cnobilia, devebi mtrebisa da uaryofiTi Zalebis

gamoxatulebaa. MmaTi dammarcxebeli ki yovelTvis RvTis rCeulia _

Suamdinarul TqmulebebSi marduqi, qristianulSi _ wminda giorgi.

mkvlevar b. beJaniZis azriT: `borcvis adgili `qarTlis moqcevis

istoriaSi” mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs, borcvi SemaRlebuli adgilia,

igive mTaa, mTa ki viciT, rom antikur qveynebSi RmerTis Tayvaniscemis

adgilad iyo miCneuli, xolo Tayvaniscemis adgils borcvi Searqves”

(beJaniZe 1991: 247).

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis Tanaxmad _`mkvrivi aris

`mWidro da myari, mtkice, magari (qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikoni

1981: 308). Ees sityva samyaros sakralur leqsikonSi niSnavs rogorc

fizikur SeuRwevadobas, aseve zneobriv Seuvalobas.

mkvlevar zurab kiknaZis azriT: `kvrivi aris jvris kvali miwaze.

jvari qmnis kvriv adgils Tavisi daarsebiT, rogorc meteori, romelic

daRs asvams miwas, sadac is daecema (kiknaZe 1985: 28).

jvari avsebs substanciis im adgils, romelsac is saarsod irCevs.

jvarCeniT is akvrivebs adgils da `uxrwns” xdis mas (iqve 1985: 28). da

marTlac, kvrivi aris wminda adgili. adgili kvrivad rom miviCnioT,

amisaTvis saWiroa, mas kvrivis an siwmindis daRi daesvas. Ees SeiZleba

jvaris niSniT iyos gamoxatuli. Aam ZirZvel, kuTxeSi SemorCenil

TqmulebebSi, SesaZloa, ZirZveli mTis//borcvis daniSnulebam saxe

35

icvala da damkvidrda im formiT, rogorcaa warmodgenili arsebul

naSromSi.

zemo aRniSnul Tqmulebebisagan gansxvavebiT, aWaraSi SemorCenil

gadmocemebSi, warmarTul wes-CveulebebTan erTad muslimuri

elementebic gvxdeba, rac arTulebs folkloruli masalebis kvlevas. am

sirTulis miuxedavad, aWarul TqmulebebSi naTlad Cans, qristianuli

sarwmunoebis elementebi. ra Tqma unda, aWaraSi, muslimuri religiis

zegavleniT, osmaluri elementebi nawilobriv Seezarda zogad qarTul

tradiciebs da dRes isini kontaminirebuli Tqmulebebis saxiT gvxdeba.

36

Tavi II. did da mcire warRvnasTan dakavSirebuli

toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi

didi warRvnis legendas msoflios TiTqmis yvela xalxi icnobs. igi

gvxdeba rogorc maRalganviTarebul, ise ganviTarebis dabal safexurze

mdgom tomTa folklorSi (Ciqovani 1946: 280). rogorc cnobilia, amJamad

cnobil versiebs Soris yvelaze uZvelesia Sumeruli (frezeri 1931: 75).

warRvnis legendis Tavisebur versias warmoadgens gilgameSis eposis

meTerTmete firfita, meTerTmete dafa. am eposSi detaluradaa

warmodgenili didi warRvnis ambavi (gilgameSi 1963: 86). babilonuri

versiis mixedviT, noes kidobani araratis mTaze gaCerda. xolo im fiss,

romliTac xomaldi iyo gamagrebuli, somxebi agroveben da samkiTxaod

iyenebeno (frezeri 1931: 81).

mkvlevarTa azriT, warRvnis legendis versiebidan yvelaze ufro

cnobili ebrauli, anu bibliuri versiaa, romelic dawerili unda iyos

Cvens welTaRricxvamde IX an X saukuneSi (frezeri 1931: 75). bibliis

mixedviT, noes kidobani araratis mTaze Cerdeba: `ormoc dRes iyo

warRvna qveyanaze. Aadidda wyali da aswia kidobani, moeqca igi miwis

zemoT... meSvide Tves, Tvis meCvidmete dRes araratis mTebs miadga

kidobani... TandaTan iklebda wyali meaTe Tvemde. meaTe Tvis pirvel dRes

gamoCda mTaTa mwvervalebi. Oormoci dRis Semdeg gaaRo noem sarkmeli,

kidobnisTvis rom hqonda datanebuli~ (biblia 1989: 18).

al. xaxanaSvilis `qarTuli sityvierebis istoriaSi~ dabeWdili

legendis mixedviT, warRvna qalTa amoralurma saqcielma gamoiwvia.

`kaenis STamomavalni friad ganmravldnen, ase rom erTi kaci as qalzed

modioda. Ddedakacebi SeebrZolnen mamakacTaTvis da arTmevdnen qmars

erTmaneTs. roca mamakacTa ricxvi Semcirda, maSin qalebma gamoigones

saSualeba: gaakeTes stviri da Wianuri, saxe ferumariliT moikazmes,

gavidnen mTaze da iq daukres, daamReres. amiT Seacdines mamakacni qvemoT

mlocvelni da mxolod erTma novem daiWira Tavi” (xaxanaSvili 1914: 118).

qarTul gadmocemebSi arsad ar figurirebs somxeTi da misi mTebi.

mkvlevar i. megreliZiseul variantSi kidobani brutsabZelasTan Cerdeba

(megreliZe 1960: 108). fSauri folkloruli masalebis mixedviT _ kopala

myinvarwverTan gaaCerebs xomalds (f. arqivi, k. 165, gv. 243). aWaraSi

37

`gemisambavis~ adgils ramdenime mTaze migviTiTeben: karCxali, argineTis

mTa, xinos mTa, karaseri. `novem kidobani karCxlebze gaaCera. iq

jenjirebi axlacao~, am kldeze didi naxvretia, razec gemebs ambavdneno~.

karCxlebs Soris movakebul adgils `jvari mindori~ hqvia. maT rwmena-

warmodgenebSi, es adgili wmindaa da aq jvari aRumarTavT. amitomac am

adgils `jvari mindori~ hqvia (mTq. a. kilaZe, dabadebuli Suaxevis

raionis sofel cekvaSi da mcx. sofel zemoxevSi, Cav. 2002 w. piradi

arqivi _ ixileT danarTi #44).

Ddidi da mcire warRvnis qarTuli xalxuri legendebi nodar

SamanaZem Seiswavla. mkvlevarma gaanaliza im droisTvis cnobili da mis

xelT arsebuli legendebi da gamohyo Semdegi Tematuri jgufebi: I.

kosmogonuri legendebi (1. samyaros warmoSoba da pirveli adamianis

gaCena, 2. pirveli adamianebis Secodeba da maTi dasja); II. Aapokrifuli

legendebi; III. warRvnis legendebi (1. didi warRvnis legenda, 2. mcire

warRvnis legenda) (SamanaZe 1973).

didi warRvnis aWaruli variantis, kerZod ki warRvnis motivis,

mecnieruli Seswavlis warmatebuli mcdelobaa 2006 wels naila

CelebaZis mier gamoqveynebuli naSromi `warRvnis motivi aWaraSi

folklorul_eTnografiuli monacemebis mixedviT” (CelebaZe 2006: 212-235).

aWaris folklorSi mravad vxdebiT, rogorc didi, aseve mcire

warRvnis legendebsac. erTi maTgani saxelwodebiT `noves gemi”,

mkvlevarma zurab Tandilavam 1974 wels qobuleTis raionis sofel

zeniTSi xusein suleimanis Ze qaTamaZisgan Caiwera (Tandilava 1990: 95-98).

aseve sainteresoa Tqmuleba `ratom deiqca dunia”, romelic 1981 wels

qobuleTis raionis sofel leRvaSi rezo ananiZis Cauweria (mTqm. r.

ananiZe. bskifa saqme #242, 39-42).

toponimuri Tqmuleba karas seris Sesaxeb imiTac aris

RirsSesaniSnavi, rom noes kidobnis gaCerebis adgilad xinos mTis erT-

erT mwvervals miiCnevs, rac, zemoganxiluli Suaxevuri didi warRvnis

legendasTan erTad (romlis Tanaxmadac, noes kidobani gaCerda

argineTis//argneTis mTaze), bibliuri kidobnis navsayudlad saqarTvelos

aRiarebas uWers mxars.

38

didi warRvnis sxva variantis mixedviT, noes kidobani // gemi

muxulis axlos, judis mTaze SeCerebula aSura dRes (g. maxaraSvili gv

120) judis mTaze kidobnis SeCerebis wyaro, usaTuod, yuraniseuli

cnobaa, romlis Tanaxmadac `kidobani al-judas mTaze Sedga (yurani,

11,46).

amdenad, argneTis // argineTis, Tu kara serze noes kidobnis

gaCerebis Sesaxeb aWaraSi gavrcelebuli didi warRvnis legendaTa

variantebSi daculi cnobebi zogadqarTul rwmena–warmodgenaTa kidev

erTi dasturia. Llegendis am variantTa mixedviT, noes kidobnis

SeCerebis adgili wminda, anu kvrivi adgilia.

didi warRvnis am legendis mixedviT, warRvnis dasrulebis Semdeg

noes kidobani SeCerda argineTis mTaze. legenda imasac gvauwyebs rom,

Turme, noes gemis am mTaze auSenebia da bolo dromde iq arsebuli

jaWvic Turme mas miubams: mtredma rom nuSis toti miutana, `noem

gadmovida da gemi miaba mTaze. Bbaboi ityoda: argineTis mTaze, rom

jaWvia, iq miabao novem, megem, gemic am mTaze uuSenebia. Mmere ucurvia

gems, ucurvia da isev aq dabrunebula. xalxSi arsebuli Tqmulebis

Tanaxmad, vinc argneTis // argineTis mTaze ava da iq dabmul jaWvs

naxavs, gamdidrdeba. Ees rwmena ukavSirdeba didi warRvnis legendas,

romlis mixedviTac, `dunia rom meisvara, aq erTi angelozis gemi mosula,

ii gemi mis msaxurebs mTebze doubamT, memre im kacs douwyia locva-

vedreba gamCenelo, mze da siTbovo, Tu ara da, aq rac jeelebi myavs,

esenic dimiwydebao.

gamCenels Seusmenia imis locva-vedreba da wvima guuCerebia, mere

TandaTan duuwyia wyals kleba da sul daweula ZirSi, ii angelozis

saxli mTebze darCenila da xalxi ZirSi Camosula da duuwyia cxovreba.

`angelozs ki (am SemTxvevaSi mTqmels aRarc aRar axsovs saxeli) noes

ulocia, uflisTvis uTxovia, raki, Seni davaleba Sevasrule, wamiyvane

SenTan, caSio. mubareqs muusmenia da savse mTvarebas caSi wauyvania. im

dRidan moyolebuli `yvela duniaze gaCenil kacs iq asvla unda. amboben,

vincxai dilas, mzis sxivis mokidebaze. iq ava da argannis joxs dakravs

im jaWvebs, sul oqros wvima wamua da gaamdidrebs im kacso” (avtoris

pirdi arqividan, mTqmeli jemal qamadaZe, 67 w, mcxovrebi Suaxevis

39

raionis sofel neniaSi, Caiwera bsu filologiis fakultetis III kursis

studentma Teona qamadaZem, 2003; masala mogvawoda Camwerma).

legendis meore nawili mogviTxrobs, rogor aaRwia argineTis mTaze

erTma kacma, romelmac mravali winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, dahkra joxi

jaWvebs da gamdidrda.

argineTis mTis saswaulmoqmedi jaWvis Sesaxeb xalxSi darCenia

leqsic:

argneTis Tas Tu waxval,

gza geqneba didia.

arRans duukrav salamad,

javri nu geqneba didia.

argnis joxs Tu dahkrav jaWvebs,

oqro meqneba Zviria,

Sin rom Semobrundebi,

col-Svili dagixvdeba wvrilia.

aseve sainteresoa: roca noes caSi asvlis dro movida, varsklavebma

simRera daiwyes, cidan ki oqros wvima wamovida da noes kidobani

erTianad dafara. Ddilas, vidre mze amovidoda, amovarda qari da

yvelaferi gaqra, kidobnis jaWvebis garda (maxaraSvili 2008: 113-115) _


aWaris zepirsityvierebaSi didi warRvnis legendebi mravlad

moipoveba. amaTgan etimologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania Tqmuleba

`kara seris“ Sesaxeb. sadac gadmocemulia didi warRvnisa da noes

kidobnis ambavi: `qveyana eqvsjer avsila da davsila, magram saboloo

meSvideao. duniisMmeeqvsed davsebis dros noves gamocxadebia melaiqebi

da uTqmian yvelaferi. Nnoe kidobans // gems `kara serze~ or welwads

aSenebda. zovli didi kidobani uuSenebia mSeneblobis dros erT

dedabers uxvewnia noesTvis, mec wamiyvane da gadamarCine, sanacvlod

erTi Zroxa myavs da imis rZes yvela dRes Sen da Sen ustiebs moutano.

noe dapirebia, magram warRvnis dros dedaberis wayvana daviwyebia. qveyana

rom daqcevla da mere gamodrila, yvelaferi mis adgilze damdgara, noes

unania misi saqcieli da dedaberi muuZebnia. Ddedaberi ki am dros isev

mis qoxSi yofila. noes ukiTxavs _ neni aq axiSeri ar yofilao? Arao,

40

uTqvams nenes. pawai wvima iyo, imdeni, rom Zroxa dasveldao, sxva

araferio. Ddedaberi isev exveweboda noes, ar damtioo. Nnoes gaukvirda,

mara mixvda, rom moxuci gamCenelma misi madlis gamo gadaarCina da

dedabers uTxra, awi, qveyana aRar deiqcevao. am adgils ki `kara seri~

imitom darqmevia, rom Nnoes (feiRambers) gemis kari warRvnis mere

pirvelad aq gauRia (mTq. T. qarcivaZe, dab. sof WalaSi da mcx. sof.

zemoxevSi. 78 w. Ppiradi arqivi, 2004w) - ixileT danarTi #47; 48; 49; 50).

`kara seris~ Sesaxeb legenda 1988 wels Cauweria mkvlevar marina

giorgaZes (mTqmeli 90 wlis Salva maxaraze, bsikfa #242, gv. 95), masSi,

mTqmelis gadmocemiT, `kara kildea. Ees qveyana wyalsa aqvs waRebuli.

paraxodi gaakeTebies, dedal-mamalida Seiyvanes, danarCeni deirCo. Mmemre

xelaxla gamravlda xalxi. ii paraxodi iq kara serze yofila dabmuli

msxvili jaWviT. jaWvi axlacaa darCenili~ (bskifa, #259 _ ixileT

danarTi #51).

`kara seri~ Suaxevisa da xulos raionebis gamyofi mTaa, romelic

sofel neniis mopirdapired mdebareobs. aseve sainteresoa xalxuri

Tqmuleba, romelic Teona qamadaZes neniaSi Sorena qamadaZisgan Cauweria.

es Tqmuleba soflis saxeldebas ukavSirdeba: `am sofelSi didi wvima

mosula da mTeli sofeli wauRia. erTi moxuci qali gadarCenila `nenei

//bebia” da imis gamo, misi saxelidan gamomdinare daurqmeviaT

soflisaTvis nenia~. SesaZloa, es Tqmuleba raRac kavSirSi iyos `kara

seris~ TqmulebasTan. anu didi warRvnis gadmocema ukavSirdeba mcire

warRvnis legendas (miqelaZe 2013: 96-99).

TqmulebaTa analogiur cikls miekuTvneba didi warRvnisa da noes

kidobnis mSeneblobis ambebi, romelTa SinaarsiT erTmaneTisagan didad

ar gansxvavdeba. erT TqulebaSi noes urwmuno Svilzea saubari,

romelsac ufali, urwmunoebis miuxedavad, mainc miutevebs. warRvnamde

STaagonebs noes, rom warRvnis moaxloebis dros isic Tan waiyvanos:

`noem gadawyvita, didi kidobani aego da SiT yvela sulieri cot-cota

Seeyvana. kidobanze aitanes saWmel-sasmeli, ormoci dRis maragi. Mmisi

Svili ki urwmuno iyoo. is manam ar gaxda morwmune, sanam wyali ar

wameiwia, mas noe urwmunoebaSi ar uSvebda kidobanSi. is kidobanSi bolo

dRes uuSvao. warRvnis mere bolo dRes xalxs kidobanSi saWmeli

41

gamoeliaT. Nnoem, xalxi mSieri rom ar darCenili Svidi saxis marcvali

uuria, rac iyo moxarSa da xalxs aWama” (mTqmeli nodar gabaiZe 44 w.

dab. sofel skvanaSi, mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi. gaugonia dedisgan.

Caiwera nika gabaiZem 2009 w. piradi arqivi). didi warRvnis elementebis

dayofac ki SeiZleba: qristianobis kvali aqaurTa folklorSi;

muslimnobis elementebiT Sejerebuli qarTuli Tqmulebebi. Tumca es

Tqmuleba, aSkara gamoxatulebaa qristianobisa da misi wes-Cveulebebisa

(ixileT danarTi #52).

2.1. mcire warRvnis legendebi

(xaris, Svlisa da irmis kulti aWaraSi)

qarTul folklorSi iseTi legendebicaa, romlebSic warRvna

SedarebiT mcire maStabisaa da dedamiwis garkveul monakveTs moicavs. An.

SamanaZis ganmartebiT, `amgvari legendebis Tavisebureba is aris, rom

warRvna zesknelidan ki ar xdeba wvimebis gziT, aramed qvesknelidan _

miwisqveSa wylebis amoxeTqvisa da datborvis meoxebiT. miwiqveSa wylebis

amoxeTqva da qalaqis, soflis Tu sxva dasxlebuli punqtis tbad qcevis

ambebs didi warRvnis legendaTa analogiiT `mcire warRvnis~ legendebs

vuwodebT~ (SamanaZe 1973: 94).

mkvlevris azriT: `xari, verZi da Rori xalxs rom mfarveloben da

soflebs warRvnisgan ixsnian, SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. aq im uSoresi

epoqis gamoZaxilia, roca Cveni winaprebis SegnebaSi totemisturi rwmena

batonobda da zogierT cxovels RvTiur arsebad miiCnevdnen. `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ amis Taobaze naTqvamia: `romelnime ugdebdes casa da sxvani

mzesa da romelnime mTvares, romelnime varskvlavTa da romelnime

mfrinvelTa da romelnime qveyanasa da mxecTa da nadirTa xeTa~ (SamanaZe

1973: 100).

qarTul xalxur masalebSi mcire warRvna RvTiur cxovelebs (xari,

iremi, Sveli da sxva) da codva-madls ukavSirdeba (ixileT danarTi #53;

54).

42

aWaris folklorSi, ratomRac, iremze win Svlis kultia wamoweuli.

aqaurTa warmodgeniT Sveli da xari, RvTiuri cxovelebia da maTi

mokvla SeiZleba gaxdes mcire warRvnis mizezi.

aWaraSi Svlis mokvla udides codvad iTvleba: `ra Sveli mogiklavs

da ra Svilio“ (ixileT danarTi #55; T. SioSvili, avtoris piradi

arqividan).

aWarelTa rwmeniTa da warmodgeniT, Svlis mokvlis gamo SeiZleba

mTeli sofeli an xeoba daisajos: `sofel gegeliZeebSi Turme Sveli

wyals svamda da viRac kacs mouklavs. amis gamo igi RmerTs sastikad

dausjia. am kacs sanam gatyavebuli xorci saxlSi autania, mis misvlamde,

saxlSi mis or vaJs erTmaneTi dauxociaT e. i. vinc Svels moklavs, kai

dRe ar daadgebao” (mTqmeli emine xorava. 67 wlis. mcx sarfSi,

gamoTxovili sof. urexidan. Ppiradi arqivi. Cav. 2005 w_ixileT danarTi

#56).

zogierT aWarul TqmulebaSi muslimuri elementic SeWrila, rac ar

aris gasakviri. erTi aseTi Tqmulebis mixedviT `feiRamberi rom daiWires

qristianebma, feiRambers ar uSvebdnen, tyidan Tu Sveli Camuao, maSin

gagiSvebTo, imaT egonaT, Svelma ra icis da ras Camuao, ras geigebso,

saidan igrZnobso. feiRambers uTqvams: rom Camovides, marTla gamiSvebTo?

- kio. Sveli mTidan marTlac wamosula, magram imaT gzaSi misTvis

xafangi daugiaT da Sveli iq CaugdiaT, modioda da dieba, mara moglija

Turme xafangi da feiRamberTan mainc mivida. feiRamberma gaxsna xafangi

da CliqSi (Svels ukana fexebTan, CliqebTan TeTri aqvs) iodiani bamba

Caudo, Suuxvia da guSva da Tqva_vinc am cxovels moklavs, am

wuTisofelSi harami miqniao“, anu am cxovelis xorcis Wama aukrZalia,

vinaidan is Cvens sicocxles ewirebodao~ (T. xozrevaniZe, dab. Dda mcx.

sof. kvatiaSi. piradi arqivi, 2005 w _ ixileT danarTi #57). am Tqmulebis

mixedviT, uflis cxoveli mzadaa, batonisTvis Tavi gaswiros. is TavisiT

midis da mzadaa Seewiros, magram ufali aqac gadaarCens mis cxovels.

amave Sinaarsis ambebs gadmogvcemen Suaxevis raionis mkvidrnic:

`erTxel Sveli dauWeriaT, Sveli roca unda daeklaT, enaze mosula da

uTqvams: patara nukri myavso, mSieri mokvdeba, axla waval, vaWmev da mere

movalo. am kacebs gauSviaT. Svels sityva Suusrulebia da ukan

43

dabrunebula. mubareq RmerTs xeli ukana fexze murtymia (Svels ukana

fexze TeTri niSani imitom aqvso) da `waio~, uTqvams: `Sen imdeni

dagvijere, nukrs aWame da ukan moxvedio, rom ar mogvatyue da dabrundi,

axla adeqi da wadi Sen SvilebTan Sen iyavio“ (mTqm. T WaRaliZe, 76 wlis.

dabadebuli da gaTxovili sofel WalaSi, Ppiradi arqivi 2005w). `Svels

mubareqis xeli aqvs gadasmuli ukana fexze, amitomacaa CliqebTan TeTri

rom aqvso~ (beriZe xemid SaqirisZe brili 78w, piradi arqivi 2012 -

ixileT danarTi #58; 59).

aWarul TqmulebebSi Svelis mfarveli feiRamberia. Sveli

`feiRambris~ cxovelia da misi mokvla `mcire warRvnas~ iwvevs. xalxi

amgvarad gaiazrebs TviT Cvens droSi momxdar stiqiur ubedurebasac, ris

dasturicaa gadmocema xulos raionis sofel wablanaze, am soflis

maxloblad, xeobaSi mewyerma 1989 wlis 19 aprils 20 adamianis sicocxle

imsxverpla. es ubedureba, xalxuri rwmeniT, Svelis mokvlam gamoiwvia:

`Sveli RmerTis cxovelia da ar unda moeklaT. albaT RmerTma Suri

magitom iZiao~ (mTq. xozrevaniZe nurife, dabadebuli Dda mcxovrebi

sofel kvatiaSi, 74 w. piradi arqivi, 2005 w).

gulnara cecxlaZis TqmiT, mewyris Camowolamde sofel wablanaSi

erT qals winaswarmetyveleba dauwyia. Sinaurebs CauTvliaT, gagiJdao da

daubamT. mis samkurnalod, 19 aprils, dilas, xojebi miuyvaniaT, magram

qals ufro xmamaRla dauwyia yvirili: `wadiT, Tavs uSveleT,

`solgomani~ modiso. Bbolos tirilsa da xvewnaze gadasula, orsuli

qali mainc gaiyvaneT, droze wavides, daiRupebao. molebs Tavi

miunebebiaT da wasulan. im dRes marTlac Camoqceula `solgomani~ da es

ubedureba datrialebula (mTq. g. cecxlaZe., dab. sof. xixaZirSi. Mmcx.

sof. zemoxevSi, 70 w. 2004, piradi arqivi _ ixileT danarTebi: #60; 61; 62;

63; 64; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70).

mocemul gadmocemebSi ramdenime arqauli motivi gvaqvs. aseTia

`wminda kacis~ gafTxilebis, warRvnis winaswari uwyebis motivi, romelic

fiqsirdeba, agreTve, vernebTan dakavSirebul mcire warRvnis legendaSi:

`tbis gaskdomamde adre am sofelSi erT moxuc kacs unaxavs sizmari, rom

sofeli unda wyalma weiRoso. visac daujeria am moxucisaTvis, dauclia

sofeli da wasula zogi maxalakurSi, zogi oSanaxevSi. visac ar

44

daujeriaT darCenila da daRupula~ (bskifa, #171, 1972 w. gv. 127). moxuci

am SemTxvevaSi soflis rCeulsa da wminda kacs ganasaxierebda, romelsac

ufalma auwya mosalodneli gansacdeli (ixileT danarTi #71).

`solgomanis~ Tqmuleba mosalodneli warRvnisa da RvTis sasjelis

motivebiT paliastomis tbis legendas gvagonebs: `am tbis adgilas

odesRac iyo qalaqi paleostomi. Aam qalaqSi yofila eklesia, sadac

imyofeboda RvTismSoblis xati, romelic andria pirvelwodebulis

motanili yofila~ _ ase iwyeba paliastomis legenda. Semdeg

moTxrobilia qalaqis mcxovrebTa Secodebebze. erTaderTi kaci, visac

RvTis siyvaruli ar Senelebia, yofila kiko. mas sizmarSi RmerTi

gamocxadebia da gaufrTxilebia: waiRe RvTismSoblis xati SemoqmedSi,

paleostomi unda daiRuposo. kiko rogorc ki gaSorebia paleostoms,

amouxeTqavs wyals da qalaqi dautboravs.~ es varianti f. mgelaZes

Cauweria da 1892 wels rusul enaze gamouqveynebia (СМОМПК, 1892, випуск.

XIII, отдел II, gv. 72). gansxvaveba am or gadmocemas Soris isaa, rom

`solgomanis~ legendaSi, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, gafermkrTalebulia

qriatianuli motivebi, Tumca maTi kvali mainc SeiniSneba: 1. Tavad

toponimi `solgomani~ qristianul periodSi Cans gaCenili, radgan

etimologiurad es saxelwodeba bibliur `sodom-gomors~ ukavSirdeba:

solgomani<somgomori<sodom-gomori; 2. mTqmelebis nawili mTis

Camoqcevas qristianobis uaryofas ukavSirebs: `es xeoba yvelaze

qristianuli mxare yofila. Turqebis Semosvlas aqaurebis gamuslimaneba

mohyolia. mters aqauri ara erTi qristiani beri da morwmune uwamebia.

winapriseuli wesebi uaruyviaT da yvelfer amis gamo es adgili

dawyevlilia da 40 welSi erTxel illa Cameiqceva, asea gamCenelidan

dakanonebulio~. solgomanic magitom darqmevia... moxeTqvis dros mTeli

solgo (grova) Camovdao (mTq. a. miqelaZe. dab da mcx. sof. neniaSi.

Caviwere 1992 w. piradi arqivi). aqaurebi imasac amboben _ es RmerTis

dawyevliliao da ormoc welSi erTxel Cameiqcevao (m. daviTaZe, sofel

faCxis mkvidri, 75 w. Caiwera g. daviTaZem. Mmomawoda Camwerma (ixileT

danarTebi #60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70).

qristianuli motivebis naTeli gamoxatulebaa faCxis kldis

legenda, romelic me-19 saukunis damlevs Cauweria devriS-beg beJaniZes:

45

`wablana-faCxis eklesia momxdurebma daangries, jvrebgamosaxuli

lodebi daugorebiaT, raTa gadakarguliyo da aqaurebs daeviwyebinaT. ise

moxda, rom erT-erTi lodis jvris mxare piriT miwisken iyo dagdebuli.

qalebma es ar icodnen da lodze sarecxs recxdnen. erTxel SemoesmaT:

`wadiT Torem mTa dagordebao, magram ar daijeres. male isev igive xma

gaisma. erTi mainc ar wavida, mTa ki marTlac moskda da kidec Caiyolia;

aqedan modis xatovani gamoTqma: `ras iZaxi FfaCxis kldesaviTo~

(beqiriSvili 1996: 66). faCxis legendas msgavsi Sinaarsi aqvs Tedo

saxokias CanawerSic _ es sofeli faCxmatelebma gaaSenes. im dagorebul

lodze jvarcmuli qriste iyo gamosaxulio... (saxokia 1985: 234).

analogiuri Sinaarsis Tqmuleba gvxdeba zaqaria WiWinaZis CanawerebSi.

faCxisa da wablanis legendebSi qristianuli motivebis arseboba,

albaT, imiTac aris gamowveuli, rom orive sofeli sxalTis eklesiasTan

axlos mdebareobs. sxvaTa Soris, amaze metyvelebs faCxis Sesaxeb

arsebuli meore gadmocemac, romlis mixedviTac, sxalTis eklesia da

misi eparqia, sofel faCxaSi dawuruli RviniT sargeblobdnen. iq imdeni

yurZeni modioda, eparqias wlidan-wlamde hyofnidao. rac Seexeba mis

Camotanas, mTqmelis gadmocemiT: `sofel faCxidan sxalTis marnamde didi

xis Rarebi hqoniaT. yurZens faCxaSi wuravdnen da Rarebis saSualebiT

pirdapir sxalTis marnis WurebSi Caedinebodao~ (mTq. q. abaSiZe, dab. da

mcx. sof. vernebSi. 50 w. piradi arqivi, 2005 w _ ixileT danarTi #75; 76).

aWaraSi mcire warRvnis legendebs qristianul da mahmadianur

epoqebSi mravali cvlileba ganucdiaT, magram TiTqmis yvelgan

fiqsirdeba warmarTul-miTosuri plastebi. mraval maTganSi figurirebs

xarTa Serkinebis arqauli motivebi.

rogorc cnobilia, warmarTul epoqaSi Sinaur cxovelTa Soris

gansakuTrebiT xars aRmerTebdnen (oqroSiZe 1969: 35). marto,

pirvelyofili Sexedulebebisa da warmarTobis epoqaSi ki ara, aramed

qristianobis xanaSi ki mravlad gvxdeba xaris gamosaxulebani,

gansakuTrebiT uZveles taZrebsa da eklesiebSi. magaliTad, mexuTe

saukunis taZarSi _ bolnisis sionSi xaris Tavis gamosaxulebaa, rac

qristianobamdeli sarwmunoebis gamoZaxili unda iyos (CubinaSvili 1940:

158). a. soxaZis mosazrebiT, saqarTveloSi SemorCenili xaris kultis

46

elementebi _ `Cveulebidan naTlad Cans, rom leCxumSi nikora xaris

mimarT, sxva muSa xarebisagan gansxvavebiT, damatebiTi magiur-religiuri

rituali sruldeboda, rac imas mowmobs, rom nikora xars leCxumeli

miwaTmoqmedebi `muSa xaris gamCeni: RmerTis anu `didi RmerTis~ mier

niSandebul cxovelad miiCnevda... ~ didi RmerTis~ cnebaSi ki warmarTuli

RvTaeba unda igulisxmebodes~ (soxaZe 1964: 110-112).

x. TavdgiriZis azriT, aWaraSi xaris kultis `dasabamiseuli

fesvebi~, iseve rogorc yvela xalxis miTosSi, wylidan aris

aRmocenebuli. wyali aWaris miTosur cnobierebaSi pirvelSesaqmiseuli

qaosis ekvivalentad moiazreba:

`qveyana xarze dgaso,

xari Tevzze dgaso,

Tevzi wyalze dgaso~...

mkvlevris azriT, RvTaebrivi, madliani xari, romlis rqebzec

dedamiwa gaCerebula, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi farTod

gacrcelebuli legenda-Tqmulebis gmiri - wylis kuroa (gadmocemebi

WinWaos tbaze, vernebze, buRa-golze da sxva.. (ixileT danarTi #72; 73;

74. amgvari araCveulebrivi xari wyalSi cxovrobs da fesvebi Tevzze

udgas. wylis xari `wylis urCxulia~, romelmac vernebis ganadgureba

gamoiwvia _ `aWarul TqmulebebSi xmeleTis xarisa da wylis urCxulis

brZola `mcire warRvnas~ iwvevs da sofel vernebs anadgurebs. es aris

ori uZlieresi stiqiis _ wylisa da miwis SebrZoleba, SeiZleba vTqvaT _

`mcire Sesaqme~ (TavdgiriZe 2000: 94-96).

aWarelTa rwmeniT, `dedamiwa xaris rqebze dgas, roca buzi daajdeba

da Tavs gaiqnevs, miwa Seyanyaldeba, Zalian rom gaaqanos Tavi, qveyana

mTlianad deiqcevao. Aamitomac, Zvelebis gadmocemiT, xari gamCenelis

cxovelia~ (mTq. e. mamulaZe. Ddab. da mcx. sofel neniaSi. Ppiradi arqivi,

2005).

zogierT aWarul gadmocemaSi gamqralia xsovna wylis binadari

miTosuri arsebis Sesaxeb. amis dasturia Tqmuleba `tbiyelis~ Sesaxeb

(tbiyeli xinos aRmosavleTiT, mTis ferdobze mdebareobs). legendis

Tanaxmad: `tbaSi yofila erTi raRac cxoveli, romelic yoveldRe

amodioda wylidan da iqve mindorze gadioda. mindorze Sexvdeboda

47

soflis xari da daetakeboda mas. saRamomdi Widaobdnen, xolo saRamos

ganSordebodnen erTmaneTs da daRlil-daqanculi, mSieri xari saxlSi

brundeboda. Aase ramdenjerme ganmeorda. es SeniSna xaris patronma,

gaigo mTelma sofelmac. Ddainteresdnen yvelani. sabalaxod gasul xars

diliT gahyvnen tbasTan. cota xnis Semdeg dainaxes, rom wylidan amovida

raRac Savi cxoveli da maSinve etaka xars... xmeleTis xari isev

damarcxda. Mxaris patroni yofila mola-dede maxaraZe, romelic mWedeli

yofila. Mman Tavis xars rqebze rkinis maxvili gaukeTa da gauSva

sabalaxod. im dRes wylidan amosulma cxovelma xari ver daamarcxa,

xarma ki rkinis maxviliT mokla is cxoveli. Amis mere xari normalurad

Zovda da saxlSic maZRari brundeboda. gasula xani da xalxi Zalian

dainteresebula, ra iyo am tbaSi. gadauwyvetiaT am tbis daSroba. erT

mSvenier dRes auRiaT xelT samuSao iaraRebi da soflis mcxovrebni

wasulan tbasTan. dauwyiaT muSaoba Tu ara tbidan wylis gadmosaSvebad,

uceb ca moRrublula, amtydara Weqa-quxili, mosula kokispiruli wvima

da daSinebuli xalxi iZulebuli gamxdara, Tavi daenebebina dawyebuli

saqmisTvis. Mmeorejer wasulan, magram maSinac aseTi saSineli amindi

Seqmnila. Aam garemoebas xalxi dauSinebia da amitom xeli auRiaT am

ideaze (qaTamaZe 1940: 19-20 _ ixileT danarTi #77)

wylis miTosuri arsebis vinaoba ucnobia yaragolis tbis Sesaxeb

arsebul gadmocemaSic: `yaragoli xixaZiris zeviTaa, Zalian didi tbaa

da Tan saSiSi. im tbaSi bevri xalxia damxCvari. am tbas SiT Tvalebi

hqonia. miwis SiT, iq geedineba. is tba xmeleTze ar gadmodis. Cveni

winaprebi ambobden, rom am tbaSi racxa Savi cxoveli cxovrobs, vinc

axlos miva, wylis cxoveli misgan (yurbans) Sesawirs iTxovs da amitomac

yvelafers SiT itacebso. aq xalxi xSirad irCoboda, mara damxCvals

veravin naxulobda. tba sul Savi ferisaa, amitomac `yaragoli~ daarqves.

am tbaSi sul silaa da fexs rom Sedgam, SigniT gekideba da giTrevs da

gaxrCobs. am tbaSi Sesvlas misdRemSi eridebian~ (mTqm. gulnara

cecxlaZe, dab. sofel skvanaSi, amJamad mcx. SuaxevSi, Caviwere gomis

mTaSi 2005 w. _piradi arqivi).

wylis arsebis vinaobas ufro akonkretebs `mwvane tbis~ legenda

(mwvane tba mdebareobs goderZis uReltexilis samxreT-dasavleTiT,

48

almes mTis maxloblad). aqaurTa gadmocemiT, am tbaSi raRac gareuli

`xvlikiseburi cxoveli~ cxovrobs, romelic SiT Sesul saqonelsa Tu

adamians iTrevs. Dmagram misi kvalis migneba Znelia~ (mTq. i. melaZe. Ddab.

da mcx. daba xelvaCaurSi, 2004 w. piradi arqivi _ ixileT danarTi #78;

79; 80; 81; )

mwvane tbis msgavsi `xvlikiseburi cxovelis~ arseboba kargad Cans

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi dacul gadmocemebSi. am TvalsazrisiT

sainteresoa `saydrionis eklesiis~ legenda, romelic mogviTxrobs erwo-

TianeTis didi tbis ambavs: `es tba erT gveleSaps gauCenia. Turme,

yoveldRe wavidoda zRvaze, Caigubebda wyals da aq asxamda. tba

TandaTan izrdeboda da mTebze mosaxle xalxs walekvas uqadda.

gveleSapTan Sebmas, aba, vin gabedavda. Hhoda, erT kacs saocari mozveri

hyolia. rqebi danasaviT hqonia galesili. erT mSvenier dRes gaparula es

mozveri, SeWidebia gveleSaps da sul daufatria, mxolod kudi darCenia.

Eis kudi aris Cveni iori, axlac rom Cagvidis da ar gviwydeba~ (folk.

arq, k, 165, gv. 75 - ixileT danarTi #82)

duSeTSi Cawerili legendis mixedviT, gveleSapi aragvs agubebs.

warRvnis SiSiT SeZrwunebuli xalxi veSapTan brZolis gzas saxavs. imeds

amyareben naialaRar xarebze. jer erTs gamoiyvanen da SeabrZoleben, mere

meores, Semdeg mesames... magram veSapi yvelas amarcxebs. Mmisnis rCeviT,

bolos nikora mozvers monaxaven. igi gveleSaps rqiT mucels gaufatravs.

Aaragvs gzas gauxsnis da soflebs gadaarCens (folk. arq., k. 165, gv. 89).

zogierT gadmocemaSi wylis binadari gveleSapi transformirdeba

uCveulo garegnobis xarad. erT-erTi aseTi gadmocemaa WinWaos tbis

legenda, romelSic TvalSisacemia wylis kultis elementebi da xaris

gamanayofierebel funqciaze miniSnebebi. WinWaos tba gomis mTaze

mdebareobs. gadmocemis mixedviT, `uZveles dros am tbaSi Savi xari

cxovrobda, romelsac wiTeli Tvalebi hqonia. xari am wylis patrons

ekuTvnoda. am wyalSi pirutyvi an adamiani Tu Sevidoda, ukan iSviaTad

brundeboda. es wyali mbrunavi yofila da Sig yvela Semsvlels Ziravda.

CaZiruls iSviaTad naxulobdnen. adgilobrivebis gadmocemiT, am tbas

siRrmeSi xvrelebi hqonia, romlebic `foTis zRvas~ uerTdeboda.

49

gadmocemis sxva variantis mixedviT, `am tbaSi Savi xari kildesTan

cxovrobda da mzis amosvlisas gamodioda da balaxs Zovda, xmeleTis

xars ebrZoda da saRamos, mzis Casvlisas, wyalSi Cadioda. am xars

hyolia racxa patroni (gamCeneli), romelic mis adgilSi gasulebs

Ziravda. is xari xan Cdeba, xan ara, gaaCnia, vis gamuuCdeba. es tba adre

ufro didi yofila, axla TandaTan pawavdeba. kldis ZirSi zovli Rmaa

da Tanac iq brunavso da xalxs sZiravso. Sori da mwvanea aq wyali~ (mTq.

asie kilaZe-konceliZe, mcx. sofel zemoxevSi, 78 wlis, Caw. 2005 w. piradi

arqivi _ ixileT danarTi #83). gadmocemaSi gacxadebulia cxovelis

mfarvelis - mzis vinaoba.

Aam Tqmulebis sxva variantSi vkiTxulobT: `WinWaos tbaSi

binadrobs wylis xari, romelic zogjer napirze gamodis da mudam erT

adgilze wveba. mis danawol saqonels sijansaRe emateba. WinWaos tbis

wyals samkurnalo Tvisebebic gaaCnia. uSvilo qalebi specialurad

midiodnen da banaobdnen am tbaSi~ (SamilaZe 1964: 133). am variantis

TqmulebaSi pirdapiraa gacxadebuli `wylis cxovelis~

gamanayofierebeli funqcia.

gadmocemis sxva variantSi xarTa Serkinebis tradicia TiTqmis

daclilia miTologiuri Sinaarsisgan: WinWaos tbasTan axlos aris gomis

mTis sazafxulo iailebi, mis erT-erT ubans saxelad `xariaTaRi~ hqvia,

sadac zafxulobiT 100-mde komli iyris Tavs. aqaurTa gadmocemiT, am

adgilis saxelwodeba warmodgeba uZvelesi tradiciidan, kerZod, `am

adgilas xarebis Sesajibri adgili yofila. aq modioda ucxo `Savwamwama

xari da aqaur xarebs sul amarcxebdao. erTxel aqaurebs specialurad

gauzrdiaT kargi xari da SeujibrebiaT am xarisTvis. Mmosaxleobis xars

ujobnebia da is xari (RvTis cxoveli) im dRidan aRar gamoCenila.

aqaurebs ki am adgilisTvis es saxeli daurqmeviaT. im dResaswaulidan

dResacaa SemorCenili erTi ucnauri Cveva, rogorc yovelTvis,

gamarjvebuls xars wiTel bafTas, xolo damarcxebuls Sav bafTas

daabnevdneno. Aamitomacaa dRes saqonels, xars rqebze wiTel bafTas,

naWers ukeTeben, rom gamarjvebulis feria da Tvali ver Zlevs, Tvals

ar ecemao~ (mTq. f. WaRaliZe, dab. sofel inwkivreTSi da mcx. sof.

varjenaulSi. piradi arqivi. 2010 _ ixileT danarTi #84).

50

sxvagvarad, xariaTaRi (xaris sawoli) aWaraSic (mag. sanaliis mTaze)

da imerxevSi (Turq) iailebzec mravlad gvxdeba. Aaq xarebs furebisgan

gancalkevebiT abalaxebdnen da saxelwodebac aqedan modis. zemo

moyvanili legenda ki ufro tbebs ukavSirdeba.

transformirebuli gamgebeli wylisa kargad Cans vernebis//

`tbiyelis“ gadmocemaSi: `sofel vernebs adre `tbiyeli~ erqva. soflis

zemoT mTaze, yofila mozrdili tba, romelic gamskdara, moxeTqila da

sofeli `tbiyeli~ waulekavs. Amis Semdeg iqaurobas `vernebi~ darqmevia”...

(Tandilava 1996: 84-85). amave gadmocemis sxva variantSi, soflis

`Camoqcevis~ ambavi dakavSirebulia xmeleTis xarTan, romelsac patronma

`rkinis rqebi~ gaukeTa, riTac wylis xari daamarcxa: `wylis xaris

patroni tbis zemoT arsebuli eklesiis mepatrone yofila. xarebis

orTabrZolis damTavrebis Semdeg, gasisxlianebuli, damarcxebuli wylis

xari tbaSi gadaSvebula, ris Semdegac tba aboboqrebula da gadmosula,

sofeli waulekavs da misi mimdebare eklesiac. Aam sofels `vernebi~

darqmevia (mTq. biWiko abaSiZe, dab. da mcx. sof vernebi, 2003 w. piradi

arqivi). aRniSnul sofelSi Zvelad momxdar stiqiur ubedurebaze

miuTiTeben istorikosebic: `sofel vernebisa da misi Semogarenis

reliefi, Sua sofelSi miwaSi Cafluli samlocvelos naSTebi

gvafiqrebineben, rom warsulSi am sofels marTlac ganucdia stiqiuri

ubedureba. soflis zemoT tbis arsebobac TiTqos eWvs ar iwvevs

(legenda sofel vernebze, `macne” enisa da literaturis seria, #2, Tb.

1978). am legendaSi naxsenebi eklesiis arseboba dadasturda

arqeologiuri gaTxrebiTac, romelic arqeologebma a. kaxiZem da S.

mamulaZem Caatares (kaxiZe, mamulaZe 1993).

soflis saxelwodebis ganmartebas isxavs miznad naRvarevis tbis

legendac: `am tbaSi, Turme, cxovrobda xari, `tbis xari~. am soflis

mcxovreblebi yovel welwads aWidavebdnen soflis saukeTeso xars.

wylis xari xmeleTis xarTan yovelTvis gamarjvebuli rCeboda da

wyalSi mSvidad cxovrobda. erT welwads soflelebma saWidaod gayvanil

xars rkinis rqebi daadges da sabrZolvelad wylis xarTan gauSves. am

brZolaSi soflis xarma daWra wylis xari, daWrili wylis xari wyalSi

Sevardnila, amitomac tba aboboqrebula, gadmosula napirze da sofeli

51

duuRvria, amis mere am sofels `naRvarevi~ darqmevia~ (mTq. memed

nagervaZe-gaugoni dedisagan. Caiwera Tamar nagervaZe 2006 w. piradi arqivi

_ ixileT danarTi #85; 86; 87; 88).

xaris kults rom saqarTveloSi friad mniSvnelovani adgili ekava,

amas mowmobs mdidari da mravalferovani arqeologiuri, folkloruli

da eTnografiuli masalebic.

rogorc aRvniSneT, aWaris toponimebSi xaris kultTan dakavSirebiT

mraval Tqmulebas vxvdebiT. kerZod, toponim `xari-ÁaTaR”-Tan

dakavSirebiT. erTi versiiT, `xari-ÁaTaRi” bibliur istoriasTan

asocirdeba. mTqmelis, JuJuna zoiZis, informaciiT, `xari-ÁaTaRi” swored

is mTaa, sadac noes kidobani gaCerebula. analogiurad saxeldeba `karas

mTa” (mTqmeli Tenzile qarcivaZe). sxva versiiT `xariaTaRi” wminda

(gareuli) xarisa da Cveulebrivi xaris saasparezo adgilad iTvleboda,

sadac gamarjvebuli wiTeli anu wminda xari rCeba. MmTavari da

mniSvnelovani ki isaa, rom orive SemTxvevaSi mTa wminda adgilia, anu

`kvrivi~ adgili, romelic siwmindesTan asocirdeba.

xaris kults sxvadasxva aspeqtSi ganixilaven. Qqedis raionis

mkvidrTa gadmocemebSi saarsebo wylis uzrunvelyofa `wminda xarisTvis”

daukisrebiaT: `sofel gegeliZeebSi, sadac exla wyaroa, im adgilas

wyali ar yofila, xalxi wylis ukmarisobas ganicdida. erTxelac erT

buRa xars ubuRravia da amgvarad gamoudenia wyali. gaxarebul xalxs es

xari `wminda xarad miuCnevia, imave wyaros wylisaTvis Seuwiravs _

dauklavT, xorci xalxisTvis daurigebiaT da sisxli wyalSi CausxamT.

mis mere yoveli wlis ivlisis TveSi tradiciulad klavdnen xars”

(bskif, saqme #199, gv. 59 _ ixileT danarTi #89).

am TqmulebaSi sainteresoa rogorc xaris, aseve misi Sewirvis

ritualic _ `kulti Tavis gamoxatulebas Rebulobs sxvadasxva

SesawiravSi _ msxverplSi. Tavdapirvelad msxverpli savsebiT realuria,

droTa viTarebaSi ki is TiTqmis marto simboluri xdeba” (kosveni 1971:

179).

specialur literaturaSi cnobilia, rom RvTaebisadmi

msxverplTSewirva da locva-vedreba saTaves iRebs animizmis periodidan.

sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebisa da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis Sesabamisad

52

religiur-ideologiuri, cvlilebebis safuZvelze, garkveul

transformacias ganicdida msxverplSewirvis adrindeli formebic. ase

Seicvala TandaTan adamianis msxverplad Sewirvis wesic da misi adgili

sxva cocxalma arsebam daikava. Seicvala maTi damokidebulebac da

adamianis nacvlad cxovelebis Sewirva daiwyes.

TqmulebebSi vxvdebiT rogorc animistur, aseve zoomorful rwmena-

warmodgenebs. sakvlevi masalebis safuZvelze, SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom

xari, Sveli, cxvari aqaurTa rwmenaSi `RvTis cxovelebad” iTvleboda.

isini asrulebdnen mTel rig funqciebs, romelTac asaxva hpoves rwmena-

warmodgenebsa da nivTier kulturaSi.

53

Tavi III. qristianobasTan dakavSirebuli toponimuri

Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi

3. 1. wm. Aandria pirvelwodebuli da masTan dakavSirebuli

Tqmulebebi

aWara erT-erTi ZirZveli qristianuli kuTxea saqarTveloSi. rogorc

mkvlevari s. gogitiZe wers: `aWaris mravaltanjul miwaze fexi daudgams

jer kidev qristianuli religiis xanaSi, ieso qristes Tormet

mowafeTagan ramdenimes: andria pirvelwodebuls (saxarebaSi pirvel

mociqulad andriaa dasaxelebuli, amitomac mas `pirvelwodebuli~

ewoda), simon moSurnes (ase ewodeba `saqme mociqulTaSi~) igive kananels,

mataTas (maTeosi) da filipes. gadaWriT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amaTgan

qristianobis gavrcelebisaTvis aWaraSi Sroma ar dauSurebiaT andriasa

da mataTas. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi ilia II Tvlis,

rom andria pirvelwodebulma da simon kananelma `uflis sityvis

qadagebiT ganvles saqarTveloSi Cveni welTaaRricxvis pirvel

saukuneSi~ (gogitiZe 1990: 78).

qristianuli sarwmunoebis pirveli qadageba saqarTveloSi,

werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT, ieso qristes TormetTagan erT-erTma

mociqulma andria pirvelwodebulma, swored aWaridan daiwyo. Qwyaros

cnobiT, `movida... andria qalaqad trapizonad, romel ars sofeli meg-

relTa, sada-igi dahyo Jami mciredi, da ixila ugunureba pirutyuebrivi

mkÂdrTa Soris mis qalaqisaTa, ganvida mier da Sevida queyanasa qarT-

lisasa, romelsa did-aWara ewodebis, da iwyo qadagebad saxarebisa.

rameTu kacni pirutyuTa uugunures iyvnes da ara icnobdes Semoqmedsa

RmerTsa, da yovelsa saZagelsa da arawmidasa wessa aRasrulebdes,

romeli saTqmeladca ujero ars. da mravalni Wirni da gansacdelni

daiTminna urwmunoTagan, da SewevniTa RmrTisaTa da wmidisa mis xatisaTa

yovelnive madlobiT moiTminna, vidremdis yovelnive moaqcivna da

moiyvanna sarwmunoebad. rameTu adgilsa, romelsa daasvena xati yovlad-

wmidisa RmrTismSoblisa, aRmoecena wyaro friad Suenieri da didi,

romeli-igi vidre dResca dauwyuedelad aRmosdis. da Semokrbes

yovelnive yovliT-kerZo mkÂdrni mis queyanisani, da naTel-sca yovelTa

54

saxeliTa mamisaTa, da ZisaTa, da sulisa wmidisaTa, da daadginna

mRudelni da diakonni, da daudva wesi da sazRuari sarwmunoebisa. da

aRaSenes ekklesia Suenieri saxelsa zeda yovladwmidisa RvTismSob-

lisasa. da viTarca eneba wmidasa mociqulsa mier warslva, evedrebodes

da ara utevebdes warslvad, aramed etyodes: `ukeTu Sen warxval, xati

ege yovladwmidisa RvTismSoblisa aqa dagÂsvene, sasod da mcvelad

Cuenda~. xolo wmidaman mociqulman andria Seqmna ficari msgavsi zomisa

da dasdva xatsa mas zeda. da meyuseulad gamoisaxa saxe ucvalebeli

xatisa mis da misca igi maT. xolo maT sixaruliT Seiwynares da

daisvenes ekklesiasa Sina TÂssa pativiT, romeli-igi vidre dRes-aqamomde

hgies. xolo wmidasa mociqulsa misces mSÂdoba da mowled moikiTxes,

ambors uyves da warmogzavnes” (qca I: 39).

`andria pirvelwodebulma samive misioneruli mogzaurobis dros

iqadaga saqarTveloSi, amitom giorgi mTawmindelma 1009-1065), Tevdosi

antioqiel patriarqTan disputis dros (1057w), `mimosvlis berZnuli

teqsti (`mimosvla andria mociqulisa”) gamoiyena saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis dasacavad, rogorc mociqulTa qadagebis utyuari

dokumenti: `pirvel warkiTxvisa hrqua berman patreaqsa: wmindao meufev

Sen ityv, viTarmed Tavisa mociqulTaisa petres saydarsa vzio, xolo

Cven pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa Tvissa mwodebelisa nawilni varT da

samwysoni da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni; da erTi wmidaTa

aTormetTa mociqulTagani _ simons vityvi kananelsa _ queyanasa Cuensa

mociqulTa ganaTlebulni varT”(giorgi mcire: 154) (xalvaSi 2009: 50).

eqvTime iberielma mociqulTa moRvaweobas saqarTveloSi specialuri

Sroma uZRvna, sabolood ganamtkica da kanonizacia mianiWa debulebas,

rom qarTuli qristianoba Tavisi warmoSobiT dakavSirebuli iyo

mociqulTa xanasTan. Aam Sromas ewodeba ,,mosaxsenebeli mimosvlaTaTvis

da qadagebaTa mociqulisa andreasi.” Aavtors Tavisi Sromis safuZvlian

debulebis misaRebad gamouyenebia epifane konstantinepolisa da nikita

paflagonielis teqstebi. efTimes qarTuli versiis Tanaxmad, andria

yofila trapizonSi, megrelTa qveyanaSi, Semdeg qarTvelTa qveyanaSi

mdinare Woroxamde, aqedan gadasula sosinageTSi...( mTawmindelis: 1982 24-

25).

55

amgvarad, wm. andria pirvelwodebulma didaWaraSi makurnebeli

wyaro aRmoacena, romelSic xalxi monaTla, amave sofelSi

RvTismSoblis eklesia aago, akurTxa mRvdlebi da diakvnebi, bolos ki

saqarTvelos pirvel qristianul taZarSi deda RvTisas xelTuqmneli

xatis – awyuris RvTismSoblis xatis asli daasvena.

sanam andria pirvelwodebuli iqadagebda, `qarTlis cxovrebis~

mixedviT, didaWarlebi warmarTebi yofilan, Semdeg ki gaqristianebulan.

osmalos Semosvlis mere ZaliT gaumuslimanebiaT, magram yvelafris

miuxedavad, garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, isini mainc qristianul

msaxurebas agrZelebdnen, rasac arsebuli masalebi adasturebs:

`didaWaraSi xangZlivi drois manZilze arsebobda eklesia. aq dRemde

Semonaxulia toponimebi da adgili, sadac mosaxleoba eklesiis

arsebobas varaudobs. Cveni saukunis 50-ian wlebamde didaWaraSi SavaZeTa

sagvareuloSi (bude-naTesaobis saxelwodeba fiTnanTi) gamoTxovili

xandazmuli qalebi mamakacebisagan malulad, mistikur garemoSi,

sakralur adgils estumrebodnen. ikribebodnen soflis ganapira

amaRlebul borcvze, e. w. `nakafis serze~ mdebare naeklesiaris

midamoebSi da dabal xmaze galobdnen (mTxrobelTa ganmartebiT

mRerodnen). Aam adgils `Tarangelozis yeli~ (mTavarangelozis yeli)

ewodeba (mgelaZe, faRava 1999: 139).

rogorc didaWaris mkvidri T. wulukiZe wers: `didaWara

ZvelTaZveli sofelia, amitomac iyo, rom I saukuneSi andria

pirvelwodebulma swored savane am sofelSi hpova... adgils, sadac

savaraudod, unda agebuliyo pirveli eklesia saqarTveloSi da ara

marto saqarTveloSi, amJamad `Tarangelos~ vuwodebT. vfiqrob, rom

andria pirvelwodebulis mier agebuli taZari Zelisa unda yofiliyo da

Semdgomad im adgilas unda aRmarTuliyo axali taZari mTavarangelozis

saxelobisa~ (wulukiZe 2009: 12).

`qarTlis cxovrebidan~ aseve vgebulobT, rom andria

pirvelwodebulma didaWaris Semdeg `gardamovlo mTa, romelsa ewodebis

rkinis juari da Tqmul ars, viTarmed juari. igi TvT netarisa andrias

mier aRmarTul ars. xolo viTarca STavlo xevi oZraxisa da movida

56

sazRuarTa samcxisaTa, daivana sofelsa, romelsa ewodebis zaden-gora~

(qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 38).

Suaxevis raionis mareTis xeobaSi `sanalias mTaze aris adgili,

romelsac `rkinis jvars~ eZaxian. Jurnalist oTar futkaraZes toponim

`rkinis jvarTan~ dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani kvlevebi uwarmoebia,

avtori svams kiTxvas _ aq xom ar igulisxmeba mdinare sanaliiswylis

saTavesTan axlomdebare rkinisjvris gadasasvleli, romelic sanaliis

saialaRo sadgoms gadmohyurebs. miT umetes, rom masze gamavali gza

odiTganve aWaras SavSeT-eruSeTTan da tao-klarjeTTan, aqedan focxovis

xeobiT ki mesxeTTan akavSirebda.

am zekarze amaxvilebs yuradRebas profesori iuri sixaruliZe da

aRniSnavs, rom dabali gadasasvlelis gamo igi mgzavrTaTvis zamTar-

zafxul mosaxerxebeli iyo. mis naSromSi “SavSeT-imerxevi” vkiTxulobT:

`yviralas uReltexili – SavSeTis qedze. aqedan erTi gza demur-yafiT

midis (mareTis xeoba), xolo meore yara-golze (sxalTis xeobisken).

Turquli saxelwodeba demur-yafi – rkinis kari _ aq rkinis jvris

saxenacvali forma xom ar aris?

rkinisjvarTan axlomdebare kildis qvabebi arqeologebma

gamoikvlies da aq UuZvelesi adamianebis (eneoliTidan neoliTze

gardamavali periodis cxovrebis kvali aRmoaCines. Maxlobel serebze ki

qvakacebia aRmarTuli futkaraZe, `sad mdebareobs mTa, romelzec andria

pirvelwodebulma rkinis jvari aRmarTa” (futkaraZe 2013: 84 - ixileT

danarTi #90; 91). Eam adgilebSi, 2001-sa da 2002 -wlebSi moewyo

eqspediciebi, romelTa kvlevebma erTxel kidev cxadyo, rom am adgilebs

uZveles dros mniSvnelovani daniSnuleba hqonia (diasamiZe, ebraliZe 2011:

54-55).

Bbibliuri ambis mixedviT, moses mier sinais udabnoSi refidimSi

gayvanili israelebi, uflis SemweobiT mosem wyurvilisgan ixsna: `

uflis brZanebiT, israelTagan iaxla uxucesi, xorebis kldeze dahkra

kverTxi, saidanac marTlac gadmovida wyali da israelT moukla

wyurvili (gamosvla, T. 16-18) (biblia 1989: 73).

Suaxevis raionis, sofel Subnis mkvidri ioseb ebraliZis (70w)

gadmocemiT, `sanaliis mTaze aris adgili, romelsac `feiRambris wyals~

57

uwodeben. feiRambers, mTasTan kldeze xeli miudvia da iqedan (kldis

Sua nawilidan) gadmosula wyali. Amis mere am adgils `feiRambris

wyals~ uwodeben (mTq. ebraliZe ioseb, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sof.

SubanSi, Caiwera da masala mogvawoda naTia ebraliZem, 2005 _ ixileT

danarTi #92).

Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT, uflis rCeuli _ mose winaswarmetyveli,

aseve axali aRTqmis mociqulTagani andria pirvelwodebuli, romelmac

didaWaris mkvidrTaTvis, saswaulebrivi ZaliT wyali aRmoacena.

aWaruli Tqmulebis am variantSi mTavari saswaulmoqmedi

feiRamberia, magram mTqmeli ver akonkretebs Tu romel mociqulzea

saubri. safiqrebelia, `rkini jvrisa da `feiRambris wylis~ _

saswaulmoqmedi pirovneba erTi da igive wmindani iyo, anu wminda andria,

romelmac am mxareSi imogzaura, RvTis SewevniTa da madliT_mravali

saswauli moaxdina.

3. 2. wminda giorgis Tayvaniscemis kvali toponimur Tqmuleba-

gadmocemebSi

qristianul samyaroSi, kerZod ki saqarTveloSi ar moiZebneba

wmindani, mowame iqneba igi Tu eklesiis gamoCenili moRvawe, romelic

popularobiT. wm giorgis Seedrebodes. aWaraSi rac ki SemorCenilia

nangrevi Tu eklesia, TiTqmis yvela wm. Ggiorgis saxelzea aSenebuli.

tao-klarjeTis samonastro kolonizacia swored wm. Ggiorgis saxelobis

taZris agebiT daiwyo _ es iyo `xanZTa _ sayofeli didisa mowamisa

giorgisa”, romelic iqca ara ubralod pirvel, aramed mTavar taZrad

tao-klarjeTSi. niSandoblivia, rom g. merCule klarjeTis meudabnoebs

wm. Ggiorgis adarebs (siraZe 1987: 154).

wm. giorgis Tayvaniscema gansakuTrebiT Zlierdeba X-XI s-Si, rasac

feodaluri monarqiis aRmavlobasa da samxedro ideologiis

damkvidrebas ukavSireben (gamsaxurdia 1991: 172).

XI saukunis literaturaSi mkvidrdeba tradicia _ wm. Ggiorgi,

rogorc saqarTvelos zeciuri mfarveli. Aarsen beri mis Sesaxeb wers:

`meoxi da mfarveli da xelisaRmpyrobeli yovelTa morwmuneTai da

ufroisad naTesavisa Cvenisai (arsen beri 1971: 11).

58

daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosi qarTveli mxedrobis gamarjvebas

wm. giorgis SemweobiT xsnis: `wminda mowame giorgi gancxadebulad da

yovelTa saxilvelad winauZRoda mas da mklaviTa TvisTa mosrvida

zedamowevnulTa usjuloTa maT warmarTTa, romeli TviT igi usjuloni

da umecarni moRmarT aRiarebdes da mogviTxrobdes saswaulsa amas

mTavar-mowamisa giorgissa” (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955: 341). analogiuri

Sinaarsis legenda arsebobs jvarosnebis Sesaxeb (avarincevi 1991: 275).

wmindanis Sesaxeb Cvenamde moRweulia mravali Txzuleba, romlebic

qarTvel mwignobrebs uTargmniT X-XIII s_Si. istoriulad wm.

giorgisaTvis sagalobeli miuZRvnia ioane minCxs (minCxi 1987: 335-348).

saqarTvelos danarCen kuTxeebTagan erTad arc aWara warmoadgenda

gamonakliss. am kuTxeSi Seiqmna abuserisZe tbelis hagiografiuli

nawarmoebi `axali saswaulni wmindisa giorgisani”

Sua saukuneebSi aWara qristianobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan centrs

warmoadgenda. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli Rvawli miuZRvis aWaris

erisTavT-erisTavebis – abuserisZeebis sagvareulos. abuserisZeTa

feodaluri saxli gansakuTrebiT dawinaurda XIII saukunis pirvel

naxevarSi, roca samoRvaweo asparezze gamovida cnobili moRvawe tbel

abuserisZe.

tbel abuserisZe (daaxl. 1190-1240) didi rusTvelis umcrosi

Tanamedrove, mwerali da astronomi iyo. mas ekuTvnis religiur-

istoriuli Txzuleba `saswaulni wmidisa mTavarmowamisa giorgisani~ da

vrceli qronologiur-astronomiuli traqtati `qoronikoni sruli

misiTa sauwyebliTa gangebiTa~, romelmac 350 wliT adre miaxvedra

mecnierni imxanad moqmed welTaRricxvaTa sistemebis astrologiur

cdomilebebze da, 1582 wels, TviT romis papi grigol meTormete aiZula,

qarTuli monapovris mibaZviT romauli kalendris Sesworeba ebrZanebina.

tbels ekuTvnis, agreTve, `galobani samTa ioaneTani: winamorbedisa,

RvTismetyvelisa da oqropirisa~ da `galobani mwvalebelTa

SeCvenebisani~.

Cveni sakiTxis kvlevisTvis fasdaudebeli masalaa daculi tbelis

hagiografiul TxzulebaSi ~saswaulni wmidisa mTavarmowamisa

59

giorgisni~, romelSic saintereso gadmocemebia daculi xixanis da

cxmorisis wminda giorgis eklesiebis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb.

`saswaulni wmidisa mTavarmowamisa giorgisni~ Seexeba xixaTa

cixesimagresTan axlos, focxovSi, daba Suartylis wm. giorgis eklesiis

saswaulebriv mSeneblobas _ taZars marto, sxvebis daxmarebis gareSe

agebs daxelovnebuli qviTxuro basili. teqstSi aRwerili saswaulebi

ukavSirdeba mSenebare eklesiis ezoSi dabrZanebul jvars, romelic

`saxelsa zeda ars alaverdisa mTavarmowamissa~. nawarmoebis bolos

tbel abuserisZe wers: èseviTariTa sakÂrvelebiTa daesvena namuSakevsa

TÂssa wmidasa~. `namuSakevi TÂsi~ aRniSnavs jvars, wm. giorgis namuSakevs.

es aris alaverdis mTavarmowame, radgan jvari misi saxelobisa iyo. asea

gaSinaarsebuli nawarmoebSi saRvTo madlis ganfena erTi taZridan

meoreSi, riTac viTardeba ìoane zedaznelis cxovrebasa~ da àbibos

nekreselis wamebaSi~ mocemuli Tema: `xolo amis netaris iovanes

mowafeTaganman (igulisxmeba ioane zedaznelis mowafe ioseb

alaverdeli) aRaSena alaverdi, romlisagan gamovlen didni

sakÂrvelebani, vidre dRendelad dRedmde~ (xalvaSi 1998).

wm. giorgi ~swavebiT ganaZlierebs~ mTavar personaJs – basils. TiTo-

euli saswauli ki zneobrivi magaliTis xasiaTs iRebs da arc Tu

iSviaTad mTavrdeba moraluri SegonebiT, riTac nawarmoebi folklorul

teqstebs uaxlovdeba. ~wm. giorgis axal saswaulTa~ avtoris xalxur

samyarosTan siaxlove imdenad didia, rom hagiografiul TxzulebaSi

Cndeba karnavalizebis elementebi. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa

moqmed pirTa narTauli saxelebi - bolok-basili (Sdr. : `boloka~),

`ponili~, `kuanili~, xaris saxelebi - `pirquSi~ da `qurda~. nawarmoebSi

vxvdebiT wm. giorgis xumrobasac (`laRoba~): is qvis ganapobSi Caayenebs

bolok-basilis da iqeT-aqeTidan qvebs SemoaWers, bolos ki gauSvebs da

Seagonebs mas: `wmidaman, reca sicilis saxed da laRobisa, ganzidna mas

ganapebsa qvaTasa da hrqua: aRmoxed da nu xar mowyinare msaxurebisa

Cemisa da srul-qmen taZari Cemio~. sxva epizodSi wm. giorgi enamoCleqil

xelosans gamoajavrebs da patara bavSviviT dauZaxebs: `baCilo!~, riTac

avtori wm. giorgis familarobas ~qristeSi CvilebTan~ (1 kor. 3. 1-3)

qadagebis mniSvnelobas aniWebs (xalvaSi 1998).

60

Txzulebaze darTul „anderZSi“ tbel abuserisZe erTian

saqarTvelos `srul saqarTvelos~ uwodebs, romelsac xvarazmelTa

saxiT `kacis mWamelni mgelni~ Semoesivnen. niSandoblivia, rom maT

gandevnas, Cveuli providencializmidan gamomdinare, mwerali

saqarTvelos zeciuri mfarvelis - wmida giorgis meoxebas miawers.

`anderZi~ warmoadgens abuserisZeebis sagvareulo matianes da

mogviTxrobs xixanis cixisa da eklesiis saswaulebrivi mSeneblobis

Sesaxeb. mTavari moqmedi piri am SemTxvevaSic wm. giorgia, radgan xixanis

wm. giorgis eklesia misi saxelobis iyo. eklesiis mSeneblobis dros

`mravalTa kacTa faTerakTagan Ãsnasa~ Tu @`srulisa saqarTvlos~

mtrebisagan gaTavisuflebas tbel abuserisZe saswaulebis kvalifikacias

aZlevs da gulmodgined CamoTvlis amgvar faqtebs: `qvisa^ dasacemelad

ganmzadebulisa^ mravalTa arRara mosawyuedelad gareukuqcevani; da

wamoqceulTa kldeTagan mSvidobiT Ãsnani mravalTani; da zaris

gansaÃdelad maRalsa da tialsa adgilsa STasaWrelad ganmzadebulTa

kacTa da ferÃCacTumilTa aRmoyvanebiT Ãsnani; da mravalTa muSakobiT

moqmedTa^ qvismqnelTa da TanaSemweTa maTTa^ xangZlad sasneulod

ganmzadebulTa^ meyseulni kurnebani; da kacis mWamelTa mgelTa otebani

sruliad sazRvarTa Sina srulisa saqarTveloisaTa winaSe missa

litaniobiTa~ (abuserisZe 1998: 67).

ufro adre, guzan abulasanisZis gandgomis dros, `mterTa zeda

gacemulni xixanis~ gamoxsnaSic uSualod wm. giorgi monawileobda:

`wmida igi axoani giorgi RamiT varskulavis saxed gamouCndis da xma-

uyvis, viTarca xorcielman da aswavis gzai Sesasuleli. esreT daicvna

amas sazarelsa kldesa CaWrisagan da gviboZna xixani xelTave~ _ wers

tbel abuserisZe. es saswauli gvagonebs didgoris omisa da baxtrionis

ajanyebis cnobil epizodebs, roca qarTvelTa laSqars wm. giorgi

Seeweoda mterTan brZolis dros.

didgoris omis dros, rogorc mematiane gadmogvcems: `wminda mowame

giorgi gancxadebulad da yovelTa saxilvelad winauZRoda mas da

mklaviTa TvsiTa mosrvida zed amowevnulTa urjuloTa maT warmarTTa,

romel TvT igi urjuloni da umecarni moRmarT aRiarebdes da

61

mogvTxrobdes saswaulsa amas mTavarmowamis giorgissa~ (qarTlis

cxovreba 1955: 341).

besarion baraTaSvil-orbeliSvilis (1724-1737) monaTxrobis mixedviT

ki, sparselebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi `qarTveli qristiani jaris win

haerSi ixilveboda TeTr bedaurze amxedrebuli lamazi Wabuki, romelic

musrs avlebda mters~. Bbaxtrionis ajanyebis dros, 1660 wels,

gadmocemiT, xilulad qarTvelTa jars win miuZRoda TeTr bedaurze

amxedrebuli mxedari: `cxensa zeda spetaksa elvis saxed mimomsrboli

winamZRolad maTda~ (bubulaSvili 2009: 93).

tbel abuserisZis hagiografiuli moTxroba eZRvneba, wm. giorgis

qarTul saswaulTmoqmed taZrebs, romelTa Soris centraluri adgili

ukavia Suartylis wm. giorgis eklesiis saswaulebriv mSeneblobas.

Suartylis taZars mkvlevarebi XII saukunis pirveli naxevriT aTariReben,

radgan verc basils da verc mis Svil ivanes (iovanes) tbel abuserisZe

cocxlebs ver moswrebia. igi mxolod ivanes Svils – mRvdelmonazon

iosebs icnobda, romelic moTxrobis daweris dros ukve gardacvlili

iyo. iosebi moswrebia xvarazmelTa saqarTveloSi Semosevas (1225–1230 w.)

da maleve gardacvlila. tbel abuserisZisTvis masve uambnia Suartylis

wm. giorgis taZris mSeneblobis ambebi: „momiTxrobdes romelsame netari

ioseb, Ze ivanesi... da romelsame maxlobelni misni“ – wers igi.

cxmorisis wm. giorgi Suartylis taZarze Zveli yofila. kuanilisa

da ponilis saswaulic XII saukunemde momxdara, rogorc amas tbel

abuserisZe gvauwyebs: „romeli iyo ese saswauli uwinares amis

sakvirvelisa (e. i. Suartyalis taZris) aRSenebisa“. aqedan gamomdinare,

cxmorisis taZars XI saukuniT aTariReben.

cxmorisi uZvelesi qarTuli sofelia. misi saxelwodeba ukavSirdeba

floronim cxemlis lazur Sesatyviss „cxemur–s“ da warmoadgens misgan

nawarmoeb nagenetivar saxels, romelsac darTuli aqvs saxelobiTi

brunvis niSani: cxmor–is–i. analogiuri Sinaarsis toponimia cxeml–is–i,

Tumca mas safuZvlad udevs floronimis qarTuli saxelwodeba. amave

floronimis svanuri Sesatyvisisgan, cxum–isgan, warmosdgeba toponimi

soxumi (lazuri fuZeebi aWaris toponimikaSi xSirad gvxvdeba. magaliTad,

cxmirisis msgavsad, lazuri fuZis nagenetivari forma dasturdeba

62

cxmorisis mezobeli soflis WyaniSis dasaxelebaSi (fuZe „Wyon“ muxas

aRniSnavs), Tanac masSi naTesaobiTi brunvis niSanic lazuria: Wyan–iS).

Sua saukuneebSi cxmorisi ganTqmuli yofila wm. giorgis saxelobis

eklesiiT, romelsac mraval saswauls ukavSirebdnen. erT–erTi aseTi

saswauli cnobil mweral tbel abuserisZes (1190–1250) aqvs aRwerili

hagiografiul TxzulebaSi „axalni saswaulni wmidisa giorgisni“. am

TxzulebaSi pirvelad gvxvdeba sofel cxmorisis saxelwodeba: „dabasa

erTsa, romelsa ewodebis cxmorisi“. Aaseve raWaSicaa sofeli, romelsac

cxmori hqvia.

cxmorisis wm. giorgis eklesia ierarqiulad eqvemdebareboda

quTaisis mitropolits, rogorc amas XVI saukunis mesxuri dokumenti

„samcxe–saaTabagos mRvdelT–mTavarni da mwyemsni“ gvamcnobs: „aWara

dandalos qvemoiTi quTaTlis samwyso yofila“.

tbel abuserisZis Txzulebidan vgebulobT, rom mwerali Tavad

stumrobda cxmorisis wm. giorgis eklesias da saswaulic aqve Cauweria.

Cans isic, rom cxmorisis mkvidrebi yovelTvis did imeds amyarebdnen

TavianT mfarvel wmindanze da amayobdnen wm. giorgis saswaulTmoqmedi

taZriT, romlis winac ori cxmoriseli xelosnis, kuanilisa da ponilis,

tyveobidan Tavdaxsnis saxsovrad borkilebs inaxavdnen.

cxmorisel kuanils borkilebi madlierebis niSnad Seuwiravs wm.

giorgis taZrisTvis da es reliqvia tbel abuserisZis drosac eklesiis

win TvalsaCino adgilze iyo gamofenili: „awca hkidvan borkilni igi

winaSe missa“ – gvauwyebs mwerali.

vin iqyvnen kuanili da ponili?

mkvlevarTa azriT, orive maTganis saxeli narTaulia. aseTi

Serqmeuli saxeli aqvs tbel abuserisZis moTxrobis mTavar personaJsac:

basils „boloki“ erqva (Sdr.: cnobili qarTuli filmis „Rimilis

biWebis“ moqmedi gmiris baaduris narTauli saxeli _ „boloka“), xandaxan

ki mas patara bavSvis msgavsad enamoCleqiT „baCilosac“ eZaxdnen, radgan

„basilica netari mcired enabrgunvili iyo“.

tbel abuserisZis hagiografiul TxzulebaSi narTauli saxelebis

amgvari simravle niSandobliv faqtad unda CaiTvalos, radgan avtori

63

xalxuri gadmocemebiT sargeblobda, xalxur–karnavalur samyaroSi ki

yvelaferi sasacilod gaiazreboda.

i. sixaruliZe miiCnevs, rom „kuanili“ gamkilavi saxeli unda iyos,

rac araa gamoricxuli, xolo ponili unda momdinareobde aWaraSi

gavrcelebuli vazis jiSisagan. z. kiknaZis dakvirvebiT, es ori narTauli

saxeli SeiZleba ganvixiloT „baCilos“ analogiurad, iumoristul

aspeqtSi, rogorc „(gamo)yvanilisa“ da „po(v)nilis“ enamoCleqiTi

variantebi. am mosazrebas saswaulis Sinaarsic uWers mxars, radgan

kuanili marTlac gamoxsnilia (anu Zvel qarTulad – „gamoyvanili“).

wm. giorgis mier tyveTa gamoxsnis saswaulebi mTel msoflioSi iyo

cnobili. amis gamo did kapadokiel wmindans „tyveTa mxsnelsac“

uwodebdnen da troparSi amgvarad mimarTavdnen:

„tyveTa ganmaTavisuflebelo

da glaxakTa xelis aRmpyrobelo,

sneulTa mkurnalo

da mefeTa uZlevelo winambrZolo,

RvawliT Semosilo, dido mowameo, giorgi,

evedre qristesa RmerTsa

Sewyalebad sulTa CvenTaTvis“.

cxmorisis mkvidri xelosnebi kuanilic da ponilic, roca

siRaribisgan TavdasaRwevad („Roned siglaxakisa Tvisisa“) sparseTis

sazRvarTan axlos saSovarze („mosarewlad“) iyvnen wasulni da

mahmadianebma („agarianTa“) daatyveves, wm. giorgis Seevedrnen

ganTavisuflebas: kuanili gulmodgined marxulobda, ponili „mcired

urwmuno iqmna“, Tumca isic evedreboda wmindans da roca giorgobis

dResaswauli dadga, wm. giorgi gamoecxada maT, orive aRitaca da

kuanili („romelman umetesi aCvena sarwmunoeba“) umalve („meysa“)

cxmorisis eklesiis karTan dasva, ponili ki („urwmuno qmnisaTvis“)

mxolod saqarTvelos sazRvarTan moiyvana. am ukanasknelma didi

gaWirvebiT, „ZliTRa slviT“, moaRwia mSobliur soflamde.

kuanilis da ponilis ambis popularobis mizezi naTelia. garda

imisa, rom igi cxmorisis wm. giorgis saswaulTmoqmedebas Seexeboda,

moralur swavlebasac Seicavda. igi jer cxmorisis taZris

64

momlocvelebs, xolo Semdeg tbel abuserisZis moTxrobis yvela

mkiTxvels martiv WeSmaritebas STaagonebda, rom RvTis rwmena da

qristianuli msaxureba gulmodginebas saWiroebda.

Cven ar viciT, ra profesiis adamianebi iyvenen kuanili da ponili,

magram cxadia, rom isini am xelobiT gasamrjelos Rebulobdnen, ojaxs

arCendnen da samuSaod saqarTvelos Soreul regionebSic dadiodnen.

xelosani iyo tbel abuserisZis moTxrobis mTavari personaJi bolok–

basilic da masac Suartyalidan Sors – qvemo qarTlSi („qveyanasa

somxiTisasa, maxlobelad Tfilisisasa“) uxdeboda „mosarewlad“

siaruli. swored somxiTSi gamoecxada mas wm. giorgi da SuartyalSi

eklesiis ageba daavala. basili qviTxuro iyo, SesaZlebelia, qviTxuroebi

iyvnen kuaneli da ponilic. „napiri warmarTTa“, sadac isini

datyvevebamde muSaobdnen, saqarTvelos aRmosavleT sazRvars

gulisxmobs. aqedan isini sparselebs gautacebiaT da „Sinagan sparseTSi“

wauyvaniaT, SirvanSi, ganZaSi an azerbaijanSi, saidanac saswaulebrivad

dauxsniaT Tavi.

sagulisxmoa, cxmorisis mkvidrTa kuanilTan Sexvedris epizodi.

giorgobis dResaswaulze mTeli sofeli wm. giorgis taZarSi imyofeboda,

roca maT tyveobidan gamoxsnili kuanili gamoecxada: „ixiles ra mun

SemokrebulTa dResaswaulobad, adidebdes yovelnive didsa mas mowamesa

giorgis“.

RvTisa da misi wmindanebis madidebelni cxmorisis dabaSi yovelTvis

mravlad yofilan, 1570–iani wlebis Semdegac, roca aWaris sxva

soflebTan erTad cxmorisic osmalebma daipyres da islamis gavrceleba

daiwyes. cxmorisis wm. giorgis eklesiam XVIII saukunis 30–ian wlebamde

iarseba da am periodSi, umrevlod da ufunqciod darCenili, nangrevebad

iqca: „ZvelaT aq didi eklesia yofila. 1730–ian wlebSi dauqceviaT“ –

wers z. WiWinaZe. ase tragikulad dasrulda erTi didi periodi am patara

qarTuli soflis istoriaSi (abaSiZe 2012: 33).

cxmorisSi dResac aris adgili - `naoSvari~ // nasaydrali _ romlis

etimologias wm. giorgis saswaulsa da osmalur agresias ukavSireben.

gadmocemis Tanaxmad `XVI s. -Si Cvenma winaprebma sZlies osmalebs. maTi

STamagonebeli Zala ki wm. Ggiorgi yofila. momxdurebma gaiges qarTveli

65

vaJkacebis `saidumloeba~, ris gamoc miwasTan gaaswores eklesia da

saydari, nangrevebi ReleSi gadayares. am adgils axla nasaydrali hqvia.

(gazeTi `kolmeurne~ qeda, d. ananiZe 24. 5. 1977 w _ ixileT danarTi #93).

cxadia, osmalebs swored is cnobili eklesia gausworebiaT miwasTan,

romlic tbel abuserisZis `saswaulni wmindisa mowamisanSi~ vxdebiT.

cxmorisis wm. giorgis saswauli daculia sxva xalxur TqmulebaSic,

romelic `naomvars // naomvals~ Seexeba: `Turqobis Jams windaxedul

cxmoriselebs am ferdobze, mTis meore ferdamde, gvirabi gauTxriaT ise,

rom meore bolomde ar gasulan. Mmtris erT-erTi Semosevis dros

qarTvelebs Tavi gvirabisTvis SeufarebiaT. Oosmaloebs midamo

dauTvalierebiaT da sxva gasasvleli rom ver unaxavT, gvirabis TavSi

dabanakebulan imis imediT, rom qarTvelebi wyurvilsa da SimSils ver

gauZlebdnen da gvirabidan gamovidodnen. amasobaSi qarTvelebs gvirabi

bolomde gauTxriaT, mTis meore ferdobze gasulan da mters zurgidan

dasxmian Tavs. Mmxolod erTi askeri gadarCenila da sulTanTan ambavi

miutania, qarTvelebs viRac `wminda giorgi~ exmarebodaT da amitomac

gvZlieso. sulTans axali laSqari gamougzavnia cxmorisisaken. Aam

laSqars gzad sami Zma Seupyria da maTTvis megzuroba dauvalebia. Zmebs

imdeni mouxerxebiaT, rom mteri Sor-Sori gziT utarebia. amasobaSi

qarTvelebs SeutyviaT mtris Semosevis ambavi, Sekrebilan da mters

saTanadod daxvedrian. marTalia, osmaloebs samive Zma dauxocavT, magram

qarTvelebs arc maTgan dautovebiaT ambis wamRebi. brZolis

adgilisaTvis xalxs `naomvari/naomvali uwodebia~ (noRaideli 2010: 242 -


wm. Ggiorgi didad popularuli yofila aWaraSi, wmindanis

saxelobis eklesiebi iyo _ xixanSi, cxmorisSi, WvanaSi, jixanjurSi,

xinoSi, SubanSi, gvaraSi, xucubanSi, dagvaSi, aWyvaSi, xalaSi, xuloSi.

maTs CamonaTvals Seicavs S-1702 xelnaweri (1744 w.): `locvai yovlisa

senisa mkurnali... wmidao giorgi Cxarisao... xonisao... ilorisao...

sujunisao... WinaTisao... amaRlebisao... gorisao... dvabzuisao... Wvanisao...

vakisjvrisao... gogoreTisao... konWkaTisao... jixanjurisao... SuSaneTisao...

gvarameTisao... xucubnisao... dagvisao... Caqvisao... sakurTxevlisao... tyveTa

mxsnelo~ (qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba^ yofili qarTvelTa Soris

66

wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis S koleqcia, ^ t. III, ^ e.

metrevelis redaqciiT^ Tb., 1963, gv. 165).

aseve wm. Ggiorgis saxelTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli aWaraSi

daculi toponimebi: gorgaulis xevi (s. bzubzu), gorginauli (s. vaio),

gorgivli (s. xaraula, qiZiniZeebi), giorgilaqedi (s. tomaSeTi),

gorgimeleTi (s. tomaSeTi), gorgaulebi (s. Caisubani), sofeli gorgaZeebi

(qobuleTisa da xulos raionebi) da sxva.

`religiur_sakulto warmomavlobis toponimebidan yvelaze

gavrcelebuli wminda giorgis saxelTan dakavSirebuli toponimuri

Tqmulebebi Cans, rac xalxis sarwmunoebriv warmodgenebTan erTad TviT

wminda giorgis popularobas unda ganepirobebina. rogorc saistorio da

hagiografiul Txzulebebze dayrdnobiT, samecniero literatura

gvamcnobs, wminda giorgis kultma mtkice adgili daimkvidra qarTvelTa

religiur mrwamsSi (qurasbediani 2001: 74).

metad sainteresoa r. erisTavis monacemebi, romlis mixedviTac

cageris raionis (leCxumi) sofel alpanasa da aWaraSi ician wm. giorgis

dResaswauli (23 aprili). alpanaSi sWamen xorcsac am dResaswaulze,

aWaraSi ki Seeqcevian pur-Rvino-lobios `mravalJamieriT~, ician wirva,

galoba da a. S. (r. erisTavi, 1986: 23). alpanas mezobeli sofeli aWara,

romelic aWaridan wasulebis mier unda iyos daarsebuli (beqiriSvili,

1990: 74). Tu es asea, maSin imdroindel alpanelebs giorgobis

dResaswaulis varianti aWaridan wauRiaT, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom

aWaraSi am dRes xorcs ar Wamdnen da pur-Rvinos Seeqceodnen (T.

futkaraZe 2007: 88-89).

wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia yofila TeTrosani (igi sofel

gvara-xucubnis ganapiras mdebareobs). es toponimi gxvdeba svaneTSic,

kerZod, sof. SkedSi nasaydrals TeTrosani ewodeba (giorgaZe 1989: VII).

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom TeTrosani warmarTuli xanis toponimia,

romelic TeTri giorgis (igive wminda giorgis) kultTanaa

dakavSirebuli (ioseliani 1973: 47-54) mkvlevari r. surmaniZe toponim

`TeTrosnans~ akavSirebs `amiranianTan~: `badro maTxove TeTroni~.

TeTroni TeTri raSia da es toponimi wminda giorgis cxenze migvaniSnebs.

saxelwodeba `TeTrosani~ warmarTuli droidan modis, berZnuli

67

`levkoTea~ swored TeTrosnis Targmani unda iyos. eWvi araa, rom es

saxeli amave dros TeTr giorgis ukavSirdeba da amitomac daaqves aq

aSenebul taZars wminda giorgis saxeli (r. surmaniZe 2007: 14).

toponim TeTrosnis Zireuli nawilia `TeTri~, xolo _ osani _

sufiqsia, romelic daerTvis arsebiT saxels, awarmoebs zedsarTavs da

aRniSnavs raimes mqoneblobas: mandil-osan-i, gvirgvin-osan-i, orden-osan-

i... (jorbenaZe, kobaiZe, beriZe 1988: 353).

TeTrosnis mSeneblobas wminda giorgis saxeldebas ukavSirebda

amave soflelSi Cawerili Tqmuleba: `am sofelSi eklesia rom

Sendeboda, aSenebis dros aq mosula TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli kaci da

mas uugia es eklesia, amitom am eklesiisTvis TeTrosani duurqmeviaT

(bauJaZe dariko, 43 w. Mmcx. sof dagva (xucubanSi) Caviwere 2007 w -


qobuleTis mosaxleoba TeTrosans wminda adgilad miiCnevda da mis

wabilwvas did codvad Tvlida. taZris nangrevebTan SesawiraviTac

midiodnen da sakvebTan erTad fulic mihqondaT. amaze metyvelebs bolo

dros eklesiis nangrevebTan aRmoCenili sxvadasxva drois monetebi.

sanTels anTebdnen da mZime avadmyofebic mohyavdaT, loculobdnen da

RmerTs evedrebodnen mis gankurnebas.

sainteresoa zaqaria WiWinaZis Canaweri, romelic igi sofel

alambars eZRvneba. 1890 wels avtorma imogzaurma kintriSis xeobaSi,

xolo Tavisi SaTabeWdilebebi 1891 wels wignad gamosca, romelSic wers,

rom alambarSi erT alagas eklesiis qvebi hyria. Aam eklesias wminda

giorgi SuSaneTisas uwodeben. Amas xalxi dResac hscems pativs.

mkvlevars erTi qvis gverdiT ori koSti wminda sanTlis naWeric upovnia:

`erTze 3 kap. iyo mikruli, xolo meoreze 2 kap. erTi kviris wineT

SeewiraT es fuli erTi ojaxidan, radganac maT erTi bavSvi gaxdomodaT

avad~. Aaqve swiraven xolme Tafls, saWmels da mamlebs, romlebsac

naSTebis gverdiT toveben da mas arc erTi qarTveli mahmadiani xels ar

axlebs (WiWinaZe 1891: 18). es Canaweri CvenTvis sainteresoa qobuleTis

soflebSi bolo dromde qristianuli wes-Cveulebebis Senaxvis Seswavlis

TvalsazrisiT, agreTve imiTac, rom saSualeba gveZleva davadginoT

SuSaneTis wminda giorgis eklesiis adgilsamyofeli, rom masSi maWaxlis

68

xeobis SuSaneTi ki ar igulisxmeba, aramed alambris SuSaneTi. 1944 wlis

eqspediciis monawileni gvaraSi Seswrebian `TeTrosnobis~ dResaswauls,

romelic Semdeg avTandil ioselianis naSromSic aisaxa. mkvlevari am

dResaswaulsa da kaxeTis TeTrgiorgobas Soris paralels avlebs da

mraval msgavsebas naxulobs (ioseliani 1973: 151).

3. 3. qristianobasTan dakavSirebuli makro_toponimuri


aWaris qristianul cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia

sxalTis eklesias: `sxalTis eklesia erTaderTi Zeglia aWariswylis

xeobaSi, romelmac mTliani saxiT moaRwia Cvenamde saqarTvelos

teritoriaze dacul xuroTmoZRvrul ZeglTa Soris sapatio adgili

ukavia. sxalTis taZari, sxva Tanadroul ZeglebTan erTad afarToebs

Cvens warmodgenas aWarisa da, saerTod, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos

Sua saukuneebis istoriaze~ (mamulaZe 1993: 74-75).

sxalTis xeoba Sua saukuneebSi sakmaod dawinaurebuli regioni iyo.

aq gadioda aWaridan artaanisken mimavali umoklesi gza. kuTxis

kulturuli aRmavloba saqarTvelos politikur–ekonomikuri Zlierebisa

da aWaraSi abuserisZeTa mmarTvelobis periods ukavSirdeba.

abuserisZeebi gansakuTrebuli siqveliTa da RvTismsaxurebiT

gamoirCeodnen. xixanis wm. giorgis eklesiis garda, aWaraSi maT mier aris

agebuli vernebisa da Txilvanis eklesiebi. sxalTis taZris ageba da

freskebiT Semkobac abuserisZeTa saxels unda ukavSirdebodes. Zegls 1939

wels Cautarda gazomva-gamokvleva, 1944 wels ki damatebiTi masalebis

Segrovebis da analizis safuZvelze dadginda, rom sxalTis taZari XIII

saukunis Sua wlebs ganekuTvneba. samxreTis karibWe cota mogvianebiT

aris miSenebuli. 1957 da 1989 wlebSi Catarebuli sarestavracio

samuSaoebis Sedegad (restavratorebi l. ximSiaSvili, l. oTaraSvili)

taZari kvlav ganaxlda, 1990 wlidan ki moqmed eklesiaTa rigSi Cadga.

axla sxalTis eparqiis sakaTedro taZaria.

xalxSi SemorCenili zepiri Tqmulebebi sxalTis taZris agebas

Tamar mefis saxels ukavSirebs da arc mis amSenebel ostats iviwyebs.

69

sxalTasTan dakavSirebiT zepiri gadmocemebi yvelaze adre z.

WiWinaZem Caiwera: `Cveni qristianobis dros scxovrobda erTi mefe,

romelsac saxelad Tamar dedofali erqva. Aam mefes cxovreba didad

uyvarda. erTxel am xeobisaken mounda gamovla da darCena im alagas,

sadac dRes sxalTis eklesia sdgas. aq yofila erTi didi msxlis xe,

romelic Tavisi totebiT mTel mis teritorias Crdilavda da hfaravdao.

Tamar dedofalma is xe sizmarSi naxa da meore dRes brZana, aq eklesia

unda gavakeToo. ramdenime xnis Semdeg eklesiisTvis Senobis mzadeba

daiwyes. male im cnobil xesac dauwyes moWra, magram ramdensac

moWridnen im xes, imdenjer imas meore dRes isev ise SeerTebuls, mTels

xedavdnen. xalxma veraferi gaawyo da Sewuxda Zlier. Bbolos erTma

daariga ase, dRes xe mosWraT, monaWer Zirs culebi daurWeT da ise

datoveT amaRam da xval, hoda aRar SeerTdebao. xe mosWres, culebi ise

daurWes, im Rames isev datoves. meore dRes mividnen da naxes rom xe

moWrilia, aRar SeerTebia, culebic isev winandeburad datovebulni

iyvneno. male daiwyes eklesiis keTeba. Eeklesiis erTi karebi swored iq

moaqcies, sadac is didi xe idga. karebSi or alagas misi boZebi gauSves,

romelzedac unda SeebaT eklesiis karebi. Dda ai swored is xeebi,

romlebic dRes karebSia Catanebuli, es swored im xisagan aris

darCenili. sxalTa kidev imisTvis darqmevia am eklesias. imis Seneba

dauwyviaT, es ambavi mTel sam mxaris xalxs gaugia da vinc am adgilidan

Sors iyvnen da ver xedavdnen eklesiis Senobas, isini iseT pirs

kiTxavdnen xolme, romelTac eklesiis Senoba enaxaT: _ did eklesias sad

akeTebeno? mnaxvelni miugebdnen: `msxalTan“ didi msxlis xe rom dgaso.

Ees xe yvelas codnia maSin da Semdeg droebSi sityva msxalTan sxalTad

gadakeTdao (WiWinaZe 1895: N172)_ixileT danarTi #96).

analogiuri Sinaarsis legenda Cauweria Tedo saxokias, Tumca,

zaqaria WiWinaZisgan gansxvavebiT, es Tqmuleba exeba mSenebeli ostatis

ambavsac: `mis mSeneblad gamorCeuli ostati yofila mowveuli. Oostats

saWiro qvis masalas Segirdi umzadebda erTi kldis Ziras, sxalTidan

naxevar dRis savalze. gamoCenil ostats Segirdic Tavis Sesaferi

hyolia. ukanasknels windawin gamouangariSnia, ramdeni qvac

dasWirdeboda taZris damTavrebas da swored imdeni moumzadebia, arc

70

meti da arc naklebi. Oostats Seneba rom daumTavrebia, gamosacdelad

SegirdisaTvis SeuTvlia, qva damaklda da momawodeo. Segirds Tamamad

SeuTvlia: rac gamogigzavne, is eyofoda, meti saWiro ar ariso. Oostats

swyenia Tavisi Segirdis mixvedriloba: axlave rom aseTi niWi gamoiCina

da majoba, mere raRa iqnebao?... eklesiis saxuravidan gadmoSvebula da

Tavi gaufuWebia” (saxokia 1985: 301-302)_ixileT danarTi #100).

sxalTis mSenebels Seexeba z. Tandilavas mier Cawerili gadmocemac:

`sxalTaSi rom eklesia ari, imis keTeba rom duuwyian, aqedan iqaur

ustiza xeli xelSi muucemian qva da ise gakeTebula eklesia. xirxaTis

cixis usta imdenza usta yofila, rom aqaur ustebma sasinjvelad

douZaxes, rom qva gamogzavneo, rom gakeTda. Aaman dauZaxa, rom saWiro

aRar ari, moTavdao. Ggoukvirdebian, ramdoni usta aris is usta, ra

mixta, rom Cven aq qilise gavakeToTo. ise ityvian, rom eklesiis ustas

uTqvams, rom igi Cemze didi usta yofilao, gadmovardnila eklesiidan

da momkvdara~ (bskifa #8, 71-72, mTq. SainiZe xusein SaxisZe, 52 w.

Tandilava, 1958 - ixileT danarTi #97).

z. Tandilavas mier Caweril masalaSi aseve srulyofilia sxalTis

eklesiis mSeneblobis legendac: `Turme pirvelad roca deiwyes eklesiis

ageba, am dros eklesiis safuZveli gamozomili iqna yinCauris Sua

centrSi. Aam centrTan yofila erTi didi sxali. Zalian sxvili yofila.

mis moWra mouwadinebian, douwyvian Wra. sisxvilis gamo ramodenime kacs

uWria da ver muuWrian. rodesac Wriden, im dRes darCeboda mouWreli.

meore dRes rom movidoden, miduRebuli yofila. Aam dros erT gamocdil

kacs SekiTxebian, rom Cven ver vamTavrebT mis moWras, roca mivalT, isev

miduRebulia da rogor meviqceTo. Aam dros etyvis es gamocdili kaci:

`culebi SiT SetieT, nu gamoiRebT da ar SeduRdebao”. marTlac datoves

culi, wevden. roca dilas moviden, rom namdvilad ar miduRebula. Aase

moiWra is sxali. Ddaiwyes aq safuZveli. `sad keTdeba eklesia?” erTmaneT

ekiTxeboden. Uupasuxebden `sxalTan”. amiT darCenilia saxelwodeba

`sxalTa”. Ees eklesiis masala gadmotanili yofila Tennaridan, Tennaris

seridan. Aaq yofila qvis maragi da maxarai gadmouzidvan. misi safuZveli

im eklesiis kidev iqven aris. im qvis naSTi kidev iqven ari. Qqvis maragTan

iq gamodebulia rkinis zenjiri. im adgils ki ewodeba `zenjir kilde”.

71

Aam muSaobis periodSi gayofili iyo ustiebi or nawilad_mSenebeli da

masalis damamzadebeli. roca damTavrebis periodSi midga saqme, am dros

mSenebelma SeuTvala, rom me mWirdeba `amdeneTi masala”. iman moswera

xamaT, rom `Sen magdoni kia ar gWirdeba, namdvilad gWirdeba amdoneTi”.

Ddagegmis gamoangariSebiT sworad uTxra qvis dammzadebelma. Aam dros

roca es werili ustas muutanen, am ustas ufiqria am mSenebels Cemze

meti codnia gamoangariSebiTo. Ddufiqria da javri muutania da, TiTqos

gadmovardnila Senobidan. Mmisi saflavi eklesiis gverdze iyo.

am eklesias umoqmedia ramodenime xans da, roca samulimano

Semosula, maSin kido darCenila es eklesia da erTi papi yofila. igi

dadioda. am papidan darCenilia gvari papoSvilebi. igi axla soflis

saxelia. igi, papi, eklesiaSi dadioda, locvilobda. samuslimanos Semdeg

eklesiis gverdiT jame guukeTebian. Eis jame damwvara da eklesiaSi

ulocavs xalxs. qarTvelebi wesis mixedviT loculobdnen. Mmuslimanebi

hiblisken locvilobdnen (Tandilava, bskifa #23, gv. 46. mTq. jumuSaze

niaz rezayis Ze, 30 w. Subani, Camw. T. zosiZe).

zurab Tandilavas CanawerebSi sxalTis taZris Semdgom bedzecaa

saubari: `am eklesias umoqmedia ramodenime xans da roca samuslimano

Semosula, maSin kido darCenila es eklesia da erTi papi yofila. igi

dadioda. Aam gvaridan darCenila `papoSvilebi~. igi axla sofelis

saxelia. igi, papi, eklesiaSi dadioda, loculobda~ (Tandilava, inst. f.

17. gv. 71-72).

erTi Tqmulebis mixedviT `sofel papoSvilebSi cxovrobda Rrmad

moxucebuli RvTismsaxuri _ papi, romelic saeklesio piri yofila. Ees

papi `momwvari”//,,koreWi~-dan (gora, romelic sxalTisa da papoSvilebis

mosazRvre) yoveldRe sxalTaSi gadadioda da wirvas eswrebodao... am

sofelsac mis sapativcemulod es saxeli darqmeviao“ (l. futkaraZe,

dabadebuli sofel cecxlaurSi da mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, Caviwere

2004 wels - ixileT danarTi #98).

sxalTis taZris mSeneblobaze arsebul gadmocemas amJamadac

TiTqmis ucvlelad inaxavs xalxis mexsiereba: `saqarTveloSi mtris

Semosevebis dros Tamar mefe Tavs aWaraSi afarebda. erTxel Tamar mefes

aq dasveneba gadauwyveti, meore dRes Tamar mefes da mis mxleblebs roca

72

adgili dauTvalierebiaT, gadauwyvetiaT. Aam adgilas eklesia aeSenebiaT.

TamarisTvis ukiTxavT, Tu misi udidebulesoba sad isurvebda eklesiis

aSenebas, mas uTqvams, ai, im sxalTano. Eeklesiis adgilas mdgara didi

msxali, romelic Zalian farTo da msxvili yofila. eklesiis aSenebamde

am msxlis mosaWrelad oTxi-xuTi kaci misula da dauwyiaT msxlis

moWra, saRamos ki daunebebiaT da saxlebSi wasulan. meore dRes mosul

muSebs_xe sruliad mTeli daxvedriaT, xes culis danartyamic ki ar

emCneoda. Aase gavida oTxi dRe. Aam ambiT soflis yvela mcxovrebni

dainteresebulan. xis mWrelebs RamiT mougrovebiT SeSa, mTeli Rame

cecxli hqoniaT, ar dauZiniaT da es xe RamiT mouWriaT. Aam xis adgilas

ki auSenebiaT eklesia da misi saxelwodebac aqedan warmodgeba _

`sxalTa“. roca eklesias aSenebdnen, xalxi kiTxulobda, eklesia sad

Sendebao? isini ki pasuxobdnen _ sxalTano da swored mis saxels aqedan

Caeyara safuZveli. eklesiidan aTi kilometris daSorebiT yofila klde,

saidanac damuSavebul qvebs ezidebodnen. Kkldidan eklesiamde maxara-

jaWvi hqoniaT gakeTebuli da amiT gadaqondaT eklesiisTvis saWiro

masalebi. mSenebels Tavidanve Seumowmebia da ganusazRvravs qvis

raodenoba. roca mSenebloba damTavrebula, aRmoCnda, rom eklesiis

mSeneblobas mis navaraudze naklebi qva dasWirvebia. mSenebels es ver

autania. eklesiidan Camovardnila da momkvdara~ (mTqmeli mixeil SainiZe,

dabadebuli da mcxovrebi xulos raionis sofel sxalTaSi. 65 wlis.

Caiwera xaTuna SainiZe, mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi 2007 wels. Ppiradi

arqivi - ixileT danarTi #99).

sxalTis gadaRma, mareTis xeobaSi, kerZod, SuagoraSi, sxalTis

eklesiisTvis qvebs Tlidnen. Ooladaurel pedagog _ vaxtang makaraZes

aseTi gadmocema Cauweria: `ostati Sua goras qvas Tlida, mSeneblobis

damTavrebisas qvaze mikruli werili gaugzavnia _ es bolo qvaao.

mSenebels SemouTvlia, erTi qva aklia. Qqvis mTlels upasuxia:

RinjveTis mTis vakeze monaxeT. Qqvis mzidavebs iq darCenodaT da unaxavT

kidec”.

Suagora sxalTidan naxevari dRis savalzea, pirdapiri xaziT ki

manZili 5-6 kilometri iqneba. Aase, rom Suagoridan RinjveTamde, iqedan

73

ki sxalTamde sabagiro gzebis gabma ar gauWirdebodaT. Qqanebic did da

saSualo lodebadaa danapralebuli da gamosaTleladac mosaxerxebelia.

sxalTis taZris Sesaxeb arsebul gadmocemas, literaturasa da

folklorSi mravali paraleli eZebneba (ixileT danarTi #101).

pirvel rigSi, aRvniSnavT msgavsebas sveticxovlis aRmarTvis

saswaulTan. mirian mefe `quemo eklesias~ macxovris kvarTis daflvis

adgilze aSenebinebs, sadac libanis naZvi iyo aRmarTuli: `xolo dedani

igi iyvnes-ve kide. da aha vixile sueti igi cecxlis-saxed Camovidoda da

moeaxla xarisxsa mas Tჳssa. da viTar daemarTa, da dadga zeda xarisxsa

mas queyaniT aRSorebulad viTar aTormet wyrTa da neliad

Camoicvalebda Tჳssa-ve mas zeda nakueTsa, rameTu xarisxad iyo Ziri igi

misi, romlisagan mokueTil iyo sueti igi cxoveli~.

sxalTis taZris adgilze mdgari msxlis xis msgavsad, fSauri

Tqmulebis mixedviT, uWirT xoSaris goris muxis moWra, `romelic cas

swvdeboda Turme. am muxis Crdili xoSramde uwevda. muxis wverze oqros

Sibi ekida da zed angelozebi Camodiodnen cidan da muxis totebze

sxdebodnen~. swored `laSaris muxis moWris Semdeg misi nawilebi sadac

ecema RvTis salocav adgilad `niSebad~ rCeba: `laSaris muxam, sadac ki

dahkra wverebi waqcevisas, yvelgan niSebi daarsda~ (miTologiuri

enciklopedia ymawvilTaTvis 2004: 53-55).

samegreloSi Cawerili eTnografiuli masalis mixedviT, martvilSi

wm. andria mociqulma Semusra muxasTan aRmarTuli kerpi kapunia da mis

nacvlad jvari aRmarTa, xolo muxis ficrebisgan eklesia aaSena. am gad-

mocemis adreul variantSi SeiniSneba qarTuli literaturuli tra-

diciis kvali: `trapezi martvilis eklesiisa dadgmulia im muxis Zirze,

romelic mohkveTa andria mociqulma, odes megrelni moaqcia~. `muxis

Zirze~ trapezis dadgma, sxalTis taZris Tqmulebis msgavsad, gvagonebs

sveti-cxovlis aRmarTvas `xarisxsave TÂssa zeda~ (TayaiSvili 1914: 39).

oTxTaSic (TurqeTis teritoria), wvimis dros, mwyemss cxvrebi

eklesiaSi Seufarebia, mTidan mowyvetil mewyers ki fara mTlianad

gauJletia sxvaTaSoris, namewyralis kvali eklesiaSi axlac Cans”

(mTqmeli o. futkaraZe, 61 w. mcx. QbaTumSi, Cauweria 2012 w. TurqeTSi,

xelnawerTa uflebiT).

74

am yvelaferTan erTad mniSvnelovania, sxalTis mimdebare mTis

saxelwodebac, romelic SesaZlebelia, sxalTis eklesiasTanac iyos

kavSirSi. Ees aris adgili, romelsac `amaRleba~ ewodeba.

saerTod, aWara gamoirCeva qristianuli toponimebis siuxviT.

magaliTad: wmindiseri, nawirvali (naWarvali), nataZrali, Tarangelo,

sajvarebo, jvari, jvarTani, eliawminda, mariamwminda, mTavarangelo,

qaSveTi, qilisa saydrikari, kuntijvari, rkinijvari da a. S.

qristianobasTan uSualodaa dakavSirebuli Semdegi toponimebi: soflis

saxelebi xuloSi _ diakoniZeebi, dioknisi, dekanaSvilebi (gvarebi:

dekanosiZe, dekanaZe, dekanaSvili); qobuleTSi _ zeda da qveda kvirike;

qobuleTsa da xelvaCaurSi _ sameba. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania

qristianul samlocvelosTan dakavSirebuli toponimebi. eklesia hqvia

adgilebs sxalTaSi, samebaSi, axalSenSi; eklesiagverdi _ saTesi

kirnaTSi; naeklesiari _ saTesi zundagaSi, kolotaurSi, vanaZeebSi

(Rorjomi), aWyvaSi; naeklesievi _ buCqnari Rorjomis uban gorgaZeebSi,

tye boboyvaTSi; namonastrevi _ tye kvaStaSi, sofeli qedaSi (merisis

sakrebulo) saTesebi ganaxlebasa da eleliZeebSi (xulo); xatitye _

adgili kapnisTavSi; xatimamuli _ ubani zeda agaraSi (qeda), tye da

saTesi dologanSi, Cais nakveTi meZibnaSi; xristoqosi _ tye

fuSrukaulSi; beTlemi - qedi zeda agaraSi, mTa zesofelSi; saydari -

baRi kapnisTavSi, buCqnari maRlakonSi, saTesi xerTvisSi; saydriyeli _

ubani kvaStaSi, saTesi tunaZeebSi; saydarqveSi - saTesi inaSariZeebSi;

nasaydrali - adgili kaloTaSi, dRvanSi, buCqnari takiZeebSi; saZovari

kobalTaSi, saTesi TxilvanaSi; nasaydrevi - adgilebi maxunceTSi,

ZmagulaSi, gegeliZeebSi, ZenwmanSi, saRoreTSi, gundaurSi; naqilisvari

(nawarmoebia Turquli sityvisgan `qilise~ - eklesia) _ kibeSi, JanivrSi,

omboloSi, maxvilaurSi, zanaqiZeebSi; qilisekari – adgilebi WarnalSi,

sarfSi; qiliseseri _ saTibi pantnarSi; saydari - saTibi kortoxSi, tye

simoneTSi, buCqnari murvaneTSi, xucubani - sofeli qobuleTSi;

xuciSvilebi - ubani didaWaraSi; xurcialebi - saTesi zundagaSi; xucuri

- saTesi maxalakiZeebSi, saZovari furtiosa da didaWaris ubnebSi;

xuciqedi - ubani yinCaurSi; xucieri - ubani lomanaurSi; xucivake -

saTesi davlaZeebSi; xurcauli - saTesi RurtaSi; amaRleba - saTesi

75

ZmagulaSi; gorawminda - saTesi qedlebSi; ramdenime geografiuli

saxelis amosavalia mTavrangelozi: mTavarangelozi - saTesi da saZovari

WvanaSi, takiZeebSi, tye neniaSi, saTibi da saZovari wablanaSi (xulo),

saTesi kvatiaSi; saydrikari_adgili oladaurSi; Tavarangelozi (sof.

xeTvisi), Tavrangelo _ sof. maRlakoni, mTavarangelo _sof. kirnaTi -

yvela xelvaCauris raioni; Tarangelo (sof. wablana, xulos r. );

miqelwminda _ nakaduli da saTesi merisSi; samiqeluri - ubani sxefSi;

miqelauri - saTesi beselaSvilebSi (miqelwminda, niqalauri, samiqelauri

ukavSirdeba mTavarangeloz miqaelis saxels), eliawminda - saTesi

didaWaraSi, oqtombersa da SavaZeebSi; eliauri - saTesi paqsaZeebSi;

imarwminda - saTesi duaZeebSi; oqropilauri – sofeli SuaxevSi;

gorgiuli - ubani Suaxevis raionSi, venaxi da saTibi qiziniZeebSi, ubani

xaraulaSi (qedis r-ni); gorgila qedi - vanSi (Suaxevis r-ni);

gorgimeleTi - saTesi tomaSeTSi (Suaxevis r-ni). aWaraSi mravlad

gvxvdeba agreTve jvarTan dakavSirebuli toponimebi, saxeldobr: jvari -

ubani baraTaulSi, saTesi ganaxlebasa da dekanaSvilebSi, oqruaSvilebsa

da ZirkvaZeebSi; sajvareTesi – WerSi; jvarTani - buCqnari sacixurSi;

qvabijvari - mTa sacixurSi; kotajvari - buCqnari CaoSi; jvaredini -

saTesi uCxoSi; kobijvari - saZovari, romlis Sesaxeb cnobas gvawvdis

lisovski Rorjomis aRwerisas; wmindiseri – mTa mareTis xeobaSi (i.

beqiriSvili, 1990: 66-69; T. futkaraZe 2007: 88-89). jvariWoWi _ SubanSi;

rkinisjvari_sanaliis mTaze (Suaxevis raioni); mraval aseT toponimebTan

saintereso Tqmuleba-gadmocemebia dakavSirebuli.

wmindiseri TurqeT-saqarTvelos sazRvris neitralur zonaSi

mdebareobs, aqedan, ara marto mareTis xeobis midamoebi (dRvani, Subani)

aramed gogaZeebi, tbeTi, uCamba, cinareTi, Suaxevis yaleboinis cixe da

misi mimdebare teritoriebic ki mosCans. Ggasuli saukunis 40-ian wlebSi.

aq samecniero eqspediciam dazverviTi samuSaoebi Caatara. eqspediciis

xelmZRvanelis angariSSi naTqvamia: `mwvervalze aris vake adgili, sadac

erTmaneTTan 50 m. daSorebiT aris nangrevi, didi da patara, gaTlili da

gauTleli qvis grova; arc pirvelsa da arc meore nangrevSi kiris

naSTebi ar aRmoCnda. amJamad es adgili dafarulia naZvisa da fiWvis

xeebiT, Skeris xSiri buCqebiT, magram erT dros aq vake utyeo adgili

76

iqneboda ori religiuri xasiaTis SenobiT; Tu Senoba agebuli iyo kiris

gareSe da im dros kiri ar icodnen, rogorc saSeni masala es nagebobani

uZvelesi droindeli aris~ (rusiZe 1950: 28). amave eqspediciis wevrebs

wmindiseris qvemoT dauTvalierebiaT wmindiseris msgavsi nangrevebi. Aam

sers mosaxleoba, `naWirvalis~ sers eZaxis. rusiZis mosazrebiT xalxSi

gavrcelebuli saxelwodeba `naWirvaliseri~ ar unda iyos swori, is

damaxinjebulia da sinamdvileSi unda iyos `nawirvaliseri~;

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba damaxinjebulad gadmogvcems `Wvintiseri~-s

saxelsac, sinamdvileSi unda iyos `wmindiseri~ (rusiZe 1950: 28).

Aadgilobrivi toponimuri Tqmulebis mixedviT, saxelwodeba

`wmindiseri~ momdinareobs iqidan, rom aq wminda mamebi cxovrobdnen.

wmindiserze yofila seriozuli strategiuli cixe, romlis saSualebiT

momxvduris Semosvlas danarCen cixeebs _ Suaxevis yalaiboini, Subnis,

cinareTis cixeebi_agebinebdnen, cecxls daanTebdnen, raRac niSnebiT

axvedrebdnen mtris Semosvlaso. iqve yofila taZari da monasteri, sadac

wm. mamebi cxovrobdnen. mTqmelebi amtkiceben, rom es mamebi

wmindiseridan sajvareboSi Cadiodnen, risTvisac arsebobda specialuri

biliki, romelic ar ifareboda arc balaxiT da arc buCqebiT (mTq. Salva

gogitiZe dab da mcx. sofel qiZiniZeebSi - ixileT danarTi #102).

samwuxarod, amJamad, wmindiserze nangrevebis nasaxic ki aRar

arsebobs. Wvintiseris (saydari // nasaydrali) goraze ki fiqsirdeba

eklesiis gaTlili qvebi. qiZiniZeebis mkvidrni: avTandil abaSiZe,

aleqsandre abaSiZe, Salva gogitiZe, naTela miqelaZe, nanuli gogitiZe

da zia abaSiZe am adgilebs wminda adgilad asaxeleben. isini amtkiceben,

rom aq marto eklesia ki ara monasteric idga. maT naambobs met

damajereblobas matebs, nasaydralis qvemoT (saTibi, gzis ganapira

nawili, daaxloebiT 2 km-Si) oTxi wlis winaT aRmoCenili gvirabi,

romelic adasturebs aqaurTa naambobs, rom Znelbedobis Jams wminda

berebi gvirabis saSualebiT maragdebodnen wyliTa da sakvebiT. Aaseve,

savaraudoa, es gvirabi sajvarebosTan gadiodes, gvirabis amovseba

ucdiaT, magram bolomde ver mouxerxebiaT, igi amJamadac Riaa. Aam

gvirabs aqauri mkvidrni ukavSireben nangrevebs da amtkiceben, rom `am

gvirabis saSualebiT wminda mamebi Camodiodnen rogorc wyalze, aseve

77

Cadiodnen qvemoT kidev 2 km-Si, sofelTan axlos mdebare eklesiaSi,

romelsac sajvarebo hqvia. sajvarebosTan dakavSirebiT ki amboben, rom

Turqebis batonobis dros qiZiniZeebis mosaxleoba sajvareboSi

ipareboda da jvars iwerdao (mTq. r. abaSiZe, dab. da mcx. sof

qiZiniZeebSi 2010 w. piradi arqivi). es amtkicebs imas, rom sajvareboSic

eklesia yofila (miqelaZe 2011: 78-82)_ixileT danarTi #103; 104; 105).

`Tarangelo~ // Tavarangelo saxecvlili formaa mTavarangelozisa,

romelic mTavarangelozis salocavis adgilsamyoflis aRsaniSnavad

ixmareba. gadmocemebiT aWaraSi, uamravi mTavarangelozis eklesia unda

yofiliyo. maT Soris saqarTveloSi erT-erTi uZvelesi da pirvelia

andria pirvelwodebulis mier aSenebuli eklesia sofel didaWaraSi

romelsac dResac Tarangelos eZaxian. Eeklesiis nakvalevi aq dResac

SeiniSneba. sxalTis episkoposis meufe spiridonis TqmiT `aqedan miviReT

pirveli ziareba, aq iTqva pirveli aRsareba~. didaWaras man saqarTvelos

beTlemi uwoda (interviudan gaz. `baTumelebi~ 2007, #8). didaWaris

eklesiis Semdeg unda dawyebuliyo sxva eklesiebis mSenebloba aWaraSi

da maT Soris mTavarangelozis eklesiebisa, razec CamoTvlil adgilTa

saxelebic miuTiTebs (kaxiZe 2009: 335-336).

`Tarangelo~ ewodeba mTas Suaxevis raionSi, sofel neniis

CrdiloeTiT, Samanaurebis ubanTan axlos. zusti adgilsamyofeli

eklesiisa (naeklesiari) aravin icis, mxolod imas gadmogvcemen: `Zvel

droSi aq eklesia mdgara, Turqobis Semosvlis mere is adgilebi

miwasTan gausworebiaT. im tyes ki SerCenia es saxeli `Tarangelo~ (mTq.

S. miqelaZe, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel neniaSi, 70 w. piradi arqivi

_ ixileT danarTi #107).

osmalTa batonobis periodSi xalxs daviwyebia ,,Tarangelos”

WeSmariti Sinaarsi `xulos raionis sofel kvatiaSi daculi gadmocemis

mixedviT, Tarangelo Turquli Taran (`adgili”) da qarTuli

gveli//mgeli sityvebisganaa warmomdgari da aRniSnavs: `samgle adgils”.

arsebobs kidev erTi ucnauri Tqmuleba, gavrcelebuli s. fuSrukaulis

mcxovrebTa Soris: `Tamars jer augia sxalTis eklesia, Semdeg xixanSi

daupirebia cixis ageba. xalxs es ambavi Seutyvia da dalodebian sofel

kvatiaSi, sadac mefes unda gamoevlo. Yyvela mouTmenlad gascqeroda im

78

goras, romelzedac Tamari Tavisi amaliT gamoCndeboda. marTlac sul

male gamoCenila Tamar mefe. xalxs uyviria: `Tamar gel”, rac niSnavs:

`Tamari modis” (bedoSvili2001: 168). Acxadia, amgvari xalxuri

etimologiebi safuZvels moklebulia am kuTxis folkloruli masalebis

siuxvesa da Tematikas, isev mTavarangelozis saxelTan mivyavarT.

maWaxlis xeobaSi qristianobasTan dakavSirebuli geografiuli

saxelebidan gansakuTrebul yuradgebas iqcevs inawminda, igive

ninowminda, romelic amJamad TurqeTis sazRvrebSi moqceuli zeda

maWaxlis sofel qvabiTavs ekuTvnis. Aadgilobrivi mosaxleoba am adgils

dResac ase moixseniebs (gundariZe 2000: 28).

inawmindas Sesaxeb gadmocema metad mwiria. maWaxlis xeobaSi

mxolod is ician, rom inawmindas midamoebSi arsebobda nangrevebi, sadac

moxucebulni XX saukunis damdegamde raRac ritualebs asrulebdnen

(kaxiZe 2009: 335-336).

inawmindaze gadadioda SavSeT-imerxev-nigalisken mimavali gza,

riTac mosaxleoba istoriuli tao-klarjeTis saeklesio-samonastro

centrebs ukavSirdeboda. inawmindasTan dakavSirebiT z. WiWinaZe

mogzaurobis (XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebi) dros Cawerili gadmocemis

safuZvelze, werda: `karCxalis mTis qed-qed aris erTi didi mTa,

romelsac ninowminda ewodeba. Zvelad aq eklesia Tu monasteri yofila,

romelsac saxelad nino-wminda rqmevia. gaTaTrebis dros es eklesiac

dauqceviaT... xalxi dauxociaT. vinc darCenila, isinic aqeT-iqiT

soflebSi gaqceulan~ (WiWinaZe 2008: 60).

amave gadmocemis mixedviT, wminda ninos saxelze eklesia Tamar

mefis dros auSenebiaT. Mmasve miewereba xeobis ukidures, SavSeTis

mosazRvre, sofel efratSi eklesiis aSeneba, romelic cnobilia

maWaxlis dedaeklesiis saxelwodebiT (z. WiWinaZe. Ddasax. naSromi).

n. kaxiZis varaudiT, SesaZlebelia, inawminda am adgilis

Tavdapirveli saxelwodebaa da salaparako leqsikaSi Semdgom

ninowmindis formiT damkvidrda _ inawminda ninowminda iqca. Aam

varaudis sasargeblod metyvelebs mkvlevarTa (s. janaSia, v. goilaZe)

mosazreba, romlis mixedviT wminda ninos saxeli wina aziis uZveles

xalxTa qalRmerTis `inas~ Tu inanas~ saxels ukavSirdeba (kaxiZe: 335-336).

79

Aigive mosazrebas gamoTqvams e. beriZe, romelic aRniSnavs: `saintereso

saxelia inawminda, naeklesiari, tye (Tolgomi). SeiZleba am saxelis

Tavdapirveli forma iyo ninowminda (beriZe 2009:117).

Suaxevis raionis sofel jabniZeebSi aris adgili `qaSveTi~, sadac

mTqmelis gadmocemiT, eklesia mdgara. qaSveTis irgvliv qristianuli

sasaflaoebia. U,,uwindel droSi aq loculobdnen da wminda adgili

iyoo~ (mTq. abaSiZe aleqsandre, dab. da mcx. sof qiZiniZeebSi 2010 w.

piradi arqivi _ ixileT danarTi #108). jabniZeebis qaSveTis garda am

saxeliT saqarTveloSi ramdenime taZarebia, adgili da sofelia

cnobili. `qaSveTi~ taZarebi TbilisSi da sof. babaneurSi (gaRma kaxeTi),

sofeli xaSuris raionSi, amave saxeliT iwodeba adgili gaRma kaxeTSi,

maRranisa da matanis midamoebSi, qsnis xeobaSi, cxraZmis xevSi (leoniZe

1957: 4). g. leoniZe saqarTvelos toponimikaSi Semonaxul am saxelwodebas

etimologiurad `qaSveTis~ avadmyofobas ukavSrebs. misi azriT, Tbilisis

`qaSveTi~ uZveless droSi `keTrovanTa da ganrRveulTa TavSesafari~

unda yofiliyo (leoniZe 1957: 3).

xucubani qobuleTis raionis uZvelesi sofelia. gadmocemiT, aq

xucesi cxovrobda, kargad mReroda, gansakuTrebiT saamo bani, hqonda da

amitom ewoda xucubani. mkvlevar ramaz surmaniZis azriT, sityvis meore

nawili unda modiodes ara sasimRero banidan, aramed ubnidan: `xucesTa

ubani~, rac Semdgomi transformaciis Sedegad xucubani gaxda~ (surmaniZe

2007: 5). xucubnis qristianul warsulze metyvelebs am soflis sxva

toponimebic, magaliTad, TeTrosani da saydari (diasamiZe 1981: 96-97).

qristianuli salocavebiT mdidari yofila kintriSis xeoba

(qobuleTis raioni), romlis saTaveSic idga xinos ioane naTlismcemlis

saxelobis sakaTedro taZari (X-XI ss). vaxuSti batoniSvili gvauwyebs:

`xinos ars eklesia gunbaTiani, keTildidSeni, kargs adgils. zis

episkoposi, mwyemsi xinoswylis samxreTis Woroxamde~ (qarTlis cxovreba,

IV, Tb., 1974, gv. 791).

xinos xeobis ramdenime qristianuli salocavi ixsenieba ~weraqveTas

legendaSi~, romelic 1940 welsaa Cawerili (asmxf #19): `weraqveTa wevda

mezobel giorgisTan, romelic mis dasavleTiT ori kilometris manZilze

cxovrobda da sTxova daxmareba Svilebis Svavidan amosaRebaT. giorgim

80

vari uTxra. Semdeg wevda WaTamurze (variantebSia – didvake) da iq

mcxovreblebs Seexvewa, daxmarebodnen Svilebis Svavidan amoRebaze. iqac

vari uTxres. bolos avida zemo xinoSi da iq mcxovreb qaTamaZnebs

Siexvewa. qaTamaZnebi diexmarnen da Svilebi amoaRebines Svavidan.

weraqveTa qaTamaZnebs Sepirda, rom aseTi sikeTisTvis Tqven Cems adgil-

mamuls dagitovebT da me sul gadavikargebi aqedanao. marTlac,

weraqveTas nasaxlarze dRes qaTamaZnebi cxovroben. xolo sofels ki

weraqveTas saxeli – weraqveTi hqvia (adre sofels qedlamaza hrqmevia)

weraqveTam Tavisi Svilebi xinos naTliscemis taZarSi damarxa~

(TavdgiriZe 2004: 209). xinos naTliscemis taZarSi, cxadia, xinos

kaTedrali igulisxmeba. aseve eklesias unda gulisxmobodes saxeli

`giorgic~, kerZod, wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesias.

81

Tavi IV. Tamar mefis ciklis toponimuri


aWara, saqarTvelos kuTxeebisgan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva Tavisi

istoriulobiT, aq sakmaod mdidar folklorul tradiciasTan gvaqvs

saqme. Mmasalebis kvlevisas vxvdebiT toponimebis, geografiuli

saxelebis, Tqmulebebis saxecvlil formebs, romlebic an dakninebulia,

an kidev gadaSenebis gzazea damdgari, rac sarwmunoebrivma cvlilebebma

ganapiroba. M

qarTul xalxur saistorio sityvierebaSi, romelsac safuZvlad

qveynis realuri istoria udevs, Caqsovilia qarTveli xalxis

warmodgenebi gmirobasa da vaJkacobaze, samSoblos siyvarulsa da

Tavdadebaze (SioSvili 2009: 501).

qarTvel mefeTa Soris yvelaze meti gadmocema, Tqmuleba da leqsi

aWaris zepirsityvierebaSi Tamar mefes ukavSirdeba. `qarTuli saistorio

zepirsityvierebis arc erT cikls ara aqvs gavrcelebis didi are,

rogorc Tamar mefeze Seqmnil nawarmoebebs (sixaruliZe 1968: 189) amasTan

dakavSirebiT aziz axvlediani aRniSnavs: `..im droisaTvis, rodesac aWara

osmalebma daipyres, xalxs Tavisuflebisa da Zlierebis simbolod

Tamari da misi dro miaCnda da yovelive kargs, didebuls am xanas

miawerda, umReroda mas da marad uqrob lamprad gadascemda Taobidan

Taobas. Kkidev meti, gamahmadianebul qarTvelebs ise uyvardaT Tamar

mefe, rom igi religiur kultad gaxades” (axvlediani 1960: 115).

,,qarTlis cxovrebaSi” mematiane wers: `iqmna yovelTa mefeTa Soris

udides, sviani da bednieri, RmrTis moSiSi, tkbili, saxier (da Tavi

yovelTa keTilTa RmrTis _ moSiSeba ars da simdable), eklesiaTa da

monazonTa moyuare, glaxakTa da moCivarTa ganmkiTxveli” (qarTlis

cxovreba 1955: 368).

sagulisxmoa ioane batoniSvilis `istoria qarTlisa-Si” Tamar mefis

samisionero moRvaweobis daxasiaTeba: `movlo Tamar mefeman kavkasiis

kerZoni da brZana umaRlesTa mTaTa zeda eklesiaTa aRmarTebad,

eklesiani aw _ ca mravaln arian ama zemoxsenebulTa mTaTa Sina da mun

mcxovrebnic aRiareben Tamar mefisagan aRSenebasa. Dda mere gelaqunis

82

mTis kerZo axalcixemdin, munca yovelTa maRalTa adgilTa eklesia da

baRi. OosTa da CerqezTa umetes damtkicebisTvis, da agreTve muSkuleTs

svaneTsa Sina, raWis kerZosa aReSena eklesia da mun daasvena xati RvTis

mSoblisa, mooWovili Zvirfasad, da mun dahmokida Tma Tvisi nawnevi,

romelsa ityvian eqvssa mtkavelsa, da aw-ca ars mun eklesiasa Sina. xolo

svanni da garemo mis mTis erni esreT esven RvTismSoblisa mas xatsa,

romel ara ZaluZT tyuilad daficeba visime mis zeda, da uTuod

aRiarebs dasaficebeli ukeTu Seagdon rame misgan naqmari ukve saqme, da

xadian iginica dedad RvTisa xatsa mas da egreTve esven Tmasa mas

Tamarisasa” am SemTxvevaSi, rogorc es marTebulad aRniSna k. kekeliZem,

ioane batoniSvili, istoriul cnobebis garda, emyareba

zepirsityvierebasac (kekeliZe 1956: 298).

rogorc prof. q. sixaruliZe aRniSnavs, Tamaris ciklSi zogi

nawarmoebi warmarTuli xanidan unda momdinareobdes, miTiuri RvTaeba

xalxs daukavSirebia istoriuli TamarisaTvis (sixaruliZe 1961: 26).

marTlac, Tamaris Tanamedrovenic da Semdegi periodis mTqmelebic,

mis pirovnebas fantastikur-miTologiur iers aZleven. Aamitom aris, rom

qarTvel mTielebSi Tamari salocav xatad iqca da bevri miTologiuri

da religiuri Tqmulebaa masTan dakavSirebuli.

cxinvalSi Cawerili erT-erTi gadmocemiT, romelic warmoadgens

variants cnobili Tqmulebisa _ `Tamar mefe da Suqur varskvlavi”, Tamar

mefes brutsabZelaze cixe-darbazi hqonia, magram iq veRaravin adis,

radgan arawminda sulebi uSlian yvelas xels. viTom Tamars ciskari

Seupyria da cxraklitulSi mouTavsebia, radgan am varskvlavze iyo

damokidebuli amindi. amiT uxsnia Tamars Tavisi qveyana yinvebisagan.

magram, roca Tamari erTxel samefos mosavlelad wavida,

gamzrdelisaTvis Caubarebia es yuTi da sastikad aukrZalavs misi gaxsna.

gamzrdels viTom cnobismoyvarebam sZlia, gaxsna, ciskari

gaTavisuflebula da amiT amindis saqmec gafuWda. Aamitom Tamarma

daswyevla gamzrdeli da samaradiso satanjvelad birTvSi gamoketa

(СМОМПК, 1892. № 13б 44-70. Д. Хаханашвили. Из грузинскои народнои

словесности. предание о царице Tамаре”). Aam gadmocemaSic mTqmeli Tamar

mefis yovlisSemZleobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas.

83

Tamar mefis mier bolostikes (basianis) omSi 1206 wels rumis

sulTanis ruqnadinis damarcxebis ambebs rom aRwers, vaxuStis moaqvs

legenda sulTnis didebulis Sepyrobis Sesaxeb. istorikosi wers:

`kualad eseca Tqmul ars: `moyvanebuli didebuli sultanisa winaSe

Tamarisa daeca da iRvlarWnoda, viTarca gueli da utyuar-qmnili;

amisTvs ganiyvanes gare da ra iqmna mrTel-gonier, hkiTxvidnen, rasaTvs

yofasa egreT; xolo igi ityoda_romeli ars Tavsa zeda Tamarisasa, man

hyo Zleva ese Cuen zeda da awca SevSindi mis mier”. xolo Jamsa mas iyo

xati mTavarangelozis miqaelisa Tavsa Tamarisasa mkidare. amiT iuwyes

mis-mieroba da Seswires umetesi madloba RmerTsa” (q. c., VI, gv. 188).

Aam legendis xalxuri varianti gamoaqveyna zaqaria WiWinaZem. `Tamar

mefes osmalosTan omi hqonda, omSi qristianebma gaimarjves da sulTani

tyveT CauvardaT Pdapyrobili Tamar mefes mihgvares. roca pyrobili

Tamar mefis winaSe warsdga da saxezed Sexeda, ucbad SekrTa, ukan

daiwia da yvirili daiwyo: miSveleT, miSveleT. iq myofT saCqaroT

hkiTxes: ra iyo, ra dagemarTa, ris SegeSinda? _ me imis SemeSinda, rom

Tamar mefis gvirgvins gars erTi xmliT amoRebuli kaci uvlis da im

galesil xmals sul aqeT-iqiT atrialebs mtris winaaRmdeg” (WiWinaZe

1941: 88).

legendis aRniSnul variantebs Soris arsebobs gansxvaveba. vaxuStis

legendas, romelic konkretul istoriul movlenasTanaa dakavSirebuli,

z. WiWinaZis variantSi zogadi saxe miuRia, mizandasaxuleba ki

adrindeli SeunarCunebia. Qqristianobis mahmadianobaze gamarjvebis idea

orive variantSia gatarebuli. Semdegi drois variantSi sulTnis

didebulis magivrad TviT sulTania gamoyvanili, xolo mTavarangelozis

xatis nacvlad _ mahmadianTa mteri _ xmliani kaci.

vaxuStis mier daculi varianti sagulisxmoa, rogorc motanili

legendis tradiciisa da istoriis gasaTvaliswineblad, aseve, saerTod,

xalxuri sityvierebis raobis da specifikis TvalsazrisiT (sixaruliZe

1958: 302-303).

basianis omis ambebis gadmocemisas vaxuStis gamoyenebuli aqvs Tamar

mefis ciklis erTi legenda: `aramed evlogi salosi winaSe iyo Tamarisa

mwirveli. Gganacvfrebulman aRityuelna xelni da daeca samgzis; merme

84

aRxlta da Seswira kurTxeva RmerTsa. Semdgomad mis mkiTxvels iovanes

gamoucxadebda evlogi. `raJams davecemodi, kninRa midrkenRa spani Cuenni;

xolo aRvxlti ra, mosca RmerTman Zleva spaTa CuenTa” (q. c., IV, gv. 187-

188). Mmsgavsi legenda gadmocemuli aqvs `istorianisa da azmanisa”

avtors (istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT da

gamokvleviT, Tb., 1941, gv. 128-129).

`aSkaraa legendis RvTaebrivi, qristianuli xasiaTi, TiTqos

gamarjveba RvTis ZaliT moxda; legenda gamoyenebulia qristianobis

siZlieris saCveneblad da amasTan sabrZolo epizodis STabeWdilebis

gasaZlierebladac” (axvlediani 1990: 153).

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aWaris zepirsityvierebis Sekrebasa da

gamoqveynebaSi didi Rvawli miuZRvis z. WiWinaZes, romelic,

gamoqveynebul TqmulebebSi, ZiriTadad, aWaris gamahmadianebis sakiTxebs

Seexo, meore mxriv ki, Tamar mefesTan dakavSirebul Tqmulebebi Caiwera

da gamoaqveyna (WiWinaZe 1913; 1918; )

aWaris aRwerisas, (1874 w.) eTnografi da istorikosi g. yazbegi

SeniSnavs: aWaraSi yvelgan da yvelasagan gaigonebT Tamar mefis saxels,

an moismenT im ambavs, rom odesRac mTeli aWara qristianuli qveyana

iyoo” (yazbegi 1995: 65).

am kuTxisUfolklorul masalebSi Semonaxulia gadmocemebi, sadac

saubaria Tamar mefis udides saqmianobaze _

aRmSeneblobiTAmoRvaweobaze, mis gamWriaxobaze, morwmuneobaze,

damsaxurebaze, Zlevamosilebasa da eklesiebis mSeneblobaze.

aWaraSi mogzaurobisas Tedo saxokiam, Tamaris saxelTan

dakavSirebiT mravali saintereso masala Caiwera, avtori xazs usvams

Tamaris popularobas aWaris sityvierebaSi da aRniSnavs aq yvela cixisa

da xidis mSeneblobas Tamaris saxels ukavSirebeno. Tamaris saxelTan

asocirdeba Semdegi toponimuri Tqmulebebi da maTi saxelTa

etimologiac: `varcxala seris”, `dedoflis qvis”, `simonauri”

`doliauri” da a. S. TviT didebuli eklesiis `sxalTis” mSeneblobasac

Tamar mefes miawereno... (saxokia 1985: 259-285).

1897 wels aWaraSi mogzaurobisas Tedo saxokias Tamar mefis ciklis

saistorio gadmocemebis mravali saintereso varianti Cauweria.

85

TqmulebaTa simravles igi imiT xsnida, rom `Tamari aqauri qarTvelebis

mexsierebaSi aRbeWdilia rogorc RvTis moSiSi, gulmodgine mzrunavi

eklesiaTa gamravlebisaTvis, ganapira adgilebis mfarveli da

gammagrebeli, mtrisaTvis risxvis damcemi, qvriv-obolTa ganmkiTxavi,

miukerZoebeli mosamarTle da yovelive amis dasasrul _ wmindani da

ubiwo (saxokia 1950: 50); (SioSvili 1976: 75-76).

M T. SioSvili naSromSi `aWaraSi Sekrebili folkloruli nimuSebi”

safuZvlianad ganixilavs am kuTxis Tqmuleba-gadmocemebs, igi wers:

`Tamarisdroindelad miaCniaT aWarSi uZvelesi xidebi, romlebic

TavianTi simtkiciT dResac aoceben mnaxvels. xalxis gadmocemiT,

maxunceTis, dandalos da furtios xidebi erTdroulad auSenebia

Tamars. Ffurtios xids aWarlebi `dedoflis xids” eZaxian. sxalTaSi

mimavali Tamari am xidze gaivlida xolmeo. `xids rom miadgeboda, Zirs

CamobrZandeboda da fexiT gabrZandeboda meore napirso”. xidis marcxena

mxares uCveneben miwaSi Rrmad Caflul oTkuTxa lods, romelsac

`dedoflis qvas” eZaxian. `Tamar mefe yovelTvis am qvaze Sesdgamda fexs

da ise SebrZandeboda Tavis jorzeo”. furtioSi mimavali gzisaTvis ki,

Tamaris pativsacemad `dedoflis gza” SeurqmeviaT (SioSvili 1976: 75-76).

aWaraSi mravladaa wyaroebi, romlebsac `mefe wyali” an `dedoflis

wyaro” ewodeba: `saxlSi mimavali mefe (Tamari), roca mgzavrobas ver

moaswrebda da SemoaRamdeboda, furtioSi daisvenebda dilamde. erTxel

erT SeZlebul glexs, vinme simonas, swvevia, glexi sixaruliT cas ewia

Turme _ dedofali mewvio, da datrialebula, rom didebul stumars

Tavis SeZlebisdagvarad gamaspinZleboda, ise rom TviTon dedofals

saamod darCenoda da eTqva, _ Sexe, ra QqveSevrdomi myavso. simonas

SvilisaTvis Rvino miucia am wyaroSi Casaciveblad. Ddedofals friad

moswonebia Cacivebuli Rvino da unebebia Seetyva, aseTi civi wyaro sad

ariso? raRa Tqma unda, misi survili myisve ausrulebiaT. Amis Semdeg

aqeTken siarulis dros dedofali am wyaros ise ar gauvlida wyali ar

daeliao, da wyarosac misi saxeli SerCenia (saxokia 1985: 259).

wyarosTan dakavSirebuli msgavsi gadmocemebi Cauweria mkvlevar

aziz axvledians sofel kirnaTis mcxovreb 82 wlis memed cincaZisgan _

`Tamari rom aq Camosula, auSenebia maWaxelis pirze cixe (laparakia

86

gvaras cixeze _ a. a) Tamars adgilobrivi wyali ar moswonebia, zeda

kirnaTSi miugnia kai wyalisaTvis, imas azidvinebda da svamda. amitom

daerqva im wyals `nefe wyali” (bskifa #3 gv 51), (axvediani 1970: 45 _


Aam wyaros axlac ,,nefe wyals” uwodeben da TiTqmis yvela aqaurma

mkvidrma icis am saxelwodebis ,,warmomavloba”.

aseTive gadmocema arsebobs WaneTSi, sadac xofis maxloblad,

bujaRSi naqebi wyaros wyalia, mas `mefis wyaro // mefa wkari” hqvia.

bujaReli mTxrobelis CvenebiT es mefe Tamaria (yifSiZe 1939: 21).

Mmkvlevari a. axvlediani exeba aWaraSi cixeebis mSeneblobasTan

dakavSirebul ambebs: `es yaliebi, es cixeebi gaakeTa Tamar dedofalma,

gvamcnobs Wvaneli mTqmeli d. takiZe, magas hyavda bevri mowinaaRmdege;

misdevdnen, mosdevdnen, mara Tamari gevdoda, gaaketebda yales (cixes).

moawevda ise saqme, veRar dadgeboda, gevdoda sxva yaleSi. Yyales

akeTebda ase: daagrovebdnen qvas, eiwkapeboden, aZlevden xelidan xelSi

da keTdeboda magre. imfo da imfo (ufro-n. m) magars akeTebda, mara

bolos mixda, rom unda damiWirono da meiwamla Tavi” (axvediani 1970: 46 -


Aaq moyvanil Tqmuleba-gadmocemaTa aSkara anaqronizmebs

fsiqologiuri gamarTleba aqvs. isini anareklia, im didi brZolebisa,

rasac qarTveli xalxi saukuneTa manZilze eweoda arabebis, Turqebis da

iranelebis winaaRmdeg. Bbunebrivia, rom xalxma, Zlier agresorebs

daupirispira Zlieri saxelmwifos gamWriaxi xelmZRvaneli Tamar mefe

(sixaruliZe 1943: 12).

Aam TvalsazrisiT aWaris toponimTagan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia,

xulos raionis sofel oSanaxevis xalxuri etimologia. xalxuri

masalebis mixedviT _ `oSanaxevSi” yofila qristianuli taZari, sadac

xSirad dadioda mefe Tamari da eswreboda aq gamarTul RvTis

sadidebel, wirva-locvebs _ `sxalTis eklesiidan Tamar mefe sofel

vernebis gavliT, sofel oSanaxevSi aucileblad gaivlida. Amefe rac ar

unda daRlili yofiliyo, aq moisvenebda, ramdenime dRes rCeboda,

eklesiaSi wirvas daeswreboda, ,,oSanas” yurZnis jiSis Rvinos dalevda

da gzas xixanis cixisken ise gaagrZelebdao. Aam soflSi dResac xarobs

87

am jiSis yurZeni da yurZnis am jiSis saxeobas gansakuTrebuli

pativiscemiT epyrobiano _ `oSanas” jiSis yurZeni dResac xarobs da mas

oSanas jiSis yurZens eZaxian”. saubrisas informatori xazs usvams im

garemoebas, rom am jiSis yurZens Tamari gamoarCevda, amitomac mis

sapativcemulod am soflisTvis `oSanaxevi” daurqmeviaT. Ees sofeli am

saxels dResac atarebs da Tamars didi pativiT ixsenieben. mTqmeli q.

abaSiZe, aseve amtkicebs, imasac rom winapriseuli anderZis gamo, am

yurZnis jiSs, sofelSi Zalian ufrTxildebian. aqaurebi Tamar mefis

Semosvlas didi zar-zeimiT xvdebodneno.

sxva mosazrebiT. savaraudod, SesaZloa, arsebobdes raime kavSiri

oSanaxevis toponimsa da Zvel berZnul da Zvel ebraul osanasTan (osana

_ Zv. berZnulad da Zvel ebraulad niSnavs Segviwyale, aseve osana _ aris

RmerTis sadidebeli, saqebari SeZaxili iudeur da qristianul

RvTismsaxurebaSi (TezeliSvili 2007: 585) aqedan gamomdinare,

safiqrebelia, am toponimis warmoSobas safuZveli swored maSin Caeyara,

roca aWaraSi qristianuli sarwmunoeba iyo. am terminma ganicada

formacia da Camoyalibda zemoT naxsenebi saxeliT _ oSanaxevi. soflis

samxreTiT yofila adgili, sadac saidumlo gvirabi yofila, mTqmelTa

gadmocemiT, amave sofelSi arsebobs mniSvnelovani gvirabi, riTac Tamar

mefe sargeblobda. gadmcemis mixedviT _ gvirabi oSanaxevidan, sofel

kaloTis qvemoT varcixeze gadioda, aqedan ki kaloTis eklesiis

maxloblad `nasaydralTan” amodioda. Mmas uZveles droSi Turme

strategiuli mniSvnelobac hqonia. kaloTis gvirabidan _ gza samad

nawildeba _ erTi eklesiisaken midis da ori oTaxis saTavsosTan

migiyvans, xolo meore uxvevs da mdinarisken midis (mTq. d. iSxneliZe, dab

da mcx. sofel skvanaSi, 34 w. 2005. Ppiradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #111).

kaloTlebis mtkicebiT, es gvirabi samadaa gantotvili: pirveli

mdinareSi Cadis (mtris Semosevebis dros mosaxleoba am gziT

sargeblobda). Mmeore xixanis cixeSi gadioda da iqedan zarzmaSi

gadasvla SeiZleboda, romliTac Tamar mefec ki sargeblobda. mesame es

gvirabi iyo saidumlo romlis mimarTuleba iyo: varcixe _ oSanaxevi _

sxalTa _ Rorjomis xeoba (mTqmeli d. iSxneliZe). `darans aWaraSi

saxiznar xvrels uwodeben. igi aris TurqTa Zveli sisxliani TareSis

88

utyuari mowme. aseTi xvrelebi yvelgan gvxvdeba aWarasa da saerTod

mitacebuli samxreTi saqarTvelos olqebSi” (Jurn. M`mogzauri”, #1 1901).

`oSTaxevi unda iyos oSanaxevi. Adgilobriv metyvelebaSi SeiZleba

Segvxdes oSnaxevi formiTac. `es saxeli uSno xevisgan gadakeTdao”,_

Cauweria z. WiWinaZes aqaur mkvidrTagan. 1972 wels, zafxulis

eqspediciaSi yofnis dros, mTxrobelisgan m. qamadaZes Cauweria, rom

oSa//oSana yurZnis jiSia da soflis saxelic aqedan warmosdgebao. ra

Tqma unda, orive gadmocema sityvis `nebismier gaazrebas” emyareba, rac

damaxasiaTebelia saerTod xalxuri etimologiisaTvis (82, 232),

savaraudoa, rom oSanaxevi (oSanas xevi_osanas xevi), romelSic oSana

pirovnuli saxeli unda iyos” (qamadaZe 1992: 18).

xulos raionis, Rorjomis CrdiloeTiT aris gora, romelsac

xalxi `saydris sers” eZaxis. mas Zvel droSi samlocvelos funqcia

hqonia. aq gaTxrebi uwarmoebiaT aqaur mcxovreblebs, romlebsac

spilenZis fulebi, kovzebi da TefSebi unaxavT. Aaseve Rorjomis

CrdiloeTiT 8-10 km. daSorebiT aris mTa `sayolaferdi”, am mTis qvemoT

aris davakeba adgili, romelsac aqauri mkvidrni `naqalaqevs” eZaxian.

amJamad iq ki aravin cxovrobs, maTi mtkicebiT `bebias gadmocemiT, uwin

aq didi qalaqi yofila, mTeli aWaris centri iyoo” (mTqmeli maia

xozrevaniZe, dabadebuli xulos rionis sof didaWaraSi, mcx. daba

xelvaCaurSi, 55 w. piradi arqivi).

am midamoebis mniSvnelobasa da strategiul daniSnulebaze araerT

mkvlevarsa Tu istorikoss yuradReba gaumaxvilebia. 1952 wlis savele

eqspediciis monacemebiT `naqalaqevze misasvleli Zveli gzis niSnebia

Rorjomis mxridan, romelic misdevs mdinare rusTavis napirs. Mme-2 gzis

niSnebi aris naqalaqevis CrdiloeTiT, romelic iwyeba Wvanidan gaivlis

sayolaferds, nairdals, kuStaurs, nasoflas, goderZis gadasasvlels,

romelic gadis xirxaTis cixemde (rusiZe 1953: #152: 10). aqaurTa

gadmocemebiT, Tamar mefe xirxaTis cixeSi, savaraudod am gziT, kerZod,

naqalaqevis gavliT midioda, iqedan ki zarzmisken agrZelebda gzas.

istorikosebis varaudiT, uZveles dros naqalaqevs, strategiuli

mniSvneloba hqonia.

89

am sofelTan dakavSirebiT Mmkvlevari S. rusiZe eqpediciis

angariSebSi Semdeg ingormacias gvawvdis: Rorjomis erT-erT sofelSi,

kerZod, gorgaZeebSi aris adgili, romelsac `nadarbazevs” uwodeben.

amasTan dakavSirebiT xalxi Semdeg Tqmulebaze amaxvielbs yuradRebas:

`nadarbazevis”-adgilas uwindel dros qarTveli mefeebi iyridnen Tavs

da saWirboroto sakiTxebze msjelobdneno. es adgili ara marto aWaris,

aramed mTeli saqarTvelos centri iyoo” aqaurebi mas moiazreben,

rogorc samefo administraciul adgils. `sofel gorgaZeebSi aris

mniSvnelovani adgilebi – belsaras ori, baxuncixe... nadarbazevi da sxva.

maT Soris soflis Suaze, sakmaod swor adgils _ `nadarbazevi”- hqvia. ”

mkvlevari aqve SeniSnavs: `adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis gadmocemiT ar

ician aq Senobis arseboba, magram adgils ki nadarbazevs uwodeben. unda

vigulisxmoT, rom uZveles droSi, marTlac samefo administraciuli

dawesebulebis darbazi mdgariyo” (rusiZe 1953: #152; 154; 156; 158; 161; 162;

164 :11).

`nadarbazevsa da `naqalaqars” m. xozrevaniZis gadmocemiT, xeobaSi

didi daniSnuleba hqonia. kerZod, am adgilebSi Tamar mefe xSirad

dadioda da didi darbazoba imarTeboda. Aaqedan ki, diakoniZeebis

seridan, sxalTaSi, sxalTidan oSanaxevSi. oSanaxevidan xixanSi da

xixanidan zarzmaSi gadadiodao. Ees iyo mniSvnelovani daniSnulebis

adgili, sadac mefeebi dadiodneno. winaparTa gadmocemiT, maT

`naqalaqari” da `nadarbazevi”_hqvia” (m. xozrevaniZe, dab sof. didaWaraSi,

mcx. xelvaCaurSi, 55 w. Caviwere 2005 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi

#113)

Rorjomis xeobis istorul-religiur toponims warmoadgens

`namonastrevi”, sofelia, romelzedac saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis rejeb

ismailis Ze mekeiZe (Cauweria 2005 wels Tamar beriZes), igi amtkicebs, rom

misi winaprebi am adgilebSi 300 wlis winaT amosulan, maT daxvedriaT

nasaxlarebi da didi qristianuli salocavebi, romelebic SemdegisTvis

dangreula da gapartaxebula. am sofels ki `namonastrevi” saxelad

SerCenia. Ees taZari Tamar mefis aSenebuli iyoo” (ixileT danarTi #112)

es xeoba rom kulturul-administraciul centrs rom warmoadgenda,

amas marTlac araerTi Tqmuleba-gadmocema mowmobs. sofel gobaZeebSi

90

SemorCenilia erTi saintereso Tqmuleba da leqsi Tamar mefeze_`sofel

gobaZeebs esazRvreba SavaZeebis samziared, grZeldeba tyemalaTi,

tyemalaTis qvemoT aris gobaZeebis ubani, aq zemoT aris nakafi, sadac

aRmoCenilia eklesiis nangrevebi, roca muslimanoba iyo Semosuli, aq

Cumad adiodnen jer kidev qristianuli rwmenis adamianebi qristes

salocavSi, aq asasvlel gzas rqmevia `Tarangelozi”. anu

`Tamarangelozi”, am eklesiisTvis es saxeli imitom daurqmeviaT, rom

uZveles droSi am eklesiaSi asvla da locva mouwadinebia Tamar mefes

da misi amalas. iq asasvleli gza xeiriani (wesieri) ar yofila, amitomac

iqaurebs tye gaukafavT da am gzisTvis `Tarangelozi” // `xanumis gza”

(dedoflis gza) daurqmeviaT, dResac eZaxian am saxels, isini xanumSi

Tamar mefes moiazreben.

`nanefvari // nefikalo” am saxeliT sofel uCxoSi, erT-erTi gorakis

mdelos moixseneben, sadac Turme Tamar mefe dadioda. iq axlos yofila

`Tamaris xidic”. xidis zemoT mdelos ki rqmevia _ `saydri seri” //

`Tarangelozi. Aam mTidan (saydri seri//Tarangelozidan), gza samad

nawildeba: erTi gza- guriaSi midis. Mmeore gza maWarelaTSi, xolo

mesame _ sofel uCxosken. `saydri seri” // `Tarangelozi” Tamar mefis

aSenebuli yofila da mefe xSirad dadiodao. Aamave soflis

saxelwodebac kavSirSia sami gzisa da xevis saxeldebasTan. uCxo-

Turqulia, uC-sami, rac qarTulad `sam xevs” niSnavso. Tamaris xididan

erTi gza guriaSi, meore xirxaTis yalesken da mesame soflisken midiso

(mTq. o. abulaZe, dab da mcx. sof. uCxoSi. 75 w. ZirkvaZe T. dab. da mcx.

sof. uCxoSi. 49 w. Cav. 2011 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #115).

`nanefvaris” saxeliT moixseneben adgils qedis raionis sofel

cxmorisSi. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, zemo aWaraSi mimavali Tamar mefe

cxmorisis eklesiaSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg `nanefvarSi” isvenebda

da gzas zemo aWarisken agrZelebda. informatoris TxrobiT, Zvelad am

adgilas samefo rezidencia yofila, romelic SemdgomSi ganadgurebula

saxelwodeba `nanefvari” ki SemorCenila (mTq. cincaZe eTer, dabadebuli

da mcxovrebi qedis raionis sofel cxmorisSi. 68 w. piradi arqivi -

ixileT danarTi #116; 117; 118).

91

xulos raionis, sofel beRleTTan axlos kldeSi, mrgvali sarkis

msgavsi formis figuraa gamokveTili, romelsac ,,Tamaris sarkes”

uwodeben. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, es sarke RmerTs, TamarisTvis gaukeTebia,

maRal mTaze, raTa am sarkiT aravis ar esargeblao. MTamari iq siarulis

dros sarkesTan Tmebs ivarcxnidao (mTq. mTq. m. SavaZe, dab. da mcx. sof.

uCxoSi. Cav. 2011 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #119).

`kviriawminda` aris Suaxevis raionis Sua sofelSi, kvirikeRele

qobuleTis raionis sofel CaisubanSi, kvirikuli saZovari qveda dagvaSi,

kvirikeTi aWaris mTianeTSi, kvirike ki hqvia did sofels qobuleTis

raionSi, Tanac aris zeda da qveda, romlebic am saxelwodebis

sakrebuloSi arian gaerTianebulni. zeda kvirikeSi me-19 saukunis

damlevs TurqeTidan gadmoxvewili berZnebi Casaxldnen, romelTa nawili

1995 wlidan, saberZneTSi wavida (komaxiZe : 2010).

Svildiseri // oxordi-kodali _ folkloruli masalis mixedviT,

Suaxevis raionis sofel cinareTSi arsebuli cixisa da Svildiserad

saxeldebuli misi mimdebare teritoriis Sesaxeb, S. rusiZe Semdegs

gadmogvcems: `cinareTis zemoT maRal kldeze, cixis nangrevia,

adgilobrivebi mas `cixiyels”-eZaxian... cixis kldis Sesaxeb uCambis

mcxovrebi 110 wlis ismail suleimanis-Ze beJaniZe, gadmogvcems: ès cixe

qarTvelebis yofila; uCambis xeobiT aq mteri Semosula, gaRma gasvla

ver gaubedia da gamoRma dabanakebula da cixisaTvis Svildisrebis

srola dauwyia, magram cixes veraferi avnoo; saidanac mteri cixes

Svildisars esroda, im adgils exlac hqvia `Svildiseri”,. qarTveli

jari cixidan gamosula da miuaxlovda mters da isrebs esrodneno, im

adgils axlac hqvia òxordi-kodali” (igie isari – (rusiZe 1950: 35) -


Suaxevis raionis sofel uCambaSi aris ubani, romelsac `kviriauli”

hqvia. am dasaxelebiT etimologias ukavSireben soflis gaRma maRal

mTaze aRmarTul cixis nangrevebs, romelic mosaxleobaSi `cinareTis

cixis” saxeliTaa cnobili. aqaurTa gadmocemiT: ès cixe Tamar

dedoflis mieraa aSenebuli. Tamar mefe aq xSirad dadioda. erTxelac,

roca Turqebs gaugiaT, Tamari am cixeSiao, Tamarisa da cixis afeTqeba

gadauwyvetiaT. MmaT kaci gaugzavniaT da SeuTvliaT: `nebiT Cagvbardio”..

92

`duSmani” (mteri) sofel `kviriaulSi”, cixis gamoRmiT dabanakebula.

ganrisxebul Tamars uari SemouTvlia, sapasuxod Turqebs zarbazanic ki

usvriaT, magram cixe iseTi magari kiriT yofila naSenebi, rom mters

cixisTvis veraferi dauklia, im adgils saidanac zarbazans isrodnen

`nazarbaznevi” hqvia. sapasuxod, Tamar mefes cinareTis cixidan TeTri

kiri gadmouyria, kirs iqauroba sul gauTeTrebia, amaze Turqebs

ukiTxavT aqaurebisTvis ra gadmoyarao?A _ adgilobrivebs ki upasuxniaT

_ Tamar mefes Zveli fqvili hqonda da gadmoyarao. TaTrebs ufiqriaT

amas Tu amdeni darCenili fqvili hqonia da xeobaSi yris. Cven aq yofnas

ra azri aqvs mainc ver davamarcxebTo. Aamdgaran da wasulan. ASemdeg im

adgils, sadac Turqebi gaCerdnen da Tamaris cixis afeTqeba surdaT

`kviriauli” daurqmeviaT, imitom rom es ambavi kvira dRes momxdara”

(mTqm. m. fevaZe, dab. sof. uCambaSi. Mmcx. sof. neniaSi. 55 w. 2005 w. piradi

arqivi_ixileT danarTi #121).

aWaris rwmena warmodgenebSi dResacaa SemorCenili `kvirkobisa”

(ivlisis pirveli kvira), da qaSatoba (gazafxuze) ,,uqmeebi”. am dRes

samuSaod ar gavlen _ niaRvari mosavals gaanadgurebs, an matli SeWamso.

savaraudod, toponimis, genezisi warmarTobis droindel RvTaeba

`kviriasTan” unda iyos kavSirSi, magram saukuneebriv saxecvlilebasTan

erTad moxda misi cvlileba da is qristianul ambebs daukavSires.

Aam TqmulebaSi Seusabamoba isaa, rom Tamaris dros denTis iaraRi,

miT ufro zarbaznebi ar iyo. Mmeorec, raxan Tamarma, legendis Tanaxmad,

kiri gadmoyara, SesaZloa, ubnis saxelic kirs ukavSirdebodes _

kiriauli.

rogorc cnobilia, aWaraSi Tamar mefe did aRmSeneblobiT

saqmianobas eweoda. mosaxleoba yvela cixis, eklesiis, xidis, cixis

mSeneblobas Tamars miawers. variantebadaa gavrcelebuli Tqmulebebi _

aWariswylis, Wvanis, kavianis, `yaleboinis”, xirxaTisa da sxva cixeebisa

Tu xidebis mSeneblobaze, ra Tqma unda, Tamaris dros an mas miaweren.

amasTan dakavSirebiT iveriaSi werdnen: `iq, osmalos saqarTveloSi,

Tamars miaweren yovelive Zvel Senobas, cixe-simagreebs, mSvenier xidebsa

da taZrebs, isic sakvirvelia, rom osmalos saqarTveloSi Tamaris garda,

sxva mefeze veras gaigonebT” (gaz. `iveria, #11, 1877w).

93

sxalTis xeobisa da mareTis xevis sazRvarze, mTaze aris adgili,

patara ubani, romelsac `momwvari”//,,koreWi” (gora) hqvia. gadmocemiT _

`sofel papoSvilebidan Tamar mefe da misi mxleblebi sxalTaSi

salocavad midiodnen. am dros Tamar mefis laSqars dasdevnebia mtris

laSqari. Tamars Tan cota jari xlebia, mas droSi rom moego, gzad bamba

daufenia da cecxli waukidebia, riTac didi cecxli gaCaRebula da

mtris jari Seferxebula. Aam dros ki Tamari samSvidobos gasula.

adgils ki `momwvari” darqmevia (S. gogitiZe, dab. sof qiZiniZeebSi, 61 w.

Cav. 2005 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #122). Aam da sxva

TqmulebebiT, mTqmelT erTxel kidev imis gadmocema surT, rom Tamari

ara marto morwmune, keTili, qvelmoqmedi mefe, aramed yvelaferTan

erTad moxerxebulic yofila.

frangi orientalisti Jan murie, XIX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi

dawvrilebiT aRgviRwers baTum-qobuleTis gzaze arsebul siZveleebs.

Mmas unaxavs `Tamaris cixe”, romelic `Zveli sasaxlis Tu koSkis

nangrevebad” miuCnevia (murie 1962: 20).

istorikosi d. baqraZe baTumis (Tamaris) cixeze `xasan-aRas sityviT,

warsulSi baTumi mdebareobda did movakebulze, yoroliswylis marcxniv,

am adgilze dRemde didi kedlisa da eqvsi-Svidi eklesiis naSTebi, sadac

yoroliswyali zRvas SeerTvis, aRmarTulia patara goraki, romelzec

axla saraiad wodebuli beJan-oRlis saxli dgas, xelovnuri gorakia,

romelic Tamar mefem gaakeTebina im dros, roca didi laSqriT ukan

brundeboda trapizonidan (avtoris mosazrebiT es unda momxdariyo

daaxloebiT 1204 w. masze Tamarma maSinve aago cixe, romlis naSTi

dResac Cans. saerTod, baTumis midamoebSi bevri dangreuli taZaria. zogi

maTgani xasan-aRas Tavad unaxavs. Aase magaliTad, saraias zemoT oTxi

eklesiaa, erTi maTgani zed yoroliswylis saTavesTan. igi karga didi

iyo da gumbaTovani... axlandel baTumTan axlos, maRal goraze, dgas

mozrdili eklesia samebisa, Camovardnili gumbaTiT. samebaSi iyo

warwerebiani saflavis qvebi, ori marmarilosi, erT maTganze ewera:

`RmerTo acxone Mmariam”. qvis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, is sadRac

wauRiaT da vis ar ician... adgilze misul baqraZes eklesiis adgilze

eklesiis mimofantuli qvebis grova daxvedria. mas arc gumbaTi da arc

94

raime moxatulobis kvali ar SerCenoda: `eklesias xuTi saJeni sigrZe

hqonda, igi Sedgeboda CdiloeTis kedlisa da dasavleTis frontoniani

fasadisagan, misi sxva nawilebi dangreuli iyo” (baqraZe 1987: 24-28).

profesori ramaz surmaniZec adasturebs am toponimebis arsebobas da

aRniSnavs: `benzeSi, gadasavlel xidTan misvlamde aris patara gora,

romel goraze dResacaa cixis nangrevebi. romlis gverdiT aSenda

eklesia. mosaxleoba am adgils `Tamaris cixes”, xolo mis mimdebare

teritorias ki `Tamaras“ eZaxis. Ggadmocemis Tanaxmad `benzeSi am

adgilis dasaxlebas _ `Tamaris dasaxleba” an kidev `Tamaras” eZaxdnen.

gadmocemis mixedviT _ `trapizonidan momaval Tamar mefesa da mis

Tanmxleb qalebs am adgilas SeusveniT, talaxiani fexeebi aq

gauwmendiaT. isini bevri yofilan da maTi ganawmendi talaxisgan _ gora,

borcvi gakeTebula. SemdegSi xalxs am adgilisTvis `Tamaris borcvi”

daurqmevia. adre es teritoria da mis mimdebare adgilebi yofila

qalaqis centri, xolo axlandeli baTumis adgilas ki yofila mdinare

Woroxis delta, Semdeg, bunebrivi procesebis gaumjobesebas ki qalaqi

TandaTan aqeT gadmounacvlebia (ixileT danarTi # 123; 124 - prof. ramaz

surmaniZe, xelnawerTa uflebis dacviT. 12. 08. 2012. piradi arqivi).

baTumis cixeze Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad

mikvleuli nivTebis Seswavla adasturebs, aq arsebul uwyvet cxovrebas

meore aTaswleulidan vidre C. w-mde (inaiSvili, xaxutaiSvili 1962: #

170).

kavianis cixe _ aWariswylisa da Wvanis wylis SesarTavTanaa,

SemaRlebul adgilas. Mmd. AaWariswylis marcxena mxares. am cixes

aqaurebi ori saxeliT moixseneben `Tamaris cixe” da `kavianis cixe”. Aam

cixis saxelwodebasTan dakavSirebiT d. baqraZes gadmocemac Cauweria:

`amboben, am cixes kaviani imitom hqvia, rom didi gaWirvebiT da mxolod

kaviT SeiZlebao asvla”. iqve sqolioSi ki miuTiTebs: `cixis saxelwodeba

SeiZleba amgvarad aixsnas: albaT qaviani erqva, qavi ki cixis galavans

erqvao” (baqraZe 1987: 52).

`kavianis cixe” maRlobidan gadmohyurebs mdinare aWariswylis xeobis

magistrals, mdebareobs aWariswylis marcxena mxareze, kavianis serze,

95

xiWauris pirdapir, mdinareebis Wvaniswyalisa da aWariswylis Sesayris

qvemoT. cixis sanaxebidan iSleba Wvanis xeobis xedi (T. komaxiZe 2010: 87).

vaxuStis gamoyenebuli aqvs bolostikes omSi nuqardin sultanze

gamarjvebis ambebTan dakavSirebuli legenda (q.c. VI : 188) am legendis

varianti cnobilia, qarTvel mahmadianTa zepirsityvierebaSic (WiWinaZe

1911: 38). es legenda gviambobs gareSe mtrebTan brZolis xerxebsa da

meTodebze, rasac maT dasamarcxeblad Tamar mefe iyenebda. gagacnobiT

erT maTgans: `gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil aqaur mcxovreblebs gadauwyvetiaT

cixe-koSkis aSeneba, magram samSeneblo masalis mitana yvelaze ufro

metad gaZnelebula. MmaSin erTi mandilosani gamosula xalxis winaSe da

ganucxadebia: `_ sakvirveli is aris, rom amdeni mamakaci aq xarT da

amodena mileTis gadarCenaze ar fiqrobT. EmSvildkodebi bevrad

arafradaa saxmari, isa sjobia, cota gavisarjoT da TavSesafari cixe-

galavani avaSenoT. mandilosanis sityvebi xalxs moswonebia.

dedakacisaTvis xotba Seusxams iq myofT da cixe-koSkis

mSeneblobisaTvis mzadebis Tadarigs Sesdgomian.

auracxeli mteri Semosevia Cvens miwa-wyals. Savi zRvis sanapiroze

mdebare soflebi da qalaqi baTumi auoxrebiaT. raki guli ujerebia

iqaurTa JletiT, Semdeg aWariswylis xeobaSi ganlagebuli

soflebisaTvis dauwyia angariSis gasworeba. swored aseTi avbediTobis

dros, bWoba gaumarTavT Wvanelebsa da dandaloelebs. Tavi mouyriaT

xiWaurTan axlos, iq sadac Wvaniswyali aWariswyals erTvis da cixe-

koSkis mSenebloba dauwyiaT. gmir qarTvel vaJkacebs pitalo mTis Tavze

dauwyiaT mSenebloba koSki aRumarTavT (ananiZe 1972: 3) - ixileT danarTi

#125).

kavianis cixis aSenebas Tamar mefis saxels ukavSireben sof. xiWauris

mkvidrni, maTi gadmocemiT: `gagulisebulma ruqnadinma saqarTvelos

aoxreba da Tamaris xelSi Cagdeba gadawyvita, didZal armias mouyara

Tavi da saqarTveloSi SemoiWra.

Tamaris adgilsayofelis gasagebad ruqnadinma mzveravebi oTxive

mxriT dagzavna. Aamaod daSvren mzveravni. Uukan dabrunebulebma

ruqnadins erTi cnoba miawodes: Tamari aWariswylis xeobiT wasulao

qveynis momaragebisa da jaris Sesagroveblad.

96

ruqnadini Tavisi armiiT WianWvelasaviT moedo aWariswylis xeobas. is

natvriT moeloda Tamaris jaris damarcxebas, dedoflis xelSi Cagdebas.

Tamar mefe, Tavisi amaliT, dandalos xids misdgomia. iqedan xiWauris

amaRlebuli patara vake daunaxavs da uTqvams _ aq cixe unda avaSenoTo.

mefes Ramis gaTeneba ki kavianis mindorze gadauwyvetia. xiWauri

kavianidan erT saisrezea. Tamari varaudobda, rom ruqnadinis jari

swored xiWauris velze dabanakdeboda. Tamar mefem erT dReze aagebina

kavianis cixe. Bbolos TviTonac asula, erTi qva autania, esec CaaSeneTo.

_ es qva `Tamaris qvad”//,,oqros qvad” iwodeboda, nawili ki `jvardasmul”

qvad moixseniebs. xalxs es qva gaukultebia. Aaqaurebis rwmeniT, mas

samkurnalo Tvisebebi hqonia. `Zvelad am qvasTan midiodnen da im

midamoebidan miwa mohqondaT _ vis ojaxis baraqa//xvavisTvis, vis bavSvi

`wmindaniT” an `gvejoTi” Tu iyo davadebuli, iqedan motanili miwiT

Cvils mkurnalobdnen. Ddavadebul bavSvs Selocvis mere wminda miwas

baliSqveS Semoudebdnen. maTi rwmeniT daavadebuli ganikurneboda (mTq. x.

qaTamaZe, dab. da mcx. sof. xiWaurSi. 75 w. Caiwera S. qaTamaZem, 2004.

piradi arqivi_ixileT danarTi #126).

amave cixes ukavSirdeba Tqmuleba `dedoflis naqoSari” // `Tamar

mefis naqoSari” _ adgili tyeSi, kavianamde asasvlel gzaze, romelic

Tamaris nafexurs, naqoSars Seexeba. gadmocema, xiWaurSia Cawerili da

mogviTxrobs: `erTxel Tamar mefe aWaraSi gamoxizvnia nadir _ Sahs.

xiWaurSi gaCerebuls kavianis cixisa da vardcixis aSeneba ubrZanebia.

mSeneblebs dauwyviaT cixis mSenebloba. Mmefes gadauwyvetia, Tavadac

aetana erTi lodi da enaxa, Tu rogor aSenebdnen cixes. cixeze aRmarTSi

asvlisas mefes fexze cali qoSi waZvromia. mefes qoSisTvis Tavi

gaunebebia da meorec gauxdia, miutovebia da gza fexSiSvels

gaugrZelebia da uTqvams: `albaT RmerTma ase inebao”. is lodi cixemde

autania. im adgils, sadac fexze qoSi gaZvra, aqaurebs im adgilisTvis

`dedoflis naqoSari”- daurqmeviaT (Caiwera f. qaTamaZem. x, qaTamaZisgan

dab. da mcx. sof xiWaurSi 74 w. 2005 wels - ixileT danarTi #127).

Tamar mefeze gadmocemebs, TurqeTSi mcxovreb `CveneburebTanac”,

erTob saintereso da identur Tqmulebebs vxdebiT.

97

Tamar mefis Sesaxeb Tqmulebebi mezobel muslimanur qveynebSi,

`CeveneburTa” folkorSia SemorCenili. maTi religiuri aRmsareblobis,

miuxedavad, Tamar mefes moixsenieben, rogorc idealur pirovnebas,

sibrZniTa da maRalzneobrivi TvisebebiT Semkobil adamians. Mmkvlevar S.

futkaraZis `Cveneburebis qarTuli” uamrav saintereso folklorul

masalas gvawvdis. informatorebis gadmocemiT, Tamari maTi winaprebis

saficar mzes warmoadgenda, romelic maT dRevandel yofaSic aisaxeba_

`Cuen zuelandelebma ise miTxres, Tamar dedofali RmerTisa moyuaruli

yofila. Cuen zalian Samayuares” (futkaraZe 1993: 173).

aWaridan wasuli `Cveneburebis” Tamar mefisadmi siyvaruli

ganusazRvrelia, samSoblos nostalgiiT Sewuxebulebs Tamarze

simReraSi unaxavT Sveba _ `Tamar dedofali yofila zamanunda. xalxsa

Zaluan yuarebian, gaWirvebulsa, ieTimsa, avatyofsa exmareboda megem, da

imi gulobai. Mmisi gakeTebuli qemerqofrebi bevria SavSeT, aWaras,

axisxas. Aase ityoda Cemi baboi, memed efendi gulo baiaraxtoRli,

gogniavridan gamosuli. zogi leqsebi maxsovs zovli. vimRerebdiT:

vorirav da qamarav, rerov, rerav da qamarav,

vorirav da qamarav, rerov, rerav da qamarav…

ziTval gigavs pirio, me SenTvina da vtirio,

ras dagvaklebs mterio, mec imaze vmRerio.


Cueno dido dedao, es ra degvebedao.

Cueno dido anao, aq ram da mogviyvanao,

vorirv da qamarav, rerov, rerav da qamarav…

Sor digvirCa memleqeTi, RmerTo megve bereqeTi,

vorirv da qamarav, rerov, rerav da qamarav,

vorirv da qamarav, rerov, rerav da qamarav!

mTqmeli; xasan Cibuqi (gogitiZe)da merjan naarini (futkaraZe -

futkaraZe 1993: 55)

rogorc aWaraSi, aseve TurqeTSi gadasuli `Cveneburebi” yvela xidis

mSeneblobis iniciatorad Tamar mefe Tvlian.

98

am TqmulebaSi isini qarTvel xalxis gonierebaze saubroben.

qvelmoqmed mefes eklesiebis asSeneblad piradi nivTebic ki ar

Sebralebia, ukanaskneli Tmis oqros sabnevi mouZvria da isic

eklesisTvis Seuwiravso.

samecniero kvlevebSi, rogorc cnobilia, Tamar mefe, rogorc aqaurTa

ise `CveneburebTa”, cnobierebaSi wminda mefedaa damkvidrebuli da

misdami damokidebulebac wmindaTawmindaa. istoriuli avbediTobis

miuxedavad, Tamar mefe arc aqaurTa da arc iqaurTa foloklorSi ar

dakninebula, piriqiT, misi saxe ufro da ufro gaizarda da SeerTo wm.

mariamis xatebas.

99

Tavi V. osmaleTis agresiasTan dakavSirebuli

toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi

XVI saukunidan aWara TurqTa mudmivi agresiis obieqti gaxda. iran-

osmaleTs Soris gamarTuli omi osmaleTis gamarjvebiT damTavrda. 1555

wlis amaciis zaviT dasavleT saqarTvelo osmaleTs ergo. samcxe, aWara,

WaneTi Turqebma saqarTvelos moswyvites, osmaleTis provinciad

gamoacxades da osmaluri mmarTveloba daamyares.

Uusjulo mterma kargad icoda, rom qarTveli eris gasanadgureblad

aucilebeli iyo qristianobis aRmofxvra, amitom yovel Rones mimarTavda

aWarlebis gasamahmadianeblad. roca cbierebiT da motyuebiT verafers

gaxda man Zaladobas mimarTa (gogoliSvili 2010: 41).

aWaraSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs sofeli, sadac `naqilisvari~ anu

nataZrali ar iyos. SeiZleba Zveli salocavebis naSTebi SemorCenili ar

iyos, magram gvxdeba toponimebi, romlebic am adgilebis warsulsa da

aWaris mkvidrTa mier gamovlil istoriul qartexilebze metyvelebs.

zogierT toponims iseTi gadmocemac axlavs, romelic kargad gvixatavs

adgilis dasaxelebaSi Cadebul istorias. zogjer ki legenda bolomde

ver gvixsnis toponimSi dafarul Sinaarss.

aseTi gadmocemebis rigs miekuTvneba `kuti-jvris~ (mTa sofel

darCiZeebTan) saintereso legenda, romlis mokle varianti saukunis

winaT Cauweria T. saxokias (saxokia 1985: 270-271). gadmocemis SedarebiT

vrceli variantis mixedviT, `yavaRluRis batoni Rrma moxucebulobaSi

gardacvlila, darCenilan misi moxuci dedaberi da ori vaJiSvili _

Ciruxela da cxvirkoxela; ufros Zmas - Ciruxelas lamazi coli hyolia;

erT dRes Zmebi yaleboinSi wasulan, sofels mteri dascemia,

mcxovreblebi gauJletiaT da ufrosi Zmis meuRle gautacniaT; dedaberi

maRal mTaze gaqceula da gamwarebuls ise Zlier dauyviria, rom misi xma

Svilebs yaleboinSi gaugoniaT, TviTon ki dakutebula, ris gamoc mTas

`kuti-jvari~ darqmevia. Zmebi gamoqceulan, mTeli sofeli dadevnebia

mters da artahaanTan axlos didi brZola gamarTula. orive mxares didi

yofila msxverpli, magram qarTvelebs mainc gaumarjviaT da qalic

daubrunebiaT; brZolis adgilze qarTvelebs qalaqi gauSenebiaT da `jan

100

qalaqi~ anu `wminda qalaqi~ daurqmeviaT (rusiZe 1950: #115: 9-12) _ixileT

danarTi #129).

es metad mimzidveli folkloruli gadmocema mxolod nawilobriv

gvixsnis kuti-jvris istorias, ganmartavs toponimis pirvel nawils

(`kuti~), magram ucnobi rCeba mis meore nawilSi dafaruli saidumlo

(`jvari~). Aam adgilas tye-buCqnariT dafaruli eklesiis nangrevebia

dadasturebuli.

1980 wels zemo aWaraSi luka quTaTelaZem (mazris ufross s.

lorTqifaniZes gahyolia). igi sxalTaSic asula. Aaq mdebare eklesiis

aRwerisas, iqve dasZens, rom `aseTive eklesia yofila sofel darCiZeebSi,

sxalTasTan axlos. Aavtori moiTxovs mis Seswavlas, sanam aq qva-qvaze

aRar darCenila (futkaraZe 1980: 88).

dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom aWarul toponimur gadmocemebSi

SeiniSneba tendencia, mterTan brZolis amsaxveli Zveli Tqmulebebic ki

osmalos agresiis periods daukavSiron, rac ar aris SemTxveviTi.

(ixileT danarTi #130; 131).

ioseb beqiriSvili wignSi `qristianoba aWaraSi~ wers: `aWaraSi

qristianobaze saubrisas, rasakvirvelia, xazi unda gaesvas im

garemoebasac, rom man aq Tavisi roli erovnul sakiTxebSic, kerZod,

qarTuli meobis SenarCuneba-SenaxvaSic Seasrula. aWaris mkvidrni

saqarTvelos sxva mxareebis mcxovrebTagan gansxvavebiT ufro didxans

ibrZodnen osmalo dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg. Aai, swored mama-papaTa

rwmena, misdami erTguleba kidev ufro Tavganwiruls xdida am brZolas.

amas ki isic aZlierebda, rom mteri rwmeniT muslimani iyo. amitomac misi

mizanic aWarelTa mexsierebidan qristianobis sruli amogdeba

warmoadgenda, ris gamoc Tavisi aq SemoWris pirveli dReebidanve

arafers Takilobda saamisod, nebismier meTodsa da xerxs mimarTavda...

Tumca Cvens winapars islami mainc miaRebines~ (beqiriSvili 1991: 6).

aWaris mZime istoriul warsulze mravali toponimi metyvelebs:

xerTvisSi gvaqvs toponimi `nagmirevi~; naomriyeli dafiqsirebulia

adaZeebSi, tunaZeebsa da winwkalaSvilebSi; naomvari _ axaldabaSi,

qiZiniZeebSi, gorgaZeebSi, riyeTSi, Rurtasa da xaraulaSi; naomvrali _

cinareTSi da a. S. osmalos agresias unda ukavSirdebodes toponimebi:

101

naoxrevi jumuSaurSi; naoxrebi _ xixaZirSi; naoxvara _ mawyvalTaSi,

gorgaZeebsa da wablanaSi (Suaxevi); naxiznevi _ agoTaSi (mTa qedaSi),

oladaurSi, xixaZirSi, jalabaSvilebSi, Rurtasa da qiZiniZeebSi,

nadaburi – xixaZirSi da a. S. bevr istorias ki mxolod toponimuri

gadmocema inaxavs (beqiriSvili 2002: #151: 6).

z. WiWinaZe sofel gulebis Sesaxeb werda: `gulebi mSvenieri

sofelia da iseT alagas sZevs, rom minam kaci Sig sofelSi ar miva, minam

veras dainaxavs. esEsaxeli `gulebi~ maszed kanonieria. am soflis zemoT

qelasyuris mTis axlos Zvelad eklesia yofila, sadac iqaurebi

dadiodnen salocavad... aq mosaxleoben diasamiZeni... ~ (WiWinaZe: 7-130). z.

WiWinaZis miniSneba soflis dasaxelebaSi dafarul saidumloze metad

bundovani Cans. mkvlevari, albaT, gulebis mkvidrTa guliTadobaze

amaxvilebs yuradRebas, an sxva ram aqvs mxedvelobaSi. samagierod, aWaris

folklori am toponims konkretul istorias ukavSirebs da

niSandoblivia, rom masSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia Tamar mefes da

osmalebTan brZolis Temas ukavia.

toponim gulebTan dakavSirebiT saintereso masala mogvawoda am

soflis mkvidrma roman^diasamiZem: `sofel gulebis Tavze miuval

adgilas, Caqvisa da gulebis sazRvarze, mdgara eklesia. xalxi am

eklesias Tamaris eklesias eZaxis. aqaurebs es eklesia specialurad

miuval adgilas auSenebiaT. winaprebisGgadmocemis Tanaxmad, Turme

Tamari aq dadioda da RamiTac rCebodao. Aam eklesias erTi mxridan

hqonia misasvleli da isic gzasTan sami metris xramiT yofila

daSorebuli. Ggadasasvleli saSualeba _ xeebisagan gakeTebuli Zeli

yofila. am Zels Tu ar gadebdnen, eklesiaSi Sesvla SeuZlebeli iyo

mimsvlelTaTvis. roca axlobeli midioda, xids (Zels) gasdebdnen, mere

ki isev Seinaxavdnen. eklesiis gadasasvlelTan guSagi yaraulobda, Tu

vinme mteri gamoCndeboda, sxvebsac gaagebinebda da mters medgrad

moigeriebdnen. erTxelac am eklesias Tormeti SeiraRebuli dasxmia Tavs,

maT am siwmindis xelyofa ganuzraxavT. eklesiis guSags Tormetive kaci

mouklavs da sxvebis dasaSineblad TormetivesTvis guli amouclia da

jvarze wamoucvams, es jvari ki yvelasaTvis uCvenebia. Aamis Semdeg am

102

sofels `gulebi~ darqmevia~ (mTq. r. diasamiZe. dab. da mcx. sof gulebSi.

Caviw. 2006 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #132; 133; 134; 135).

Oosmaluri mmarTvelobis dros `aWaraSi gamahmadianebis saqme erTob

gaZnelebula. zogierTi moxucebuli kacebi da nametur dedakacebi

qristianobaze mtkiced idgnen da Tan osmalos mola-xojebsac

ekamaTebodnen da edavebodnen... aseT adamianTa ricxvi am kuTxeSi didi

yofila...bolos mTavrobisgan aseTi brZaneba gamosula, rom yvela egeni

daiWireT da gaamahmadianeTo, Tu ar gaamahmadiandnen, mere daxoceTo.

male aWaris moxucebulebi SeukrebiaT da aqa-iq cixeebSi daumwyvdeviaT,

eseni aWariswylis SesarTavTan miurekiaT, sadac Zvelad Tamar mefis

xidi yofila masze gaukeTebiaT TavsakveTi. Aaq moxuc qristianebs Tavs

sWridnen, mere enis wversa da faSas ugzavnidnen (WiWinaZe 1910).

osmalos agresiasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi toponimuri gadmocema

hagiografiul Sablons imeorebs. cxadia, aq naklebad mosalodnelia

literaturuli gavlena da gadamwyveti mniSvneloba unda mieniWos

saerTo Tematikas. am gadmocemebis usaxelo gmirebi qristiani mowameebi

arian.

sofel kirnaTis mowameebs Seexeba xelvaCauris raionis sofel zemo

CxutuneTis mkvidr qazim kaxiZis monaTxrobi, romelic mas asi wlis

dedisgan gaugonia: `sofel kirnaTSi Turqebi rom Semosulan, maTi

pirveli mizani xalxis gaTaTreba yofila. isini yvela Rones xmarobdnen,

rom am kuTxeSi ZirZveli rwmena CaenacvlebinaT sxva sarwmunoebiT, am

kuTxis xalxi ki rwmenis gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT yofila

gamorCeuli. Turqebs maTTvis veraferi mouxerxebiaT. maT

adgilobrivebisaTvis qoneba, simdidre da pativi SeuTavazebiaT, magram

aqaurebs isini uariT gaustumrebiaT. gawbilebul Turqebs aseTi

xerxisTvis miumarTavT. erT dRes sofelSi, sadac 50 komli cxovrobda,

gamoucxadebiaT _ an gamuslimandebiT, an adidebul WoroxSi SexvalT da

gadacuravTo. Tu vinme Woroxs mSvidobianad gadacuravda, mis ojaxs

xelSeuxeblobasa da qristianad darCenas hpirdebodnen, Tu ara da

sikvdiliT dasjidnen. gamahmadianebul ojaxs ki fufunebasa da

yovelgvari gadasaxadisgan gaTavisuflebas aRuTqvamdnen. am soflis 50

komli arc ki dafiqrebula, ise Sesula adidebul WoroxSi, amaTgan

103

mxolod xuTi gadarCenila, xolo danarCenebi Woroxis msxverplad

qceulan. am adgils mosaxleobis nawili `wiTel xids~ eZaxis~. (ixileT

danarTi #136; 137; 138).

es gadmocema mravali motiviT gvagonebs uZveles hagiografiul

testebs èvstaTi mcxeTelis wamebasa~ da àbo Tbilelis wamebas~

(simdidrisa da pativis SeTavazeba, mowameebis uryevoba da a. S), magram,

yuradsaRebia sxva garemoebac. saqme is aris, rom mTqmelebis nawili am

ambavs `wiTel xids~ ki ar ukavSirebs, aramed mis mimdebare teritorias.

maTi azriT, saxelwodeba `wiTel xidi~ ruseTis mmarTvelobis drosaa

gaCenili. es SesaZloa marTlac ase iyos, radgan amave gadmocemis

saukunis winandel versiaSi, romelic zaqaria WiWinaZes qedis raionis

sofel merisSi mcxovrebi moxucisgan Cauweria, toponimi wiTeli xidi ar

figurirebs: `ZaliT gamahmadianebuli qristianobdnen da eseni saidumlod

Roris xorcsac Wamdnen. am ambiT molebi gadareulan da uTqvamT _

sTqviT, rom dReidan TaTrebi xarT, qristianobaze xels iRebT da Roris

xorcs aRar sWamTo. mosaxleobisagan sastiki uari miuRiaT, molas

sapasuxod ganucxadebia _ raki ar SegiZliaT, maS SediT mag WoroxSi da

vinc Sig gacurdeba, gaRma gava, is gadarCeba qristianad, vinc ar Seva,

imas xmali daxvdeba ukan. amaze bevri SeSinebula da ganucxadebiaT, rom

dReidan namdvili mahmadianebi viqnebiT da yvela brZanebas

SevasrulebTo. vinc winaRmdegi yofila, isini sul Sesulan WoroxSi;

Woroxi am dros didi yofila da yvela es sabraloebi Sig damxCvalan da

da erTic ar gasula gaRma. am dros qveda maradidSi 50 komli iyo yvela

eseni WoroxSi ise daiRupnen qristianobis gulisaTTvis, rom rom

sofelSi xuTi komliRa darCao~ (WiWinaZe 1859: 84).

toponimi `wiTeli xidi~ gviandelic rom iyos, erTi ram cxadia:

mowameTa sisxlisRvris istoria saxeliT Sesatyvis adgils daukavSirda.

`wiTeli xidis~ gadmocema mravali motiviT gvagonebs jalaledinis

mier asi aTasi Tbiliseli qristiani mowamis mosrvis istorias,

romelzec JamTaaRmwereli mogviTxrobs: èsreT ra Zlierad ÃelT-igdo

qalaqi sultanman, kualad iwyo uborotesTa borotTa qmnad qristianeTa

zeda. esoden mZÂnvared mosrvida, romel savse iyvnes folocni, xramni da

Ãnarcuni moklulTa mier, da umravles mkudarTa mtkuarsa Seuteobdes.

104

amasTan arave damSÂdna cudrjuli igi da bilwi, moigona sxuaca

siborote, romlisa Ãseneba sircxvil miCns, glovaTa da cremlTa mier

Sevicvebi, Tu viTar ganvarisxeT mowyale da Semwynarebeli RmerTi

araSewyalebad Cuenda: iwyo rRuevad eklesiaTa, vidre safuZveladmde

aRfxura, romlisaTÂs ikadra da Ãel-yo sionisa gumbadsa Semusrvad da

zeda bilwisa sajdomisa misisa aRSenebad, romeli-igi ÃidiTa maRliTa

da grZliTa ganÃida aRslvad. da eseca SesZina, rameTu xati uflisa

Cuenisa iesos qristesi da yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa, romeli

sions mkÂdr iyo, brZana moyvanebad da Ãidisa Sesavalsa dadebad pir

aRmarTa, da brZana yovelTa maT pyrobilTa qristianeTa, mamaTa da

dedaTa, iZulebiT daTrgunva patiosanTa xatTa da dateveba sjulisa,

ukeTu ara yon, warkueTa TavTa. da viTar aRasrulebdes brZanebulsa,

mohyvandes mamakacni dedaTa Tana da aiZulebdes esreT yofad. mravalTa

ukue brwyinvale Zleva aCuenes ara Tavsdebad Seuracxebad wmidaTa xatTa

da datevebad sjulisa. xolo mravali simravle mamaTa da dedaTa ipova

axovnad, romelTa miiRes gÂrgÂni wamebisa, romlisa aRracxva SeuZlebel

ars simravlisaTÂs, rameTu vhgoneb, viTarmed aT bevr aRiwia ricxÂ

moklulTa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 2006: 541).

osmalos dampyroblebis sisastikeze dokumenturi cnobebic arsebobs:

`1853 wels omi kavkasiaSi Taviseburad warimarTa. igi aq sruliad

moulodnelad daiwyo. jer kidev ruseTis jari saTanadod ar iyo

ganlagebuli sabrZolo moqmedebisaTvis, rom 16 noembers, RamiT,

Turqebma sofel SekveTilTan 5-aTasiani jari gadmosxes. kapitan

SCerbakovis meTaurobiT aq ruseTis jaris arasruli ori aseuli idga

ori qvemexiT. miuxedavad gmiruli brZolisa, mcirericxvovani nawili

TiTqmis sruliad ganadgurebuli iqna. sofelSi Turqebma sazareli

mxecoba Caidines. iq myofi Cinovniki mucelze gaWres da mizanSi srola

dauwyes. adgilobriv mRvdels Tavi gadaxerxes, daxoces mosaxleoba,

erTi fexmZime qals muceli gauWres da jer kidev cocxali bavSvi dedis

Tvalwin nakuwebad aqcies~ (tarle 1853: II).

Qqristianuli aRmsareblobis gamo aWarlebis awiokebaze mravali

xalxuri gadmocema mogviTxrobs, romlebic adastureben, rom mters

TavsakveTebi da saxrCobelebi hqondaT mowyobili aWariswyalze, qedaSi,

105

dandaloSi, CaqvSi, xuloSi, SuaxevSi da sxv. aRniSnul faqtebze

amaxvilebs yuradRebas profesori S. futkaraZe: `istoriul zemo

qarTlSi osmalTa batonobis dros erovnuli damoukideblobisa da

qristianobisaTvis brZolas bevri sicocxle emsxverpla. saubedurod,

istorias ar SemorCa maTi saxelebi, usaxelod darCenil wamebulebs

saTvalavi ar eyofaT. cnobilia, rom mdinareebis _ mtkvris, Woroxisa da

aWariswylis gaswvriv bevrgan TavsakveTi adgilebi iyo mowyobili.

wamebulebs wyalSi yridnen, wyali wiTlad iRebeboda. wamebulTa gvamebi

xis Savi kunZebiviT mihqonda SewiTlebul mdinares” (futkaraZe #253, 2002:

4).

gamonakliss warmoadgens sofel akeTasa da kakaSvilebis Sesaxeb

arsebuli gadmocemebi, romlebsac qristiani mowameebis saxelebic

Semounaxavs.

akeTel mowamis – konstantines Sesaxeb gadmocema S. rusiZes

adgilobriv suleiman mustafisZe dumbaZisgan Cauweria. mTqmeli momswre

yofila qedis raionis sofel meZibnaSi, CdiloeTiT maRal borcvze

arsebuli eklesiis nangrevebisa. misi gadmocemiT: `aq sofeli akeTa iyoo.

mahmadianuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebas xalxi did winaaRmdegobas

uwevda. james agebis Semdegac, nawili mcxovreblebisa, eklesiaSi mainc

midiodnen salocavad. Aam sofelSi yofila vinme kostantine, didad

morwmuneda erTguli qristianuli sarwmunoebisa. Llocvis dros is

molas Seupyria daukravs naZvis xeze da wauTrevia jamemde, romelic

imyofeboda 500 metrSi, magram miuxedavad aseTi wamebisa kostantines

mainc ar miuRia mahmadianuri sarwmunoeba da daRupula~ (rusiZe, narkvevi

aWariswylis xeobis. ozurgeTis istoriuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb #135 -


qedis raionis sofel qeSioRlebSi aris qedi, romelic kakaSvilebis

saxels ukavSirdeba. gadmocemis mixedviT, `TurqTa batonobis xanaSi aq

cxovrobda erTi metad sapatio da Rrmad moxuci pirovneba, saxelad kaka.

Turqebma moxucs gamahmadianeba mosTxoves, razedac uari miiRes. maSin

momxvdurebma ori axalgazrda wiflis kenwero gadmodrikes da moxuci

gaafTxiles: Tu ar gamahmadiandeboda, kenweroebs fexebze moambamdnen da

Suaze gaglejdnen. sarwmunoebis damcveli moxuci ar SeuSinda am xvedrs

106

da mowamebrivad aResrula. madlierma STamomavlobam mis Svilebs

kakaSvilebi uwoda, xolo qeds, sadac moxuci awames _ `kakaSvilebis

qedi~ (maxaraZe 2010: 129-130 - ixileT danarTi #140).

gadmocemebis mTeli cikli eZvneba gvancasa da lelas, romlebic,

zogierTi versiis mixedviT, qalwulmowameebi iyvnen.

esma cincaZis monaTxrobis mixedviT, `sof. dandaloSi aris gora,

romelsac gvancasa da lelas goras uwodeben. am goraze cxovrobdnen

debi gvanca da lela, romlebic gamuslumanebas gaqcevian, am goraze

damalulan da Cumad xalxSi qristianobis SenarCunebas qadagebdnen. erTi

boroti dedakaci lelasa da gvancas RamiT Cumad ukan gahyolia da maTi

samalavi aRmouCenia. samalavi maRali mTis kldeze yofila, gamoqvabuls

magari kari hqonia. dedabers SiT Sesvla da daTvaliereba gadauwyvetia,

magram kari ver gauRia da mas uTqvams, kldea es kari Tu ra ario? amis

mere am adgilisTvis `kldekari~ daurqmeviaT. dedabers es debi soflis

muftTan dausmenia, maTi adgilsamyofeli uswavlebia. TviTon

mzakvrulad daaxloebia, debi moutyuebia da TurqTa xelSi Caugdia.

Turqebs maTi sulTanTan wayvana gadauwyvetiaT, radganac debi Zalian

lamazebi yofilan. Sepyrobil debs goris gadasasvlelTan cxeni

daufrTxiaT da xramSi gadaCexilan. amis mere am adgilisaTvis xalxs

lelasa da gvancas gora daurqmeviaT” (mTq. e. cincaZe. piradi arqivi, 2011

w - ixileT danarTi #141; 142).

z. WiWinaZis wignSi `qarTvelebis gamahmadianeba anu islamis

gavrceleba dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebSi XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi~

mohyavs moxuci aWarelis naambobi: `aWaraSi gamahmadianebis saqme erTob

gaZnelebula. zogierTi moxucebuli kacebi da nametur dedakacebi

qritianobaze mtkiced idgnen da Tan osmalos xoja-molebsac

ekamaTebodnen... aseT moxucTa ricxvi aWaraSi didi yofila... bolos

mTavrobisagan aseTi brZaneba gamosula, rom yvela egeni daiWireT da

gaamahmadianeT, Tu ar gaamahmadiandnen, mere daxoceTo. Mmale aWaris

moxucebulebi SeukrebiaT aqa-iq, cixeebSi daumwyvdeviaT, eseni

aWariswylis SesarTavTan miurekiaT, sadac Zvelad Tamar mefis xidi

yofila. Aam xidze daudviaT Tav-sakveTi. Mmoxuc qristianebs Tavs

107

sWridnen, mere enis wversa da faSas ugzavnidnen: Tavsa da tans ki

WoroxSi yridnen (WiWinaZe 1910: - ixileT danarTi #143).

mtris agresiaze saubroben xulos raionis sofel uCxos mkvidrnic:

`Zvelebis gadmocemiT, aWarlebi ZaliT gaumuslimanebiaT. maTi

gamahmadianeba dauwyiaT baTumidan. medgari winaaRnamdegoba maWaxlis

xeobas gauwevia, mere TandaTan wamosulan zeviT, aseTive winaaRmdegoba

SexvedriaT qedaSi. Turqebs dasaSineblad da sawameblad `Tamaris

xidebze~ hqoniaT mowyobili TavsakveTebi da `talavarji~ (sarCobela),

sadac mihyavdaT da sjidnen qristian morwmuneebs. amis Sedegad, mTeli

aWaris mosaxleoba TiTqmis gaunadgurebiaT. qedaSi 1500 kaci CamoukidiaT

talavarjze da xalxs erTi kviras ayurebiebdnen. Azogi Tamaris xidze

gayavdnen da Tavs Wridnen. qedaSi naxevarze meti gamwydara. aseve kavianis

cixesTan Wvanelebic CamouxCviaT~ (mTq. o. abulaZe 75 w. 2011 sofel uCxos

mkvidri, Ppiradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #144).

SuaxevSi, Ciruxisa da uCambiswylebis SesarTavTan, SemaRlebul

adgilas mdebareobs Zveli cixis nangrevi. aqaurebSi mis aSenebas Tamar

mefes ukavSireben da mas `Tamaris cixed~ moixseneben. mosaxleobis

nawili ki am cixes `yale-boins~ eZaxis. `yaleiboini~ Turquli sityvaa

(`yale~ _ cixe, `boini~ _ qedi, adamianis kiseri), am saxelis warmoSobas

isini aWaraSi osmalTa agresias ukavSireben: `osmalebs erTad SeuyriaT

mimdebare soflebis mkvidrni, maTTvis SeuTavazebiaT cxovrebis ukeTesi

pirobebi, wyaloba, sanacvlod ki mouTxoviaT sarwmunoebis Secvla.

SemoTavazebaze uars Tu ityodnen, osmalebi sikvdiliT emuqrebodnen.

urCTa dasasjelad osmaloebs Tavis mosakveTi adgili gaukeTebiaT.

pirveli versiiT, TavsakveTi cixeSi mouwyviaT, romlis bolo kedelSi

gadioda, saidanac dasjilis sxeuli pirdapir mdinareSi vardeboda,

xolo meore versiiT, TavsakveTi pirdapir mdinareze gadebul xidze

hqondaT aRmarTuli. cixeSi miyvanil aWaris mkvidrebs uari uTqvamT

islamis miRebaze. ganrisxebuli Turqebs ki am xidze mravali

qristianisTvis Tavi moukveTiaT da mdinareSi gadauyriaT, mowameebis

sisxliT mdinare wiTlad SeRebila. saRamos kokispiruli wvima mosula,

mTebSi mdinareebi adidebula, Rvarcofi wamosula da is adgili da

108

mimdebare teritoria mTlianad waulekavs (miqelaZe: 2010-362 - ixileT

danarTi #145).

i. sixaruliZe yaleboinis cixeze wers, rom werilobiT wyaroebSi

raime cnoba an Tqmuleba, am cixis Sesaxeb ar moipoveba. xalxuri

gadmocemiT, Tamar mefis aSenebul am cixeSi osmalebi qristianobisTvis

Tavdadebul qarTvel mamuliSvilebs Tavs kveTdnen, ris gamoc ewoda

`yalaboinio~, radgan `yala” Turqulad cixes niSnavs `boini” ki kisers

(sixaruliZe 1958: 156) amasve imeorebs x. axvledianic, magram arafers

ambobs imaze, Tu ratom iwoda am saxeliT es cixe (axvlediani 1970: 145).

yalaboins eZaxian sofel darCiZeebisY(gogolauris) cixesac (mareTis

xeoba).

cxmorissa da dandalos Soris aris adgili, romelsac

`navaranaeuli~ hqvia. am adgils amJamad mosaxleoba saTesad iyenebs. Zvel

droSi aq sofeli yofila. osmalebis Semosvlisas isini sarwmunoebas

Seewirnen da sofeli gavernebula. amis mere darqmevia am adgils

`navaranaeuli~. Aam soflis mosaxleobidan Turqebs xuTi gogona

moswonebiaT, gamourCeviaT dasasjeli xalxisgan, isini osmaleTSi

wasayvanad moumzadebiaT, magram es gogonebi mimxvdaran da faSebis

`xasobasa~ da namusis Sercxvenas cxmorisis mdinareSi Tavis daxrCoba

urCeviaT. xuTive xididan gadamxtara da Tavi mouklavs (mTq. d. takiZe.

dab. sof. dandaloSi da mcx. daba xelvaCaurSi. 43 w. 2009 w. piradi arqivi

- ixileT danarTi #146).

analogiuri legenda sofel sofel gobroneTTan arsebuli

`varaneulis~ Sesaxebac arsebobs: `varaneulis mkvidrTaTvis rjulis

Secvlis mosurne osmal dampyroblebs soflis mcxovreblebi dandalos

xidTan miurekiaT, xidze XII s-is wminda giorgis darbeuli eklesiidan

gamotanili xatebi dauyriaT da xalxisaTvis maTze gadavla ubrZanebiaT.

osmalos askerebi maTraxebiTa da xmlebiT darevian xalxs, magram arc

erT adamians nabijic ar warudgams win. maSin Cvilebi xelidan

gamouglejiaT dedebisaTvis, xidze gauyvaniaT da haerSi aqneulebs

xmliT Suaze kveTdnen da wyalSi yridnen. amis damnaxavi dedebic

pirdapir aqafebul wyalSi cviodnen Turme. Mmagram mainc ar Semdrkalan

varaneulelebi. Bbolos xuTi ymawvili qali SeurCeviaT haramxanisaTvis

109

osmalebs, magram Sua xidze isinic xelidan dasxltomian mters da

wiTlad SeRebil aWariswyalSi gadaSvebulan. gaCanagebuli da

gaveranebuli soflisaTvis varaneuli (veraneuli) uwodebiaT (noRaideli

2010: 241-242) - ixileT danarTi #147).

Turqul_qarTuli warmomavlobis toponimebi yanliRele

(zotiyelidan guriaSi gadasasvlel gzaze) da yanlic (goderZis

uReltexilTan) xalxis mexsierebaSi osmaleTis agresias ukavSirdeba,

radgan `yanli~ Turqulad sisxls niSnavs.

aseT sofelTa siaSi i. sixaruliZe asaxelebs `dRvans~, romelic

osmalebs gauCanagebiaT da mogvianebiT isev aRorZinebula: `TurqTa

gabatonebamde aWaraSi es sofeli mWidrod yofila dasaxlebuli, mama-

papuri qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacvisa da gamahmadianebaze sastiki

winaaRmdegobisas mcxovreblebi Turqebs sul gauJletiaT, xolo sofeli

gadaubugavT. Aase ukacrieli yofila igi karga xans, vidre bolos iq

dasaxldeboda maWaxlis sofel safutkreTidan sami Zma, ufrosi Zmis

ridRvanis iniciativiT~. mis sapatisacemulod, ridRvanis mixedviT, am

soflisTvis `dRvani~ daurqmeviaT (sixaruliZe 1958: 158 - ixileT danarTi

#148). amaves amtkiceben CxutuneTSi darCenili futkaraZeebi (mTq. r.

futkaraZe. 2009 w. 45 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #149).

sofel qiZiniZeebis SemogarenSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mravali

qristianuli toponimi fiqsirdeba: `wmindiseri~, `nasaydrali~, sajvarebo~

da `nawirvali~. aqaurTa gadmocemiT, `nasaydralisa~ da `wmindiseris~

midamoebSi adre wm. Bberebi cxovrobdnen, romlebic osmalos agresiis

mere aRar gamoCenilan. Turqebi yvela qristians emterebodnen da

gansakuTrebiTo wm. mamebs. Mmtris Semosevis Semdeg aqaurebs xat-jvrebi

gautaniaT da soflis ganapira adgilas miwaSi CauflavT. morwmuneebi ki

RamiT midiodnen salocavze da loculobdneno (v. niJaraZe. 50. w. dab. da

mcx. sof. qiZiniZeebSi. Cai w. Nn. niJaraZem 2002. w. piradi arqivi). nawili ki

ambobs, rom aq jvarsac iwerdneno (r. abaSiZe, 80 w. dab. da mcx. sof.

qiZiniZeebSi. 2010. piradi arqivi).

wmindiseris daqanebaze aris adgili, sadac momcro eklesia mdgara.

Turqebis Semosvlis mere aqaurebs RamiTAam eklesiasTan gautaniaT da

miwaSi CaumarxavT ramdenime jvari. Aam jvrebs aqaurebi didxans

110

malavdnen, RamiT am adgilebSi midiodnen da loculobdnen, ris gamocAam

adgils `sajvarebo~ daarqves. 100 wlis CiCeg abaSiZis gadmocemiT,

soflis xalxi mniSvnelovan ambavs im qvebTan (eklesiis qvebs

gulisxmobs) wyvetda. iq naTqvam-gadawyvetils veravin Secvlidao (mTq. C.

abaSiZe, 95 w. Caiwera da momawoda r. m ukutaZe, dab. s. jabniZeebSi da mcx.

sof qiZiniZeebSi 2003 w. piradi arqivi - ixileT danarTi #150).

sxalTidan 7 km-is daSorebiT aris patara sofeli `Zmagula~,

romlis erT-erT ubansA `namonastrevi~ // àmaRleba~ ewodeba. Aam

toponimis warmomavlobas aqaurebi Semdegnairad xsnian: ùZveles dros

Cven winapars aq auSenebiaT eklesia, amaRlebaSi eklesiis xucesad aqauri

mRvdeli ganuwesebiaT, xolo es eklesia ki amaRlebis dRes gaxsnila da

amitomac àmaRleba~ rqmevia am adgils. mtris Semosvlis mere es

adgilebi ZaliT gaumahmadianebiaT, magram mRvdeli Turme Tavisas ar

iSlida da wirvas mainc atarebda. erT-erTi wirvis dros, roca zari

irekeboda, mosulan Turqebi, xucesi SeupyriaT da sastikad uwamebiaT -

miwaSi CaukiravT. masTan misvlis saSualeba aravisze miuciaT da

adgilzeve gardacvlila. Aam mRvdels hyolia Zma, saxelad gula,

romelic am ambis Semdeg im midamobSi dasaxlebula, sadac àmaRlebis

eklesia idga da cxovrebac iq gaugrZelebia. amitomac am ubans `Zmagula~

darqmevia (mTq. a. gorgilaZe, dab. 1950 w. da mcx. sof. WerSi. 2012 w. piradi

arqivi - ixileT danarTi #151).

sof. ZmagulaSi j. jayels 1972 wels zabiT gorgilaZisgan aseTi

ambavi Cauweria: ùnamusobis an kacis RalatisTvin, kaci iqneboda Tu

qali, deisjebodnen. Meiyvandnen soflis Sua adgilze da muusjidnen

amokirvas. Amokiravdnen welamdi da datevdnen. gamvlel-gamomvleli qvas

Semokravda. roicxa rom waxdeboda, qvebs ayridnen da ise ierbier

(adgilzeve) datevdnen~ (nbifa, saqme #137, gv. 35 - ixileT danarTi #152;

153). mTqmeli aseve dasZens, rom dasjis am xerxs Turqebic iyenebdnen

qarTvel morwmuneebis dasaSineblad.

xulos raionis sofel kvatiaSi dResacaa SemorCenili bebia-

SviliSvilis daRupvis ambavi, romelic aseve osmalebis Semosevas

ukavSirdeba: `Turqebis Semosvlis Semdeg aWaraSi eSinodaT lamazi

Svilis yola da ityodnen, netai ar gamCenodao. sxalTisken mimaval

111

bebiasa da SviliSvils Soridan SeuniSnavT Turqi askerebi, ukan dasaxevi

gza ar hqoniaT an amaT unda CavardnodaT xelSi an daRupuliyvnen. Bbebia

arc ki dafiqrebula_Tavisi lamazi SviliSvili gulSi Caukravs da

kldeze gadaSvebula. Mmoxucs sikvdili aurCevia, oRondac Turqebis

xarWa ar gamxdariyo misi SviliSvili. Aam adgils aqaurebi `dedabris

safrinavs~ eZaxian (mTq. xozrevaniZe, dab. Dda mcx. sofel kvatiaSi, 74 w.

piradi arqivi, 2005 w - ixileT danarTi #154; 155). am toponimis

warmoSobasTan dakavSirebiT analogiuri versia Cauweria mkvlevar daviT

SavianiZes: `yvelaze gvian xixanis xeobis soflebi gamuslimanebula. erT

dedabers lamazi SviliSvili hyolia. is rom TaTrebs ar Cavardnoda da

muhajirobis bedi ar swveoda, sakuTar SviliSvilTan Caxutebuli kldeze

gadavardnila. amis Semdeg darqmevia am adgils `dedabris safrinavi~

(SavianiZe 2009: 166 - ixileT danarTi #156).

samarTlianad aRniSnavs j. noRaideli: `osmalTa batonobis dros,

osmaleTidan yvela juris borotmoqmeds aWaraSi gzavnidnen. im dros

avazakoba, Zarcva-gleja da xalxis awiokeba gaxSirebuli yofila

aWaraSi. Aamas Tan erTvoda mefis moxeleebisa da adgilobriv beg-aRebis

aRviraxsniloba, rac xalxs unugeSo mdgomareobaSi ayenebda~ (aWaris

xalxuri sityviereba, aWaris samxareTmcodneo samecniero-kvleviTi

instituti. wigni meore, jemal noRaidelis mier Sekrebili da

damuSavebuli. Mmissive Sesavali werili, SeniSvnebi, avtorTa saZiebeli

daleqsikoni. aWariss saxelgami, 1941 w. gv. 230).

Suaxevis raionis sofel nigazeulSi aris ramdenime adgili,

romlebsac osmalTa Zalmomreobis istoriebi ukavSirdeba. esenia: `qufTa

Rele~, `cxramuxli Rele~, `manCxauri~ da `mariamxevi~. es gadmocemebi

mahmadian qarTvel qalebs Seexeba da osmalTagan daniSnuli faSebisa da

mufTebis Zaladobas asaxavs.

`qufTa RelesTan~ dakavSirebuli gadmocemis mixedviT, am soflis

mkvidri mahmadiani qali Sehyvarebia faSis somex ymas (mosamsaxures).

faSas rom gaugia es ambavi, mosamsaxurec da Tavisi orsuli sacole

faSis ymebs miuyvaniaT mdinaresTan da `qufTa-qufTad~ (nawil-nawil)

uqceviaT da daCexili gvamebi mdinarisTvis gautanebiaT, ris gamoc xalxs

am RelisTvis `qufTa Rele~ daurqmevia (mTq. Qq. kekeliZe, dabad. Dda mcx.

112

sofel nigazeulSi, 79 w. masala momawoda n. ximSiaSvilma 2008 w -


nigazeulis mkvidrma naTela kakalaZem Cagvawerina gadmocema

`cxramuxliRelis~ Sesaxeb: `Turqobis dros am sofelSi, aqaur begebTan

stumrad Turqebi dadiodnen. aq mosul mufTebs Turme Zalian moswondaT

aWareli qalebi, magram aqauri qalebi Tavisi nebiT arasodes mihyvebodnen

Turqebs. erTxel, mufTs xalxis Cumad erTi gasaTxovari gogona

moutyuebia, SiSiTa da ZaliT Seucdenia da daufexmZimebia. am gogonas es

ambavi SiSiT aravisTvis gaumxelia. garkveuli drois Semdeg SeuniSnavT

mSoblebs, axloblebs, Tanasoflelebs _ gadareulan, rogor gagvibedao

da misi dasja gadauwyvetiaT. soflelebs es gogona muxlebze

dauCoqebiaT da rogorc ojaxisa da soflis Semrcxveneli orRobeebSi

daCoqili CamoutarebiaT. bolos soflis patara mdinaresTan misvlamde

cxra muxli (muxli - manZilis sazomad gamoiyeneboda) hqonia darCenili,

roca es fexmZime qali nerviulobisagan gardacvlila. Ggasisxlianebuli

cxedari soflelebs mdinareSi CaugdiaT da RorRi miuyriaT. am

adgilsac da mdinaresac amis Semdeg `cxramuxliRele~ uwodebiaT~ (mTq.

n. kakalaZe, dab. Dda mcx. sofel nigazeulSi, 70 w. masala momawoda n.

ximSiaSvilma 2008 w - ixileT danarTi #158; 159).

toponim manCxaurze gadmocemis mixedviT, `TaTrebi rom SemeiWrnen,

yvela jiSis yurZeni amoZirkves da koconebi daanTes, soflis erT patara

ubanSi axalcixidan moyvanil rZals Txemlisa da naZvis totebis qveS

daemala `Cxaveras~ nergi. Ees qali Zalian lamazi yofila. Mmowonebia

soflis mufTs, magram qals ver iTanxmebda. Worikana qalebma saidumlo

gasces. am qals esma rqmevia. mufTisTvis uTqvamT nergebis saidumlo,

isedac gadareul mufTs mizezi unaxavs da qali cxenis kudze gamoubams,

im yurZnis lerwebiT xel-fexi Seukravs da soflis orRobeebSi aTrevina

cxens, rogorc Sercxvenili qali. am ubans dResac `manCxauri~ hqvia.

dResacaa aq Cxaveras jiSis yurZeni~ (mTq. Nn. kakalaZe, dabad. Dda mcx.

sofel nigazeulSi, 70 w. masala momawoda n. ximSiaSvilma 2008 w -


amave sofelSi aris adgili saxelad `mariamxevi~ sadac osmalTa

morigi msxverpli mariami gamxdara. mariami lamazi qali yofila, mufTi

113

gadahkidebia. misi xelSi Cagdeba moundomebia, magram mariams uari

uTqvams. erT mSvenier dRes Casafrebia da dasdevnebia. qals ukan dasaxevi

gza ar hqonia da piradpir xevisken auRia gezi. xalxs dauZaxnia: mariam,

xevio, magram mariami ar SeCerebula da am xevSi gadaCexila. xalxs

xevisTvis mariamxevi Seurqmevia” (mTq. Nn. kakalaZe, dabad. Dda mcx. sofel

nigazeulSi, 70 w. masala momawoda. ximSiaSvilma, 2008 w - ixileT

danarTebi #161; 162; 163; 164; 165; 166; 167; 168; 169).

saistorio gadmocemebSi realisturad aris asaxuli me-17_18

sukuneebis dasavleTi saqarTvelos socialur-politikuri viTareba. Aam

ciklis xalxur TqmulebaTa Tema osmalTa winaaRmdeg. aWaris mkvidrTa

brZolebs asaxavs.

114

Tavi VI. selim ximSiaSvili da masTan dakavSirebuli

Tqmuleba-gadmocema

arsebuli cnobebis mixedviT, socialur-ekonomikurad daCagruli

aWaris mosaxleoba winaaRmdegobas uwevda Turqebs. isini xsnas

samSoblosagan moelodnen. Ppalgrevi 1872 wlis angariSSi iuwyeboda, rom

aWaris mosaxleobas saerTod sZuls osmaleTis mTavroba, mosaxleoba

SeiaraRebulia da sruliad ar aris morCilio (Отчет консула Пальгрева за

лето 1873 год. ИКОИРГО. Т. VII, №2. 1882-1883. Стр. 56). istoriuli wyaroebidan

rogorc cnobilia, rom aWaris saqarTvelosTan dabrunebis sakiTxi

yovelTvis yofila qarTvel mefeTa safiqrali, magram osmalo Seuvali

da ulmobeli iyo. am sakiTxebis mosagvareblad ara erTi saidumlo

molaparakeba uwarmoebia selim ximSiaSvils qarTvel mefeebsa da

TavadebTan. wyaroTa Tanaxmad `erekle mefe aWarisadmi interess

yovelTvis iCenda, gansakuTrebiT 1792 wels, roca selimis meTaurobiT

aWaraSi antiosmaluri ajanyeba moxda. amasTan dakavSirebiT erekle ioseb

miSkarbaSs/bebuTaSvils 1758-1822 swerda: ,,mere Seni werili mogvivida da

rac mogeweraT, yvela SevityveT. aWaris ambavic SevityveT” (saqarTvelos

siZveleni t. III. 1910: 60-68). werilobiTi wyaroebi mowmoben, rom aWaris

bedi didad aRelvebda darejan dedofalsac, romelic samuslimano

saqarTvelos gamoxsnis erT-erT meTaurad selim ximSiaSvils Tvlida, es

maT mimoweraSi Cans: `.. kidev unda ecado, selim-aRa kargad daiWire

xelSi-“o (saqarTvelos siZveleni t. III. 1910: 61).

saqarTvelos mefisa da didebulebis keTilganwyobam, selims xeli

Seuwyo, aWaraSi Tavisi ideebis gasaxorcieleblad efiqra da maTi

daxmarebiT, am kuTxis saqme sisruleSi moeyvana. Cvenda samwuxarod,

samuslimano saqarTvelos gamoxsnis es idea mTlianad gaqarwylda maSin,

roca ruseTis imperetorma pavle pirvelma daarRvia georgievskis

xelSekruleba, isargebla saqarTvelos samefo karze Seqmnili

areulobiT da gamosca reskripti, romlis mixedviT, qarTl-kaxeTis

samefo gaauqma. selimi iZulebuli Seiqmna aWaris gasaTavisufleblad

daxmareba ruseTisaTvis eTxova. is ioseb miSkarbaS-bebuTaSvilis

meSveobiT 1802 wels amyarebs kavSirs pavle cicianovTan, romelsac

swerda: `mermeT amis uwinaT mogaxseneT, me movedi, roma Cvensa da Sens

115

Sua mSvidoba samudamod damtkicebuli iyoso” (saq. siZveleni. t. 3. 1910:

92). 1803 wels cicianovi gamoxmaurebia selimis werilebs da sapasuxod

wers: `me eWvi ar mepareba imaSi, rom Tqveni aRmatebuleba dedamiwaze ori

umZlavresi imperiis megobruli kavSirisa da saqarTvelos mimarT Tqveni

keTili survilebis gamo SemdegSiac miiRebT aseT zomebs... sruli imedi

maqvs mowyaleo xelmwifev, rom saqarTvelosaTvis kargi gsurT... ” (aqtebi.

t. II, 1868: 892); (rus. Eenaze). mamuliSvilisadmi generlis dadebiT

damokidebulebas gamoxatavda isic, rom selimisTvis samTuRiani faSis

wodebis miniWeba pavle cicianovs weriliT miulocavs. Man faSasa da mis

moxeleebs sxvadasxva saxis saCuqrebic gamougzavna (axvlediani 1956: 83).

selimis gansakuTrebul yuradReba imiT iyo ganpirobebuli rom igi

ruseTSi aWaris mxsnels xedavda, amitomac iyo, rom is pirad

bednierebaze xSirad uars ambobda, oRondac saqveyno saqmeebi

mogvarebuliyo. ruseTis poziciiT daimedebulma selimma zurgi Seaqcia

osmalebs. Ees maSinac gamoCnda, roca 1807 wels ruseT_TurqeTis mier

yarsTan gamarTuli brZolis dros selim-faSam jari ar gamoiyvana,

riTac didi samsaxuri gauwia ruseTs (aqtebi t. 5. 1873: 615).

cicianovi mravalgzis Seecada, gaerkvia selimis azri da pozicia, rom

imisMmiuxedavad, rom selimi Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT erTguli da

rusebis moimede iyo, rusebi ratomRac Tavs ikavebdnen. 1809 wlis 27

noembers selimis Txovna marine gurielma acnoba Tavis Zmas zurab

wereTels, igi wers: `selimi maSinac Tanaxma iyo, rom axalcixe ruseTTan

SeerTebuliyo, magram is maSin ar moxerxda. Aaxla selimi kvlav

Txoulobs mis samflobelos ruseTTan SeerTebas da iTxovs cixiyelTan

500 jariskacis miSveliebas. jarebi unda gavgzavnoT imereTis an artaanis

mxridan, radgan qarTlis gzebi Sekrulia. Tu droze ar gavgzavniT

Semdeg gvian iqneba” (aqtebi. t. IV. 1880: 786). zurab wereTelma yvelafera

acnoba general tormasovs, magram man gulgriloba gamoiCina da aranair

zomebs ar mimarTa. is ki ara, peterburgis xelmZRvaneloba faqtebi

garTulebebiT dauxata da daarwmuna aWaris saqmis warumateblobaSi...

istoriuli faqtebisa da mosazrebebis safuZvelze cnobilia, rom

`ruseTi cdilobda osmalTa xelisuflebisagan faqtobrivad ganze

mdgomi selimi Tavisi miznebisaTvis gamoeyenebina, amitom aSkarad ar

116

amxelda im wyenas, rasac rusuli reJimis winaaRmdeg mebrZol

didebulebTan, solomon imerTa mefesTan, mefiswul aleqsandre

batoniSvilTan, mamia gurielTan da igive nikoloz ximSiaSvilTan, am

mojanye qarTveli Tavadis mWidro kavSiri iwvevda. eWvi ar iyo, rom

carizmis satrapebi arafrad Caagdebdnen selimis ganmanTavisuflebel,

saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaTvis warmoebul brZolebs da mas nebismier

xelsayrel momentSi gawiravdnen” (surmaniZe 2003: 68).

me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTma erTxel kidev daamtkica, rom

ormag TamaSs TamaSobda. danapirebi danapirebad darCa, selimi ki

ramdenjerme moatyues. 1812 wels buqarestSi ruseT-TurqeTs Soris

dadebuli sazavo xelSekrulebiT osmaleTs gadaeca axalqalaqi da

foTi. erTiani zavis safuZvelze, ruseTi selimis mxardaWerasa da

saSinao da sagareo urTierTobebze uars acxadebda, rac gamoikveTa

rtiSCevis werilSi. igi arzrumis seraskir, ibraim baba-faSa fexlevans

swerda: `Cvens saxelmwifoebs Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebidan

gamomdinare, arasodes davuWerT mxars iseT moxeles, romelic Tavisi

xelmwifis sawinaaRmdego saqmes Caidens da dasjis Rirsi gaxdeba, vidre

Cvens saxelmwifoebs Soris mSvidoba iqneba, selim-faSa CvenTan ver naxavs

TavSesafars” (aqtebi. t. V. Tb, 1873: 819); (rus. enaze) osmaleTi ruseTis

miomede gandgomil da daumorCilebel faSas sastik sasjels umzadebda.

Ppolitikuri viTarebis Secvlis miuxedavad, selimi osmalTa

winaaRmdeg brZolas mainc agrZelebda, rac misTvis sabediswero

aRmoCnda. ruseTma _ selim ximSiaSvils axalcixis faSa Serifi amjobina.

mters selimi marto pirispir SerCa. `1810 wlidan selim-faSam

ramdenjerme daamarcxa TurqeTis jari. Oomi mis sasargeblod

mimdinareobda. ganrisxebulma sulTanma specialuri firmani gamogzavna

selimis Sesapyrobad da sikvdiliT dasasjelad. 1813 w. selim-faSa

iZulebuli gaxda aWaraSi gadasuliyo da xixanis cixeSi gamagrebuliyo.

selim ximSiaSvilis winaaRmdeg brZolas TviT arzrumis baba-faSa Caudga

saTaveSi. man xixanis cixe ver aiRo, magram 1815 wels molaparakebis

mizniT SeZlo selimis gamotyueba cixidan da igi Seipyro. selim faSas

Tavi MmohkveTes da stambulSi gagzavnes (megreliZe 1956: 21). sikvdilis

win selims ganucxadebia `me mWriT Tavs, magram getyviT, rom gurjistani

117

osmaleTs samudamod ar SerCeba. amis xsovnas me Cems Svilebsac

davutoveb-o” (WiWinaZe 1912: 1860).M am ambavs xalxi sxvagvarad gadmogvcems:

xixanis cixeSi TavSefarebul selim-faSas, Tavisi darCenili jariTurT

araferi ar uWirda, mteri mas verafers daaklebda, rom ara erTi

garemoeba _ baba-faSa sastiki da daundobeli kaci yofila. mas

selimisTvis rom veraferi dauklia, Semdegi xerxisTvis miumarTavs. man

kargad icoda, rom selimi Tavisi xalxisTvis ibrZoda da maTvis ukan

araferze daixevda, amitomac mas cixis mimdebare soflebis mSvidobiani

mosaxleobis awiokeba dauwyia. Ees ki selimisTvis miuRebeli gamxdara da

mizezic misi nebiT Cabarebisa, rogorc mTqmelebi aRniSnaven, es gamxdara

da ara Ralati (mTqm. q. ximSiaSvili, n. kekeliZe. piradi arqivi, 2011 w).

ra Tqma unda, arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebic da mTqmelebis

sxvadasxva variantebic. erT-erTi mTqmeli imasac aRniSnavs rom: `sanam

mters Cabardeboda, man icoda rom ukan aRar dabrundeboda da wasvlisas

Tavis colisTvis UuTqvams: oqroTi gamivse jibeebi, sikvdilis Semdeg

jalaTma suli ar Semircxvinoso…” (mTqm. Qq. ximSiaSvili). meore

variantSi ki `selimis coli akvanze gadamxobili bavSvs apurebda da

Tanac cremlebs Cumad iwmenddao, masTan misuls mkacrad miumarTavs,

tirilis nacvlad oqros samkaulebi mieca, raTa sikvdilis mere ar

Sercxveniliyo” (mTqm. n. miqelaZe 80 wlis). erT-erTi Tqmulebis mixedviT,

`selimis dasja, osmalos sulTans, misi kargi vaJkacobis gamo,

gadaufiqrebia da amis dasturad firmani gamougzavnia. Bbaba-faSas eWvi

hqonia selimis kaikacobis gamo osmalos FsulTani rom apatiebda im

danaSaulis, romelsac baba-faSa da misi momxreebi uyenebdnen selims,

amitomac furtios xidTan mas Tavisi xalxi hyolia dayenebuli. isini

gamvlel-gamomvlels akontrolebdnen manam, sanam selimi ar dausjiaT.

selimis Tavis mokveTamde viRacas Camoutania Sewyalebis firmani, magram

baba-faSas askerebs is furtios xidTan daukavebiaT da manam ar gauSviaT,

sanamde dasjis saqme sisruleSi ar moeyvanaT. sulTanisTvis selimis

mokveTili Tavi rom CautaniaT, gadareul sulTans selimis Tavis

CamtanisTvis Tavi moukveTia da uTqvams: aseT karg vaJkacs Tavi rogor

mokveTeTo, baba-faSaze ki Zalian gabrazebula, yvelaferi kargad ratom

ar gaarkvia da ase naCqarevad mokveTa Tavio”. erovnuli gmiris didi

118

siyvaruli xalxma Taviseburi formiT (hiperbolizirebuli saxiT)

warmoadgina. orive Tqmuleba amtkicebs selimis nebayofilobiT Cabarebas,

rac garkveulwilad, ewinaarmdegeba istoriul wyaroebs. es yvelaferi ki,

ra Tqma unda, ganpirobebulia xalxuri sityvierebis Taviseburebis gamo

(miqelaZe 2011)

arsebobs sxva mosazrebebic, romlebic istoriul wyaros

eTanxmebian. avtorTa didi jgufi mis sikvdils Ralats ukavSirebs,

kerZod, d. baqraZe, g. yazbegi, x. axvlediani da sxvebi ar eTanxmebian

arsebul mosazrebas da amtkiceben, rom TviTon gamovida cixidan mag: z.

WiWinaZes 1891 wels Suaxevis raionis sofel darCiZeebSi, saintereso

Tqmuleba Cauweria: `miraTis xevis erT-erT sofelSi cxovroben

darCiZeebi; amaT sofels da mTebsac es saxelwodeba aqvs miTvisebuli.

erTi darCiZe 1878 wels gardacvlila 65 wlisa. Amis mama gardacvlila

75 wlisa 1830 welSi. Aam moxucis deda qristiani yofila, romlis qmarma

Turme 1815 wels selim-faSas xirxatis cixeSi simindi moutana, risTvisac

ori fuli aCuqa mas selim-faSamo” (WiWinaZe 1913: 293). mniSvnelovan

kvlevas warmoadgens, 1962 wels profesor ramaz surmaniZis mier

moZiebuli masala, romelic Suaxevis raionis sofel WalaSi mcxovreb

ismail WaRaliZisgan (buqoRli buqaliSvili) Cauweria: `Cveni mamamTavari

selim-faSas TanamebrZoli da medroSe iyo. mas buqali bairaxtaradac

ixsenebdnen da TiTqmis yvela laSqrobis dros Tan axlda selim-faSas,

rogorc misi erTguli msaxuri da mamaci meomari. xirxaTis cixeSi

Caketil faSas araferi uWirda, radgan drodadro amisaTvis sagangebod

momzadebuli msaxurebi sursaT-sanovagiT amaragebdnen, magram roca baba-

faSam cixes alya Semoartya, sursaTis maragi gaTavda, SeuZlebeli gaxda

garedan sursaTis Semotana da ramdenime adamiani SimSiliT gardaicvala

selim faSam coli ixmo da ganucxada: `jibeSi fuli aRar damrCa, Seni

oqros samkaulebi momeci. vici, rogorc ki gaval, osmalebi jibeebs

gamiCxrikaven carieli rom iqneba, dedas da Sen Tavs Semiginebeno”. elmas

xanums ori beWedi gamoarTva, amis Semdeg cixis alayafTan mivida da

Tavis sardals TviTonve gasca brZaneba, karebi gaeRo, raTa Rirseulad

Cabareboda mters. amiT Tavisi 15000 TanamoZme SimSilisagan sikvdils,

xolo soflebi dawva-awiokebas gadaarCina; marTlac, maSin selimi

119

dasajes, magram mis garda aravin daRupula, droebiT soflebis

awiokebac Sewyda. ” avtoris mosazrebiT, otomanTa portas winaaRmdeg

amxedrebuli selim ximSiaSvilisTvis xixanis cixeSi moZmeTagan aravis

uRalatia. moRalateni `mokavSire” ruseTis generlebi arian, xolo

selimis daRupvis saidumlo misive gmirobasa da TavganwirvaSi unda

veZioT da pativi mivagoT, rogorc Tavdadebul rainds da erovnul

gmirs” (surmaniZe 2003: 75).

aWaraSi legendarul gmirze sxva saintereso ambebsac yvebian,

selimi keTilSobili da, amave dros, ficxi kaci yofila, Tumca mis

sikeTes sazRvrebi ar hqonebia,... erTxel, nigazeulSi cxovrebisas, mas

Tavis karze mosamsaxure biWi mowyenili daunaxavs, mizezi gamoukiTxavs.

moaxles dasaniSni qalisaTvis araferi hqonia misatani Turme, amisTvis

gogos mSoblebi uars eubnebodnen. selims Tavis dedis naqoni gulsabnevi

amouRia da miucia mosamsaxurisaTvis, raTa coli moeyvana da bednierad

ecxovra (mTqm. n. kekeliZe, mcx. sofel nigazeulSi). Ees faqtebi erTxel

kidev migvaniSnebs, rom is xalxis rCeuli gmiria. `1803 wlis 21 agvistos

gaurkveveli mizezebiT gadayenebulia rejeb faSa da axalcixis faSad

daniSnulia selim-aRa ximSiaSvili, romelmac sulTnis davalebiT sdia

Serif faSis SeiaraRebul Zalebs. brZolebSi gamarjvebuli gamovida

ximSiaSvili (miqelaZe 2011).

general rtiSCevis baba-faSis mier ukanasknelad gagzavnili

damsjeli razmi 6000 kacisagan Sedgeboda. SesaZlebelia, isic ukan

dabrunebuliyo, rom selim-faSas erT-erTi daaxloebul pirs Tavisi

moRalaturi saqcieliT xeli ar Seewyo baba _ faSas SeiaraRebuli

nawilebisTvis, selim-faSa sikvdiliT dasajes… (tivaZe 1945: 149).

xixaZirSi dResac ixseneben erovnul gmirze da dasasjel_

TavsakveT adgilad `seri yanas” asaxeleben. Aam adgilas baba baSas selim

ximSiaSvilisTvis Tavi moukveTiao (jaiani 1982: #147).

istoriul toponims, ratomRac es saxeli SemorCenia.

savaraudebelia, am adgils, rogorc sxvebs, adre sxva saxeli erqva...

e. maxaraZe naSromSi avtori aRniSnavs: `seri yana” adgilia, sadac

selim-ximSiaSvils Tavi mokveTes, selimi cixidan gamoiyvanes da bakos

zemoT dasajes. im adgils axlac `seri yanas” eZaxian (maxaraZe 1979: 1).

120

T. saxokia detalurad aRwers, Tu vin iyo am sastiki sasjelis

Camdeni _ selimi cixidan gmoiyvanes da sanam Tavs mohkveTdnen, sami dRe-

Rame ar aZines, rom Tavis mokveTis dros tanjva ar egrZno. aha, misi

dasjis dRec dadga, magram jalaToba aravin ikisra. Bbolos, erTi

artanujeli somexi gamoCnda, misces erTi oqro da imanac mohkveTa Tavi

selims sof. Bbakos zemoT, swored im adgilas, romelsac `seri-yana”

hqvian da sadac glexni dResac pursa sTesen. Mmere es somexi selimis

Svils artanujSi mouZebnia da mouklavs (maxaraZe 1979: #122) ixileT

danarTi #170).

am aWareli gmiris Tavis mokveTis Semdeg or saaTs ar gauvlia,

sulTanis firmanic mosula: `Tu daiWireT selimi, cocxali momgvareTo”,

Mmahmud-fa sulTans Cautana stambolSi, rogorc trofei. sulTans Zalian

ewyina da Turme hkiTxa: `firmani ra uyavio? _ sikvdilis mere movidao.

raki, aseTi kacis dafaseba ar gcodnia da ar dagnania, aRarc me

mecodebio”. Dda brZana misTvis Tavi moekveTaT. selimis Tavi stambolSia

DdakrZaluli... (saxokia 1985: 284).

aWaris sagmiro-saistorio sityvierebam Cvenamde moitana winaprebis

ganvlili gzebi, gvauwya xalxis sulieri gancdebi, am kuTxis Seupovari

brZolebi osmalos winaaRmdeg. Eerovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolebis

erT-erTi mTavari gmiria selim ximSiaSvili, romelic TavdadebiT

gamoirCeva. asea daxatuli xalxur sityvierebasa da istoriul

wyaroebSic. Mman didi roli Seasrula qarTuli danawevrebuli genis

gasaerTianeblad, is erovnul ideebs Seewira. aWaris sagmiro-saistorio

zepirsityvierebaSi gancalkevebiT dgas selim ximSiaSvilis saxeli.

istoriuli wyaroebiT cnobilia, aWaris saqarTvelosTan dabruneba iyo

selimis ocneba. gmiris anderZi male aRsrulda 1878 wels aWara deda-

samSoblos daubrunda.

selim ximSiaSvilis gmirobas sami toponimi ukavSirdeba aWaraSi:

xixanis cixesimagre, sadac erTgul laSqarTan erTad gamagrda

Tavdadebuli gmiri, seri yana (sof. bako), sadac Tavi mokveTes mas da

nigazeuli, sadac misi sxeulia dakrZaluli. madlieri STamomavloba

did pativs miagebs am adgilebs da yoveli wlis 3 ivniss, selimis

gmirulad daRupvis dRes, saxalxo zeim `selimobas~ aRniSnavs (mTq.

121

cecxlaZe tariel, dab. da mcxovrebi sofel skvanaSi, 65 w. Cav. 2005w.

piradi arqivi), (ixileT danarTi #171; 172; 173; 174; 175; 176; 177).

TurqTa batonobisas ara marto baTumSi, aramed mTel samxreTSi

TviTmpyrobeli ruseTis batonobis drosac, aWarels ar SeeZlo baTumis

centralur quCebze gavla. aWareli glexi begis saxls rom

miuaxlovdeboda, Tu cxeniT midioda, anda CamoqveiTebuliyo da ise evlo.

saerTod, begis, aRas mefis moxelis damamcirebeli da Seuracxmyofeli

moqmedebebi aWarels uxmod da usityvod unda gadaetana. Aamas xels

uwyobda sasuliero wodebac. isini glexebs urCevdnen, moeTminaT, rom

winaRmdegoba ar gaewiaT, ar SebrZolebodnen usamarTlobas, rom RmerTs

Sevedrebodnen, raTa maTvis mZime tvirTi Seemsubuqebina, radgan, RmerTis

mier dawesebuli `mTavroba” xeluxlebelia, rom begebi da aRebi maTi

batonebi arian. unda daemorCiloT, unda emsaxuroT, unda gadaixadoT.

samagierod isini (xojebi) `imqveyniur netarebas” hpirdebodnen da

muslimanuri religiiT aSinebdnen. (aWaris xalxuri sityviereba, aWaris

samxareTmcodneo samecniero-kvleviTi instituti. wigni meore, jemal

noRaidelis mier Sekrebili da damuSavebuli. Mmissive Sesavali werili,

SeniSvnebi, avtorTa saZiebeli da leqsikoni. aWaris saxelgami, 1941).

teroris viTarebaSi Turqi askerebi mosaxleobas muqariTa da cemiT

aiZulebdnen, xma miecaT TurqeTTan aWaris SeerTebis sasargeblod.

urCebs iqve mkacrad uswordebodnen. Aamis miuxedavad, mosaxleobam

mtkice boikoti gamoucxada referendums da kenWisyraSi monawileoba ar

miiRo. aRsaniSnavia, rom kenWisyraSi iZulebiT monawileTa DerTma

nawilma, Turqi askerebisa da oficrebis Zaladobis miuxedavad,

gabedulad misca xma deda samSoblo saqarTvelosTan dabruneba. Ees iyo

Tavganwirva, namdvili gmiroba. Aase moiqca, magaliTad, qobuleTeli

xasan TxilaiSvili. Mman xma misca TurqeTis winaaRmdeg da sxvebsac

mouwoda aseve moqceuliyvnen saqarTvelos sasargeblod. Turqebma

gadawyvites misi daxvreta, magram xasan TxilaiSvili SemTxveviT gadarCa

(cqvitaria 1959: 4). amasTan dakavSirebiT `xalxis megobari” werda:

Teatris meTvalyures daunaxavs, rom TxilaiSvils xma miucia

saqarTvelos respublikis sasargeblod da wyromiT SekiTxebia: Sen, ra

rjulisa xaro? Mmas upasuxia, _qarTveli mahmadiani varo. qarTvelebs

122

ratom mieci xma? _TxilaiSvils upasuxia: survilze damokidebuli Tu

aris, me es msurso. …gajavrebulma meTvalyurem brZana, _daiWireT da

`boZze” gaakariT, rac maSinve sisruleSi moiyvanes. Ooficerma ubrZana

cxra kacs, rom daexvritaT igi, magram am ambavs miuswro germanelma

oficerma da gadaarCina (`xalxis megobari”, #211, 1918 wlis 19 ivlisi).

aWaraSi erovnul gamaTavisuflebel brZolaSi gmirTa raodenobis

gansazRvra SeuZlebelia. Cven SevecadeT, mxolod im erovnul gmirze

gagvemaxvilebina yuradReba, romlis saxeli an masTan dakavSirebuli

movlena, asaxulia iyo geografiul etimologiaSi.

mravali msgavsi da sxva winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, osmalom

aWaraSi mainc moaxerxa Tavisi sarwmunoebis gavrceleba. Mmagram,

sabednierod, maT ver SeZles qarTuli sulis mokvdineba, xalxis

gadagvareba. aqaurebma ZirZveli wesebi wmindad Seinaxes da Cvenamde

moitanes.

aWaris sagmiro-saistorio zepirsityvierebaSi gancalkevebiT dgas

selim ximSiaSvilis saxeli. istoriuli wyaroebidan cnobilia, rom mas

aWaris saqarTvelosTan dabrunebis Taobaze araerTi saidumlo

molaparakeba uwarmoebia qarTvel mefeebTan da TavadebTan. 1810 wlidan

selim-faSa osmalebs ganudga da ramdenjerme daamarcxa dampyrobelTa

jari. ganrisxebulma sulTanma specialuri firmani gamogzavna selimis

Sesapyrobad da sikvdiliT dasasjelad. 1813 w. selim-faSa iZulebuli

gaxda, axalcixidan xixanis cixeSi gamagrebuliyo. selim ximSiaSvilis

winaaRmdeg brZolas arzrumis seraskiri baba-faSa Caudga saTaveSi. man

xixanis cixe ver aiRo, magram 1815 wels SeZlo selimis cixidan

gamotyueba da Sepyroba. selim ximSiaSvili sikvdiliT dasajes da misi

mokveTili Tavi stambolSi gagzavnes (megreliZe 1956: 21). sikvdilis win

selims baba-faSasa da xalxisaTvis ganucxadebia `me mWriT Tavs, magram

getyviT, rom gurjistani osmaleTs samudamod ar SerCeba. amis xsovnas me

Cems Svilebsac davutovebo~ (WiWinaZe 1912: 1860). gmiris anderZi male

aRsrulda da 1978 wels aWara deda-samSoblos daubrunda.

123

ZiriTadi daskvnebi

Cvens naSromSi warmodgenili Tqmulebebi xalxis wiaRidanaa

aRebuli. aWaraSi toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemebis siWarbe aqauri

xalxis Tavgadasavalma ganapiroba. TiToeul toponims aqvs Tavisi

dasabami, cxovreba da istoria. zogierTi maTgani Seiqmna garkveul

istoriul movlenaTa fonze, zogierTma toponimma ki saTave daudo

Tqmulebas, an piriqiT, ambavma daudo saTave toponims da geografiuli

saxelis etimologias.

toponimebi mravalmxriv aireklaven istoriul sinamdviles, raSic

ganxiluli Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi dagvarwmuneben. es aris cocxali

masala, romlis nawilic jer kidev warmarTuli epoqidan icqireba.

samreligiagamovlili toponimebi sxvadasxva epoqis niSnebiT arian

aRbeWdilni.

sadisertacio naSromSi aRZruli problemebi ganxilulia

Tanamedrove folkloristikis, istoriografiis da lingvistikis

miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT. Cveni gamokvleva emyareba mecnierul

publikaciebsa da naSromebs, saarqivo masalas, romelnic daculia n.

berZeniSvilis samecniero kvleviTi institutisa da aWaris saxelmwifo

muzeumis xelnawerTa fondSi. viyenebT, agreTve, savele-folkloruli

eqspediciis dros, Cven mier mopovebul masalasac, romelic Cawerilia

xelvaCauris (maWaxlis xeoba), qedis, Suaxevisa da xulos raionis

soflebSi.

adgilis saxelwodebebi uZvelesi droidan xalxuri gadmocemebis

sagans warmoadgens. winamdebare naSromi eZRvneba samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTvelos (aWaris) toponimuri Tqmuleba-gadmocemaTa ganxilvasa da

kvlevas. toponimika, rogorc viciT, leqsikologiis dargia, romelic

geografiul saxelebs geografiuli, istoriuli da lingvisturi

aspeqtiT ikvlevs.

sadisertacio naSromSi toponimTa dajgufeba ar mogvixdenia

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli klasifikaciiT. calke Temebisa da Tavebis

gamoyofa movaxdineT Cvens xelT arsebuli masalisa da wyaroebs

warmoadgenda.

124

klde da qva uZvelesi droidan sulieri Zalebis samyofelad iyo

miCneuli. qvebis Tayvaniscemis tradicia, ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed

sxva qveynebSic gvxdeba. qristianobis damkvidrebamde saqarTveloSi

kerpTayvanismcemlebi cxovrobdnen. isini xSirad kerpebs Tavad hqmnidnen,

an konusiseburi formis qvas racxavdnen RvTaebad. Mmidiodnen am qvebTan,

swiravden msxverpls, sanovages, purs da asrulebdnen ritualebs. maTi

rwmeniT, qvas magiuri Zala gaaCnda.

qvaTa Tayvaniscemis magaliTebi msoflios folklorSi mravladaa,

amaTgan saqarTvelo gamonakliss ar warmoadgens. qarTvelebSic da

msoflios xalxebSic, qvebsa da kldeebSi xedavdnen zebunebriv Zalebs,

ris gamoc adamianebi adiodnen maRal mTebze da atarebdnen Sesabamis

ritualebs.

pirvel TavSi SevecadeT, qronologiuri klasifikacia dagvecva

msoflio religiebis cvlilebebis mixedviT. Cveni mizani warmarTuli

ciklis legendebis genezisis da etiologiis dadgena iyo. yuradRebas

vamaxvilebT folkloruli masalis arqaul plastebze, maTSi

kontaminirebul toponimebze, romlebsac sazogadoebaSi simbolur-

metaforuli datvirTva gaaCnia.

Kkvleva-Zieba cxadyofs, rom `ziareTobis~ dResaswaulis

gavrcelebis areali mxolod aWariT ar Semoifargleba, igi

damaxasiaTebelia mesxeTisa da SavSeTisTvisac. SesaZloa, es dResawauli

istoriuli samxreT saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSic yofiliyo

gavrcelebuli da maSasadame, misi tradiciebis Zafi ufro Sors

midiodes. CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi masalebisa da arsebuli mecnieruli

literaturis, mecnierTa daskvnebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, SeiZleba

vTqvaT, rom `ziareToba~ Tanamedrove da istoriuli samxreT

saqarTvelos mxareTa yofisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli realiaa da igi xSirad

xalxur kalendarul dResaswaulTa ciklSic ikavebs adgils.

aWaraSi SemorCenil Tqmulebi, ,,CveneburTa” zepirsityvierebaSi

Semonaxul masalebis Sedarebisas, paraleluri masalis ganxilva

gvarwmunebs, rom, msgavsebis miuxedavad, maTSi zogjer sxvaobac iCens

Tavs. magaliTad, TurqeTSi wmindanis saxeli sruladaa warmodgenili,

xolo aWaraSi _ wmindanis saxelis transformacias ganicdis. orive

125

qveynis mcxovrebTaTvis mniSvnelovania maRal mTaze `ziareTobisa~ Tu

`wminda seris~ wes-Cveulebis Catareba. maTs cnobierebas asazrdoebs

siRmiseuli tradiciebidan gamomdinare xedva, romelsac zogad qarTul

tradiciebTan mivyavarT (TeTrgiorgoba, yeenoba, damwyalobeba, sameboba,

gergetoba da a. S) aWaris morwmuneTaTvis mniSvnelovani _ `gamCenelis

locvaa~ da sxva araferi?...

aWaris mcxovrebTa yofa-cxovrebSi socialur-politikuri

mdgomareobiT gamowveulma migraciam garkveuli roli Seasrula da

maTma wes-Cveulebebma transformacia ganicada.

aWaris folklorSi warmodgenili didi da mcire warRvnis

legendebi exmianeba, rogorc qarTul aseve msoflio TqmulebaTa ciklis

legendebs. amaTgan mniSvnelovania sakuTriv toponimi `kara seri”,

romelic saxeldebiTa da genezisiTaa mniSvnelovani.

karaseris Tqmuleba mniSvnelovania, Tqmulebis Tematika

intersmoklebuli ar iqneba, mecnierTa im mosazrebis Tanaxmad, vinc

kidobnis gaCerebis adgilad saqarTvelos asaxeleben. gadmocemis

Tanaxmad, noem RvTiuri kidobani swored karas serze aaSena. Ees aris

wminda mTa, kvrivi adgili, sadac Tavidan iwyeba kacobriobis gadarCena.

`didi warRvnis mere noem, pirvelad swored, am mTaze gaaRo kari. Kkaris

simboluri diapazoni sakmaod vrcelia sxvadasxva eTnokulturebSi.

uZvelesi warmodgenebiT, swored karibWis meSveobiT xdeboda erTi

samyarodan meore (qtonur) samyaroSi aRmoCena. Bsaxarebiseuli

saxismetyvelebaa, sadac kari Tavad ieso qristes simboloa _ `me var

kari (ambobs macxovari) Cem mier Tu vinme Sevides cxondes” (ioane. 19: 7 _

10). aqedan gamomdinare, marTlmadideblur taZarSi gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba eniWeba aRsavlis kars, romelic sakurTxevlis simbolikis

Tanaxmad, zeciuri sasufevlis karibWes warmoadgens” (l. a. uspenski).

aWaraSi mravladaa warmodgenili mcire warRvnis toponimuri

Tqmulebebi, romlebSic SeiniSneba totemizmis kvali. warmodgenil

gadmocemebSi `RvTis //xatis” cxovelebad arian miCneuli: iremi, Sveli da

xari. qarTul folklorSi iremi mziuri cxovelia da caSi mzed

ixilveba, dedamiwaze rqaborjRala dadis. Tu wminda giorgi caSi mzis

mxsnelad gvevlineba, mziuri cxoveli iremi dedamiwaze TavisiT ewireba

126

wminda giorgis. zogadad qarTuli folklorisgan gansxvavebiT, aWaraSi

gvxdeba Svlis kultis farTo gavrcelebis faqti. iseve rogorc iremi,

Svelic ewireba Tavis batons. aWarul variantSi Sveli batonis mtrebs,

Tavisi surviliT ecxadeba.

Svlis mokvdineba taburirebulia, misi mkvleli ki ganwiruli.

amitomacAaWaraSi ubedurebasa da warRvnas xSirad Svlis mokvlas

ukavSireben.

ase, rom aWaris sociumis wminda cxovels, ara irmis kulti, aramed

Svlis kulti warmoadgens.

xaric samsxverplo cxovelia da igi SeiZleba iyos mcire warRvnis

momxdenic. Axari eklesiebis maSeneblad, RvTis wminda cxovelad iTvleba.

rogorc cnobilia, qristianuli sarwmunoebis pirveli qadageba

saqarTveloSi, werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT, ieso qristes

TormetTagan erT-erTma mociqulma andria pirvelwodebulma swored

aWaridan daiwyo. igi `Sevida qveyana qarTlisasa, romelsa didaWara

ewodebis... da aReSenes eklesia mSvenieri saxelsa zeda… yovlad-wmindisa

RvTismSoblisasa... warmoemarTa da gardamovlenTa, romelsa ewodebis

rkinis juari... STavlo xeli oZraxisa da movida sazRvarTa samcxisasa,

daivana sofelsa, romelsa ewodebis zadenbore~... (`qarTlis cxovreba~ I,

Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 39).

faqtobrivad, “axal qarTlis cxovrebaSi” Setanili mesxuri

gadmocema wm. Andria mociqulis qadagebis Sesaxeb zepiri tradiciidan

iRebs saTaves.

Suaxevis raionis mareTis xeobaSi sanalias mTaze aris adgili,

romelsac `rkinis jvars” eZaxian. amasTan dakavSirebiT xalxSi

gavcelebulia gadmocema, rom aq uZveles dros rkinis jvari yofila,

romelic maT winapars aRumarTavTs. ASesaZloa, es gadmocema “axal

qarTlis cxovrebaSi” naxseneb rkinis jvars ukavSirdebodes, romelic wm.

andriam aRmarTa.

qristianul samyaroSi, saqarTveloSi ar moiZebneba wmindani, mowame

iqneba igi Tu eklesiis gamoCenili moRvawe, romelic Tavisi

popularobiT. wm giorgis Seedrebodes. am mxriv, saqarTvelos danarCen

kuTxeebisgan gansxvavebiT, arc aWara warmoadgenda gamonakliss. am

127

kuTxeSi Seiqmna abuserisZe tbelis hagiografiuli nawarmoebi `axali

saswaulni wmindisa giorgisani”, romelic aseve zepir gadmocemebs

emyareba.

wm. Ggiorgis saxelTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli aWaraSi daculi

toponimebi: gorgaulis xevi (s. bzubzu), gorginauli (s. vaio), gorguli

(s. xaraula, qiZiniZeebi), giorgilaqedi (s. tomaSeTi), gorgimeleTi (s.

tomaSeTi), gorgaulebi (s. Caisubani), sofeli gorgaZeebi (qobuleTisa da

xulos raionebSi) da sxv.

qedis raionSi, sofel cxmorisSi, aris adgili, romlis etimologias

wm. giorgis saswaulsa da mtris agresias ukavSireben. gadmocemis

Tanaxmad, aWarelTa winaprebma, wminda mxedris SemweobiT sZlies

osmalebs.

imave wm. Ggiorgis saxels ukavSirdeba qedis raionis sofel

dandaloSi, fiqsireuli toponimi _ `naomvari/naomvalas” _ istoria.

Turme, Turqobis Jams windaxedul cxmoriselebs am ferdobze mTis meore

ferdamde gvirabi gauTxriaT ise, rom meore bolomde ar gasulan. Mmtris

erT-erTi Semosevis dros qarTvelebs Tavi gvirabisTvis SeufarebiaT.

wminda giorgis madliTa da RvTisSewevniT qarTvelebs osmaloebisgan

ara marto Tavi dauRweviaT. Ggagulisebul mters am adgilas qva qvaze

aRar dautovebiaT. dRes es adgili naomvalaTi moixsenieba.

es da sxva Tqmulebebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom mudmiv brZolebSi

CarTul qarTvel xalxs amxnevebda `SaravandediT mosili saxe TeTr

taiWze amxedrebuli Subosani wminda raindi~ da Tavis mxriv, aWaraSic

avlendnen wm. giorgis mimarT did Tayvaniscemas, radgan icodnen, rom wm.

giorgi uTanasworo brZolaSi xilulad Tu uxilavad, qarTvel xalxs

Seeweoda da mfarvelobda (gadmocemebi “feiRambris fexisa” da “gomanis

qvis” Sesaxeb).

aWaris folklorSi, gansakuTrebuli simravliTaa warmodgenili

Tamar mefis saxelTan dakavSirebuli toponimebi. mosaxleoba yvela

cixis, eklesiis, xidis, cixis mSeneblobas Tamars miawers. aqaurebi

mxatvrulad gadmogvcemen Tamaris droindel saqarTveloSi, kerZod,

aWaraSi mis mier Catarebul qvelmoqmedebasa da aRmSeneblobaze.

variantebadaa gavrcelebuli Tqmulebebi _ aWariswylis, Wvanis, kavianis,

128

yaleboinis, xirxaTisa da sxva istoriuli Zeglebis mSeneblobaze.

amasTan dakavSirebiT aziz axvlediani aRniSnavda: `..im droisaTvis,

rodesac aWara osmalebma daipyres, xalxs Tavisuflebisa da Zlierebis

simbolod Tamari da misi dro miaCnda da yovelive kargs, didebuls am

xanas miawerda, umReroda mas da marad uqrob lamprad gadascemda

Taobidan Taobas. Kkidev meti, gamahmadianebul qarTvelebs ise uyvardaT

Tamar mefe, rom igi religiur kultad gaxades (axvlediani, 1960: 115). D

aWaruli zepirsityvierebis Taviseburebani erTgvari sazomia imisa,

Tu ra simtkiciT SeinarCuna aWaris mosaxleobam qarTuli kultura

osmalos periodSi. Ara marto, mxatvrul, aramed istoriuli

TvalsazrisiTac. Aaqauri sityviereba uamrav masalas gvawvdis, Turqobis

periodSi aq qarTvelobis SenarCunebisTvis warmoebul WeSmarit gmirul

brZolebze. Aaq warmodgenil toponimebi: `seri yana” _ adgili xulos

raionis sofel bakoSi, sadac WeSmariti mamuliSvili selim ximSiaSvili,

erovnul ideebs Seewira. toponim `gvanca-lelas” gadmocema qalwul

mowameebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs. Analogiuri Sinaarsisaa gadmocemebi

`akeTas”, `kakaSvilebis qedis”, `Zmagula”//,,amaRlebis” Sesaxeb.

yaleiboinis cixe (Suaxevis raioni), dandalos xidi (qedis raioni),

wiTeli xidi (aWariswylis xeoba) - es is wminda adgilebia, sadac

qristianuli sarwmunoebis msaxurebas Seewirnen. `wmindiseri” (Suaxevis

raioni)-adgili, romelsac dResac `mamaTa savaned” moixsenieben.

Tavganwirul brZolasa da Seurigeblobazea saubaria toponimur

gadmocemebSi: `cxramuxliRele”, manCxauri”, jan qalaqi”, kunti jvari”,

dedabrisafrinava”, `mariamxevi”, `Tarangelo” da mravali sxva.

aWaraSi mravlad vxvdebiT vxdebiT osmalTa agresiasTan

dakavSirebul toponimebs: naoxrevi jumuSaurSi; naoxrebi _ xixaZirSi;

naoxvara mawyvalTaSi, gorgaZeebsa da wablanaSi. @zogierT maTganSi

figurirebs Turquli sityva `yanli” (sisxliani): yanliRele –

zotiyelidan guriaSi gadasasvlel gzaze, yanli – mTa goderZis

uReltexilTan axlos, “seriyana” ki is adgilia, sadac selim

ximSiaSvils mohkveTes Tavi.

amgvarad, toponimebi mravalmxriv aireklaven istoriul sinamdviles,

raSic ganxiluli Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi dagvarwmuneben. es aris cocxali

129

masala, romlis nawilic jer kidev warmarTuli epoqidan icqireba, ris

gamoc samreligiagamovlili toponimebi sxvadasxva epoqis niSnebiT arian

aRbeWdilni.

130

teqstebi

1. qvakacebi vernebSi

sofel vernebis Tavze mTaze iloceben, qvakacebTan axlos iloceben.

vinc qvakacidan qvas gadaagdebs, codvas SeiZens. Aaq momsvlelma

`qvakacasac” unda muaros. amaze qvebi unda gaasworos, Camovardnili

dadosna zeT.

2. qvakacebi-adgili `maRalTi”

`vernebs rom gadmodgomia, `maRalTi~ hqvia... iq meiyreboda xalxi

yaraderedan, sxalTiReledan, Subnidan, darCiZeebidan, kobalTidan... iq

yofila Sesawiris dakvla. morigeobiT ikiTxavdnen locvas. xalxi amins

ityoda. Sesawirs yvelas duurigebdnen... qvakacebs axlac vakeTebT.

3. erTi ritualis Sesaxeb

`erTxel me davamwyalobne xalxi axal wlis Rames, jvari

CamovabrZane samebisa~... `dekanozi xatebs gamoabrZanebs... Cven

mamawmindobis vercxlis jvrebi gvaqvs, mas droSis Tavebsac eZaxian. Eis

iq xdeba, sadac niSia gakeTebuli da arCeuli adgilia mama-papidan. iq

xalxi midis salocavad, miyavT saklavi_kurati, miaqvT xaWapuri, qada.

dekanozi naxevars itovebs, naxevars ki aZlevs masve, vinc dalocva-

damwyalobebisaTvis movida. dalocavs mis sabrZanis Siga vaJiSvilsa an

rZalsa. Ddakluli Sesawiris sisxliT jvars ukeTeben Sublze imas, visac

aloceben: axalgaCenil balRisa, axalmoyvanil rZlisa da sxva~.

4. didgorze locva

`erTi kaci wasula haj. misTvis uTqvamT, _ haj wasvlas ager

welaTSi rom didgoria, iq asuliyav da geloca, ufro did madls

meigebdio. …dabrunebuls yvelaferi aqaurebisTvis uTqvams. mis mere haj

aravin ar midioda. Aam soflidan yvela didgorze adioda. … aqaurebi

ziareT ijeba da madli mosagebad didgorze weliwadSi erTjer

adiodnen. iq ilocavs, RmerTs Seexveweba, _ kargad mimyofe HCemi ojaxi,

kargi mosavali momeci, kargi amindebi weiyvane mosavlisTviso. Kktrebsac

131

axseneben. es locva rom kacma jameSi Seasrulos ar iqneba. jameSi xoja

locvilobs da sxva amin ityvis. Sen ra ginda, xojam ra icis; is

erTnairad locvilobs yuelTvin. calke kacs ki roca unda, didgoraze

exveweba gamCenel RmerT. aq amosuli da mlocavi barsami minaxavs guSin

tomaSeTeli ori kaci amovda da ilocao.

5. qvakacebi SubanSi

Zvelad Suaxevis raionis Subnis sakrebulos sofel darCiZeebis

mosaxleoba zafxulSi avdiodiT maRal mTaze, romelsac `samelia seri~

erqva. Aam serze zafxulobiT midiodnen: qalebi, bavSvebi, kacebi. isini

adiodnen maRal mTaze da erToboden mxiarulobden. mosaxleobas

mihyavdaT cxvari an sxva Sesawiri da iq klavden. isini RmerTs,

gamodarebas, bereqeTs, ojaxur bednierebasa da jamrTelobas

evedrebodnen. iq axlo-maxlo naqilisvaric iyo.

6. lazaroba

`mei vyofilvar Raribi, morwmune. ieso qriste dadis da xaliCebs

ufenen, pativi dasdes. Mme vifiqre, rome xaliCebi ara maq, zeze avedi,

maRla. ieso qriste zis jorikaze, ro gamoiara, me maRlidan var.

lazareo, Sen ufro didi pativi mecio. Senao, ici, ra Zalas mogcemo?

Zalian gvalva ro iqneba, wminda lazars dagarqmeven da ivlian:

`lazar modga karsao,

iRorRoSebs Tavsao,

ibrialebs Tvalsao,

pativs scems mama ufalsao

cxrili agorebulao,

wvimac gaCerebulao~.

7. sarmiyelis mTaze arsebul qvakacebze

gadmocemis mixedviT, mTa gvancas asuli, karCxalis vaJze dawinduli,

xinosaTvis miuTxovebiaT. karCxalam es ver aitana da RmerTs siZe-

patarZlisa da mayrionis gaqvaveba SesTxova, rac viTom aRasrula kidec.

132

8. qedelauri da iavela

qedis raionis sofel dandalos xidis erT-erT burjze TiTqos

adamianis fexis kvali Cans. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, karCxalis erT

mosaxles unda SeerTo gvanceli qaliSvili, patarZali saqmros saxlSi

erTi gvanceli vaJkacis colis TanxlebiT movida, romelic masaviT

lamazi iyo. dedamTils, romelic maT karis zRurblze Sexvda, cudad

eniSna es ambavi da orive daswyevla, orive umal gaqvavda. isini arian

swored is ori qvis konusi, romelic karCxalis maRlobzea aRmarTuli.

`iavelad~ wodebuli patarZlis amxanagis qmari ver Seurigda meuRlis

dakargvas. igi yoveldRe adioda gvancas mTis mwvervalze, uyurebda

Tavis gaqvavebul cols da godebda. vaJkacis moTqma aryevda mTasa da

bars, mosvenebas ar aZlevda mosaxleobas. SeSinebuli dedakacebi

mSobiarobis unars kargavdnen, xolo mamakacebi uZlurdebodnen. maSin

gamoCnda `qedelaurad~ wodebuli vaJkaci, romelmac daavlo xeli

iavelas (kaci romelic valalebs), jaWviT Sekra, gadaiyvana xidze da iq

erT adgils miajaWva, romelsac dResac `sabelaurs~ eZaxian. `iavela~

dahpirda gmir qedelaurs, am qveyanas aRar Sevawuxeb godebiTo da jaWvis

axsnisTanave dahkra fexi xidis burjs, gadaaxta gvancas mTas da

samudamod daikarga. misi naterfali ki qvaze darCa. meore gmiris saxeli

sofelma qedelaurma Semoinaxa.

9. `gvanca-lela~

qedis raionis sofel dandaloSi aris gora, romelsac `gvancasa da

lelas goras” _ uwodeben. am goraze cxovrobdnen debi gvanca da lela,

romlebic gamuslumanebas gaqcevian da am goraze damalulan. isini

malulad xalxSi qristianobis SenarCunebas qadagebdnen. erT borot

dedakacs es debi soflis muftTan duusmenia, maTi adgilsamyofeli

uswavlebia. TviTon mzakvrulad daaxloebia, debi muutyuebia da TurqTa

xelSi Cuugdia. Turqebs maTi sulTanTan wayvana guduwyvetiaT, radganac

debi Zalian lamazebi yofilan. Sepyrobil debs goris gadasasvlelTan,

kildeze cxeni duufrTxiaT da xramSi gadaCexilan. amis mere am

adgilisTvis xalxs `lelasa da gvancas gora” daurqmevia.

133

10. `gvanca-lela~

najvarevi gvancas mTasTan axlos mdebareobs _ qedis raionis sofel

takiZeebSi, ivanesa da bagrataulis ubnebs Soris. AosmalTa batonobis

xanaSi aqaurebi saidumlod, RamiT dadiodnen da gamCens gadarCenas

SesTxovdnen. osmalom ver gaigo, vin akeTebda amas. bolos Causafrdnen,

daadgines, rom maT yovelTvis mzeTunaxavi gvanca da lela mouZRodnen

da Tavad asrulebdnen ritualebs. rac Seexeba maT istorias, gvancasa da

lelas mSoblebi uTanasworo brZolaSi adre daxocviaT, Tavad ki mTaSi

miimalnen da mosaxleobas icavdnen. Oosmalebma oqro-vercxli ar

daiSures, oRond gvanca da lela Tavidan moeSorebinaT, magram amis

gakeTeba Zalian gauWirdaT, vinaidan gvanca da lela xalxs Zalian

yvarebiaT. bolos isini Turme erTma pirSavma dedaberma gasca. debi

Tavdamsxmelebs ver gaumklavdnen, magram arc danebdnen da kldeze

gadaiCexeno. amitom aqaurobas `gvanca-lela~ daerqva. Aam kldes isini

dResac pativs scemen.

11. gvanca-lela~

dedamTilis qmars Turme meore coli moyavda, es ambavi misi saxlis

rZals Zalian uxaroda. dedamTils duuwyevlia misi rZali da mayrioni,

RmerTma gaaqvavoso. RmerTs Suusmenia da iq mosuli mayrioni guuqvavebia.

12. gvanca-lela _ TurqeTeli qarTvelebis mixedviT

`anai (deda – n. m. ) ityoda: karCxalelam bancalelas (<gvanca-lelas

– n. m. ) qali mices. Mmovden mayrebi karCxalze. dodofalma gulSi

geirunia: RmerTo, Cem miyuanamdi dedamTili mokalio. megom dedamTili

evlia (gulTmisani – n. m. ) iyo da Seityva. imanac dawyevla: _ haca xarT,

RmerTma iq quaseviT gaqxadono. gerCeq (marTlac – n. m. ) gaquavden

dadiebi da dodofali tyvian, axlac dgaran qva insnebio(adamiani_n.).

13. wmindanis nafexuri

Wvanis xeobis sofel Walis soflis zemoT, tyeSi, gomardulisken

mimaval bilikTan axlos, mdinaris piras aris didi qva, romelsac

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adamianis fexis msgavsi forma aqvs. Aam qvasTan xSirad dadiodnen da

masze saintereso istoriebs yvebodnen. am qvaze `wmindans~ cali fexi rom

daukria iqeTa xeobis meore mxares gadasula da iq xelis Camonakravic _

aCndao.

14. (a) wminda giorgi

bebias gadmocemiT, Wvanelebi gvalvis dros exvewebodnen wm. giorgis

gaawvimeo. didi gvalvebis dros Wvanelebi saerTo fuliT SeiZendnen

saklavs, Caiyvandnen Wvanis `TaRovan xidze~, xidis qveS Camokidebdnen da

wm. giorgis evedrebodnen _ wm. giorgi wvima mogvivlineo. ~_dakluls ki

xidze Camokidebuls tovebdnen.

14 (b) saklavis Sewirva Wvanis xidze

uwindel dros rom ar gawvimdeboda da gvalvebisgan mosavali

deiwvoda, xalxi meiyreboda, duas izamden, fuls Seagrovebden, im fuliT

xars iyidden da Wvanis xidTan daklavden, iq Sewiravden. Aaseve xars aq

weliwadSi erTxel mainc wiravden da xorcsac xels ar kidebden, iq

adgilze datiebden. Aisini amas RmerTs swiravden, rom am mdinareSi vinme

ar damxCvaliyo.

15. gomanis qvis istoria

am qvaze uwindel dros dedakacebi adiodnen da loculobdnen,

magram ras, ar vicio... am qvis dasavleTiT, `wmindiseria~, xolo qvemoT

amave sofels sazafxulo yiSlebi aqvs. isini iailebidan daaxloebiT 3-4

kilometrs adiodnen da qvasTan, an qvis Tavze loculobdnen. Zvelebis

gadmocemiT, am qvaze xezreTi alis guduuvlia Tavisi cxenianad, klde

Suaze guupia da ise gaugrZelebia gza `wmindiserisken~. kldeze axlac

atyvia cxenis nafexurebi da cxenis kudis mier gapobili naprali (kudi

rom gaaTria, iman datova napralio). mosaxleoba am adgils dResac

gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT epyroba _ qalebi, kacebi, bavSvebi im cxenis

floqvebis nakvalevSi kenWebs tieben, survils CuuTqmen da

ukanmouxedavad modian im mTidan. maT sjeravT, rom es qva, misi

nafexurebi survilebs uusrulebs. Aam qvasTan misvla Zalian madlia.

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16. gomanis qvis istoria

es qva, klde wmindaa, mas rasac sTxov, Segisrulebso, oRondac

adgilze unda mixvide, kenWebi aiRo, wmindanis nafexurebSi Caawyo da

ukan muuxedavad datio iqauroba. zustad ar maxsovs bebiai, ase ityoda,

ar axsovs romeli wmindania, rom wminda kacio // feiRamberio. feiRamberi

cxenze amxedrebuli mosula am mTaze. is zovli Zlieri yofila, mas ukan

Turme mtrebi moyvebodeno. Aam mTaze man misi cxenianad gedeiara da

mtrebi xanjliT Suaze gaapo. es ganaxeTqi qva mis cxenis kuds guupia.

helbeT xmali aqac daartyao. misi nafexurebi wmindaa. Mmas rasac Txov,

agisrulebs. aq mosulma kenWebina Caawyo. zogis TqmiT es kaci

gameirCeoda siZlieriT, is mters mihyveboda da amarcxebda kidec

(SeiZleba mas mohyvebodnen viRacebi da man isini daamarcxao). xelSi

xmali eWira (zogi laxtsac amboben) da irgvliv yvelani daamarcxa da

kldec Suaze gaapo da zed gediarao. imis mere es adgili wmindaa da aq

mosuli rasac sTxovs, `gamCeneli” Suusrulebs. adamianisa da cxenis

nafexurebSi, kenWebis Cawyobis mere ukan muuxedavadna gaagrZelo gza, Tu

ginda survili Segisruldeso. Aiq qvis nakvalevze kenWebs Cawyobil

yvelTvin naxav, axlac aris.

17. xezreTi ali

xezreTi alis iseTi cxeni hyavda, rom haeroplaniviT frinevda.

cxviridan imfer fut uSvebda, rom naxevari jari imiT wydeboda.

18. xezreTi ali

xezreTi alis cxeni fexebs rum gadaadgams, seri sers exuteba da ise

midian, rum seridan serze fexs gadaadgmen da memre isev Soravdeba

serebi erTimeores.

19. feiRambris fexi // feiRambris qva

xulos raionis sofel almes sazafxulo iailaSi, almis mTaSi, aris

adgili, romelsac iqaurebi `feiRambris fexs~- // `feiRambris qvas

eZaxian. am mTaze, Zveladac da axlac, adian mlocvelebi, axalgazrdebi,

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bavSvebi. iq wasulebs miaqvT cota puri, saWmeli, xili da sxva. saWmels

vWamT da rac darCeba, imas vtiebT, madlia, vincxai geiars, SeWams,

vtovebT adgilze. am qvas im naterfals saswaul Zala aq. SeiZleba am

qvaze deiZino da Seni sabedo dagesizmros. Tu rame saTxovari gaq Txovo

da Sigisrulos. Tu feiRambris qvis nafexurSi wyalia, imiT pir-saxes

devbanT, samkurnaloa: TvalebisTvin, Tavi tkivilisTvin da a. S.

am qvaze Semdegi ambavi momxdara: xalxis gasanadgureblad mosulan

devebi da gveleSapebi. maTvin am adgilze Camuswria feiRambers da isini

maTraxiT Suaze guupia da lodebad uqcevia. es is lodebia, romelic

`feiRambris naterfalis~ qvemoT miwaSia Cazrdili. Aaq imitom Camosula

da es qvebi Suaze guupia, rom xalxma mirwminon da deijeron rom me aq

viyavo, es Cemi niSanio. iq misi fexdanadgamia marjvena fexi aq dadgmuli.

qvas atyvia qalabnis kopebi. imis gverdze aris yiliji (xanjali n. m),

romelic qvaze daartya`_ Cemma umeTma deinaxoso” (Cemma morwmuneebmao n.

m). is joriT dadiodao. Qqvaze yilijiT ganapobic etyoba da nafexuric.

feiRambers uTqvams _ Cemi erTi fexdanadgami aq aris da meore qedis

mTaSio”, mara romel Taze ar vici. Ees adgili wmindaa, aq loculoben da

kiTxuloben. racxas ginda imas CuukiTxav. adgilebi ziareTia-wmindaa.

20. Tamzis cxeni

rodesac avRanelebi irans Tavs daesxnen da fereidans miadgnen,

umweo mdgomareobaSi myof mosaxleobas mfarvelad moevlina uzarmazar

qvis lodidan gadmosuli, TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli, xmalSemarTuli

kaci, romlis wyalobiT fereidneli qarTvelebi damarcxebas gadaurCnen.

gadmocemiT, omis damTavrebis Semdeg mxedari isev lodSi gauCinarebula.

aRniSnul lods dResac mosaxleoba `Tamzis cxens~ eZaxis da masTan

axlos sanTlebs anTebs.

21. gaqvavebuli goganas istoria

sofel forTis mcxovreblebis gadmocemiT `ziareTi adgilis qvemoT

aris adgili, sadac gaqvavebuli gogonaa tabliT xelSi, romelic

mtrisgan gadaurCenia wm giorgis, maSin roca mtrebisgan (devebisgan)

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safTxe emuqreboda. Ggogonas uTxovia gamCenelisTvis `mtris xelSi

Cavardnas qvad maqcieo~, wm. giorgis Seusmnia misi Txovna. is marTlac

qvad uqcevia, mtrebi ki dauxocia. Amis mere _ TviTon ki adgilobriv

kldeSi gauCinarebula. wm. giorgi aqaurTa rwmeniT, kldeSi cxovrobs da

gaWirvebis Jams gamodis da adamianebs exmareba.

22. serTi ziareTi

forTaSi, karCxlis mTebis gadmoRma aris `serTi ziareTi” _ `wminda

adgili”. im midamoebSi aseve yofila eklesiis nangrevi. rac Seexeba

`wminda adgils” _ esaa bazilikuri tipis patara oTxkuTxedi Senoba. Mmis

ezoSi 2, 20-metriani saflavia, maTi gadmocemiT, es saflavi wminda

giorgisaa, romelic am mxareSi saswaulebiT gamoirCeoda. `Cveneburebi”Aam

adgilze gasakurneblad, survilebis Sesasruleblad, qvemo soflebidan

amodiodnen. Mmosulma, sanam `wmindanis sasaflaoze” daiZinebs, manamde,

aucilebelia, TeTri perangiT unda Seimosos, yovelgvari samkaulebisa

da nivTebis gareSe. Amis Semdeg saflavze dawves, daiZinos _ invalidebi,

avadmyofebi, davrdomilebi, uSvilo dedakacebi. sasaflaoze

daZinebulebs ki maTi rwmeniT, sizmarSi viRac TeTrwvera moxuci

ecxadeba da urCevs, Tu rogor ganikurnos.

23. `ziareTi” adgili

`serTi ziareTi” adgilis qvemoT aris adgili, sadac gaqvavebuli

gogonaa tabliT xelSi, romelic mtrisgan gadaurCenia wm giorgis, maSin

roca mtrebisgan (devebisgan) safTxe emuqreboda. Ggogonas uTxovia

gamCenelisTvis, `mtris xelSi Cavardnas qvad maqcieo~, wm. giorgis

Seusmnia misi Txovna. is marTlac qvad uqcevia, mtrebi ki dauxocia. Amis

mere _ TviTon ki adgilobriv kldeSi gauCinarebula. wm. giorgi aqaurTa

rwmeniT, kldeSi cxovrobs da gaWirvebis Jams gamodis da exmareba.

24. ziareTi

TeTraqedelebi, cxadia, muslimebi, miyvebodnen, Tu rogor dadiodnen

salocavad (ziareTi) qristianul eklesiaSi, romelic axla nangrevebadaa

qceuli: ziareTSi wavalT, mums gavakeTebT, gavadnobT, Zafs CavyobT da

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ameviRebT, waviRebT, ziareTaT fortas wavalT da meris, aWaras. forTis

zemoT aris Cveni ziareTi, erT saaTs gouwevs. ziareTze martod

moSenebuli saxli ari qvidan, yulai moSenebuli, yulandeli, maSindeli.

ziareTSi dawvebian. sizmarSi naxven. etyvis sizmarSi, es dakalii, Áa

fuli aCuqeo, Sin dakalio, Áa aq dakalio, racxasac rom etyvis, daklavs.

yoCi (mamali cxvari), cxvar etyvis, xar, zroxas etyvis. QqaTami

gagvigonia, sxva Citi ar gagvigonia.

25. ziareTi

ziareTSi midian forTas, Wkua romen dakarguli eqneba, Svili ar

eyolis, kari ara aq, Seva Sig kaci Áa qali, perangs Caicvams marto, oqro

vercxli ar iqneba. marto perangi da nifxavi (fiStoni), rom aanTebs sam,

Svid. xuT, cxras. Cemi derdi racxa ario. vnaxo sizmario. Dda dawveba. Tu

ar naxa sizmari, ar mouxda. Tu naxa, Tvals daabaniebs sizmarSi (moutons

racxas, ise eCveneba) asvams da etyvis, yurbanio (qarT. yurbandio)

sanTlebs qvaze akraven. Mmlocvelebi iq rCebian 1-3 dRe, Soridan

mosulebi ufro xangZlivi droiTac. saziareTod miemarTebian maissa da

ivnisSi, midian fexiT.

26. ziareTi

`samuslimano saqarTveloSi Cveulebadaa ziareTSi wasvla. es udris

Cvenebur xatobas. ziareTi samlocvelo adgils qvia da iseTi adgilebia,

sadac Zveli eklesiebis nangrevebia, an yofili sajvarea. aq modian

sxvadasxva adgilebidan, nametnavad qalebi; moaqvT Camoqnili Taflis

sanTlebi, aanTeben sanTlebs da loculoben. Aaq rCebian erT-or Rames;

Tu Soridan mosuli arian, ufro metsac. da amaT unda daesizmron Rame,

Tu ra cxoveli daklan samsxverplod, cxvari Txa xbo, Zroxa Tu xari,

da rac daesizmrebaT, imas daklaven xolme. aseT Cveulebas asruleben

portas (Zveli Satberdis) monastris nangrevebSi da bevr sxva adgilas.

molebi uSlian, rasakvirvelia, aseT qcevas xalxs, magram verafers

xdebian. aseTi ziareTi aqvT xaxulis mcxovrebTac maTi xevis saTaveSi,

mTaze, sadac eklesiebis nangrevebia daculi.

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27. toponim `Zeglis” istoria…

`Zegli forTas Tavzea. SavSeTis gzatkecilidan firnalis gzaze Tu

auxvev, asaxvevidan Zeglamde 22 kilometria. zemo forTasTan misvlamde

marjvniv unda miuyve da axvide forTis iailamde. Mmas `ziareTi iailas”

uwodeben. Aeklesiis nangrevebis win ori saflavia. iqaurebis gadmocemiT,

Seidebis, anu wmindanebisa. saflavebi ganaxlebuli da movlilia.

Eeklesiisa da saflavebis gverdiT augiaT e. w. dasaZinebeli, fardagiT

dafaruli ficruli sawoli, romelic SemoRobilia da gadaxuruli.

Seidebis Sesaxeb legendebsac yvebian: uxsovar droSi aq xezreTi ali

mosula. Mmas berTis mxridan gadmouvlia da Tan ori wminda kaci (Seidi)

xlebia. Mmxleblebi `Zeglad” wodebul adgilas, gamoqvabulSi

dautovebia, Tavad sadRac wasula da roca dabrunebula, orive

daxocili, dakluli daxvedria. iqve dausaflavebia.

28. xezreTi ali da Tamar mefe

uxsovar droSi aq xezreTi ali mosula. aq erTi Tamarai yofila,

TamarasTvis uTqvams, _ gamuslimandio. Aan sakuTari surviliT unda

gamuslimande, an sisxls davRvri, Tavebs davaWri yvelas da ase

gavamuslimanebo. Tamaras uTqvams _ sad medina da sad forTao, SuaSi

eqvsi Tvis gzaa da igulisxmeba (jariT rogor moxvalo m, C). es rom

gaigona, xezreTi ali Sejda frTosan raSze, gaiqrola da Tamaras

hkiTxa: Seni sarwmunoeba ufro WeSmaritia, Tu Cemio. Tamaram uTxra _

Cemio. ratom Senio? _ aq salocavia, iq RmerTis saxlio, _ Taviseburad

auxsna Tamaram da Tan dasZina, _ Tu Seni sarwmunoebaa marTali, mTebSi

rom gveleSapia, is mokalio.

am gveleSap, Turme, yoveldRe erTi kaci mihyavda artanujis tyeSi da

Wamda. xezreTi ali avida mTaSi (mTxrobeli Zeglis mimarTulebas

miuTiTebs) da dauZaxa gveleSaps. is kidev gamoxta da gaiqca arTvinis

mimarTulebiT. xezreTi alim qva esrola da ver daawia. Mmere aiRo da

xmali esrola. mTa Suaze gadaixsna, xmals gza utia. xmali gveleSaps

CaerWo da mohkla. xezreTi alim gamarjvebis yiJina dasca. Tamaram dua

(locva) CaikiTxa. Tamaram icoda, rom xezreTi ali unda mosuliyo da

miuval kldeze Tavisi oqrosa da simdidris dasamalad aaSena nuka

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qilisa. iqedan aris darCenili saxelwodeba `nuka-saydar” anu `nuqi-

saxli”. nuqi-oqros niSnavs, patara oqros saxla. igivea rac `damale”

`Seinaxe”.

29. `ziareTi” aWaraSi

am adgilas evliebis (wmindanebis) saflavia. Turqobis dros iq

adiodnen da ziarobdnen, roca rame gauWirdebodaT. iq misuli xalxi

saflavze iZinebs da naxulobs sizmars. saflavi imasac gicxadebs,

gexmareba Tu ara. Tu dagexmareba, isev saflavze gaiRviZeb, Tu ar

SegiZlia daxmareba, saflavi gverdze mogisvris, magram Sen ver igrZnob,

ise gageRviZeba sxva adgilas”.

30. almis mTis wminda qvis istoria

ziareTis~ adgilidan qvis wamoReba ar SeiZleba, imas gamCeneli

illa dasjis. erTxel erTma kacma gadawyvita, es wminda qva mis saxlTan

Camoetana da xalxisTvisac gaeadvilebia misvla da locva, viTomda

madlina eqna, mara sapirispirod gamuvda. marTlac Cameitana xarebiT,

`iailaSi~ sofel almis mTaSi, mis ezoSi dadva da kidec SemoRoba. im

Rames iseTi gawvimda, axiSeri gegeonebodao. wvimas mis saxlis irgvliv

didi Rarebi guukeTebia. Mmeore dRes ki xalxs uTqvams `wminda qvam~ ar

miiRo axali adgili, misi adgili maRal mTazeao. sanam racxa ubedureba

moxdeba ukan eitaneo. im kacs sizmarSi TeTr tansacmelSi gamowyobili

kaci gamocxadebia da guufTxilebia _ eitan, Tla kai, Tu arada

aqaurobas davaqcevo. SeSinebuls uuwevia imave xarebiT, is lodi ukan

uutania da mis adgilas duudvia. imis mere am qvas vinme xel ar kidebs.

gamCeneli ar ijebao.

31. dadeSi da erkota

dRevandeli aspinZis raionSi eruSeTis ferdobze aris nasoflari

`dadeSi da erkota~. isini XX saukunis I naxevarSi sicocxliT savse

soflebi iyo. maT hqondaT saerTo mTa ziareTi, romelsac `unagirasac~

eZaxian. iq mTis wverze idga amaRlebis eklesia, sadac ziareTobas anu

amaRlebas adiodnen, ara mxolod qristianebi, aramed muslimanebic,

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romlebic cxovrobdnen varneTSi. es sofelic dRes nasoflaria.

muslimnTa ziareToba gamoixateboda sanTlebis danTebiTa da pur-

marilSi monawileobiT. Qqristianebi ki amaRlebis dResaswauls

zeimobdnen. iqve axlos iyo meore ziareTic, isic mTa, oRond nasoflar

rokeTisa. Aaq rokeTelebTan erTad awyvitelebi, quncelebi amodiodnen.

Aam mTas eZaxdnen `ziareTsac da amaRlebasac~. Mmtkvris marjvena

sanapiros soflebi saro da xizabavra am adgils amaRlebas da

sakvirikes uwodebdnen. didi ziareTia miTiTebuli imave aspinZis raionSi,

erT-erTi mwvervalis saxelad Zvel rusul rukaze. toponimi `ziareTi~

gvaqvs samcxeTSic.

32. baZgireTelTa ziareTi

`inewmindas” gadaRma, ukve imerxevSi, baZgirelTa `ziareTia”.

`baZgireTze ase marjvniv tyia, iqaris `ziareTi”. `ziareTze” or-sam

weliwad marunia Cemma dedam. iqze erTi didi qva iyo, qvaSi, gegoneba,

cxenis fexi etyoboda. Aavad viyavi da dedas davyavdi, iq damawvendnen,

morCebao, ityodnen. sam-sami Rame vrCebodiT”. `ziareTze wamiyvanes, 7-8

wlisa viyavi. cota Wkuidan lenCoba mqonda. Mmazines, mazines, ver

damazines. vatyuile rom daviZine, ver damazines…

bazgireTlebi TavianT ziareTSi ori gziT adiodnen: erTi biliki

saZgirelas velidan marcxniv miemarTeba: `gaivli gakafulais da Caxval

ziareTSi”, xolo meore adgili `janjiris mTidan gaiar, naxevar saaTSi

iq xar”, iq bevri Zveli saflavebia, lamazi adgilia, qvebia da lamazi

kordia”. `ziareT janjirTan axloa. viarebodiT iqze”.

33. iaxsari

fSavis erT-erT saymos qistaurTa mfarveli RvTisSvilia iaxsari

(romelic osurad `Zliers~ niSnavs). Igi, Tavdapirvelad, xorcieli

yofila, wminda beri, RvTis mlocveli da RvTisagan Zalamicemuli

devebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. roSkaSi dResac gaCveneben kldes,

romelic devebTan brZolisas laxtiT gaapo iaxsarma. iaxsarma adamianebi

devebisgan daicva. isini srulad amoJlitao.

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34. alpanas giorgoba

sofel alpanas ician giorgoba. viTar igi 23 aprils

saswaulmoqmedis wmindis giorgis dResaswauli. Aam soflebs asxia mTeli

xalxni… alpanis soflisa xorcsac Wamen. xolo aWaris mxolod pur-

Rvino-lobios Seeqcevian `ura, mravalJamieriT”. ician agreTve wirva,

marxva da galoba, Tayvans scemen jvars nasaydarSi, mRerian `nadurs” da

sxva.

35. xaxuli TurqeTi

`xaxuliswyalze~ taZarTan axlos, erT diasaxliss saojaxo

WurWeli gamoetana da recxavda. daRlili welSi aimarTa da taZars

Sexeda. RvTis ZaliT dainaxa, rom taZari loculobda, welSi ixreboda

da imarTeboda. Ggaifiqra, albaT, saWiroa kvlav gavaRoT taZris karebi

da locva aRvasruloTo. dae, Tundac es iyos muslimnuri locva, RmerTi

erTiao. mere soflelebic darwmundnen RvTis nebaSi, rom ufals surda

SeeRoT taZris karebi da elocaT. Aaqedan moyolebuli oTx saukuneze

metia TavianT sulebs am taZarSi avedrebdnen ufals… dResac taZris

mcveli, xoja, aq loculobs. man Tqva: vifiqre, aq mets aRar viloceb-

meTqi. Amis mere sizmari vnaxe…davifice, sanam cocxali var, taZars ar

mivatovebo~.

36 wmindi seri

gadmocemis Tanaxmad wminda berebi cxovrobdnen da moRvaweobdn.

maTi nasiarulevi bilikebi ar tyevdeba. maT maTi samyofeli iq mTaze

hqoniaT, xandaxan Camodiodnen isic sajvareboSio. Oosmalos mere isini

vinmes aRar unaxavso.

37. sajvarebo

adgili qiZiniZeebis zeviT. Turqebis Semosvlis mere, aqaurebs jvrebi

da xatebi daumalavT. soflis sadavo saqme im qvebTan, iq wydeboda. iq

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naTqvams vinme ver gadaTqvamda. im adgilze naTqvam sityvas didi Zala

hqondao.

38. gomanis qva

es qva, klde, wmindaa, mas rasac sTxov Segisrulebso, oRondac

adgilze unda mixvide, kenWebi aiRo, wmindanis nafexurebSi Caawyo da

ukan mouxedavad datio iqauroba. Meixedav, ar Sigisruldeba. Aaq

feiRambers guduvlia cxeniT da klde Suaze guupia. Aaq dResacaa misi da

Tavisi cxenis nafexurebi. aq modioda, mas gzaSi trebi deesien. irgvliv

yvelani daamarcxa da kldec Suaze gaapo da zed gediarao. mis mere es

adgili wmindaa da aq mosuli rasac sTxovs, `gamCeneli~ Seusrulebs.

39. Seidis tba (a - sofel naRvarevis zemoT mTaSi)

kikibos mTis gadaRma, sofel naRvarevis zemoT, aris tba, romelsac

mosaxleoba Seidis tbas uZaxis. Ees tba Zvel droSi oqroiT yofila

savse. masSi yofila mezeloRi (sasaflao) viRac wmindanisa, romelic ar

fuWdeba (ixrwneba) aq mlocvelebi midian da abdes Rebuloben. amboben am

adgilas locva madliao. …

39. Seidis tba (b - sofel naRvarevis zemoT mTaSi)

kikibos mTis gadaRma, sofel naRvarevis zemoT, aris tba, romelsac

mosaxleoba Seidis tbas // wmindanis tbas uZaxis. Eam tbis gverdiT aris

qvis grova, rasac aqaurebi saflavs eZaxian. Aam qvebTan dakavSirebiT

amboben _ rom aq wminda adamiania dasaflavebuli. Aamitomac aq midian

morwmuneebi da loculobeno.

40. `gogo mezeris~ _ ambavi

sayuradReboa, memxlianobis periodSi wminda adgilebis

monaxulebac, rasac Tan sdevda gankurnebisa da Svilierebis vedreba.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, uSvilo qalebis svla devsqelis mTis

saZovrebidan `gogo mezeris~, anu wmindanis saflavis mosanaxuleblad.

Aaq myofi qalebi ramdenime saaTiT iZinebdnen da sizmris avkargianobis

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mixedviT msjelobdnen momavalze. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba `gogo

mezers~ Svilierebis funqcias miawers.

41. laSaris muxa

xmelgorze, sadac axla laSaris jvris salocavia, erTi bermuxa

mdgara, romlis wveri cas swvdeboda Turme. Aam muxis Crdili xoSaramde

uwevda. Muxis wverze oqros Sibi ekida da zed angelozebi Camodiodnen

cidan da muxis totebze sxdebodnen.

zurab erisTavma moindoma fSav-xevsireTis damorCileba, magram

verafers gaxda. zurabma fSav-xevsureTis bevri xati gatexa, auracxeli

simdidre gaitana, laSaris jvars ki veraferi mouxerxa. Mmiadgnen misi

ymebi laSaris muxas, dauwyes Wra, magram ramdeni nafotic

gadmovardeboda, imdenive ukan afrindeboda, miekvreboda da xe isev

ikurneboda. zogis gadmocemiT ki, zurabis jariskacebs xis WraSi

uRamdebodaT, bnelSi verafers arCeevdnen da muSaobas wyvetdnen, meore

dRes ki xe isev gamrTelebuli iyo.

zurabi sagonebelSi Cavardnila. Uundoda, rogorme Seetyo muxis

moWris saidumlo da oqros Sibi xelSi Caegdo. Bbolos, zurabs

daubarebia fSavis Tormeti Temidan kacebi da mouTxovia maTTvis, gaecaT

laSaris muxis moWris saidumloo.

pirvelad gogolauri daubarebia, uTqvams: an am muxis moWris

saidumlo unda gamimJRavno, an kldidan unda gadaxteo. maRali klde

yofila, frialo. iqidan gadamxtar kac dabla sulic ar dahyveboda.

Gogolaurs kldidan gadaxtoma aurCevia da gadamxtara kidec. Cavrdnila

aragvSi, gaucuravs mdinare da gaRma tyisTvis Seufarebia Tavi.

42. laSaris jvaris muxa

Cven laSaris jvaris yman viyveniT, iq skam gvqon. welSua davdiodiT

sazRvnelad mindikaurebi da migvyvand sarigo saklavi (xari, xbo an

Wedila). xe yofil erTi laSaris gorze. imas wverSi Sib xqoniav

mabmuliv da caSi yofilav asuliv. es uWrevav zurab erisTavs. Mmagram xe

Turme ar iWrebod, sisxl gadmavidisav, isev ganikurnisav wyluliv.

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erT Cven gvaris kac yofil, romelsac cul ar daukrav xisad da

ZaRlis xorci uWamav (vinc culs ar daxkravd, imas ZaRlis xorci unda

eWama). Ppativsacemad Cven gvarisad skam uboZebav, Tavis ymad maunaTlav

jvars.

43. Tamarisa da laSaris salocavebi

es xatebi nelad (gvian) arian daarsebulebi. Sua nasoflarebSi arian.

naTqomia, ro mxargrZeli yofila ivane, egeTni damxvdnen fxovelnio,

rogorc mxecnio. zogi davwvio. albaT maSindelia, ro nasaxlarebia. es

xatebi Tamar mefis uwinvea daarsebuli. laSaris jvars ro veZaxiT,

jvari iyo. Tamarma Saswira Svilis samwyalobnoda da, raki Tamarma

Saswira, daarqves laSaris jvari, Turme ise wminda giorgobiT xsendeba,

muxis angelozobiTa. Mode-moZmeT ki eZaxdnen Tamarsa da laSararsa da

deda-Svilni ki arian.

Tamari ro momkvdara, rva kubo gausvenebiaT. erTi kubo mand ari

damarxuli da imaze daarses Tamaris jvari, mand wyaroc ari _

pirsabansac eZaxian. ro maxvdebian, fulebs Cahyrian _ ibanebian. wamaliao.

44. gemisambuvi karCxlebze

karCxlebze axlacaa `gemisambuvi~, qveyana romna daqceuliyo, noves

gamCenelma gamucxada, gemi aaSeneo. novem kidobani karCxlebze gaaCera. iq

jenjirebi axlacao. am kldeze didi naxvretia, razec gemebs ambavdneno~.

imis qveidan ki karCxlebs Soris movakebul adgils `jvari mindori~

hqvia.

45. mewyris mizezi

wablanaSi mewyeri imitom Camowva, rom iqaurma monadireebma Sveli

mokles.

46. argineTis miTi

`noem gadmovida da gemi miaba mTaze. Bbaboi ityoda: argineTis

mTazeo rom jaWvia, iq miabao novem, megem, gemic am mTaze uuSenebia. Mmere

ucurvia gems, ucurvia da isev aq dabrunebula. xalxSi arsebuli

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Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, vinc argneTis // argineTis mTaze ava da iq dabmul

jaWvs naxavs, gamdidrdeba. dunia rom meisvara, aq erTi angelozis gemi

mosula, ii gemi mis msaxurebs mTebze doubamT, memre im kacs douwyia

locva-vedreba-gamCenelo, mze da siTbovo, Tu ara da aq rac jeelebi

myavs, esenic dimiwydebao.

_ gamCenels Seusmenia imis locva-vedreba da wvima guuCerebia, mere

TandaTan duuwyia wyals kleba da sul daweula ZirSi, ii angelozis

saxli mTebze darCenila da xalxi ZirSi Camosula da duuwyia cxovreba.

”angelozs ki (am SemTxvevaSi mTqmels aRar axsovs saxeli), noes ulocia,

uflisTvis uTxovia, raki, Seni davaleba Sevasrule, wamiyvane SenTan,

caSio. mubareqs muusmenia da savse mTvarobas caSi wauyvania. im dRidan

moyolebuli `yvela duniaze gaCenil kacs iq asvla unda”.

amboben, vincxai dilas, mzis sxivis mokidebaze, iq ava da argannis

joxs dakravs im jaWvebs, sul oqros wvima wamua da gaamdidrebs im

kacso.

...Turme aaRwia argineTis mTaze erTma kacma, romelmac mravali

winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, dahkra joxi jaWvebs da gamdidrda.

argineTis mTis saswaulmoqmedi jaWvis Sesaxeb xalxSi darCenila

leqsic:

argneTis Tas Tu waxval,

gza geqneba didia.

arRans duukrav salamad,

javri nu geqneba didia.

argnis joxs Tu dahkrav jaWvebs,

oqro meqneba Zviria,

Sin rom Semobrundebi,

col-Svili dagixvdeba wvrilia.

aseve sainteresoa, roca noes caSi asvlis dro movida, varsklavebma

simRera daiwyes, cidan ki oqros wvima wamovida da noes kidobani

erTianad dafara. Ddilas, vidre mze amovida, amovarda qari da yvelaferi

gaqra, kidobnis jaWvebis garda.

47. karaseris mTis ambavi

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karaserze jenjirebiT yofila dabmuli feiRamberis gemi. Aaqauroba

zRvas uuRia. im dros muxamed fiRambers misi gemi aq duumbia. aWara

dalocvilia, am mxares araferi ar muua.

48. xariaTaRi // karaseri

qveyana eqvsjer avsila da davsila, magram saboloo meSvideao.

duniisMmeeqvsed davsebis dros noves gamocxadebia melaiqebi da uTqmian

yvelaferi. Nnoe kidobans // gems `kara serze~ or welwads aSenebda.

zovli didi kidobani uuSenebia. mSeneblobis dros erT dedabers

uxvewnia noesTvis, mec wamiyvane da gadamarCine, sanacvlod erTi Zroxa

myavs da imis rZes yvela dRes Sen da Sen ustiebs moutano. Nnoe

dapirebia, magram warRvnis dros dedabris wayvana daviwyebia. Qqveyana




uTqvams nenes. pawai wvima iyo, imdeni rom Zroxa dasveldao, sxva

araferio. Ddedaberi isev exveweboda noes, ar damtioo. Nnoes gaukvirda


dedabers uTxra, awi qveyana aRar deiqcevao. am adgils ki `kara seri~


pirvelad aq gauRia.

49. xariaTaRi // karaserze

am duniaze Zalian momravlebulan boroti adamianebi da marto cud

saqmeebs akeTebdnen Turme. RmerTi amaze gabrazebula, gadilxorebula da

guufTxilebia, rom yvelafers davaqcev, gavanadgurebo, mara xalxi im

doneze gaurjulebula, am gafTxilebisaTvis yuric ki ar guubertyia.

Amis mere erTi rCeuli uurCevia RmerTs_novei, romelic aWaraSi

cxovrobda. Amas gamocxadebia uCumarai da uTqmia am duiiidan

dasaRupavad ar memetebio. Nnoe kidobans `kara serze~ aSenebda. mas

zovli didi kidobani uuSenebia. mSeneblobis dros erT dedabers

uxvewnia noesTvis mec wamiyvane da gadamarCine, sanacvlod erTi Zroxa

myavs da imis rZes yvela dRes Sen da Sen ustiebs moutano. Nnoe

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dapirebia, magram warRvnis dros dedaberis wayvana daviwyebia. Qqveyana




uTqvams nenes. pawai wvima iyo, imdeni, rom Zroxa dasveldao, sxva

araferio. Ddedaberi isev exveweboda noes, ar damtioo. Nnoes gaukvirda,


dedabers uTxra awi qveyana aRar deiqcevao. am adgils ki `kara seri~


pirvelad aq gauRia.

50. karaseri // xariaTaRi // Surmuli

karaserze adre noves gemi yofila dabmuli. iq karga xan Jenjirebi

iyo Semonaxuli da mere iqna ganadgurebuli. iq xarebis yiSlac yofila.

Zvelebis gadmocemiT aq erTi dedaberi cxovrobda. Ggemis gamzadebisas

sul exveweboda, ar damtioTo. Qqveyana rom daqceula, aqauroba sul

wyliT avsila. dedaberi daviwyebiaT. Uukan mobrunebulebs am serze isev

muuZebnian dedaberi. Mmale unaxavT qoxSi dedaberi. is madls

guduurCenia. Ddedabers warRvna ver guugia da isev exveweboda ar

damtioTo. masTan erTad is xaric gadarCenila, romelsac noves axmarda

samuSaoebze. amis mere am adgils xan karasers, xan xariaTaRs uZaxian.

xaric da dedaberic maTma gakeTebulma madlma gadaarCinao. karaserze

komunistebis dros raRac samxedro baza hqoniaT. is iseTi maRalia,

iqedan yvela mTa moCans. Aes teritoria samxedro kari iyo da amitomac

daerqvao.

51. karaseri

kara kildea. Ees qveyana wyalsa aqvs waRebuli. paraxodi gaakeTebies,

dedal-mamalida Seiyvanes, danarCeni deirCo. Mmemre xelaxla gamravlda

xalxi. ii paraxodi iq, kara serze, yofila dabmuli msxvili jaWviT.

jaWvi axlacaa darCenili~.

52. noes kidobani _ warRvna

149

roca qveyanaze gaCndnen urwmuno adamianebi da maT ar sjerodaT

uflis arsebobis, Uufalma gadawyvita, mTeli samyaro wyliT deefara.

noe RmerTis sayvareli adamiani iyo, vinaidan mas RmerTis sjeroda. noem

gadawyvita, didi kidobani aego da SiT yvela sulieri cot-cota Seeyvana.

kidobanze aitanes saWmel-sasmeli, ormoci dRis maragi. Mmisi Svili ki

urwmuno iyoo. is manam ar gaxda morwmune, sanam wyali ar wameiwia, mas

noe urwmunoebaSi ar uSvebda kidobanSi. is kidobanSi bolo dRes uuSvao.

warRvnis mere bolo dRes xalxs kidobanSi saWmeli gamoeliaT. Nnoem

xalxi mSieri rom ar darCenili yofila Svidi saxis marcvali uuria,

rac iyo moxarSa da xalxs aWama. kidobanSi myof noes maSin gaaxsenda

erTi moxuci qali, romlis kidobanze ayvana daaviwyda. Nnoe ukan roca

dabrunda, moZebna dedaberi da noem deinaxa, rom is qalic da misi

saxlic gadarCeniliyo. Nnoem hkiTxa, wvimebi rom iyo, maSin ras

Svrebodio. Ndedaberma upasuxa, wvima arc Simityvia, Zroxa rom dabrunda,

pawad iyo svelio. is gamCenelma gadaarCina misi madlebis gamoo.

53. `irmisa”-legenda

adigenis raionis sofel aralis maxloblad mdebareobs erTi eklesia,

romelsac `irmisa“ hqvia... erxel iremma daagviana mosvla, rom movida,

dasveneba ar acades da maSinve dakles, amis mere wmindani gamwyrala da iremi

aRar moudioda.

54. iremi saydris galavanSi

zestafonis raionis sofel saqaraSi. yovel mTavarangelozobas,

naSemodgomebs modioda gaRma tyidan Turme iremi saydris galavanSi,

dawveboda da daiwyebda nacoxrobas, mevidoda xalxi da daaclida, sanamdi

deinacoxrebda. mere daklavdnen da Sewiramdnen. yvelas unda rgeboda misi

xorci.

erT weliwads, Turme daagvianda mosvla irems daRonda xalxi, mara

mogvianebiT movida. `mere xalxma, Turme imis SiSiT, ar wavideso,

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danacoxrebamdis dakla. amaze ganrisxda RmerTi da imis Semdeg iremi aRar

modioda.

55. ra Sveli mogiklavs da ra Svilio.

56. Svelis momkvleli

Svelis momkvleli yovelTvis isjeba. sofel gegeliZeebSi wylis smis

dros erT kacs Sveli mouklavs, amis gamo igi RmerTs dausjia. am kacs sanam

gatyavebuli xorci saxlSi autania da misula saxlSi mis or vaJs erTmaneTi

dauxociaT. e. i. vinc moklavs Svelso, kai dRe ar daadgebao.

57. vinc am cxovels moklavs, am wuTisofelSi harami miqniao

feiRamberi rom daiWires qristianebma, feiRambers ar uSvebdnen,

tyidan Tu Sveli Camuao, maSin gagiSvebTo. imaT egonaT, Svelma ra icis

da ras Camuao, ras geigebso, saidan igrZnobso. feiRambers uTqvams, rom

Camovides, marTlac gamiSvebTo? - kio. Sveli mTidan marTlac wamosula,

magram imaT gzaSi misTvis xafangi daugiaT da Sveli iq CaugdiaT,

modioda da dieba, mara moglija Turme xafangi da feiRamberTan mainc

mivida. feiRamberma gaxsna xafangi da CliqSi (Svels ukana fexebTan,

CliqebTan TeTri aqvs) iodiani bamba Caudo, Suuxvia da guuSva da Tqva:

Svelis xorcis Wama akrZala, vinaidan is Cven sicocxles ewirebodao~.

58. Svels ukana fexze TeTri bewvi aqvs

erTxel Sveli dauWeriaT. Sveli roca unda daeklaT, enaze mosula

da uTqvams: patara nukri myavso, mSieri mokvdeba, axla waval, vaWmev da

mere movalo. am kacebs gauSviaT. Svels sityva Suusrulebia da ukan

dabrunebula. mubareeq RmerTs xeli ukana fexze murtymia (es imitom

aqvso) da `waio~ uTqvams: `Sen imdeni dagvijere, nukrs aWame da ukan

moxvedio, rom ar mogvatyue da dabrundi, axla adeqi da wadi Sen

SvilebTan Sen iyavio“.

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59. Sveli mubareqis cxovelia

Svels mubareqis xeli aqvs gadasmuli ukana fexze, amitomacaa

CliqebTan TeTri rom aqvso~.

60. Sveli RmerTis cxovelia

`Sveli RmerTis cxovelia da ar unda moeklaT. albaT RmerTma Suri

magitom iZiao~.

61. Sveli RmerTis cxoveli

RmerTs mis winsafarze duuZinebia Sveli da xeli gadausmia. daWrili

yofila da umkrnalebia da harami uqnia, vinc amas moklavso.

62. `Svelis mokla codvaa”

Svelis mokla rom codvaa, rogorc Cven saqoneli gvyavs da vpatronobT,

ise Svelsac hyolia patroni. erTi monadire osmana yofila, romelic

Svelebs klavda. erT dRes osmanas koxze daunaxavs, rom qali damjdara,

Svels wvelis. osmanas mouklavs, dadagorebula qveviT es Sveli. am dedabers

osmanai duwyevlia. marTlac ar gasula erTi kvira da auji osmana momkvdara.

codva muuwia wvelaSi moklao. cxovelebi xom arian yvelanairi. selim

ibraimi yofila morwmune da baraqiani kaci. mas RmerTma bevri saqoneli

misca, magram mas amaTi movla gauWirdao, amdeni ha na wevyvano? _ RmerTma mas

jebraili gamugzavna. _ am kacma ibraims uTxra: ) _ rome, momyideo nisiad

gamataio, yvelanairi: ZaRli, Zroxa cxvari da a. S. marTlac gaatana nisiad,

magram jebrails sad unda waeyvanao. gevda cota, iqiT tyeSi datiao, mara

yvelas patronobas uwevso.

63. winapriseuli tradiciebidan gamomdinare CvenSi

Svelebs ar klaven

Svelis mokla da masTan dakavSirebul SurisZiebaze mogviTxrobs erTi

ambavi: xixaZiris xeobaSi, am adgilebSi Zalian bevri Sveli icis,

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winaprebiseuli tradiciebidan gamomdinare CvenSi Svelebs ar klaven, magram

axalgazrdebs mainc mouklavT Sveli, amitomac xalxi nawilobriv am

adgilis - `solgomanis” moxeTqva_Camoqcevas am codvas abralebs, Sveli

RmerTis cxovelia da ar unda moeklaTo. madlma marto is adgili gadaarCina,

hacxa qiTabi iyoo, am saxls aqeT iqedan Camuara solgomo.

64. wablanis CamoxeTqvis istoria

es adgili, Zvelebis gadmocemiT, ormoc welSi erTi illa Camodis.

Cemi dedei ityoda, _ rom es CanCurxevi dawyevlilia. imitom rom am seris

qveiT erTi kaci cxovrobda da ReleSi xidi hqonia gakeTebuli. xidis

gaRmaze xexilis baRi hqonia gaSenebuli. Aam xiebze baRvebi asulan, Tan

muuparian da Tan totebic duutexian. Agabrazebul kac imferi dua

CuukiTxia, rom es sebi baRvebi wyalSi Cacvenilan da damxCvalan.

gamCenels es adgili duuwyevlia da am ambis mere es adgili yvelTvin

Camodis, iflateba. Aaxla zamani gafuWda, gamCenelis aRar eSinia, aRar

wams da yvelaferi imis bralia.

Turme, sanam CanCurxevi HCameiqceoda, WaTebSi erTi qali gagiJebula.

uuwevian es qali da kravotis fexze duumbian. am saxlSi erTi orsuli

qali yofila stumrad. giJi qali midgomia: geiqe, geiqe, CanCurxevis seri

modiso. Aamas Camoqcevamde sami dRiT adre yviroda ise, rom ver

aCerebdnen. saxlis Serligs guduwyvetian, wasuliyvnen da xojebi

moeyvanaT da elocaT. ifiqres, axali mTvarea da, albaT, gamuucxadao.

mamamTils xojebi_raqvTidan, fuSrukaulidan muuyvania, ulociaT. mara

qali am locvaze ufro gagiJebula da xojiebisTvis uTqvams: me zaTi

giJad mTvliT, mara Tqven mainc gaaswariT, CanCurxevi modiso. xojebs

marTlac guuswrian im adgilisTvis, im orsul qals ki vera. Cven aqedan

vuyurebdiT, Tu rogor nakec-nakec mohqonda yvelaferi, saSineleba iyo.

faCxidan yvelaferi Canda.

65. CanCurxevis CamoxeTqvis istoria

es adgili, Zvelebis gadmocemiT, ormoc welSi erTi illa Camodis.

Cemi dedei ityoda, rom es CanCurxevi dawyevlilia, mere im adgilze

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dgeba wyali, mere isev Cameiqceva da ase grZeldeba. Turme sanam

CanCurxevi HCameiqceoda, WaTebSi erTi qali gagiJebula, romelic

faCxidan yofila gaTxovili, saxelad nino. Ees qali rom gagiJebula

masTan xoja muuyvanian salocavad. im dros am ojaxSi stumrad orsuli

qali hyoliaT stumari. Eis avadyofi mimdgara am qals, Cqara wai,

gaaswaro, Mmara imasac ver mouswria Svavze gaswreba da isic daRupula.

amas Camoqcevamde sami dRiT adre yviroda ise, rom ver aCerebdnen.

66. qveynis daqcevis istoria

uxsovari droidan arsebobs Tqmuleba, rom dedamiwa dafara wyalma.

aWaraSi cnobili iyo erTi morwmune kaci, saxelad noe, romelmac gaakeTa

uzarmazari gemi, romelsac kidobani deerqva. Aam gemSi Sedioda mravali

cxoveli, frinveli da TviT adamianebi. Ees gemi zRvis piras idga. mas ar

hqonda Sesasvleli kibe. cxovelebi SiT bunebisa da uflis madliT _

ZaliT Sediodnen. Aam gemis axlo-maxlo cxovrobda RmerTis morwmune

sultan-suleimani. Aam kidobnis gemis mSeneblobis dros sulTani

uzidavda sakvebs da Txovda, Nnoe roca mSeneblobas daamTavrebda,

waeyvana. sulTan-suleimani cxovrobda viwro, pawa saxlSi, romelic

ewriT iyo daxuruli. suleimani wevda da deiZina mis saxlSi. Aamovarda

qarbuqi, adidda mdinareebi da zRvebi. wyalma gemi geitaca. mTliani

dedamiwis zurgi dafara wyalma, ar iyo arseboba erTi Tvis manZilze.

erTi Tvis mere gemi daejaxa did goras da gaCerda. rodesac gamoidara.

movida kargi kaSkaSa mze. wyalma karga deiklo da gamoCda _ gorebi,

mTebi. yoveli arseba _ gadmofrinda Zirs gemidan. sulTani mivda noesTan

da uTxra: daginaxeT da wamovedio. Mme rodesac devZine da gamoviRviZe

Cems saxlSi sila iyoo da amitomac SenTan movedio. sulTans mTeli im

xnis ganmavlobaSi eZina, rame arc daSavebia.

67. CanCurxevis CamoxeTqvisa da codva-madli

CanCurxevs Soridan rom Sexedav, gegoneba, erTi pawi seria, aman rana

qnas, ratomna moskdeso, mara zovli saintereso istoria aq. Ees seri

misdReSi 40 welSi erTxel mainc skdeba. zogjer magrad (didad)

moSvavdeba, zogjer ise sustad. misdReSi aqaurebs awvalebs, mara xalxi

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aqaurobas ar scildeba. Aase ambobdnen, es Zveli xalxis codvaa da

amitomo. maT Zveli rwena duukargian, winaprebis saflavebic dakargula.

Wurebi, romlebsac naxuloben pativs ar scemen. sxalTis taZaric

gaavernes da amitomo.

68. CanCurxevis CamoxeTqvisa da wyevlis istoria

Zvelad, Cven winapars, aqaurebi CanCurxevSi wasulan da Svelebze

unadirian. Aaq, Turme, gamCenelis sayvareli cxoveli Sveli binadrobda,

nadirobisas maT Svelic muuklian. am SvelisTvin gamCenels

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba aq dawesebuli. is misi rCeulia. Mmas

mtrebisgan dagebul xafangSi dazianebuli SvelisTvis gamCenels fexSi

TeTri iodiT dasvelebuli bamba Cuudvia da YyvelasTvin uTqmia, es Cemi

cxovelia da ar moklaTo. Ees yvelas codnia, mara sanadirod urwuno

baRvi wasula da rame rom ver muuklia, misula da Sveli muuklia.

sofelSi dabrunebuli biWi` rom duunaxavT feiRambris cxovelis erTai,

maT uTqvamT: gamCeneli dagvwyevlis, amas ar gvapatiebso. Amis mere is

adgili sul skdeba. RmerTi am adgils aRar mfarvelobso.

69. CanCurxevis istoria

CanCurxevis seri imitom darqmevia, rom aq adre erTi CanCurai //

CanCurad Cacmuli kaci cxovrobda. Mmeore gadmocemiT am xeobaSi

uwindelidan moyolebuli sxva sarwmunoebaze morwmune xalxi

cxovrobda. Aaq dResacaa maTi salocavi, aqaurobi am adgilebSi yanis

moxnisas naxuloben qvevrebs. Uwindel droSi, Turqebi rom mosulan,

aqaurebis nawili nebiT, nawili ki ZaliT guumuslimanebian, sarwmunoebis

ambebs, bevri guuwvalian. TaTrebs aqaurebi uwamebian da muuklian.

xalxis TqmiT, es adgilebi imitom skdeba, rom aqaurebma qarTvelebma, maT

rjuls uRalates da RmerTi imitom sjiso. Aaq Tu xalxi ar

gaqristianda, misdRemSi moskdeba da moskdebao.

70. solgomanis istoria

uwindel dros es xeoba yvelaze qristianuli mxare yofila,

Turqebis Semosvlas aqaurebis gamuslimaneba mohyolia. mters aqauri ara

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erTi qristiani beri da morwmune uwamebia, winapriseuli wesebi

uaruyviaT da yvelfer amis gamo es adgili dawyevlilia da 40 welSi

erTxel illa Cameiqceva, asea gamCenelidan dakanonebulio~. solgomanic

magitom darqmevia... moxeTqvis dros mTeli solgo (grova) Camovdao.

71. wminda kacis gafTxilebis ambavi

tbis gaskdomamde adre am sofelSi erT moxuc kacs unaxavs sizmari,

rom sofeli unda wyalma weiRoso. visac daujeria am moxucisaTvis,

dauclia sofeli da wasula zogi maxalakurSi, zogi oSanaxevSi. visac

ar daujeriaT, darCenila da daRupula.

72. vernebis istoria

uwin sofel vernebis Tavze didi tba yofila, uSvelebeli, kacs

Sexedva SeeSindebodao. Mmis zeidan mdgara patara qilisa (eklesia n. m)

am tbaze xalxs arxebi hqonia da yuraRSi yanebs am arxiT rwyavdnen. Aam

tbaSi erTi Savi xari cxovrobda Turme, mara es aravis ar codnia. sof

vernebSi erTi kalaiji yofila, amas erTi kai buRa xari yolia, iseTi,

vinmes xari rom ver ereoda. erTi dRe es xari zovli gvian mosula,

Tanac dasisxlianebuli. Ggakvirvebia kalaijis, ra Wirs Cems xarso, xari

ki mTeli Rame Rmuoda da knesodao. Kmkalavma (kalaiji) gadawyvita meore

dRes xars Cumad gahyoloda. mas egona, vincxa sulierma cema (adamianma).

marTlac meore dRe yvelaferi miatia da Cumad gahyva. xari ialumze

(dila) guuSva Tua ara, xarma pirdapir tbisken wevda. Mmisi xari mivda

tbasTan deiRmuvla Tua ara, iqidan Savi lamazi xari gamovda. deitaken

mara ra deitaken. Kkalaijis SeeSinda mara ras izamda. Mmere deinaxa, rom

misma xarma waago. Kkalaijim im saRamos mis xars rkinis qiebi gaukeTa,

masze almasebi daamagra da mis xars rqebze guukeTa da isev wayva

uCumarai. xarebma isev iWidaves, mara xmeleTis xarma ajoba, Savi xars

dRamfali muadenia wyalSi. Gdasisxlianebuli xaris Cavardna da wylis

aqafeba erTi yofila. Ddidi xma uqnia, is eklesiac da irgvliv adgilebi,

sofeli vernebis teritoria, Tla wuuRia. xalxs gavernebuli sofeli

uuRdgenia da isev am adgilebSi cxovreba dauwyia. Aam soflisTvis ki

vernebi duurqmian.

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73. vernebis tbis istoria

sofel vernebis Tavze didi tba yofila, Aam tbaSi erTi wylis xari

cxovrobda Turme, mara es aravis ar codnia. sof vernebSi erTi

momkalveli yofila, amas erTi kai buRa xari yolia, iseTi vinmes xari

rom ver ereoda. erTi dRe es xari gasisxlianebuli da Sieri mosula,

kalaijis guduwyvitia meore dRes xars Cumad gahyoloda. Ppatronma xari

ialumze (dila) guuSva Tua ara, xarma pirdapir tbisken wevda. Mmisi xari

mivda tbasTan. iqidan wylis xari gamovda. xarebi erTmaneTs SeebrZolen.

vernebelis xarma waago. kalaijim im saRamos mis xars rkinis qiebi

gaukeTa masze almasebi daamagra da mis xars rqebze guukeTa da isev

wayva uCumarai. xarebma isev iWidaves, mara xmeleTis xarma ajoba. Gwylis

dasisxlianebuli xaris Cavardna da wylis aqafeba erTi yofila. Ddidi

xma uqnia, is eklesiac da irgvliv adgilebi, sofeli vernebis teritoria

Tla wuuRia. xalxs gavernebuli sofeli uuRdgenia da isev am adgilebSi

cxovreba duuwyia. Aam soflisTvis ki imis mere vernebi duurqmian.

75. faCxis kldis legenda

es sofeli faCxmatelebma gaaSenes. im dagorebul lodze jvarcmuli

qriste iyo gamosaxulio...


wablana-faCxis eklesia momxdurebma daangries, jvrebgamosaxuli

lodebi daugorebiaT, raTa gadakarguliyo da aqaurebs daeviwyebinaT. ise

moxda, rom erT-erTi lodis jvris mxare piriT miwisken iyo dagdebuli.

qalebma es ar icodnen da lodze sarecxs recxdnen. erTxel SemoesmaT:

`wadiT, Torem mTa dagordebao, magram ar daijeres, male isev igive xma

gaisma. erTi mainc ar wavida, mTa ki marTlac moskda da kidec Caiyolia;

aqedan modis xatovani gamoTqma: `ras iZaxi FfaCxis kldesaviTo~.


sofel faCxa erT dros dawinaurebuli sofeli yofila. Aam xeobaSi

yvelaze kargi jiSis yurZeni iwurebodao. Aam soflidan sxalTis

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marnamde didi xis Rarebi hqoniaT. yurZens faCxaSi wuravdnen da Rarebis

saSualebiT pirdapir sxalTis marnis WurebSi Caedinebodao. Aam soflis

yurZniT mTeli aWaris eklesiebi maragdeboda.

77. tba xinos aRmosavleTiT

`tbaSi yofila erTi raRac cxoveli, romelic yoveldRe amodioda

wylidan da iqve mindorze gadioda. mindorze Sexvdeboda soflis xari

da daetakeboda mas. saRamomdi Widaobdnen, xolo saRamos

ganSordebodnen erTmaneTs da daRlil-daqanculi, mSieri xari saxlSi

brundeboda. Aase ramdenjerme ganmeorda. es SeniSna xaris patronma,

gaigo mTelma sofelmac. Ddainteresdnen yvelani. sabalaxod gasul xars

diliT gahyvnen tbasTan. cota xnis Semdeg dainaxes, rom wylidan amovida

raRac Savi cxoveli da maSinve etaka xars... xmeleTis xari isev

damarcxda. Mxaris patroni yofila mola-dede maxaraZe, romelic mWedeli

yofila. Mman Tavis xars rqebze rkinis maxvili gaukeTa da gauSva

sabalaxod. im dRes wylidan amosulma cxovelma xari ver daamarcxa,

xarma ki rkinis maxviliT mokla is cxoveli. Amis mere xari normalurad

Zovda da saxlSic maZRari brundeboda. gasula xani da xalxi Zalian

dainteresebula, ra iyo am tbaSi. gadauwyvetiaT am tbis daSroba. erT

mSvenier dRes auRiaT xelT samuSao iaraRebi da soflis mcxovrebni

wasulan tbasTan. dauwyiaT muSaoba Tu ara tbidan wylis gadmosaSvebad,

uceb ca moRrublula, amtydara Weqa-quxili, mosula kokispiruli wvima

da daSinebuli xalxi iZulebuli gamxdara Tavi daenebebina dawyebuli

saqmisTvis. Mmeorejer wasulan, magram maSinac aseTi saSineli amindi

Seqmnila. Aam garemoebas xalxi dauSinebia da amitom xeli auRiaT am

ideaze.

78. yaragoli tbis istoria

yaragoli xixaZiris zeviTaa, Zalian didi tbaa da Tan saSiSi. im

tbaSi bevri xalxia damxCvari. am tbas SiT Tvalebi hqonia. miwis SiT, iq

geedineba. is tba xmeleTze ar gadmodis. Cveni winaprebi ambobden, rom am

tbaSi racxa Savi cxoveli cxovrobs, vinc axlos miva, wylis cxoveli

misgan (yurbans) Sesawirs iTxovs da amitomac yvelafers SiT itacebso.

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aq xalxi xSirad irCoboda, mara damxCvals veravin naxulobda. tba sul

Savi ferisaa, amitomac `yaragoli~ daarqves. am tbaSi sul silaa da fexs

rom Sedgam, SigniT gekideba da giTrevs da gaRrCobs. am tbaSi Sesvlas

misdRemSi eridebian~.


xixaZiris mTaze ari ramdenime tba, keZod, iaila saiCairSi aris ori tba-

yaragolis tba (Savi tba). baiz goli (TeTri tba) yaragolis tba didi tbaa- iq

kacia damxCvali. am tbas aqvs Tvalebi // tbis xvrelebi. am tbaSi aris

Cawyombili wiTeli qvebi, romelic, yovelTvis ar Cans. xalxi mas xan xedavs,

xan ver xedavs. es tbaSi sila Savia, amitom xalxma am tbas `yaragoili” anu

`Savi tba daarqven. am tbaSi daxCobili kaci veRar unaxiT. Savi romaa, amitom

duurqmeviaT.


yaragoli didi da Savi tbaa. iq misvla xalxs Zalian eSinia, imitom rom

aq bevria damxCvali, mara cocxali vinmes ar unaxia. amitom mis axlo-maxlo

xalxi gavlasac ki erideba. Zvelebis TqmiT am tbas imferi gipnozi aqvs

axlos rom midixar, ufro axlos da axlos misvla mogindeba. ase amboben SiT

jazebi cxovrobeno. ubedurebis momtani romaa vici, magram ratom, ar vicio.

81. mwvane tbis_legenda

mwvane tbaSi raRac gareuli `xvlikiseburi cxoveli~ yevari

cxovrobs, romelic SiT Sesul saqonelsa Tu adamians iTrevs. Dmagram

misi kvalis migneba Znelia. Ramdenime wlis winaT viRac daixCo. Ddidxans

eZebdnen. ramdenime saaTis mere damxCvali adamiani roca ipoves,

micvalebuli dazianebuli iyoo. SeSinebuli xalxi amas im cxovels

ukavSirebso.

82. saydrionis eklesiis legenda

159

es tba erT gveleSaps gauCenia. Turme yoveldRe wavidoda zRvaze,

Caigubebda wyals da aq asxamda. tba TandaTan izrdeboda da mTebze

mosaxle xalxs walekvas uqadda. gveleSapTan Sebmas aba, vin gabedavda.

Hhoda, erT kacs saocari mozveri hyolia. rqebi danasaviT hqonia

galesili. erT mSvenier dRes gaparula es mozveri, SeWidebia gveleSaps

da sul daufatria, mxolod kudi darCenia. Eis kudi aris Cveni iori,

axlac rom Cagvidis da ar gviwydeba.

83. WinWaos tbis legenda

WinWaos uZveles dros am tbaSi Savi xari cxovrobda, romelsac wiTeli

Tvalebi hqonia. es am wylis patronis xari yofila. am wyalSi, raime pirutyvi

an adamiani Tu Sevdoda, is ukan iSviaTad brundeboda. es wyali mbrunavia da

Sig yvelafers, Semsvlels Ziravda. CaZiruls ki iSviaTad naxulobdnen. am

tbas siRrmeSi xvrelebi hqonia, is xvreli foTis zRvas uerTdebao. wylis

xari // Savi xari kildesTan cxovrobs da marto mzis amosvlisas gamodioda

xmeleTze, moZovda balaxs, iq xmeleTis xarsac SeebrZoleboda da saRamos

mzis Casvlisas wyalSi Cadioda. am xars yolia racxa patroni, romelic mis

adgilSi gasulebs Ziravda, aqeT saSiSi ar aris. is xari xan Cdeba, xan ara.

gaaCnia, vis gamuuCdeba. es tba adre ufro didi yofila axla TandaTan

pawavdeba. kldis ZirSi zovli Rmaa da Tanac iq brunavso da xalxs Ziravso.

Soridan mwvanea aq wyali.

84. Taze xarebis Sejibris Sesaxeb

WinWaos tbasTan axlos erT-erT ubans saxelad `xariaTaRi~ hqvia. am

adgilas xarebis Sesajibri adgili yofila. Aaq Zvelad modioda ucxo

Savwamwama xari, misi patroni vin iyo, vinmem ar icoda, zogi ambobda _

wylidan amodiso. Eis xari Cven xars misdReSi amarcxebda. erTxel

aqaurebs specialurad gauzrdiaT kargi xari da SeujibrebiaT am

xarisTvis. Mmosaxleobis xars ujobnebia da is xari gaqceula da imis

mere aRar gamoCenila. maSindeli wesis mixedviT, gamarjvebul xars

wiTel badads ambavden, xolo damarcxebuls _ Savs. raze ar vici. erTi

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kia, axla wiTel badads, an setkas, Tvali rom ar eces, imisTvin

vukeTebTo. aqaurebs ki am adgilisTvis es saxeli daurqmeviaT. Aamitom

adgils xariaiaTaRi qvia.

85. naRvarevis tba

sofel naRvarevSi, soflis zemoT,aris tba.... am tbaSi Turme cxovrobda

xari // tbis xari. am soflis mcxovreblebi yovel welwads aWidavebdnen

soflis saukeTeso xars. wylis xari xmeleTis xarTan yovelTvis

gamarjvebuli rCeboda da wyalSi mSvidad cxovrobda. erT welwads

soflelebma saWidaod gayvanil xars rkinis rqebi daadges da sabrZolvelad

wylis xarTan gauSves. am brZolaSi soflis xarma daWra wylis xari.

daWrili wylis xari wyalSi Sevardnila, amis mere tba aboboqrebula

gadmosula napirze da sofeli duuRvria. amis mere am sofels `naRvarevi „

darqmevia.

86. naRvarevis tba

naRvarevi TavSi dResac aris erTi tba. Uuwindel dros, am tbaSi

cxovrobda tbis xari, romelsac soflis xari daWedebia da morevia. Amaze

gabrazebul xars sofeli wyliT duuqcevia.amis mere am sofels

naRvarevi hqvia.

87. jazgoli (jazis tba)

Coxatauris raionis sofel zotis zemoT (TavSi) aris tba, romelsac

`jazgols“ eZaxian. es tba, Zvelebis gadmocemiT, saSiS tbad iTvleboda da

dResac asea. aq aqaurebi misvlasac eridebian, curvisgan xom, ra Tqma unda,

Tavs ikaveben. iq axlos misvla ar SeiZleba, mogajadoebs da deixCobi. es aris

mbrunavi tba. am tbaSi ar aq mniSvneloba, vin Sevva, morwmune Tu urwmuno, vinc

Seva, cocxali veRar gamova, amitomac am tbas `jazgoli // jazis tba“ daerqva.

uwindel dros am tbaSi duunaxiaT erTi kameCi Sesuli, mara kameCi ravarc

Sesula, im wuTSi CuuTrevia da misi gadarCena ver mouxerxebiaT. Zvelebi

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ityoden: qveS racxa mdinare geedinebao, SiT jazebi cxovroben da racxa am

tbaSi Seva, deepatronebian da gareT ar uSvebeno. yvelaferi maTiT xdeba.

88. baiz–golis tba // TeTri tba

baiz goli // TeTri tbaa, misi xalxs ar eSinia, aq araferi ar damxCvala

da Tanac gamWirvalea, amitomac mas TeTri tba daarqves. aq xalxi kidec

curavs. saqonelsac abalaxebs, tbis irgvliv saSiSi araa.

89. wminda xaris istoria

sofel gegeliZeebSi, sadac exla wyaroa, im adgilas wyali ar

yofila. xalxi wylis ukmarisobas ganicdida. erTxelac erT buRa xars

ubuRravia da amgvarad gamoudenia wyali. gaxarebul xalxs es xari

wminda xarad miuCnevia, imave wyaros wylisTvin Suuwiravs, _ duuklavT

xorci xalxisTvis duurigebiaT da sisxli wyalSi CuusxamT. Aamis mere,

yoveli wlis ivlisis TveSi, yvelTin am wyals uklavden xars.

90. rkinis jvaris _ istoria

sanalias mTaze aris adgili, romelsac `rkinis jvars” _ eZaxian.

Zvelebis gadmocemiT, rom aq uZveles dros rkinis jvari yofila,

romelic maT winapars aRumarTavs. Aamitomac am adgils darqmevia es

saxelio.

91. jvari WeWo // WoWi jvaris istoria

CiruxSic aris adgili, romelsac `WoWi jvari”-hqvia. am adgils,

maRal mTaSi, didi rkinis jvari mdgara. iq nangrevebi yofila, uwin iqac

xalxi cxovrobdao. Turqebis Semosvlis dros am teritoriaze didi omi

momxdara. Ppirvel brZolaSi, qarTvelebs duumarcxebiaT Turqebi `WoWi

muuciaT” (SeuSinebiaT n. m) da amitomac am adgilisTvis `WoWi jvari”

duurqmeviaT. mere ki Turqebs duupyriaT aWara, maT jvarica da eklesiac

miwasTan guusworebiaT. ise am mTis qvemoT, sadac jvari yofila im

midamoebSi WeWyo adgilic yofila.

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92. feiRambris wylis istoria

sanaliis mTaze aris adgili, romelsac `feiRambris wyals~

uwodeben. feiRambers am mTiT guuvlia. mTasTan kldeze xeli muudvia da

iqedan (kldis Sua nawilidan) gadmosula wyali. Amis mere am adgils

`feiRambris wyals~ uwodeben.

93. naoSvaris istoria

soflis im adgilas, romelsac axla `naoSvars” uwodeben, XVI s.

Cvenma winaprebma sZlies osmalebs. maTi STamagonebeli Zala wm. Ggiorgi

yofila. Mmomxdurebma gaiges qarTveli vaJkacebis `saidumloeba”, ris

gamoc miwasTan gaaswores eklesia da saydari, nangrevebi ReleSi

gadayares. am adgils axla nasaydrali hqvia.

94. naomvars/naomvals

`Turqobis Jams windaxedul cxmoriselebs am ferdobze mTis meore

ferdamde gvirabi gauTxriaT ise, rom meore bolomde ar gasulan. Mmtris

erT-erTi Semosevis dros qarTvelebs Tavi gvirabisTvis SeufarebiaT.

Oosmaloebs midamo dauTvalierebiaT da sxva gasasvleli rom ver

unaxavT, gvirabis TavSi dabanakebulan imis imediT, rom qarTvelebi

wyurvilsa da SimSils ver gauZlebdnen da gvirabidan gamovidodnen.

amasobaSi qarTvelebs gvirabi bolomde gauTxriaT, mTis meore ferdobze

gasulan da mters zurgidan dasxmian Tavs. Mmxolod erTi askeri

gadarCenila da sulTanTan ambavi miutania, qarTvelebs viRac `wminda

giorgi” exmarebodaT da amitomac gvZlieso.

sulTans axali laSqari gamougzavnia cxmorisisaken. Aam laSqars

gzad sami Zma Seupyria da maTTvis megzuroba dauvalebiaT. Zmebs imdeni

mouxerxebiaT, rom mteri Sor-Sori gziT utarebiaT. amasobaSi

qarTvelebs SeutyviaT mtris Semosevis ambavi, Sekrebilan da mters

saTanadod daxvedrian. marTalia, osmaloebs samive Zma dauxocavT, magram

qarTvelebs arc maTgan dautovebiaT ambis wamRebi. brZolis

adgilisaTvis xalxs `naomvari/naomvali uwodebia.

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95. TeTrosanis eklesia

am sofelSi eklesia rom Sendeboda, aSenebis dros aq mosula TeTr

cxenze amxedrebuli kaci da mas uugia es eklesia, amitom am

eklesiisTvis TeTrosani duurqmeviaT. vin iyo da saidan movda ar ician.

96. sxalTis eklesiaa

Cveni qristianobis dros scxovrobda erTi mefe, romelsac saxelad

Tamar dedofali erqva. am mefes cxovreba didad uyvarda. erTxel am

xeobisaken mounda gamovla da darCena im alagas, sadac dRes sxalTis

eklesiaa sdgas. aq yofila erTi didi msxlis xe, romelic Tavisi

totebiT mTel adgils Crdilavda da hfaravdao. Tamar dedofalma is xe

sizmarSi naxa, meore dRes brZana, aq eklesia unda gavakeToo. ramdenime

xnis Semdeg eklesiisTvis Senobis mzadeba daiwyes. male im cnobil xesac

dauwyes moWra, magram ramdensac moWridnen im xes, imdenjer imas meore

dRes isev ise SeerTebuls, mTels xedavdnen. xalxma veraferi gaawyo da

Sewuxda Zlier. bolos erTma daariga ase, dRes xe mosWraT, monaWeris

Zirs culebi daurWeT da ise datoveT amaRam da xvalo da aRar

SeerTdebao. xe mosWres, culebi ise daurWes, im Rames isev datoves.

meore dres mividnen da naxes, rom xe moWrilia, aRar SeerTebia, culebic

isev winandeburad datovebulni iyvneno.

male daiwyes eklesiis keTeba. eklesiis erTi karebi swored iq

moaqcies, sadac is didi xe idga. karebSi or alagas misi boZebi gauSves,

romelzedac unda SeebaT eklesiis karebi. da ai swored is xeebi,

romlebic dRes karebSia Catanebuli, es swored im xisagan aris

darCenili.

sxalTa kidev imisTvis darqmevia am eklesias. imis Seneba dauwyviaT,

es ambavi mTels am mxaris xalxs gaugia da vinc am adgilidan Sors

iyvnen da ver xedavdnen eklesiis Senobas, isini iseT pirs kiTxavdnen

xolme, romelTac eklesiis Senoba enaxaT: _ did eklesias sad akeTebeno?

mnaxvelni miugebdnen: `msxalTan“ didi msxlis xe rom dgaso. es xe

yvelas scodnia maSin da Semdeg droebSi sityva msxalTan sxalTad

gadakeTdao.

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97. sxalTis eklesiis istoria

Turme pirvelad, roca deiwyes eklesiis ageba, am dros eklesiis

safuZveli gamozomili iqna yinCauris Sua centrSi. Aam centrTan yofila

erTi didi sxali. Zalian sxvili yofila. Amis moWra mouwadinebian,

douwyvian Wra. sisxvilis gamo ramodenime kacs uWria da ver muuWrian.

rodesac Wriden im dRes darCeboda mouWreli. Mmeore dRes rom

movidoden, miduRebuli yofila. Aam dros erT gamocdil kacs

SekiTxebian, rom Cven ver vamTavrebT mis moWras, roca mivalT, isev

miduRebulia da rogor meviqceTo. Aam dros etyvis es gamocdili kaci:

`culebi SiT SetieT, nu gamoiRebT da ar SeduRdebao”. marTlac datoves

culi, wevden. roca dilas moviden, rom namdvilad ar miduRebula. Aase

moiWra is sxali. Ddaiwyes aq safuZveli. `sad keTdeba eklesia?” erTmaneT

ekiTxeboden. Uupasuxebden `sxalTan”. amiT darCenilia saxelwodeba

`sxalTa”. Ees eklesiis masala gadmotanili yofila Tennaridan, Tennaris

seridan. Aaq yofila qvis maragi da maxarai gadmouzidvan. misi safuZveli

im eklesiis kidev iqven aris. im qvis naSTi kidev iqven ari. Qqvis maragTan

iq gamodebulia rkinis zenjiri. im adgils ki ewodeba `zenjir kilde”.

Aam muSaobis periodSi gayofili iyo ustiebi, or nawilad mSenebeli da

masalis damamzadebeli. roca damTavrebis periodSi midga saqme, am dros

mSenebelma SeuTvala, rom me mWirdeba `amdeneTi masala”. iman moswera

xamaT, rom `Sen magdoni kia ar gWirdeba, namdvilad gWirdeba amdoneTi”.

dagegmis gamoangariSebiT sworad uTxra qvis dammzadebelma. Aam dros

roca es werili ustas muutanen, am ustas ufiqria, am masters Cenze meti

codnia gamoangariSebiTo. Ddufiqria da javri muutania da, TiTqos

gadmovardnila Senobidan. Mmisi saflavi eklesiis gverdze iyo. am

eklesias umoqmedia ramodenime xans da, roca samulimano Semosula, maSin

kido darCenila es eklesia da erTi papi yofila. igi dadioda. am papidan

darCenilia gvari papoSvilebi. igi axla soflis saxelia. igi, papi,

eklesiaSi dadioda, locvilobda. samuslimanos Semdeg eklesiis gverdiT

jame guukeTebian. Eis jame damwvara da eklesiaSi ulocavs xalxs.

qarTvelebi wesis mixedviT loculobdnen. Mmuslimanebi hiblisken

locvilobdnen.

165

98. papoSvilebis istoria

sofel papoSvilebSi cxovrobda Rmad moxucebuli papi, romelic

saeklesio piri yofila. es papi momwvaridan (gora, romelic sxalTisa da

papoSvilebis mosazRvre. es is adgilia, im mTaze, yovel dRe sxalTaSi

gadadioda da wirvas eswrebodao... am sofelsac mis sapativcemulod es

saxeli darqmeviao.

99. sxalTis taZari

saqarTveloSi mtris Semosevebis dros Tamar mefe Tavs aWaraSi

afarebda. erTxel Tamar mefes aq dasveneba gadauwyvetia. meore dRes

Tamar mefes da mis mxleblebs, roca adgili dauTvalierebiaT,

gadauwyvetiaT, am adgilas eklesia aeSenebiaT. TamarisTvis ukiTxavT, Tu

misi udidebulesoba sad isurvebda eklesiis aSenebas, mas uTqvams _ ai im

sxalTano. eklesiis adgilas mdgara didi msxali, romelic Zalian

farTo da msxvili yofila.

eklesiis aSenebamde am msxlis mosaWrelad oTxi-xuTi kaci misula

da dauwyiaT msxlis moWra, saRamos ki daunebebiaT da saxlebSi wasulan.

meore dRes mosul muSebs xe sruliad mTeli daxvedriaT, xes culis

danartyamic ki ar emCneoda. ase gavida oTxi dRe. am ambiT soflis yvela

mcxovrebi dainteresebula. xis mWrelebs RamiT mougrovebiT SeSa, mTeli

Rame cecxli hqoniaT, ar dauZiniaT da es xe RamiT mouWriaT. am xis

adgilas ki auSenebiaT eklesia da misi saxelwodebac aqedan warmodgeba

`sxalTa“. roca eklesias aSenebdnen, xalxi kiTxulobda, eklesia sad

Sendebao? isini ki pasuxobdnen sxalTano da swored mis saxels aqedan

Caeyara safuZveli.

eklesiidan aTi kilometris daSorebiT, yofila klde, saidanac

damuSavebul qvebs ezidebodnen. kldidan eklesiamde maxara-jaWvi hqoniaT

gakeTebuli da amiT gadaqondaT eklesiisTvis saWiro masalebi. mSenebels

Tavidanve Seumowmebia da ganusazRvravs qvis raodenoba. roca mSenebloba

damTavrebula, aRmoCnda, rom eklesiis mSeneblobas mis navaraudze

naklebi qva dasWirvebia. mSenebels es ver autania. mSenebeli zeimis

nacvlad eklesiidan Camovardnila da momkvdara.

166

am mxares, sofeli ZirZveli romaa, isic amtkicebs, rom aqaurebi

yanis moxnisas dResac naxuloben Wuris natexebs, xan qvevrebs, romlebic

winaprebis mieraa Camarxuli.

100. sxalTis taZari

sxalTis taZaris mSeneblad gamorCeuli ostati yofila mowveuli.

ostats saWiro qvis masalas Segirdi umzadebda erTi kldis Ziras,

sxalTidan naxevar dRis savalze. gamoCenil ostats Segirdic Tavisi

Sesaferi hyolia. ukanasknels windawin gamouangariSnia, ramdeni qvac

dasWirdeboda taZris damTavrebas da swored imdeni moumzadebia, arc

meti da arc naklebi. ostats Seneba rom daumTavrebia, gamosacdelad

SegirdisaTvis SeuTvlia, qva damaklda da momawodeo. Segirds Tamamad

SeuTvlia: rac gamogigzavne, is eyofoda, meti saWiro ar ariso. ostats

swyenia Tavis Segirdis mixvedriloba: axlave rom aseTi niWi gamoiCina da

majoba, mere raRa iqnebao? ara, Cemi sicocxle ar Rirso. auwevia da

eklesiis saxuravidan gadmoSvebula da Tavi gaufuWebia.

101. laSaris jvaris muxa

Cven laSaris jvaris yman viyveniT, iq skam gvqon. welSu davdiodiT

sazRvnelad mindikaurebi da migvyvand sarigo saklavi (xari, xbo an

Wedila). xe yofil erTi laSaris gorze. imas wverSi Sib xqoniav

mabmuliv da caSi yofilav asuliv. es uWrevav zurab erisTavs. Mmagram xe

Turme ar iWrebod, sisxl gadmavidisav, isev ganikurnisav wyluliv.

erT Cven gvaris kac yofil, romelsac cul ar daukrav xisad da

ZaRlis xorci uWamav (vinc culs ar daxkravd, imas ZaRlis xorci unda

eWama). Ppativsacemad Cven gvarisad skam uboZebav, Tavis ymad maunaTlav

jvars.

102. wmindi seris istoria

wmindiserze wminda mamebi cxovrobdnen. Amis qveviT yofila

strategiuli cixe, romlis saSualebiT aqaurebi, mtrebis Semosvlas

danarCen cixeebs: Suaxevis yalaiboinTan, Subnis, cinareTis cixeebs _

aqedan agebinebdnen. iqve yofila saydari, sadac wm. mamebi cxovrobdnen.

167

wminda mamebi wmindiseridan sajvareboze Cadiodnen, maTTvis specialuri

biliki arsebobda, romelic ar ifareboda, arc balaxiT da arc buCqebiT.

isini morwmuneebi iyvnen da imitomo.

103. wmindiseris istoria

wmindiserze Zvelad wminda mamebi cxovrobdnen. isini qristianebi

yofilan. roca Turqebi Semosulan, imaT mere magaze vinmem rame aRar

icis. Hsad wevden, ratom wevden, vinme rames ar ambobdao. imis qveviT

yofila qristianuli salocavi, saydari // nasaydrevi, sadac nangrevebi

kai xan iyo, gaTlili qvebi axlacaa. kide qveviT, Walebis qvemoT patara

qristianebis samlocveloa, romlis saSualebiT aqaurebi mtrebis

Semosvlas danarCen cixeebs atyobiebdeno.

104. sajvarebo

qiZiniZeebis dasavleTiT aris Wala, romelsac aqaurebi sajvarebos,

veZaxiT. Zvelebis gadmocemiT aq adre qvis nangrevebic yofila, romelic

mere Tla dangreula. Aaq Zvel droSi, Turqebis Semosvlis mere xalxi

RamiT mainc ipareboda da jvars iwerdao. Mmemre ki es ambavi daviwyebas

miecao. ise, am adgils isini xan sakartofile yanad, xan Walad

iyenebdneno. muSaobisas isini raRac-raRacebs naxulobdneno, mara ras,

kargad ar vicio.

105. sajvarebo

qiZiniZeebis Crdilo-dasavleTiT aris sameurneo nakveTi, romel

adgilsac sajvarebos uZaxian. gadmocemiT am adgilas, qiZiniZeebis mTeli

mosaxleoba aq iyrida Tavs. Yyvela Zveli locva da dResaswauli aq

tardeboda. Aam adgilebSi kai xans nangrevebic ki iyo SemorCenili,

miuxedavad Turqebis dangrevisa. Mmere xalxi Cumad mainc ipareboda

RamiT da am adgilebSi loculobda, an Sesawiri gahqondao. Aiq, Zvel

droSi, Turme, naxulobdnen Camarxul jvrebsa da xatebs. Amis zeviT ki

mTavari centri yofila, sadac berebi cxovrobdneno. saidanac did

wirvebze `sajvarebos amodiodneno, wmindiserze cxovrobden_Turme

wminda berebi, romelTa navali biliki ar tyevdeboda_Turme da es

168

bilikebi dResac sufTaao. iq aseve yofila saydari, romelsac dResac

nasaydrali hqvia.. `wmindiseris” midamoebSi mcxovrebi wm. Bberebi-

osmalos agresiis mere aRar gamoCenilano. Turqebi yvela qristians

emterebodnen da wm. mamebs gansakuTrebiTo. maTi Semosvlis mere aqaurebs

xat-jvrebi gautaniaT da soflis ganapira adgilas miwaSi CauflavTo.

morwmuneebi ki RamiT midiodnen da aq loculobdneno, nawili ki ambobs,

aq jvars iwerdneno.

106. sajvarebo

qiZiniZeebis zemoT aris `sajvarebo”, aqaurTa gadmocemiT aq

(exlandel yiSlebis, Walebis mimdebare teritorias gulisxmobs) es

adgili soflis ganapirasaa. sadac nangrevebis naSTebi SeiniSneboda. Aaq

Zvel droSi naxulobdnen Camarxul jvrebsa da xatebs. gadmocemiT aq

Zvel droSi eklesia yofila, sadac aqaurebi jvars iwerdnen da locvebs

ismendneno.

107. Tvarangelos istoria

sofel neniaSi, aRmosavleTiT, soflis TavSi, aris adgili,

romelsac Tvarangelos eZaxian. Aaq Zvelad Tvarangelozis saxelobis

eklesia yofila. Turqebis Semosvlis mere es adgili gavernebula.

eklesiis zusti adgilsamyofeloc ki ar ician. tyeSi vake Walas eZaxian

Tvarangelos.

108. qaSveTi

sofel jabniZeebSi, qaSveTis adgilas, am adgilas eklesia mdgara,

mis irgvliv qristianuli sasaflaoebia. Uuwindel droSi aq

loculobdnen da wminda adgili iyoo.

109. nefe wyali

Tamari rom aq Camosula, auSenebia maWaxelis pirze cixe (saubaria

gvaras cixeze _ a. a) Tamars adgilobrivi wyali ar moswonebia, zeda

kirnaTSi miugnia kai wyalisaTvis, imas azidvinebda da svamda daerqva im

wyals `nefe wyali”.

169

110. Tamar dedofalma yales (cixis) mSenebloba

es yaliebi, es cixeebi gaakeTa Tamar dedofalma, magas hyavda bevri

mowinaaRmdege; misdevdnen, mosdevdnen, mara Tamari gevdoda, gaakeTebda

yales (cixes). moawevda ise saqme, veRar dadgeboda, gevdoda sxva yaleSi.

Yyales akeTebda ase: daagrovebdnen qvas, eiwkapeboden, aZlevden xelidan

xelSi da keTdeboda magre. imfo da imfo (ufro-n. m) magars akeTebda,

mara bolos mixda, rom unda damiWirono da meiwamla Tavi.

111. oSanaxevi

oSanaxevSi yofila qristianuli taZari, sadac xSirad dadioda mefe

Tamari da eswreboda aq gamarTul RvTis sadidebel wirva-locvebs.

sxalTis eklesiidan Tamari sofel vernebis gavliT sofel oSanaxevSi

aucileblad gaivlida. Amefe rac ar unda daRlili yofiliyo, aq

moisvenebda, ramdenime dRes rCeboda, eklesiaSi wirvas eswreboda

òSanas” yurZnis jiSis Rvinos dalevda da gzas xixanis cixisken ise

gaagrZelebdao. Aam soflis xalxs im yurZnis jiSis òSana” saxeli

(Tamar mefes rom uyvarda) mis sapativcemulod daurqmeviaT òSanaxevi”

daurqmeviaT. Ees sofeli am saxels dResac atarebs da Tamars didi

pativiT moixsenieben. am yurZnis jiSi dResac arsebobs am sofelSi da am

uZvels jiSis yurZens Zalian ufrTxildebian winapriseuli anderZis

Tanaxmad. sofel oSanaxevis qveviT yofila adgili, sadac saidumlo

gvirabi yofila, romelic kaloTis qvemoT vardcixeze gadioda. aqedan ki

kaloTis eklesiis maxloblad amodioda. Mmas uZveles droSi Turme

strategiuli mniSvnelobac hqonia. es gvirabi erTmaneTs akavSirebda

Rorjumisa da xixaZiris xeobebis strategiuli Tu religiuri

mniSvnelobis punqtebs (nadarbazevi, xanumis gza, sayoliferdi,

namonastrevi, Tarangelozi da a. S. ).

112. namonastrevis Sesaxeb

300 wlis winaT, namonastrevis adgilebSi, Cemi winaprebi amosulan.

imaT daxvedriaT Zveli nasaxlarebi da didi qristianuli salocavebi,

170

romelic SemdegisTvis dangreula da gapartaxebula. am sofels ki

`namonastrevi” saxelad SerCenia. Ees taZari Tamar mefis aSenebuli iyoo”.

113. nadarbazevsa da naqalaqars Zvelad didi fasi hqonda

`nadarbazevi da `naqalaqari” xeobaSi didad mniSvnelovani centrs

warmoadgenda. Zvel droSi am adgilebSi, Turme, Tamar mefe xSirad

dadioda da didi darbazoba imarTeboda. Aaqedan ki diakoniZeebis

seridan sxalTaSi, sxalTidan oSanaxevSi. oSanaxevidan xixanSi da

xixanidan ki zarzmaSi gadadiodao. Ees iyo mniSvnelovani daniSnulebis

adgili, sadac mefeebi dadiodneno. winaparTa gadmocemiT, maT

`naqalaqari” da `nadarbazevi”-hqvia”.

114. xanumis gza // dedoflis gza

sofel gobaZeebs esazRvreba SavaZeebis samziared, grZeldeba

tyemalaTi, tyemalaTis qvemoT aris gobaZeebis ubani, soflis zemoT aris

nakafi, sadac aRmoCenilia eklesiis nangrevebi. roca muslimanoba iyo

Semosuli, am adgilebSi Cumad adiodnen da Zveleburad loculobdnen

Zvel salocavSi, iq asasvlel gzas rqmevia `Tarangelozi” anu

`Tamarangelozi”. am eklesiisTvis es saxeli imitom duurqmeviaT, rom

uZveles droSi im eklesiaSi asvla da locva muuwadinebia Tamar mefes

da mis amalas. iq asasvleli gza xeiriani ar yofila, amitom aqaurebs

saswrafod tye guukafavT da am gzisTvis `xanumis gza” // dedoflis gza

duurqmeviaT, dResac eZaxian am saxels. xanumSi Tamar mefes moiazrebdnen.

magaze SemorCenilia leqsi, romelic Tamar mefes exeba:

`caSi, tyeSi tabelao,

Cemo nikorwiTelao,

nukruai mikrefia,

ia WurSi Camiyria.

Wuri aduRebulao,

qali atirebulao.

qalasa Svili hyolia:

erTi munji, erTi kuti,

erTi sulac ukeTesi.

171

ade Cemo tatunao,

yana xoxos dauZaxe,

cas Sexede maRalsao,

dauZaxe Tamarsao.

Tamar Cemi rZalio!

SeWedili vercxliTao

welze qamar abiao.

115. nanefvari // nefikalo

nanefvari // nefikalo”- am saxeliT sofel uCxoSi, erT-erT goris.

vakes meixseneben, sadac Turme Tamar mefe dadioda. iq axlos yofila

`Tamaris xidic”. xidis zemoT mdelos ki rqmevia _ `saydri seri” //

`Tarangelozi. Aam mTidan, saydri seri” // `Tarangelozi-idan, gza samad

nawildeba: erTi gza guriaSi midis. Mmeore gza _ maWarelaTSi, xolo

mesame _ sofel uCxosken. `saydri seri” // `Tarangelozi” Tamar mefis

aSenebuli yofila, sadac mefe xSirad dadiodao. Aamave soflis

saxelwodebac sami gzisa da sami xevis kavSirSia. uCxo-Turqulia, rac

qarTulad rac `sam xevs” niSnavso. Tamaris xididan erTi gza guriaSi,

meore xirxaTis yalesken da mesame soflisken midiso. Aaq bevri

nangrevebi yofila. Aaq yanebi rom hqonden, muSaobaSi yvelTvin naSenebis

narCenebi yvebodnen, axla mianebes Tavi, adre komunistebis dros iyo

sakartofileebi.

116. nanefvari

saxeli `nanefvari” hqvia qedis raionis sofel cxmorisSi erT adgils.

gadmocemis Tanaxmad zemo aWaraSi mimavali Tamar mefe cxmorisis

eklesiidan wirvis damTavrebis mere `nanefvarSi” isvenebda da gzas mere

agrZelebdao. Zvelad am adgilas samefo saxli yofila, romelic

SemdgomSi ganadgurebula. Aam adgilis saxelwodeba `nanefvari” ki

SemorCenila.

117. nanefvari kalo

172

sofel cxmorisSi aris adgili. am adgilas Zvel droSi Turme

uaRresad keTili da morwmune Tamar mefe dadioda da cxovrobda, mere

is mefe momkvdara. xalxs mere am adgilisTvis nanefvari kalo

daurqmeviaT.

118. nanefvari kalo

Tqmulebis mixedviT, Tamaris davalebiT aWaraSi umogzauriaT daviT

soslansa da SoTas. xixanidan sxalTas stumrobian, iqidan kavianSi

gauvliaT, dandalos TaRiani xididan gegeliZeebisken auRiaT gezi.

gegeliZeebis TavSi wyaros `Tamaris wyaro” darqmevia. mis Semdeg, axos

zeiT, perangas mTis Ziras mSvenier adgils ki `nanefvari” hqvia.

119. Tamaris sarke

es sarke RmerTs maRal mTaze TamarisTvis guukeTebia, gamCenelma iq,

im simaRleze imitom gaakeTa, rom Tamaris garda am sarkiT aravis ar

esargebla. MTamari iq siarulis dros sarkesTan Tmebs ivarcxnidao. Cveni

Zvelebi amas ambobdeno.

120. Svildiseri // `oxordi-kodali

cinareTis zemoT, maRal kldeze, cixis nangrevia, adgilobrivebi mas

`cixiyels” eZaxian. es cixe qarTvelebis yofila; uCambis xeobiT aq mteri

Semosula, gaRma gasvla ver gaubedia da gamoRma dabanakebula da

cixisaTvis Svildisrebis srola dauwyia, magram cixes veraferi avnoo;

saidanac mteri cixes Svildisars esroda, im adgils exlac hqvia

`Svildiseri”,. qarTveli jari cixidan gamosula da miaxlovebia mters

da isrebs esrodneno, im adgils axlac hqvia.

121. kviriauli

sofel uCambaSi aris sofeli, romelsac `kviriauli” hqvia. cinareTis

cixe Tamar dedofals uuSenebia. Tamar mefe Turme aq xSirad dadioda.

erTxelac, roca Turqebs guugiaT, Tamari am cixeSiao, Tamarisa da cixis

afeTqeba guduwyvetiaT. MmaT kaci gaugzavniaT da SuuTvlian: `nebiT

Cagvbardio”.. `duSmani” (mteri) sofel `kviriaulSi”, cixis gamoRmiT,

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dabanakebula. ganrisxebul Tamars uari SemouTvlia, sapasuxod Turqebs

zarbazanic ki usvriaT, magram cixe iseTi magari kiriT yofila naSenebi,

rom mters cixisTvis veraferi duuklia, im adgils, saidanac zarbazans

isrodnen, `nazarbaznevi”-duuqmeviaT. Tamar mefes rame rom ver

muufiqrebia, uuwevia da cinareTis cixidan TeTri kiri gadmouyria. kirs

iqauroba sul gauTeTrebia. amaze Turqebs ukiTxavT aqaurebisTvis, ra

gadmoyarao?A adgilobrivebs ki upasuxniaT, Tamar mefes Zveli fqvili

hqonda da gadmoyarao. TaTrebs ufiqriaT, amas Tu amdeni darCenili

fqvili hqonia da xeobaSi yris, Cven aq yofnas ra azri aqvs mainc ver

davamarcxebTo. Aamdgaran da wasulan. ASemdeg im adgils, sadac Turqebi

gaCerdnen da Tamaris cixis afeTqeba surdaT `kviriauli”-daurqmeviaT.

imitom rom es ambavi kvira dRes moxdarao”.

122. momwvari

sxalTisxeobisa da mareTis xevis sazRvarze, mTaze aris adgili,

patara ubani, romelsac `momwvari” hqvia Tamar mefe zovli Wkviani da

morwmune mefe yofila, mara mteri misdReSi gasaqansa ar aZlevda.

erTxel, Turme, sofel papoSvilebidan Tamar mefe da misi mxleblebi

sxalTaSi salocavad midiodnen, am dros Tamar mefis laSqars

gamohkidebia mtris laSqari. Tamars am dros cotai jari xlebia, mas

droSi rom miego, amferi racxa muufiqrebia _ gzad bamba daufenia da

cecxli waukidebia, riTac didi cecxli gaCaRebula da mtris jari

Seferxebula. Aam dros ki Tamari samSvidobos gasula. Aam adgils ki

amis mere ki `momwvari” darqmevia.

123. Tamaris borcvi

trapizonidan momaval Tamar mefesa da mis Tanmxleb qalebs, am

adgilas SeusveniT, talaxiani fexebi aq gauwmendiaT. isini bevri

yofilan da maTi ganawmendi talaxisgan _ gora, borcvi gakeTebula.

SemdegSi xalxs am adgilisTvis `Tamaris borcvi” daurqmeviaT. adre es

teritoria da mis mimdebare adgilebi yofila qalaqis centri, xolo

axlandeli baTumis adgilas ki yofila mdinare Woroxis delta, Semdeg,

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bunebrivi procesebis gaumjobesebas ki qalaqi TandaTan aqeT

gadmounacvlebiaT.

124. Tamaris cixis-ambavi

saqarTvelodan momaval Tamar mefesa da mis Tanmxleb qalebs, am

adgilas SeusveniT, talaxiani qoSebi gauwmendiaT. isini bevri yofilan

da warmoqmnila gora, borcvi gakeTebula. Mmere mefes aq cixis aSeneba

ubrZanebia. mere marTlac uuSenebian aq cixe. SemdegSi xalxs am

adgilisTvis `Tamaris borcvi” daurqmeviaT.

125. kavianis cixe

gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil aqaur mcxovreblebs gadauwyvetiaT cixe-koSkis

aSeneba, magram samSeneblo masalis mitana yvelaze ufro metad

gaZnelebula. MmaSin erTi mandilosani gamosula xalxis winaSe da

ganucxadebia: `_ sakvirveli is aris, rom amdeni mamakacebi aqa xarT da

amodena mileTis gadarCenaze ar fiqrobT. Svildkodebi bevrad

arafradaa saxmari, isa sjobia, cota gavisarjoT da TavSesafari cixe-

galavani avaSenoT mandilosnis sityvebi xalxs moswonebia.

dedakacisTvis xotba Seusxams iq myof da cixe-koSkis mSeneblobisTvis

mzadebis Tadarigs Sesdgomian….

auracxeli mteri Semosevia Cvens miwa-wyals. Savi zRvis sanapiroze

mdebare soflebi da qalaqi baTumi auoxrebia. raki guli ujerebia

iqaurTa JletiT, Semdeg aWariswylis xeobaSi ganlagebuli

soflebisaTvis dauwyia angariSis gasworeba. swored aseTi avbediTobis

dros bWoba gaumarTavT Wvanelebsa da dandaloelebs. Tavi mouyriat

xiWaurTan axlos, iq, sadac Wvaniswyali aWariswyals erTvis da cixe-

koSkis mSenebloba dauwyiaT.

sulmouTqmenlad muSaobda didi Tu patara. riyis Qqvebi mdinaris

napiridan cixe koSkis asaSenebel adgilamde sul xelidan xelSi

gadacemiT miuzidavT. Ggmir qarTvel vaJkacebs pitalo mTis Tavze

dauwyiaT mSenebloba _ koSki aRumarTavT.

126. kavianis cixe da Tamar mefe

175

xixans mimavali Tamar mefe kavianis cixeSi Seuvleli ar

gaagrZelebda gzas. cixeze asvla ki zovli Zneli yofila. Kkavianis

cixes rom aSenebden, Tamar mefes uTqmia, erTina vnaxo, rafer aSenebeno

da Relipiridan aRma wasula. aRma mimavals oqros qoSi waZrobia

fexidan. mefes uari ganucxadebia qoSis aRebaze da calfexas auvlia.

droTa ganmavlobaSi qvis qoSi SemorCenia iqaurobas. Mmere iqaurebi im

adgilze midiodnen da Tayvans scemdnen qvis qoSs. Loculobdnen am qvis

irgvliv, am qvis gverdiT muWiT miwas Rebulobdnen, waiRebdnen da

mlocvelebs miutandnen, Sealocinebdnen da patara bavSvebs akvnis

baliSis qveS Semoudebdnen. swamdaT, rom avi sulisa da avadmyofobisgan

Tamaris nakvalevi miwa daicavda maT.

127. kavianis cixe da Tamar mefis naqoSari

kavianis cixis mSeneblobisas Tamars cixeze asvla da daTvaliereba

muuwadinebia. mSenebare cixisken mimaval Tamars, Tan riyis qva wuuRia da

uTqmi,a erTi qvana wevRo da mena CavaSenoo. gzaSi mas fexidan oqros

qoSi waZrobia, Mmara mefes ukve naxevari gza avlili hqonia da uari

uTqvams qoSis amotanaze. fexSiSvelas auvlia aRmarTi da is qva marTlac

CuuSenebiaT. Aam qvasTan aqaurebi midiodnen loculobdnen.

128. kavianis cixe da Tamar mefe

urjulo mefes gamoqcevia Tamar mefe. xiWauris cixeSi gamagrebul

Tamar mefes kavianis cixis teritoria zovli mowonebia, ubZanebia da erT

RameSi uuSenebian cixe. xalxi kavianis cixemde Camdgari rigSi, erTmaneTs

xelidan xelSi awodebdnen da ise aaSenes es cixeo. mere ise mowonebia

Tamari urjulo mefes aq damalvia da iqedan ebrZolebodao. maRal mTaze

aRmarTul cixeze produqti da masalebi kavebiT ahqondaT da amitom

daerqva `kavianio”.

129. `jan qalaqi~ anu `wminda qalaqi~

`yavaRluRis batoni Rrma moxucebulobaSi gardacvlila, darCenilan

misi moxuci dedaberi da ori vaJiSvili _ Ciruxela da cxvirkoxela;

ufros Zmas_ Ciruxelas lamazi coli hyolia; erT dRes Zmebi yaleboinSi

176

wasulan. sofels mteri dascemia, mcxovreblebi gauJletiaT da ufrosi

Zmis meuRle gautacniaT; dedaberi maRal mTaze gaqceula da

gamwarebuls ise Zlier dauyviria, rom misi xma Svilebs yaleboinSi

gaugoniaT, TviTon ki dakutebula, ris gamoc mTas `kuti-jvari~

darqmevia. Zmebi gamoqceulan, mTeli sofeli dadevnebia mters da

artahaanTan axlos didi brZola gamarTula. orive mxares didi yofila

msxverpli, magram qarTvelebs mainc gaumarjviaT da qalic daubrunebiaT;

brZolis adgilze qarTvelebs qalaqi gauSenebiaT da `jan qalaqi~ anu

`wminda qalaqi~.

130. kuti-jvris istoria

erTxel, rTvlis dros Turme, jer kidev TurqTa mier aWaris

dapyrobamde, roca am soflis mcxovrebi TavdgiriZeni yofilan. venaxebi

sof. SuaxevSi hqoniaT. erTxel yurZnis sakrefad wasulan. Soflad

mxolod erTi avadmyofi qali darCenila, amasobaSi mteri dasxmia

sofels da cxenebi sul waulalavs. avadmyofi qali, serze asula da

gaWirvebisagan iseTi ZaliT daukivlia, rom TavisianebisTvis xma

miuwvdenia, magram TviTon ki dakutebula da mis mosagoneblad `kutis-

jvari”-daurqmeviaT.

131. kuti-jvris istoria

Semodgomaze, darCiZebs Turqebi Semosevian. Akacebi SuaxevSi yofilan

wasuli, sofelSi marto moxuci dedakacebi yofilan. erTi kuti qali

yofila da imxela dauyviria, rom SuaxevSi gaugoniaT. isini amosulan da

mteri daumarcxebiaT. Ees kuti qali ki momkvdara da am adgilisTvis

`kuti-jvari” daurqmeviaT. am midamoebSi gamoRmiD darCiZeebis cixea da

gaRmiT ki `naqilisvari”.

132. sofeli gulebi

qedis raionSi Sedis sofeli gulebi. igi mdinare aWariswylis

marjvena napirze mdebareobs, mas raionis centraluri adgili uWiravs

da SesaZlebelia, misi saxelwodeba aqedan warmosdgeba. aRniSnul

sofelSi amJamad 25-30 komlamde mcxovrebia, magram Zvelad ufro xSiri

177

dasaxleba unda yofiliyo. Amas adasturebs soflis zemoT nasaxlarebi,

xolo amis zeviT maRal kldeze nangrevebi. ”_aRniSnuli nangrevebi,

rogorc aRniSnaven, mdebareobs soflidan xuTi kilometris moSorebiT,

es naSTebi dauTvalierebiaT eqspediciis wevrebs da Sesabamisi

daskvnebic gamoutaniaT: es nageboba, rogorc aWaris umetesi nagebobebisa,

maRal da sxvebisTvis miuval adgils warmoadgenda. `daTvalierebis

Semdeg nagebobis kedlebi garda saxuravisa, uvnebladaa daculi. sigrZe 6

metri, sigane 5 metri, simaRle 3 metri da 20 santimetri. kedelSi

dasavleTiT datanebuli aqvs ori fanjara. samxreT-aRmosavleTiT aqvs

Sesasvleli karebi_simaRliT 1 metri. karebis CarCoze mTel sigrZeze

qvis lodi Zevs. romelsac 2 adgilze aqvs amokveTili da maT Soris

Rari, sadac xis karebi iqneboda Casmuli. Sesasvleli karebi 1 metri da

cota metis simaRleze aris, rac mowmobs imas, rom aq asasvleli kibe

iqneboda, magram droTa viTarebaSi dangreula... …`adgilobrivi

mcxovreblebi aRniSnuls `eklesiis” nangrevs uwodebs. Ees gadmocema

saeWvoa, radgan mas eklesiis forma ar aqvs, is ufro waagavs 16X18

kvadratiuli metris moculobis oTaxs, sadac albaT cxovrobdnen aqauri

gandgomili RvTis morwmune berebi. rom es Senoba raRac mniSvnelovan

obieqts warmoadgenda, Aamas adasturebs mis qvemoT seris daqanebaze

xuTas metrSi xelovnurad gakeTebuli wyaro. wyaros, romelic qvebiT

gakeTebul auzidan gamodis, ubralod tyeSi ar gaakeTebdnen. maSin

rodesac am SenobaSi uxdebodaT cxovreba. isini RvTis an saero msaxuri

iqneboda, maTTvis wyali aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgend.

133. qilisa // gulebis cixe

qedis raionis sofel zesoflsa da gulebis sazRvarze goraze, mTaze

iyo nangrevi, romelsac qilisas uwodeben. es nangrevi uZveles dros sami

metris simaRleze auSenebia Tamar mefes. zogis TqmiT es qilisa ki ara

cixeao. amasac ambobdnen, Tamar mefe aq dadiodao. Nnangrevi axlaca. Cveni

mamaos, serafime beriZis locviT es nangrevi Sealamazes.

178

134. gulebis ambavi

am soflis Tavze (sofel gulebis) miuval adgilas, Caqvisa da

gulebis sazRvarze mdgara eklesia. xalxi am eklesias Tamaris eklesias

eZaxian. aqaurebs es eklesia specialurad miuval adgilas uuSenebiaTo.

am eklesias pirvel sarTulad `sardafi`hqonia, romelic aqaurebs

Camarxuli miwisagan gauTavisuflebiaT. es sardafi (maTi varaudiT) Zvel

droSi maranisa da sawyobis movaleobas asrulebdao.

winaprebisGgadmocemis Tanaxmad, Turme Tamari aq dadioda da RamiTac

rCebodao. Aam eklesias erTi mxridan hqonia misasvleli da isic gzasTan

sami metriT xramiT yofila daSorebuli. Ggadasasvleli saSualeba

xeebisagan gakeTebuli Zeli yofila. am Zels Tu ar gadebdnen, eklesiaSi

Sesvla SeuZlebeli iyo mimsvlelTaTvis, roca axlobeli midioda, xids

(Zels) gasdebdnen, mere ki isev Seinaxavdnen. eklesiis gadasasvlelTan

guSagi yaraulobda, Tu vinme mteri gamoCndeboda, sxvebsac gaagebinebda

da mters medgrad moigeriebdnen. erTxelac am eklesias Tormeti

SeiraRebuli dasxmia Tavs, maT am siwmindis xelyofa ganuzraxavT.

eklesiis guSags Tormetive kaci mouklavs da sxvebis dasaSineblad

TormetivesTvis guli amouclia da jvarze wamoucvams, es jvari ki

yvelasaTvis uCvenebia. Aamis Semdeg am sofels `gulebi” darqmevia.

135. gulebis istoria

Zvelad sofel gulebis SesasvlelTan cxovrobda erTi kaci,

romelic sofels icavda. maT sofelSi sxva qveynis kaci Tu moindomebda

Sesvlas an cuds Caidenda, an moindomebda cudis gakeTebas, is kaci

momxvdurs klavda guls uRebda da eklesiaze hkidebda, amitomac am

soflisTvis duurqmeviaT `gulebi”.

136. wiTeli xidis istoria

sofel kirnaTSi Turqebi roca Semosulan, maTi pirveli mizani

xalxis gaTaTreba yofila. isini yvela Rones xmarobdnen imisTvis, rom

am kuTxeSi ZirZveli rwmena CaenacvlebinaT sxva sarwmunoebiT, xolo am

kuTxis xalxi ki gansakuTrebuli rwmeniT yofila gamorCeuli. Turqebs

ki maTTvis veraferi mouxerxebiaT. maT adgilobrivebisaTvis qoneba,

179

simdidre, pativi da ra ar SeuTavazebiaT, magram aqaurebs isini uariT

gaustumrebiaT. Turqebs da maT warmomadgenlebs. aseTi xerxisTvis

miumarTavT: erT dRes sofelSi, sadac 50 komli cxovrobda, maTTvis

gamoucxadebiaT, an gamuslimandebiT, an adidebul WoroxSi SexvalT da

gadacuravTo. Oojaxis ufrosi, romelic Woroxs mSvidobianad

gadacuravda, mis ojaxs xelSeuxeblobasa da qristianad darCenas

pirdebodnen, Tu ara da sikvdiliT dasjidnen. gamahmadianebul ojaxs ki

fufunebasa da yovelgvari gadasaxadisgan gaTavisuflebas hpirdebodnen.

am soflis 50 komlidan arc erTi ojaxis ufrosi, arc ki dafiqrebulan,

ise Sesulan adidebul WoroxSi, amaTgan mxolod xuTi gadarCenila,

xolo danarCenebi Woroxs wuuRia. Ees adgili zustad ar ician, had aris.

am adgils mosaxleobis nawili `wiTel xids” eZaxian. Aam adgilas,

Zvelad sxvanairi xidi yofila, Semdeg ki SeucvliaT da dRes aq rkinis

Cveulebrivi xidia. mTqmelebis gadmocemiT, daaxloebiT im midamoebSi

momxdara es ambavi. nawili mosaxleobisa, am ambavs `wiTeli xids”- ki ar

ukavSirebs, aramed mis zemoT mimdebare teritorias asaxelebs... rac

Seexeba termins `wiTel xids” ruseTis mmarTvelobasac ukavSireben.

137. wiTeli xidis istoria

am xeobaSi Turqebis Semosvla da damkvidreba did sirTuleebs

uqmnida adgilobriv mosaxleobas. maTi gamuslimaneba arc ise advili

iyo, rogorc Turqebs warmoedginaT. gadasaxadebisa da mZime pirobebis

miuxedavad, isini uars acxadebdnen sarwmunoebis Secvlaze. osmalom

ukidures formas mimarTa, wiTel xidTan Sekriba mTeli xeobis

mosaxleoba da gamoucxada, vinc gamuslimandeboda, gadasaxadisgan

Tavisufldeboda, xolo vinc uars ityoda, xidze gahyavdaT da iq Wridnen

Tavs. isini am adgils specialurad irCevdnen, micvalebuls xididan

pirdapir wyalSi yridnen, amiT micvalebulis ojaxs ufro amwarebdnen.

erT-erTi aseTi dasjis dros maT xidTan 50 ojaxis ufrosi miuyvaniaT

da analogiuri moTxovna wauyenebiaT _ an sikvdili an gamuslimaneba.

aqedan 45 kaci xidze miuyvaniaT da dausjiaT. xuT kacs ki ganucxadebiaT,

gavmuslimandebiTo. sinamdvileSi, qristianad darCenilan, isini da yvela,

ZaliT gamuslimanebuli maWaxleli sofel SuSaneTis saxlis (amJamad

180

foTeliZeebi cxovroben) eklesiis kuTxeSi dadioda da malulad

loculobda. Mmagram es maluli Sexvedrebi didxans ar gagrZelebula.

mteri ar endoboda adgilobrivebs da es ambavic male gaugiaT... mters

maTvis yvela gza mouWria... maT ki sxva gza aRar darCeniaT da

gamuslimanebula. im adgilisTvis ki, sadac imdeni ubedureba

datrialebula, `wiTeli xidi” daurqmeviaT, vinaidan aq gamvlels

gasisxlianebuli xidi da cxedrebi axsendeboda. Aase SemorCa maWaxlis

folkloris istorias wiTeli xidi da masTan dakavSirebuli tragikuli

istoria.

138. gvaras mosaxleobis erTi istoriuli ambavi

ZaliT gamahmadianebuli aWarlebi mainc qristianobdnen da eseni sai

dumlod Roris xorcsac Wamdnen. am ambiT molebi gadareulan da

uTqvamT sTqviT, rom dReidan TaTrebi xarT, qristianobaze xels iRebT

da Roris xorcs aRar sWamTo. Mmosaxleobisagan sastiki uari miuRia,

molas sapasuxod ganucxadebia, raki ar SegiZliaT, maS, SediT mag

WoroxSi da vinc Sig gacurdeba, gaRma gava, is gadarCeba qristianad,

vinc ar Seva, imas xmali daxvdeba ukan. amaze bevri SeSinebulan da

ganucxadebiaT, rom dReidan namdvili mahmadianebi viqnebiT da yvela

brZanebas SevasrulebTo. vinc winaRmdegi yofilan, isini sul Sesulan

WoroxSi; Woroxi am dros didi yofila da yvela es sabraloebi Sig

damxCvalan da da erTic ar gasula gaRma. am dros qveda maradidSi 50

komli iyo da yvela eseni WoroxSi ise daiRupnen qristianobis

gulisaTTvis, rom rom sofelSi xuTi komliRa darCao”.

139. sofeli akeTa wm. mowame konstantine

aq sofeli akeTa iyo. Mmuslimanobis Semosvlas xalxi did

winaaRmdegobas uwevda. Turme, james agebis Semdegac, nawili

mcxovreblebisa eklesiaSi mainc midiodnen salocavad. Aam sofelSi

yofila vinme kostantine_didmorwmune qristianuli sarwmunoebisa,

romelic eklesiaSi Sedioda salocavad. Llocvis dros is molas

Seupyria, daukravs naZvis xeze da wauTrevia jamemde, romelic

181

imyofeboda 500 metrSi, magram miuxedavad aseTi wamebisa, kostantines

mainc ar miuRia mahmadianuri sarwmunoeba da daRupula~.

140. kakaSvilebis qedi

qedis raionis sofel qeSioRlebSi aris qedi, romelic kakaSvilebis

saxels atarebs. gadmocemis mixedviT, TurqTa batonobis xanaSi, aq

cxovrobda erTi metad sapatio da Rrmad moxuci pirovneba saxelad kaka.

Turqebma moxucs gamahmadianeba mosTxoves, razedac uari miiRes. maSin

momxvdurebma ori axalgazrda wiflis kenwero gadmodrikes da moxuci

gaafTxiles: Tu ar gamahmadiandeboda, kenweroebs fexebze moambamdnen da

Suaze gaglejdnen. sarwmunoebis damcveli moxuci ar SeuSinda am xvedrs

da mowamebrivad aResrula. madlierma STamomavlobam mis Svilebs

kakaSvilebi uwoda, xolo qeds, sadac moxuci awames _ `kakaSvilebis

qedi~.

141. gvanca da lelas kldekaris istoria

sof. dandaloSi aris gora, romelsac gvancasa da lelas goras

uwodeben. am goraze cxovrobdnen debi gvanca da lela, romlebic

gamuslumanebas gaqcevian, am goraze damalulan da Cumad xalxSi

qroistianobis SenarCunebas qadagebdnen. erTi boroti dedakaci lelasa

da gvancas RamiT Cumad ukan gahyolia da maTi samalavi aRmouCenia.

samalavi maRali mTis kldeze yofila, gamoqvabuls magari kari hqonia.

dedabers SiT Sesvla da daTvaliereba gadauwyvetia, magram kari ver

gauRia da mas uTqvams kldea es kari Tu raa ario? amis mere am

adgilisTvis `kldekari~ daurqmeviaT. dedabers es debi soflis mufTTan

dausmenia, maTi adgilsamyofeli uswavlebia. TviTon mzakvrulad

daaxloebia, debi moutyuebia da TurqTa xelSi Caugdia. Turqebs maTi,

sulTanTan wayvana gadauwyvetiaT, radganac debi Zalian lamazebi

yofilan. Sepyrobil debs goris gadasasvlelTan cxeni daufrTxiaT da

xramSi gadaCexilan. amis mere am adgilisaTvis xalxs lelasa da gvancas

gora daurqmeviaT.

142. lelasa da gvancas gora

182

qedis raionis sofel dandaloSi aris gora, romelsac `gvancasa da

lelas goras” uwodeben. am goraze cxovrobdnen debi gvanca da lela,

romlebic gamuslumanebas gaqcevian da am goraze damalulan. isini

malulad xalxSi qroistianobis SenarCunebas qadagebdnen. erT borot

dedakacs es debi soflis muftTan duusmenia, maTi adgilsamyofeli

uswavlebia. TviTon mzakvrulad daaxloebia, debi muutyuebia da TurqTa

xelSi Cuugdia. Turqebs maTi, sulTanTan wayvana guduwyvetiaT, radganac

debi Zalian lamazebi yofilan. Sepyrobil debs goris gadasasvlelTan,

kildeze cxeni duufrTxiaT da xramSi gadaCexilan. amis mere am

adgilisTvis xalxs `lelasa da gvancas gora” duurqmevia.

143. TavsakveTebi aWaraSi

istoriul zemo qarTlSi osmalTa batonobis dros erovnuli

damoukideblobisa da qristianobisTvis brZolas bevri sicocxle

emsxverpla. saubedurod, istorias ar SemorCa maTi saxelebi, Yusaxelod

darCenil wamebulebs saTvalavi ar eyofaT. cnobilia, rom mdinareebis _

mtkvris, Woroxisa da aWariswylis gaswvriv bevrgan TavsakveTi adgilebi

iyo mowyobili. wamebulebs wyalSi yridnen, wyali wiTlad iRebeboda.

wamebulTa gvamebi xis Savi kunZebiviT mihqonda SewiTlebul mdinares. …

144. Tamaris xidi dandaloSi da masTan Cadenili ambebi

mtris agresiaze saubroben xulos raionis sofel uCxos mkvidrni

`Turqebis, maTi rwmenis, Semosvlas aWaraSi didZali problemebi

mohyolia. gansakuTrebiT qvemo aWaraSi. Zvelebis gadmocemiT, aWarlebi

ZaliT gaumuslimanebiaT. A maTi gamuslimaneba dauwyiaT baTumidan.

DdidZali winaaRnamdegoba maWaxlis xeobas gauwevia, mere TandaTan

wamosulan zeviT, aseTive winaaRmdegoba SexvedriaT qedaSi. Turqebs

dasaSineblad da sawameblad Tamaris xidebze hqoniaT mowyobili

TavsakveTebi da `talavarji”_CamosaxCobeli boZi, sadac mihyavdaT da

sjidnen qristian morwmuneebs. aseTi dasjebis Sedegad mTeli aWaris

mosaxleoba TiTqmis gaunadgurebiaT. am ambavs amouRwevia xuloSi.

yadioRlebSi Sekrebilan aqaurebi _ xucesi da aqauri mkvidrni da

mouTaTbirebiaT, rom guriaSi gaegzavnaT kaci, raTa daxmarebodnen

183

aWarlebs. maT marTlac gaagzavnes, magram imaT mosvlamde Turqebi ukve

amovidneno. xucesma xalxs mimarTada uTxra: `rogorc iciT qedaSi 1500

kacia Camokiduli talavarjze, isini erTi kvirea arian Camokidebulebi.

maTi brZaneba aseTia vinc gamahmadiandeba xom kargi, xolo vinc uars

ityoda, mas talavarjze Camokidebdnen da xalxs erTi kvira

ayurebiebdnen. Aan kide Tamaris xidze geiyvandnen da Tavs moWridnen.

qedaSi naxevarze meti gamwydara. Aaseve kavianis cixeze Wvanelebic

CamouxCviaTo. Cven ra vqnaT, sxva gza ar gvaqvs, qarTvelobana

SevnarCunoT saxelad. maT aWaris mosaxleobana gaanadguron da amas

jobia, saxelad, nebiT gavmuslimandeT da ise ki qristianebad davrCeTo.

Cven winapriseul wesebi saxlSi Cumad SevasruloT mere ki davamarcxebT

da isev Cven rwmenas gamovitanT saaSkaraozeo. Ees gadawyvetileba yvelas

erTad miuRiaT. xuloSi sisxli aRar daRvrila.

145. Tamaris cixe // yaleiboinis cixis”-istoria (a)

yaleiboinis cixeze Turqebs TavsakveTi hqondaT mowyobili. Aaq am

raionis soflebidan mohyavdaT is adamianebi, vinc gaqristianebaze uars

acxadebda da xalxis winaSe sastikad uswordebodnen. Zvelebi am cixis

aSenebas Tamar mefes ukavSirebden da mas `Tamaris cixed”-moixseneben.

zogi mosaxleobisa am cixes `yale-boins”eZaxis. Aam saxelis warmoSobas

isini aWaraSi osmalTa batonobas ukavSireben. maTi analiziT sityva

`yaleiboini” Turquli sityvaa da qarTulad sityva-sityviT niSnavs: yale

_ cixes da boini _ qeds (adamianis kisers). aRniSnuli saxeli cixes

Semdegi gadmocemis Tanaxmad darqmevia: `osmalebs SeuyriaT erTad

Suaxevis soflebis mkvidrni, maTTvis SeuTavazebiaT cxovrebis ukeTesi

pirobebi, wyaloba, sulTnis samsaxurSi dawinaureba-winsvla, sanacvlod

ki mouTxoviaT sarwmunoebis Secvla. Tu adgilobrivni SemoTavazebaze

uars ityodnen, osmalebi maT sikvdiliT dasjiT emuqrebodnen. urCTa

dasasjelad osmaloebs Tavis mosakveTi adgili gaukeTebiaT. pirveli

versiiT TavsakveTi cixeSi mouwyviaT, romlis bolo cixis kedelSi

gadioda, saidanac dasjili sxeuli pirdapir mdinareSi vardeboda, xolo

meore versiiT TavsakveTi pirdapir mdinareze gadebul xidze hqoniaT.

cixeSi miyvanil aWaris mkvidrebs uari uTqvamT islamis miRebaze.

184

ganrisxebuli Turqebs ki, am xidze mravali qristianisTvis Tavi

moukveTiaT da mdinareSi gadauyriaT, mowameebis sisxliT mdinare

gawiTlebula. im saRamos ki kokispiruli wvima mosula, mTebSi

mdinareebi adidebula, Rvarcofi wamosula da is adgili da mimdebare

teritoria mTlianad waulekavs.

145. Tamaris cixe // yaleiboinis cixe (b)

osmalTa Semosvlis dros maT aWarlebze gamuslimaneba muuTxovian,

mara maT uai uTqvamT. osmalebs isini SuaxevSi, uCambiswylis

SesarTavTan, Tamaris cixesTan muuyrian, SemaRlebul adgilas, da iq

wyalze guukeTebian TavsakveTi. vinc ar gamuslimandeboda Tavs Wridnen

da pirdapir wyalSi yridnen. am adgilisaTvis ki xalxs yale-boinis cixe

daurqmeviaT. Yyale cixes niSnavs, boini ki kisers // qeds.

146. navaranaeuli

cxmorisa da dadandalos Soris aris yana _ adgili, romelsac

`navarnaeuli”hqvia. am adgils amJamad mosaxleoba saTesad iyenebs. Zvel

droSi Turme aq sofeli yofila. mTeli sofeli Turqebis Seewirnen. mere

es sofeli gavernebula da amis mere darqmevia am adgils `navaranaeuli”.

Aam soflis mosaxleobidan Turqebs xuTi gogona mowonebiaT,

gadaurCeviaT dasasjeli xalxisgan. isini wasayvanad moumzadebiaT.

Turqebi lamazebs faSiebisTvis TurqeTSi agzavnidnen Turme, magram es

gogonebi mimxvdaran da faSebis `xasobasa” da namusis Sercxvenas

cxmorisis mdinareSi Tavis daxrCoba uurCeviaT. marTlac xuTive xididan

gadamxdara da Tavi mouklavs.

147. varaneulis istoria

varaneuli, gadmocemiT, mSvenieri sofeli yofila axlandel sofel

gobroneTTan. qarTvelebisaTvis rjulis Secvlis mosurne osmal

dampyroblebs soflis mcxovreblebi dandalos xidTan miurekiaT, xidze

XII s-is wminda giorgis darbeuli eklesiidan gamotanili xatebi

dauyriaT da xalxisaTvis maTze gadavla ubrZanebiaT. Oosmalos askerebi

maTraxebiTa da xmlebiT darevian xalxs, magram arc erT adamians

185

nabijic ar warudgams win. maSin Cvilebi xelidan gamouglejiaT

dedebisaTvis, xidze gauyvaniaT da haerSi aqneulebs xmliT Suaze

kveTdnen da wyalSi yridnen. Amis damnaxavi dedebic pirdapir aqafebul

wyalSi cviodnen, Turme. Mmagram mainc ar Semdrkalan varaneulelebi.

Bbolos sofelTan xuT ymawvili qali SeurCeviaT haramxanisaTvis

osmalebs, magram Sua xidze isinic xelidan dasxltomian mters da

wiTlad SeRebil aWariswyalSi gadaSvebulan. gaCanagebuli da

gaveranebuli soflisaTvis varaneuli (veraneuli) uwodebia xalxs.

148. dRvanis istoria

sofeli dRvani _ TurqTa gabatonebamde, mWidrod yofila

dasaxlebuli. mama-papuri qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacvisa da

gamahmadianebaze sastiki winaaRmdegobis gamo misi mcxovreblebi Turqebs

sul gauJletiaT, xolo sofeli gadaubugavT. Aase ukacrieli yofila

igi karga xans, vidre bolos iq dasaxldeboda maWaxlis sofel

safutkredan sami Zma, ufrosi Zmis ridRvanis iniciativiT... ”mis

sapatisacemulod _ ridRvanis mixedviT, am soflisTvis `dRvani”

daurqmeviaT.

149. dRvanis istoria

sofel CxutuneTidan, Cveni winaparidan, erTi Zma wasula Suaxevis

raionSi da iq darCenila sacxovreblad. Mmisi saxeli yofila ridRvani.

is iq dasaxlebula. xalxs ki soflisTvis mis sapativcemulod dRvani

daurqmeviaT.

150. madliani sajvarebo

wmindi seris qveiT momcro eklesia mdgara. Turqebis Semosvlis mere

aqaurebs RamiTAam eklesiasTan gautaniaT da miwaSi CaumarxavT ramdenime

jvari. Aam jvrebs aqaurebi didxans malavdnen. RamiT am adgilebSi

midiodnen da loculobdnen, ris gamocAam adgils `sajvarebo~ daarqves.

es adgili yvelaze madliani iyo. 100 wlis CiCeg abaSiZis gadmocemiT, es

adgili mniSvnelovani yofila imiTac, rom soflis xalxi mniSvnelovan

186

ambavs im qvebTan (eklesiis qvebs gulisxmobs) wyvetdneno. iq naTqvam-

gadawyvetils veravin Secvlidao.

151. tragedia _ namonastrevi // amaRleba

sxalTidan 7 km-is daSorebiT aris patara sofeli `Zmagula~. romlis

erT-erT ubansA `namonastrevi~ // àmaRleba~ ewodeba. uZveles dros Cven

winapars aq uuSenebiaT eklesia, amaRlebaSi eklesiis xucesad aqauri

mRvdeli ganuwesebiaT, xolo es eklesia ki amaRlebis dRes gaxsnila da

amitomac àmaRleba~ rqmevia am adgils. mtris Semosvlis mere es

adgilebi ZaliT guumahmadianebiaT, magram mRvdeli, Turme, Tavisas ar

iSlida da wirvas mainc atarebda. erT-erTi wirvis dros, roca zari

irekeboda, mosulan Turqebi, xucesi SeupyriaT da sastikad uwamebiaT -

miwaSi CuukiravT. masTan misvlis saSualeba aravisze miuciaT da

adgilzeve gardacvlila. Aam mRvdels hyolia Zma, saxelad gula,

romelic am ambis Semdeg im midamobSi dasaxlebula, sadac àmaRlebis

eklesia idga da cxovrebac iq gaugrZelebia. amitomac am ubans `Zmagula~

darqmevia. amJamad am ubanSi 3-4 komli cxovrobs.

152. Zveleburi dasjis meTodi

unamusobis an kacis RalatisTvin, kaci iqneboda Tu qali,

deisjebodnen. Meiyvandnen soflis Sua adgilze da muusjidnen amokirvas.

mokiravdnen welamdi da datevdnen. gamvlel-gamomvleli qvas Semokravda.

roicxa rom waxdeboda, qvebs ayridnen da ise ierbier (adgilzeve)

datevdnen. dasjis am meTods, Turqebic iyenebdnen qarTvel morwmuneebis

dasaSineblad.

153. sikvdiliT dasjis uZvelesi wesi aWaris maRalmTianeTSi

winai kaci rom ityoda, is na gakeTebuliyo. iTaTbira da Tqva, mola

lomani gavagdoT soflidano. vis SeeZlo SewinaaRmdegeboda! Kkaci

gaagdes da uukrZales sofelSi stumrobac ki. gonji kaci iyo lomani.

mniSvnelovan masalas Seicavs avtoris mier Cawerili folkloruli

gadmocema, romelic sofel vernebSi mcxovreb Saban Saqiris Ze abaSiZis

naambobia: `vinme rom namuss Seexeboda, an Ralats izamda, imas

187

amokiravden. joris kudze gamobmac iyo joris kudze gamobmac iyo...

mamaCemi as oci wlisa mokvda. is moeswro kacis amokirvas”. amasve

adasturebs sofel xixaZiris mcxovrebi taStan eubisZe gabaiZe: `...

Seiyvandnen soflis Sua adgilze da miusjidnen amokirvas. Amokiravdnen

welamde. Ggamvlel-gamomvleli qvas daayridnen da ase tovebdnen”.

154. dedabris safrinava

xulos raionis soflebis_kvatiasa da fuSrukauls Soris aris

adgili, romelsac aqaurebi `dedabris safrinavs" eZaxian. Aaq, Zvelad,

erTi patara biliki yofila. yvela am gziT sargeblobda. erT dRes

moxuci qali, Tavis SviliSvilTan erTad, midioda mezobel sofelSi.

mosaxvevSi mas Tvali muukravs TurqebisTvis. dedabers ukan dasaxevi gza

ar hqonia. ufiqria devRupeo, mara, Turqebis xelSi Cavrdnas, sikvdili

uurCevia. moxucs SviliSvilisTvis xeli muukidia da misTan erTad

xramSi gadaCexila. xalxs bevri uZebnia, mara kdrebi ver unaxavT.

Zvelebis gadmocemiT micvalebulebi melaiqebs gamCenelTan wuuyvaniaT,

ris gamoc am adgilisTvis `dedabris safrinava" uwodebiaT.


xulos raionis sofel kvatiaSi dResacaa SemorCenili bebia-

SviliSvilis daRupvis ambavi, romelic aseve TurqebTanaa dakavSirebuli.

Turqebis Semosvlis Semdeg, aWaraSi eSinodaT lamazi Svilis yola da

ityodnen, netai ar gamCenodao. sxalTisken mimaval bebiasa da

SviliSvils Soridan SuuniSnavT Turqi askerebi, ukan dasaxevi gza ar

hqoniaT, an amaT unda CavardnodaT xelSi, an daRupuliyvnen. Bbebia arc

ki dafiqrebula, misi lamazi SviliSvili gulSi Cuukravs da kldeze

gadaSvebulan. Mmoxucs sikvdili uurCevia, oRondac Turqebis xarWa ar

gamxdariyo misi SviliSvili. Aam adgils amis mere aqaurebi `dedabris

safrinavas” eZaxian. aqaurebs axlo-maxlo didxans uZebniaT, magram

daRupuli kdrebi (micvalebulebi) ver unaxavT_`huri melaiqiviT

gafrindneno” (angelozebiviTo).

188


yvelaze gvian xixanis xeobis soflebi gamuslimanebula. erT

dedabers lamazi SviliSvili hyolia. is rom TaTrebs ar Cavardnoda da

muhajirobis bedi ar swveoda, sakuTar SviliSvilTan Caxutebuli kldeze

gadavardnila. Amis Semdeg darqmevia am adgils `dedabris safrinavi”.

157. qufTa Rele

am sofelSi Zalad gamuslimanebuli qali Sehyvarebia somex ymas

(mosamsaxures) faSisas, faSas rom guugia es ambavi, mosamsaxureca da

misi orsuli coli faSis ymebs miuyvaniaT. mdinaresTan da `qufTa-

qufTad” (nawil-nawil) uqceviaT. daCexili gvamebi mdinarisTvis

gautanebiaT. im dRidan am RelesTvis xalxs `qufTa Rele” daurqmevia. am

wamebis mere 33 dRe wvima ar SeCerebula, mdinareebi adidebula da

kalapotebidan gadmosula. SeSinebuli xalxi gareT ar gamodioda da

imas ambobdnen, codvam uwiao”.

158. Tqmuleba cxramuxliRelis Sesaxeb

Turqobis dros am sofelSi begebTan Turqebi dadiodnen. aq mosul

mufTebs Turme Zalian moswondaT aWareli qalebi, magram aqauri qalebi

Tavisi nebiT arasodes miyvebodnen Turqebs. erTxel mufTs xalxs Cumad

erTi gasaTxovari gogona moutyuebia, SiSiTa da ZaliT Seucdenia da

duufexmZimebia. am gogonas es ambavi vinmesTvis ver guumxelia, memre

Tanasoflelebs gogonasTvis muceli SuuniSnavT. gadareulan, rogor

gagvibedao da misi dasja gadauwyvetiaT. soflelebs es gogona muxlebze

dauCoqebiaT da rogorc ojaxisa da soflis Semrcxveneli, orRobeebSi

CamoutarebiaT. bolos soflis patara mdinaresTan miyvanamde cxra muxli

(manZilis sazomi erTeulia) hqonia darCenili, roca es qali

gardacvlila. gasisxlianebuli cxedari soflelebs mdinareSi CaugdiaT

da RorRi miuyriaT. am adgilsac da mdinaresac amis Semdeg

`cxramuxliRele" ewodeba.

189

159. cxramuxliRelიs ambavi

Suaxevis raionis sofel nigazeulis ganapiras, qvemoT, gzisken

dabla aris adgili, romelic wminda adgilia. am adgilas midian

muslimani mlocvelebi. mdinaresTan abdes Rebuloben da loculoben.

cxra muxl locvas weikiTxven, Aamitomac hqvia am adgils

`cxramuxliRele".

160. manCxauris_istoria

sofel nigazeulSi, TaTrebis mosvlisTanave, yvela jiSis yurZeni

amouZirkvavT, mougrovebiaT soflis SuagulSi da dauwvavT. am soflis

erT ubanSi axalcixidan moyvanil rZals Txemlisa da naZvis totebs qveS

duumalia Cxavera yurZnis nergebi. Aaxalcixeli rZali zovli lamazi

yofila, mowonebia soflis mufTs, magram nebiT misi daTanxmeba ver

muuxerxebia. mufTi gadahkidebia mas, mara magari qali yofila da vefers

ver uxerxebda. erTxelac es qali viRacas guucia, rom qali malavda

Cxaveris nergebs. Ggamizezebul mufTs yurZnis nergebis damalvisaTvis es

qali cxenis kudze gamoubmia, yurZnis lerwebiT xel-fexi Seukria da

yvelas dasanaxad duusjia. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, am adgils dResac

xarobs Cxaveris jiSis yurZeni, xolo adgils ki `manCxuri" hqvia.

161. mariamxevis ambavi

Suaxevis raionis sofel nigazeulSi aris adgili_saxelad

mariamxevi, sadac Turqebis morigi msxverpli mariami gamxdara. mariami

lamazi qali yofila, mufTi gadahkidebia. misi xelSi Cagdeba

muundomebia, magram mariams uari uTqvams. erT mSvenier dRes Casafrebia

da ukan gahkidebia. mariams ukan dasaxevi gza ar hqonia da piradpir

xevisken uuRia gezi. xalxs dauZaxnia: mariam, xevio, magram mariami ar

SeCerebula da am xevSi gadaCexila. xalxs xevisTvis mariamxevi

Seurqmevia.

162. mariamxevis istoria

Suaxevis raionis sofel nigazeulSi aris adgili saxelad

mariamxevi, am sofelSi erTi qali yofila, romelsac qmari mokdenia da

190

nerviulobisgan dabrmavebula. erTxelac brma xevSi gadaCexila. xalxs

dauZaxnia: mariam, xevio, magram mariami ar SeCerebula da am xevSi

gadaCexila. xalxs xevisTvis `mariamxevi” Seurqmevia.

163. sofel gobroneTis Sesaxeb

erTxel, adre gazafxulze, sofels Turqi marbielebi_15-20 kaci

sarCo-sabadosa da saqonlis gasarekad Semosevian. qalebsa da bavSvebs

soflis eklesiisaTvis SeufarebiaT Tavi. soflidan wasaRebi rom

veraferi unaxiaT, eklesias midgomiaT, eklesiidan bavSvebisa da qalebis

tirilis xma gamodioda. soflis mamakacebma momxvdurebs Seuties, isini

gaiqcnen. ramdenime xnis Semdeg ki mtrebma kvlav Seesien sofels.

soflelma axalgazrda gobronma martom Seutia momxdurebs da yvelani

amoxoca, eklesiis karebi gaaRo da bavSvebi da qalebi gamouSva; isini

gobrons exveodnen da tirodnen: Sen xar Cveni mxsneli gadamrCenio. im

dRidan sofels gobroneTi darqva.

164. xuciqedi

sxalTis xeobaSi xuciqedi SemaRlebuli adgilia, soflis TavSia,

mas sersac uwodeben. Zvelad aq soflis uxucesi, xucesi cxovrobda da

daarqves xucis qedi anu mere `xuci qedi”.

165. naqilisvari

Suaxevis raionis, sofel zemoxevSi, klubTan axlos, Zvel droSi

yofila naeklesiari // saydari. Ggadmocemis mixedviT aq muSaobda vinme

Cerqezi mRvdeli, romelic locvebs atarebda. Turqebis batonobis dros

Turqebs axalcixidan mouyvaniaT vinme xoja. Aam xojas es Cerqezi ZaliT,

xalxic duuSinebia da es mRvdeli guugdebia. TviTon gabatonebula da am

sofelSi muslimanuri locvebis swavlebac duuwyia. es qilisa ki

miwasTan gausworebiaT. ramdenime aTeuli wlis mere aq gahyavdaT axali

gza zemo soflis mimarTulebiT _ gaTxrisas aq adamianebis ConCxebi da

qvevrebi mohyoliaT.

191

166. maxinjauri

erT-erTi versiiT mzeWabuki Tavisi razmiT Turq dampyroblebs

SeebrZola. brZolaSi daiWra da dasaxiCrda. amitomac mtrebma maxinji

giauri uwodes. Wabuki Semdeg daiRupa da mis sapativcemulod sofels

ase Searqves.

167. maxinjauri

aWaraSi rodesac Semovida TurqeTis dampyrobluri jari. Aaqaurebi

Zalian cud dReSi CaugdiaT. isini maT ZaliT awamebdnen da

amuslimanebdnen. axla sadac aris maxinjauri, am adgilas cxovrobda

erTi vaJkaci, romelic TaTrebisgan Seviwroebulebs exmareboda. Mmas

Seuqmnia patara jgufi da maT winaaRmdegobas uwevda. erTxelac is

Turqebs SeupyriaT da uwamebiaT _ misTvis cxviri auTliaT, yurebi

mouWriaT, e. i. daumaxinjebiaT. is am wamebaSi mis patara razms

gaunTavisuflebia. Mmere es biWi isev agrZelebda brZolas maT

winaaRmdeg. is Turqebs did zians ayenebda, Turqebi mis danaxvaze

gaiZaxodnen, rom maxinji giauri modiso. amitom im adamianis

sapativcemulod am adgils maxinjauri daarqves.

168. maxinjauri

Turqebis Semosvlas daba maxinjaurSi cudad Sexvedrian. osmalo

rom Semosula, maT rasac moisurvebdnen, iqaurebs is unda gaekeTebiaT.

vinc moewonebodaT, maTi unda gamxdariyo. Mmere da mere dauwyiaT xalxis

abuCad agdeba. erTxelac maTvin aqaur biWi SewinaaRmdegebia. Turqebs

amis gamo es biWi sastikad uwamebiaT, daumaxinjebiaT, misTvin `maxinji

giauri” uwodebiaT. biWis sapativcemulod, xalxs am adgilisTvis

`maxinjauri daurqmeviaT.

169. natifara

xinoSi erTi vaJkaciviT magari qali yofila, romelic TaTrebs

SuupyriaT. Tamars maTvis gamosasyidi SeuTavazebia, Turqebs mis

sanacvlod fara mouTxoviaT. Tamars marTlac miucia fara (fuli) da

192

uTqvams: `aha natos farao”, nawili imasac ki ambobda rom es adgilic

misca mis sanacvlodo da amis mere am adgils `natifara” _ darqmevia.

170. seri yana

`seri yana” adgili, sadac selim ximSiaSvils Tavi mokveTes `selimi

cixidan gamoiyvanes da bakos zemoT im adgils axlac `seri yanas” Tavi

mokveTes.

171. selim faSas ambavi

sikvdilis win selims baba-faSasa da xalxisaTvis ganucxadebia `me

mWriT Tavs, magram getyviT, rom gurjistani osmaleTs samudamod ar

SerCeba. amis xsovnas me Cems Svilebsac davutovebo”.


xixanis cixeSi TavSefarebul selim-faSas, Tavisi darCenili

jariTurT, araferi ar uWirda, mteri mas verafers ver daaklebda, rom

ara erTi garemoeba_sulTnis kaci sastiki da daundobeli kaci yofila,

mas selimisTvis rom veraferi duuklia, Semdegi xerxisTvis muumarTavs:

man kargad icoda, rom selimi Tavisi xalxisTvis ibrZoda da maTvis ukan

araferze deixevda, amitomac mas, cixis mimdebare soflebis mSvidobiani

mosaxleobis awiokeba duuwyia. Ees ki selimis kacobas Searcxvenda. man

cixeSi damaluli da xalxi ki wvalobda. selimi arc ki dafiqrebula ise

SemuuTlia sulTnisTvis, Cem xalxs Tavi daanebe, me Cagbardebio.

marTlac selimi misi nebiT Cabarebia. is axlandel `seri yanas” _ s

adgilas somexs muuWria misTvin Tavi. is imferi lamazi da vaJkaci

yofila, arc Turqebs da arc qarTvelebs xeli ar uxliaT. somexisTvin

fuli muucian da imas muuWria Tavi. Ees gamxdara mizezi misi nebiT

Cabarebisa. ise ambobdnen, Tavi TurqeTSi weiReso da iq ario.


xixaZirSi, cixeSi, gamagrebul selim_faSas sulTanis jarebi

Semosevian, maT selimis xelSi Cagdeba undodaT. Selimi xixnis cixeSi

gamagrebula. Mmteri ar moSorebia xixanis cixes. Bolos, mters cixe rom

193

ver guutexia, guduwyvetian, rom axlo-maxlo soflebi eewiokebien da

amiT selimi geebrazebien. marTlac selimi dafiqrebula da mis erT-erT

colTan misula, romelic akvanze damxobili baRvs aWmevda. selimi

gamomSvidobebia da uTqvams _ Sen rom oqros beWedi gaqvs momeci, roca

sulTnis msaxurebi momklaven da jibeebs gamiCxrikaven, ar minda Tqvan _

Semaginon, kacoba Semircxvinono, es ra carieli jibeebi hqonia am

SobelZaRlso, am beWeds jibeSi davitovebo. sikvdilis win mtrebisTvin

uTqvams, aWara Tqven mainc ar dagrCebaTo.


selimis dasja osmalos faSas, misi kargi vaJkacobis gamo,

gadaufiqrebia da amis dasturad firmani gamougzavnia. Bbaba-faSas eWvi

hqonia, selimis kaikacobis gamo osmalos FfaSa rom apatiebda, baba-faSa

da misi momxreebs, furtios xidTan Tavisi xalxi hyolia dayenebuli.

mcvelebi gamvlel-gamomvlels Sinjavden. maT TurqeTidan momavali kaci

duuWerian, romelsac patiebis werili mohqondaT. mara mcvelebs kaci

manam ar guuSvian, sanam selimze Tavi ar muuWrian. sulTanisTvis selimis

mokveTili Tavi rom CuutaniaT, gadareula sulTani da uTqvams, amferi

lamazi mosaklavad rafer geimeteTo da CamtanisTvisac Tavi muuWria.

175. selim-faSam ori fuli aCuqao...

z. WiWinaZes 1891 wels Suaxevis raionis sofel darCiZeebSi,

saintereso Tqmuleba Cauweria: `miraTis xevis erT-erT sofelSi

cxovroben darCiZeebi; amaT sofels da mTebsac es saxelwodeba aqvs

miTvisebuli. erTi darCiZe 1878 wels gardacvlila 65 wlisa. Amis mama

gardacvlila 75 wlisa 1830 welSi. Aam moxucis deda qristiani yofila,

romlis qmarma Turme 1815 wels selim-faSas xirxatis cixeSi simindi

moutana, risTvisac ori fuli aCuqa mas selim-faSamo”.


Cveni mamamTavari, selim-faSas TanamebrZoli da medroSe iyo. mas

buqali bairaxtaradac ixsenebdnen da TiTqmis yvela laSqrobis dros

Tan axlda selim-faSas, rogorc misi erTguli msaxuri da mamaci

194

meomari. xirxaTis cixeSi Caketil faSas araferi uWirda, radgan

drodadro amisaTvis sagangebod momzadebuli msaxurebi sursaT-

sanovagiT amaragebdnen, magram roca baba faSam cixes alya Semoartya,

sursaTis maragi gaTavda, SeuZlebeli gaxda garedan sursaTis Semotana

da ramdenime adamiani SimSiliT gardaicvala. selim faSam coli ixmo da

ganucxada: `jibeSi fuli aRar damrCa, Seni oqros samkaulebi momeci.

vici, rogorc ki gaval, osmalebi jibeebs gamiCxrikaven carieli rom

iqneba, dedas da Sen Tavs Semiginebeno”. elmas xanums ori beWedi

gamoarTva, amis Semdeg cixis alayafTan mivida da Tavis sardals

TviTonve gasca brZaneba, karebi gaeRo, raTa Rirseulad Cabareboda

mters, amiT Tavisi 15 000 TanamoZme SimSilisagan sikvdils, xolo

soflebi dawva-awiokebas gadaarCina; marTlac, maSin selimi dasajes,

magram mis garda aravin daRupula, droebiT soflebis awiokebac Sewyda.

otomanTa portas winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli selim ximSiaSvilisTvis

xixanis cixeSi moZmeTagan aravis uRalatia. moRalateni `mokavSire”

ruseTis generlebi arian, xolo selimis daRupvis saidumlo missive

gmirobasa da TavganwirvaSi unda veZioT da pativi mivagoT, rogorc

Tavdadebul rainds da erovnul gmirs.

177. selimis kaikacobis erTi ambavi

selimi halali da amave dros ficxi kaci yofila, Tumca mis sikeTes

sazRvrebi ar hqonebia. erTxel, nigazeulSi cxovrebisas, mas Tavis karze

mosamsaxure biWi mowyenili duunaxavs, mizezi gamuukiTxavs. moaxles

dasaniSni qalisTvis araferi hqonia misatani Turme, amisTvis gogos

mSoblebi uars eubnebodnen da mizezic misi mowyenisa es yofila. selims

Tavis dedis naqoni gulsabnevi amouRia da miucia mosamsaxurisTvis, raTa

coli moeyvana da bednierad ecxovra.

178. muhajirebi da Tamari

Tamar dedofali yofila zamanunda. xalxsa Zaluan yuarebian,

gaWirvebulsa, ieTimsa, avatyofsa, exmareboda megem da imi gulobai. Mmisi

gakeTebuli qemerqofrebi bevria SavSeT, aWaras, axisxas. Ase ityoda Cemi

195

baboi, memed effendi gulo baiaraxtoRli, gogniavridan gamosuli. zogi

leqsebi maxsovs zovli. vimRerebdiT:



ziTval gigavs pirio, me SenTvina da vtirio,

ras dagvaklebs mterio, mec imaze vmRerio.


Cueno dido dedao, es ra degvebedao.

Cueno dido anao, aq ram da mogviyvanao,


Sor digvirCa memleqeTi, RmerTo megve bereqeTi,


vorirav da qamarav, rerov, rerav da qamarav!

179. Tamar dodofali

Tamar dodofali rum yirali gaxda, Zmam ver getana, ratom gaxda is

yiralio. guuxsna harbi. Tamarma meeria. iesiraT eiRo Zma. mara – Zmas

zovli lamazaT Sexeda, Zmas aaferi uzama. Easkrebi misi daamwyria. Mmerme

sul qoleebaT dayida, megem. eskrebSi, zogi yofilan abazebi, eseni ar

iyida arvin. _ eida, ratom zogi ver gigiyidian qoleluRao, _ meikiTxa

Tamar dedofalma erT DdResa. _ racRa –aRar yiduloben xalxio, ver

xtomiloben, vin ariano. _ magaT kabebi CaaacviT, geiyuaneT da

geiyidviano, _ uTqmia Tamarsa. `kabianeb” imiTvin uZaxian abazebsa... _

axlac Cem emris queS imcxovreTo, _ ubrZanebia dedofalsa.

_ yofilan erTi gurji, erTi abazai, erTic lazi. Mmidian

istambolidan trapizon. daJden Tiareze. Tiaresi caSi frinvaSi queSa

CamSpara. zedaze mokvatebulan. Aabazas uTxromia, gulCoriania abazi: _

Sen, gurjoo, Sen guduuxti da Cuen davsubuqdebiT, gadavrCebiTo.

gurjsac uTxromia: _ Tamam, mena guduuxtenao, mara Cem gadaxtomixan

Tquen duutaSunoTnao. duutaSunebian abazas da lazsa, isini

gadacvenilan, gurji gadarCenila.

196

180. Tamar dodofali

Tamar dodofalsa parxali qilisa rom gaukeTebia, imdeni

duuxarjia, oqro aRar dasComia. Tmis dasaWirnebeli qonebia oqrosi.

uTquams, isini gamayidnia am saqmemao. askerebiTun, puri gomocxobisTun

qeri da Tiva-Wuavai ar davtie am sofelSio.

iq erTi aRa yofila: _ nawueliT me degeSvelebi, namuSavT miarTvi,

magraT amuSaveo. ze riTna Ceitano, me ar gegerevio.

dedofalma uTxra: _ eg advilia, magas me muaferebo.

mica culebi askereb, Rarebi gaakeTes. dasWres wminda Werebi, ameiRes

guli, Rari gaakeTes, duusarTes erTmaneTze, eida, Tidan parxal nawueli

Cameitanes. iq mowuela kacma, gamodinda parxalSi. rzis wyarom amaSenebia

parxalio, _ uTquams Tamarsa.

Tamarma dodofalma savriaTi wyalidan ru gaakeTa. wyalsa

gadaagdebdes ReleSi. ru ravlia ici? maRali kapnebia. gumuTlia ase. riT

gamoTxares, ravla gudulia, Aarvin icis. uTqvia Tamar qalsa: _ amas

guerTa parxali qilisa advili iyoo. savriaTi ruma aTavebamdin, wyali

wagdebamdin, kbili tvinebi gamayrevniao.

181. Tamar dodofali RmerTisa moyuaruli yofila.

_ Cuen zuelandelebma ise miTxres, Tamar dodofali RmerTisa

moyuaruli yofila. Cuen zalian Samayuares, risTvin ici?

_ Cuen patituani RarWebi viyaviT. maSin es manqanis gzevnari ar iyo

zegan soflebTan, quabagi zemoT ari. qomoTken wamosulixan baboi jorze

damsuemda. cxenze iada jorze rom damsmiden, qomoTken wevdodiT. iq

parikevi ari. Ufro beTi gzevnarze rom CevdodiT, cxenidam Camomsmida

(murRuleli ityvis _ Camomaxtumlebda). imis qomoTke fexdafex wevdodiT.

RaWi viyav, mevRalodi. parizevSi Releze rom muaxlovdebodi, Cemi anai-

aiSoi metyoda: _ oRul meiRale: ! _ mec vetyodi: hov, mevRale, ani.

iqa, gzipirSi, fiqlebi ari. ase Sewkarebuli, belqida Tamar

dodoflisi dawyobilia. anai metyoda: _ Tamar dodofalsa, is rom

moRalula, RarWi axuWebuli yolia, ima gzipirSi qvebzedam uuyudebia. im

bauSuisi fexi quaSi Cafloboda. Aase fexis kuali ari, TovlSi rom

ravar Cans. imaze fex momasmevniebda. _ fexebi geisuenefs, aRar

197

meiRalvio. _ is qva dResac mis adgil ari. quabelT da balxelTa,

xevelTa ician, ormoc wlis zemoTken kacebT TelT ician. Masze

patituanebT, wuirilT ar ician, imisTvin qi, qomodam xevipiridam

quabaiske, xevaiske gza geikeTa Tavrobama. wyalipiridam umfro advila

weisvlebao da gza iqidam gaakeTa. zemodam fexdafex aRarvina iareba...

im adgilis saxeli parixevia. Emis zemoTai saCinoTia. saCinoTidam

gedeiar, zemoTken wasluxan qed gedeiar, wiTlekari gamoCndeba... mixual

wiTlekari wyaroze, wyal Sesuam, civi wyalia. wiTlekari gemreli

adgilia.

ekari wyaroze, wyal Sesuam, civi wyalia. wiTlekari gemreli

adgilia.

198

teqstTa wyaroebi

1. `qvakacebi vernebSi”. bskifa, saqme #170, mTqmeli xasan abaSiZe. 1972 w.

(Tandilava. gv. 133-134) – (Tandilava 1974: 80).

2. `qvakacebi-adgili `maRalTi”. mTqmeli S. abaSiZe, 75 w., xulos raioni,

sofeli vernebi. Caiwera j. jayelma 1972 w.

3. èrTi ritualis Sesaxeb”. mTqmeli a. d. wiklauri. (jayeli 1975: 63).

4. ,,didgorze locva”. (Tandilava 1974: 17).

5. `qvakacebi SubanSi”. mTq. n. cecxlaZe, dab 1942 w. sof. darCiZeebSi da

mcx. q. baTumSi, S. cecxlaZe, dab. 1940 w. sof SubanSi da mcx. q. baTumSi,

Cav. 2012 w. piradi arqivi.

6. `lazaoba da sxva qristianuli wes-Cveulebebi aWaraSi”, giorgaZe

marina, Jurnali `jvari vazisa” 1989w. #1.

7. `sarmiyelis mTaze arsebul qvakacebze”. (qaTamaZe 1940: 13).

8. `qedelauri da iavela”, J. murie, ,,baTumi da Woroxis auzi”, sax. gam.

baT., 1962, gv. 40.

9. `gvanca-lela~. mTqmeli esma cincaZe, qedis raionis mkvidri, 67 w.

Caviwere 2007 w. piradi arqivi.

10. `gvanca-lela”. (qaTamaZe 1940: 13).

11. gvanca-lela~. mTqmeli s. avaliani, dab. da mcx. sofel dandaloSi, 77

w. Caviwere 2011 w. piradi arqivi.

12. `gvanca-lela _ Turquli wyaroebis mixedviT”, mTqm. sultan da sabri

iavuzebi (futkaraZeebi), sultan sezeri (takiZe) _ futkaraZe 1993: 144.

13. `wmindanis nafexuri”, profesor r. surmaniZe, ìnterviu avtorTan~,

xelnawerTa uflebiT, Cav. 2012 w.

14. (a) `wminda giorgi”, profesor r. surmaniZe, ìnterviu avtorTan~,

xelnawerTa uflebiT, Cav. 2012 w.

14 (b) ,,saklavis Sewirva Wvanis xidze, mTq. T. qarcivaZe dab. sofel

WalaSi da mcx. sofel zemoxevSi. Cav. 2012 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

15. `gomanis qvis istoria”, mTqmeli S. gogitiZe, dab. sofel qiZiniZeebSi

da mcx. qalaq baTumSi. 2012. piradi arqivi.

199

16. `gomanis qvis istoria”, mTqmeli nanuli gogitiZe, 57 w. Ddab. da mcx

sofel qiZiniZeebSi. naTela miqelaZe, dab. sof neniaSi da mcx. sofel

qiZiniZeebSi 57 w.

17. `xezreTi ali”, nbifa, saqme #257, gv. 44. T. SioSvili, ,,xezreTi alis

ciklis legendebi aWaris folklorSi”. wignSi `qarTveli muslimebi

Tanamedroveobis konteqstSi”, T. SioSvili... ssip niko berZeniSvilis

instituti, baTumi, 2010, gv. 174.

18. `xezreTi ali”, nbifa, saqme #194, gv. 62. T. SioSvili, ,,xezreTi alis

ciklis legendebi aWaris folklorSi”. wignSi `qarTveli muslimebi

Tanamedroveobis konteqstSi”, T. SioSvili... ssip niko berZeniSvilis

instituti, baTumi, 2010, gv. 174.

19. `feiRambris fexi” // ,,feiRambris qva”, mTqmeli xenife jayeli _

melaZe, 80 w. sof. Aalmes mkvidri, piradi arqivi, 2008 w.

20. `Tamzis cxeni”, bubulaSvili 2009: 94.

21. `gaqvavebuli gogana istoria”, profesori S. futkaraZe, ìnterviu

avtorTan~, xelnaweris uflebiT. 28. 08. 2012.

22. `serTi ziareTi”, S. futkaraZe 2012: ìnterviu avtorTan~, xelnawerTa

uflebiT. piradi arqivi.

23. `ziareTi adgili~,. S. futkaraZe ,,Cveneburebis qarTuli” tomi II,

gamouqveynebeli), ìnterviu avtorTan~, xelnaweris uflebiT. 28. 08. 2012.

24. `ziareTi”, Марр Н. Дневник поездки в шавшию и Кларджию, wignSi: Георгии

Мерчул, Житие св. Григория Хандзтииского. _ Тексти и расказания по армиано-

грузинского филологии, кн. VII, c- Петербуг. gv. 79. m. beriZe, r. gujejiani,

ziareTobis tradicia istoriul samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

didaWarob” saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wminda tbel abuserisZis

saxelobis universiteti, sxalTis eparqia., saerTaSoriso samecniero

konferencia `didaWaroba” xulo-didaWara, 2010, (masalebi) gv. 179.

25. `ziareTi”, Марр Н. Дневник поездки в шавшию и Кларджию, wignSi: Георгии

Мерчул, Житие св. Григория Хандзтииского. _ Тексти и расказания по армиано-

грузинского филологии, кн. VII, c- Петербуг. gv. 79). (mari: 79. m. beriZe, r.

gujejianini 2010: 176 - m. beriZe, r. gujejiani, ziareTobis tradicia

istoriul samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, didaWaroba” saqarTvelos

200

sapatriarqos wminda tbel abuserisZis saxelobis universiteti, sxalTis

eparqia., saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia `didaWaroba” xulo-

didaWara, 2010, (masalebi).

26. `ziareTi”, e. TayaiSvili, ,,samuslimano saqarTvelo, dabruneba”,

mravaltomeuli, t. I, g. SaraZis saerTo redaqciiT, Tb., 1991.

27. `toponim `Zeglis” istoria”, m. CoxaraZe `…klarjeTis àTormet

savaneT mxare” da wminda giorgis eklesia” _ moxseneba wakiTxulia bsu-s

qarTvel. institutis Teoriul seminarze 2012 wlis 19 ivniss. …

28. `xezreTi ali da Tamar mefe”, m. CoxaraZe `…klarjeTis àTormet

savaneT mxare” da wminda giorgis eklesia” _ moxseneba wakiTxulia bsu

qarTvel. institutis Teoriul seminarze 2012 wlis 19 ivniss. …

29. `ziareTi”-aWaraSi”, m. CoxaraZe `…klarjeTis àTormet savaneT mxare”

da wminda giorgis eklesia” _ moxseneba wakiTxulia bsu qarTvel.

institutis Teoriul seminarze 2012 wlis 19 ivniss.

30. àlmis mTis wminda qvis istoria”, mTqeli x. Mjayeli _ melaZe, 80 w,

dab. da mcx. sofel almeSi. 2002. Ppiradi arqivi.

31. `dadeSi da erkota”, m. beriZe, r. gujejiani, ziareTobis tradicia

istoriul samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, didaWaroba”, saqarTvelos


eparqia., saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia `didaWaroba”, xulo-


32. `baZgireTelTa ziareTi”, m. beriZe, r. gujejiani, ziareTobis tradicia

istoriul samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, didaWaroba” saqarTvelos


eparqia., saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia `didaWaroba”, xulo-


33. ìaxsari”, (miTologiuri enciklopedia 2004: 42).

34. àlpanas giorgoba”, r. erisTavi, ,,folklorul-eTnografiuli

werilebi”, Tb., 1986,

35. `xaxuli-TurqeTi”, g. TurmaniZe, `miwieri saqarTvelo SevavedroT

zeciur saqarTvelos”, gazeTi àWara”, 1999 wlis 27 noemberi.

201

36 `wmindi seri~, mTqmeli S. gogitiZe, dab. sofel qiZiniZeebSi da mcx.

qalaq baTumSi, 2012. piradi arqivi.

37. `sajvarebo~ mTqmeli C. abaSiZe, Caiwera da momawoda r. m ukutaZe, dab.

s. jabniZeebSi da mcx. sof qiZiniZeebSi 2003 w. piradi arqivi.

38. `gomanis qva”, mTqmelebi: nanuli gogitiZe, dab. da mcx. sof

qiZiniZeebSi, 57 w. miqelaZe naTela, Ddabadebuli sofel neniaSi da mcx.

sof qiZiniZeebSi, 55 w. Caviwere 2010 w. piradi arqivi.

39. `Seidis tba”(a_sofel naRvarevis zemoT mTaSi), mTqmeli asie kilaZe,

dabad. sof. cekvaDda mcx. sof. zemoxevSi, Caviwere 2005 w, sofel

zemoxevSi.

39. `Seidis tba” (b- sofel naRvarevis zemoT mTaSi), mTqm d. vaSaymaZe

dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel WalaSi, Caviwere 2004 w. piradi arqivi.

40. `gogos mezeri-ambavi~, (malaymaZe 2008: 143).

41. `laSaris muxa”, Tsufa 26022. mTxrobeli ilo mindikauri, Camw. Nnodar

zviadauri, xaxabo, 1983.

42. `laSaris jvaris muxa”, mTxr. ilo mindikauri, Camw. Nnodar zviadauri,

xaxabo, 1983. Tsufa 26022.

43. `Tamarisa da laSaris salocavebi”, Tsufa 3000. mTxrobeli biWur

badriSvili, Cam w. TinaTin oCiauri, Suafxo, 17. 07. 1979.

44. `gemisambuvi-karCxlebze”, mTqmeli a. kilaZe, dabadebuli Suaxevis

raionis sofel cekvaSi da mcx. sofel zemoxevSi, Cav. 2002 w. piradi

arqivi.

45. `mewyeris mizezi”, g. maxaraSvili, `didi warRvnis legenda aWaris

folklorSi”( filologiis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad)

baTumi 2008. G

46. `argineTis miTi”, g. maxaraSvili, avtoris pirdi arqividan, mTqmeli

jemal qamadaZe, 67w, mcxovrebi Suaxevis raionis sofel neniaSi, Caiwera

bsu filologiis fakultetis III kursis studentma Teona qamadaZem, 2003;

masala mogvawoda Camwerma) g. maxaraSvili, ,,didi warRvnis legenda

aWaris folklorSi”, filologiis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis

mosapoveblad), baTumi 2008.

47. `karaseris mTis ambavi”, mTqmelebi: d. qaTamaZe a. kilaZe, sofel

zemoxevSi mcxovrebi, 2004 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

202

48. `xariaTaRi // karaseri”, mTqmeli T. qarcivaZe, dab. sof WalaSi da mcx.

sof. zemoxevSi. 78 w. 2004 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

49. `xariaTaRi // karaserze”, K mTqmeli n. mamulaZe, dab. da mcx. sof.

neniaSi, 70 w. Ppiradi arqivi, 2004 w.

50. `karaseri // xariaTaRi // Surmuli”, mTqmeli JuJuna zoiZe, dabadebuli

sofel CanCxaloSi da mcxovrebi sofel neniaSi, Caviwere 2000 w.

51. `karaseri”, (bskifa, #259).

52. `noes kidobani _ warRvna”, mTqmeli nodar gabaiZe, 44 w. dab. sofel

skvanaSi da mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, gaugonia dedisgan, Caiwera nika

gabaiZem 2009 w. piradi arqivi.

53. ìrmisa” legenda, (qurasbediani 2001: # 146).

54. ìremi saydris galavanSi”, Tsu, folkloris arqivis saqme N1726.

samuzeumo saarqivo fondi.,

55. `ra Sveli mogiklavs da ra Svilio”, Camweri Tina SioSvili,

ìnterviu avtorTan~, 2004 w.

56. `Svelis momkvleli”, mTqmeli emine xorava, 67 wlis. Mmcx. sarfSi,

gamoTxovili sof. Uurexidan, piradi arqivi.

57. `vinc am cxovels moklavs am wuTisofelSi harami miqniao“, mTqmeli T.

xozrevaniZe, dab. Dda mcx. sof. kvatiaSi. piradi arqivi, 2005 w.

58. `Svels ukana fexze TeTri bewvi aqvs”, mTqmeli T. WaRaliZe, 76 wlis.

dabadebuli da gaTxovili sofel WalaSi, Ppiradi arqivi, 2005 w.

59. `Sveli mubareqis cxovelia”, mTqmeli beriZe xemid SaqirisZe, sof.

brili 78w, piradi arqivi, 2012 w.

60. `Sveli RmerTis cxovelia”, mTqmeli xozrevaniZe nurife, dabadebuli

Dda mcxovrebi sofel kvatiaSi, 74 w. piradi arqivi, 2005 w.

61. `Sveli RmerTis cxoveli”, mTqmeli e. mamulaZe dab. Dda mcx. sof.

neniaSi, 81 wlis, 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

62. `Svlis mokla codvaa”. mTqmeli x. jayeli dab. da mcx. sofel almeSi, 81 w.

piradi arqivi.

203

63. `winaprebiseuli tradiciebidan gamomdinare CvenSi Svelebs ar klaven”,

mTqmeli q. abaSiZe dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel vernebSi, 56 w. Caviwere

2005 w. piradi arqivi.

64. `wablanis CamoxeTqvis istoria”, mTqmeli xozrevaniZe Tenzile,

dabadebuli da mcxovrebi xulos raionis sofel FfaCxaSi, 70 wlis,

Caviwere qalaq baTumSi 2004 wlis aprilSi.

65. `CanCurxevis CamoxeTqvis istoria”, mTqmeli daviTaZe medea,

dabadebuli xulos raionis sofel FfaCxaSi mcxovrebi baTumSi, 38 wlis,


66. `qveynis daqcevis istoria”, mTqmeli guram jinWaraZe, dabadebuli

sofel dologanSi da mcx. daba xelvaCaurSi 64 w. Caiw. linda WinWaraZe


67. `CanCurxevis CamoxeTqvisa da codva-madli istoria”, mTqmeli muxamed

SainiZe, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel sxalTaSi, 70 w. Caviwere

xelvaCauris ra-Si 2004 w. piradi arqivi.

68. `CanCurxevis CamoxeTqvisa da wyevlis istoria”, mTqmeli demural

xozrevaniZe, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel fuSrukaulSi, 68 w.

Caviwere xelvaCauris ra-Si 200 4 w. piradi arqivi.

69. `CanCurxevis istoria”, mTqmeli gulisa daviTaZe, dabadebuli sofel

faCxaSi, mcxovrebi moskovSi, 41 w. gaugonia babuasgan, Caviwere moskovSi


70. `solgomanis istoria”,. (miqelaZe 2005).

71. `wminda kaci gafTxilebis ambavi”, bskifa, #171, 1972.

72. `vernebis istoria”, mTqmeli qemal abaSiZe, dabadebuli sofel

vernebSi, mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, 67 w. Caviwere xelvaCauris ra-Si


73. `vernebis tbis istoria”, mTqmeli ruslan abaSiZe, dabadebuli sofel

vernebSi. mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, 67 w. Caviwere xelvaCauris ra-Si


74. `vernebis tbis istoria”, mTqmeli biWiko abaSiZe, dabadebuli sofel

vernebSi. mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, 67 w. Caviwere xelvaCauris ra-Si


204

75. `faCxis kldis legenda”, (saxokia 1985: 234).

76. `faCxis kldis legenda”, mTqmeli q. abaSiZe, dab. da mcx. sof. vernebSi.

50 w. piradi arqivi, 2005 w.

77. `tba xinos aRmosavleTiT”, (qaTamaZe 1940: 19-20).

78. `yaragoli tbis istoria”, mTqmeli gulnara cecxlaZe, dabad sofel

skvanaSi, amJamad mcx, SuaxevSi, Caviwere gomis mTaSi 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

79. `yaragoli tbis istoria”, mTqmeli fatyume gabaiZe, mcx. da dab. sofel

skvanaSi. 71 wlis. Caviwere 2004 wels.

80. `yaragoli tbis istoria”, mTqmeli qamaSiZe j. Ddab. Dda mcx. xixaZiris

raionis sofel TxilvanaSi. 79 wlis, Caviwere 2005 w.

81. `mwvane tbis _ legenda”, mTqmeli i. melaZe. Ddab da mcx. dab

xelvaCaurSi, 2004 w. piradi arqivi.

82. `saydrionis eklesiis~_legenda”, folk. arq, k, 165.

83. `WinWaos tbis legenda”, mTqeli asie kilaZe-konceliZe, mcx. sofel

zemoxevSi, 78 wlis, Cav. 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

84. `Taze xarebis Sejibris Sesaxeb”, mTqmeli f. WaRaliZe, dab. sofel

inkivreTSi da mcx. sof. varjenaulSi, piradi arqivi. 2010 w.

85. `naRvarevis tba”, mTqmeli memed nagervaZe- gaugoni dedisagan, Caiwera

Tamar nagervaZe 2006 w.

86. `naRvarevis tba”, mTqmeli eTer qarcivaZe, dabadebuli sof naRvarevSi

da mcxovrebi benzeSi, 55 w. gaugonia dedisgan, Caviwere 2001 w. piradi

arqivi.

87. `jazgoli (jazis tba), mTqmeli gulnaz vanaZe, dabadebuli

Coxatauris raionis sofel zotSi, mcx. daba xelvaCaurSi, 55 w. Caviwere


88. `baiz–golis tba~ // `TeTri tba”, mTqmeli fatyume gabaiZe. mcx da

dabad. sofel skvanaSi. 71 wlis. Caviwere 2004 wels.

89. `wminda xaris istoria”, bskif, saqme #199.

90. `rkinis jvaris _ istoria”, mTqmeli v. makaraZe. Camweri o. futkaraZe

(ww w. litklub. ge. biblioteka- publicistika. 0. futkaradze. maretis xeobi s narkvevi.

http://www.litklub.ge.-biblioteka-publicistika.0.futkaradze.maretis/

205

91. `jvari WoWo //WoWi jvris-istoria”, mTqmeli v. vaSaymaZe, dabadebuli

Suaxevis raioni sofeli Subani (welaTi), mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, 70

wlis, Caviwere 2012 w. piradi arqivi.

92. `feiRambris wylis istoria”, mTqmeli ebraliZe ioseb, dab. da mcx.

sof. SubanSi, 78 w. Caiwera da masala mogvawoda naTia ebraliZem, piradi

arqivi, 2005.

93. `naoSvaris istoria”, d. ananiZe, gazeTi `kolmeurne”, qeda 24. 5. 1977 w.

94. `naomvars”//,,naomvals”, n. noRaideli, ,,Tqmulebebi qristianobisaTvis

TavdadebulTa Sesaxeb aWaraSi”, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wminda tbel

abuserisZis saxelobis universitetis, sxalTis eparqia, saerTaSoriso

samecniero konferencia `didaWaroba” 2010 w.

95. `TeTrosanis eklesia”, mTqmeli bauJaZe dariko, 43 w. Mmcx. sof dagva

(xucubanSi) Caviwere 2007 w.

96. `sxalTis eklesia”, z. WiWinaZe, sxaltis taZari, iveria“N172, 1895.

97. `sxalTis eklesiis istoria”, bskifa #23, gv. 46. mTq. jumuSaZe niaz

rezayis Ze, 30 w. Subani, Camw, zosiZe.

98. `papoSvilebis istoria”, mTqmeli l. futkaraZe, dabadebuli sofel

cecxlaurSi da mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, Caviwere 2004 wels.

99. `sxalTis taZari”, mTqmeli mixeil SainiZe. dabadebuli da mcxovrebi

xulos raionis sofel sxalTaSi. 65 wlis. Caiwera SainiZe xaTuna

mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi 2007 wels. Ppiradi arqivi.

100. `sxalTis taZari”, T. saxokia, mogzaurobani, gam. `sabWoTa aWara“,

baTumi, 1985, gv. 301-302.

101. `laSaris jvaris muxa”, MmTxrobeli ilo mindikauri, Cam w. Nnodar

zviadauri, xaxabo, 1983, Tsufa 26022

99. `sxalTis taZari”, mTqmeli mixeil SainiZe. dabadebuli da mcxovrebi

xulos raionis sofel sxalTaSi. 65 wlis. Caiwera SainiZe xaTuna

mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi 2007 wels. Ppiradi arqivi.

103. `wmindi seris istoria”, mTqmelebi Nn. gogitiZe 59 w. Aa. abaSiZe, 54 w.

r. abaSiZe 80 w. dab da mcx. sofel qiZiniZeebSi. Ppiradi arqivi.

104. `sajvarebo”, mTqmeli r. abaSiZe 80 w. dab. da mcx. sof. qiZiniZeebSi.

2010. piradi arqivi.

206

105. `sajvarebo”, mTqmeli varden niJaraZe. 50. w. dab. da mcx. Ddaba

xelvaCaurSi. Caviwere 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

106. `sajvarebo”, CiCega 100 w. dab. da mcx. sof. qiZiniZeebSi. Caiw. r.

mukutaZem 2002. w. piradi arqivi).

107. `Tvarangelos istoria”, mTqmeli SoTa miqelaZe, dabadebuli da

mcxovrebi sofel neniaSi 70 w. Caviwere 2004 w.

108. `qaSveTi~ mTqmeli a. abaSiZe, dab da mcx. sof qiZiniZeebSi 2010 w.

piradi arqivi).

109. `nefe wyali”, bski #3 gv 51, (a. axvediani 1970: 45).

110. `Tamar dedofalma yales (cixis) mSenebloba”, bski #1, gv 85, mTqmeli

d. takiZe (a. axvediani 1970: 46).

111. `oSanaxevi”, mTqmeli q. abaSiZe, 48 w. dabadebuli da mcxovrebi, sofel

vernebSi, Caviwere 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

112. `namonastrevis Sesaxeb”, mTqmeli rejeb ismailis Ze mekeiZe,

dabadebuli da mcx. sofel didaWaraSi, Caiwera Tamriko beriZem, 2001 w.

piradi arqivi.

113. `nadarbazevsa da naqalaqars Zvelad didi fasi hqonda”, mTqmeli m.

xozrevaniZe, dab sof. didaWaraSi, mcx. xelvaCaurSi, 55 w. Caviwere 2005 w.

piradi arqivi.

114. `xanumis gza // dedoflis gza”, mTqmeli rejeb ismailis Ze mekeiZe,

dab. da mcx. sofel didaWaraSi, Caiwera Tamriko beriZem, 2001 w. piradi

arqivi.

115. `nanefvari” // ,,nefikalo”, mTqmeli o. abulaZe, dab da mcx. sof.

uCxoSi. 75 w. ZirkvaZe T. dab. da mcx. sof. uCxoSi. 49 w. Cav. 2011 w. piradi

arqivi.

116. `nanefvari”, mTqmeli cincaZe eTer, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi qedis

raionis sofel cxmorisSi. 68 w. piradi arqivi.

117. `nanefvari kalo”, mTqmeli rezo nakaSiZe, 38 w. Ddab. sof. cxmorisSi

da mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, Caiwera zamira nakaSiZe 2005 w. piradi

arqivi.

118. `nanefvari kalo”, S. abaSiZe, ali nakaSiZe, mSobliuri saxelebi,

gamomcemloba `alioni”, baTumi. 2012.

207

119. `Tamaris sarke”, mTqmeli. m. SavaZe, dab. da mcx. sof. uCxoSi. piradi

arqivi.

120. `Svildiseri” // `oxordi-kodali”, mTqmeli ismail suleimanis-Ze

beJaniZe, 110 w. sofel uCambis mkvidri, S, z. rusiZe, narkvevi mariTis

xeobis istoriuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb, Qq. baTumi, 1950.

121. `kviriauli”, mTqm. m. fevaZe, dab. 1961 w. sof. uCambaSi. Mmcx. sof.

neniaSi. 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

122. `momwvari”, mTqmeli Salva gogitiZe, dab. sof qiZiniZeebSi, mcxovrebi

q. baTumSi 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

123. `Tamaris borcvi”, mTqmeli ramaz surmaniZe, 79 wlis dab. Suaxevis

raionis sof. WalaSi. Mmcx. qalaq baTumSi. 12. 08. 2012. piradi arqivi.

124. `Tamaris cixis-ambavi”, mTqmeli a. beriZe, 70 wlis, dabad. Dda mcx.

sofel samebaSi. 2012 w. piradi arqivi.

125. `kavianis cixe”, a. ananiZe, ,,aWariswylis xeobaSi”. gazeTi `kolmeurne”,

1972 wlis 25 ivlisi.

126. `kavianis cixe da Tamar mefe”, mTqmeli x. qaTamaZe, 75 w. Suaxevis

raionis sofel xiWauris mkvidri. Caiwera 2005w S. qaTamaZem. Ppiradi

arqivi.

127. `kavianis cixe da Tamar mefis naqoSari”, mTqmeli f. qaTamaZe, 71 w.

Suaxevis raionis sofel xiWauris mkvidri, Caiwera 2005 w. S. qaTamaZem.

piradi arqivi.

128. `kavianis cixe da Tamar mefe”, mTqmeli n. qaTamaZe, 82 w. Suaxevis

raionis sofel xiWauris mkvidri. Caiwera 2005 w. S. qaTamaZem. piradi

arqivi.

129. `jan qalaqi~ anu `wminda qalaqi~, S. rusiZe, ,,narkvevi mareTis

xeobis istoriuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb”, q. baTumi, 1950, #115.

130. `kuti-jvari”-s istoria”, (saxokia 1985).

131. `kuti _ jvari-s” istoria”, mTqmelebi: n. cecxlaZe, dab. 1942 w. sof.

darCiZeebSi da mcx. q. baTumSi. S. cecxlaZe dab. 1940 w. sof SubanSi da

mcx. Qq. baTumSi, Cav. 2012 w. piradi arqivi.

132. `sofeli gulebi”, (rusiZe 1952: 23).

208

133. `qilisa // gulebis cixe”, mTqmeli besile beriZe, dabadebuli da

mcxovrebi sofel zesofelSi, 65 w. Caviwere 2003 w.

134. `gulebis ambavi”, mTqmeli r. diasamiZe, dab. da mcx. sof gulebSi. 55w.


135. `gulebis istoria”, mTqmeli guliko gogitiZe, mcx. xulos raionis

sof. boZavrSi, dab. qedaSi Caiw. 2006 w. SavaZe esma, Mmomawoda Camwerma.

piradi arqivi.

136. `wiTeli xidis istoria”, mTqmeli xelvaCauris raionis sofel zemo

CxutuneTis mkvidri qazim kaxiZes, 75 w. piradi arqivi. Cav. 2005 w.

137. `wiTeli xidis istoria”, mTqmeli lado kaxaberiZe, dabadebuli

sofel kirnaTSi, kobalTa. 69 wlis. Caviwere 2011 wlis noemberSi, piradi

arqivi.

138. `gvaras mosaxleobis erTi istoriuli ambavi”, z. WiWinaZe, ,,qarTvelTa

gamuslimaneba”.

139. `sofeli akeTa wm. mowame konstantine”, S. rusiZe, ,,narkvevi

aWariswylis xeobis. ozurgeTis istoriuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb”. #135.

140. `kakaSvilebis qedi”, (maxaraZe 2010: 129-130).

141. `gvanca da lelas kldekaris istoria”, mTqmeli e. cincaZe. piradi

arqivi, 20011 w.

142. `lelasa da gvancas gora”, S. futkaraZe, `qristianobis brZolis

istoriidan samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, wm. Teodore aWareli”,

gazeTi `aWara”, #253, 2002. weli 31 dekember. gv. 4.

143. ,,TavsakveTebi aWaraSi”, S. futkaraZe, ,,qristianobis brZolis

istoriidan samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, wm. Teodore aWareli”,

gazeTi ,,aWara”, #253, 2002.

144. `Tamaris xidi dandaloSi da masTan Cadenili ambebi”, mTqmeli a.

abulaZe, dab da mcx. sofeli uCxoSi, 2011 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

145. `Tamaris cixe // yaleiboinis cixis”-istoria”, (a) - miqelaZe: 2010-362.

145. `Tamaris cixe // yaleiboinis cixe”, (b) mTqmeli v. qarcivaZe, Ddabad.

Suaxevis raionis sofel zemoxevSi da mcx. q. baTumis CaisubanSi, 70 w.


146. `navaranaeuli”, mTqmeli d. takiZe. dab. sof. dandaloSi da mcx. daba

xelvaCaurSi. 2009 w. piradi arqivi.

209

147. `varaneulis istoria”, n. noRaideli, ,,Tqmulebebi qristianobisaTvis



samecniero konferencia `didaWaroba” 2010 w. 241-242)

148. `dRvanis istoria”, i. sixaruliZe, ,,samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos

toponimika”, wigni I, saxelm. Ggamomc. `baTumi”, 1958 w.

149. `dRvanis istoria”, mTqmeli r. futkaraZe, 45 w. sofel CxutuneTis

mkvidri, Cav. 2009 w. piradi arqivi.

150. `madliani sajvarebo”, mTqmeli C. abaSiZe, Caiwera da momawoda r.

mukutaZe, dab. s. jabniZeebSi da mcx. sof qiZiniZeebSi 2003 w. piradi

arqivi.

151. tragedia _ `namonastrevi~ // `amaRleba~, mTq. a. gorgilaZe, dab. 1950 w.

da mcx. sof. WerSi. 2012 w. piradi arqivi.

152. `Zveleburi dasjis meTodi”, nbifa, saqme #137, gv. 35. (Camw j. jayels

1972 wels, mTqmeli zabiT gorgilaZe).

153. `sikvdilis dasjis uZvelesi wesi aWaris maRalmTianeTSi”, mTqmeli

xulos raionis s. xixaZiris mcxovrebni, 75 wlis baTan suleimanis Ze

iSxneliZe da taStan eubisZe gabaiZe, sofel vernebSi mcxovrebi Saban

Saqiris Ze abaSiZe, Caiwera, j. jayelma, gamoqveynebulia. j. jayeli

`folkloruli tradicia al. yazbegis SemoqmedebaSi”, samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTvelos zepirsityviereba, t. II gamomc. `mecniereba”., 1975.

154. `dedabris safrinava”, mTqmeli m. dumbaZe, sofel kvatiis mkvidri,

piradi arqivi, 2005 w.

155. `dedabris safrinava”, mTqmeli xozrevaniZe, dabad. Dda mcx. sofel

kvatiaSi, 74 w. piradi arqivi, 2005 w.

156. `dedabris safrinava”, mTqmelebi s. miqelaZe, o. SainiZe, Caiwera d.

SavianiZe, 2009 wlis eTnografiuli eqspedicia didaWaraSi”, saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos wminda tbel abuserisZis saxelobis universitetis,

sxalTis eparqia, saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia `tbeloba” 2009 w.

157. `qufTa Rele”, mTqmeli Qq. kekeliZe, dabad. Dda mcx. sofel

nigazeulSi, 79 w. masala momawoda n. ximSiaSvilma 2008 w. piradi arqivi.

210

158. Tqmuleba `cxramuxliReles" _ Sesaxeb, mTqmeli n kakalaZe, Suaxevis

raionis sofel nigazeulis mkvidri, 70w, Caiwera 2007 w. n. ximSiaSvili.

momawoda Camwerma. piradi arqivi.

159. `cxramuxliReli"-s istoria”, mTqmeli x. kakalaZe, Suaxevis raionis

sofel nigazeulis mkvidri, 55 w. Caviwere 2007 w. piradi arqivi.

160. `manCxauris"-istoria”, mTq. n kakalaZe, Suaxevis raionis sofel

nigazeulis mkvidri, 70 w, Caiwera 2007 w. n. ximSiaSvili, momawoda

Camwerma, piradi arqivi.

161. `mariamxevis ambavi”, mTqmeli n kakalaZe, Suaxevis raionis sofel

nigazeulis mkvidri, 70w, Caiwera 2007 w. n. ximSiaSvili. momawoda Camwerma,

piradi arqivi.

162. `mariamxevi istoria”, mTqmeli q. ximSiaSvili, Suaxevis raionis

sofel nigazeulis mkvidri, 70w, Caiwera q. ximSiaSvilma 2010 w. momawoda

Camwerma, piradi arqivi.

163. `sofel gobroneTis Sesaxeb”, Camweri asmaT bajeliZe, romelsac

Caawerina 1966 wels sofel uCxiTSi mcxovrebma 85 wlis fadime kaxiZem,

(S. abaSiZe, ali nakaSiZe, wignidan ,,mSobliuri saxelebi”, gamomcemloba

`alioni”, baTumi. 2012).

164. `xuciqedi”, mTqmeli mixeil SainiZe, dabadadebuli da mcxovrebi

sofel sxalTaSi, Caiwera xaTuna SainiZem 2000 w. piradi arqivi.

165. `naqilisvari”, mTqmeli Tenzile qarcivaZe, dabadebuli 1932 w. sofel

WalaSi da mcxovrebi sofel zemoxevSi. Caviwere 2004 w.

166. `maxinjauri”, axvlediani vaxtang, `maxinjauri _ Cemi mSobliuri

sofeli”, gaz. ,,aWara”, 27 ivlisi, 1991.

167. `maxinjauri”, mTqmeli badri maxaraZe, 55 w. Caiwera malvina maxaraZem

2004 w, piradi arqivi.

168. `maxinjauri”, mTqmeli g. maxaraZe, dab. sof. inwkivreTSi, 38 w. 2005 w.

piradi arqivi.

169. `natifara”, mTqmeli qaTamaZe eTer, dabadebuli sofel CaqvSi,

izrdeboda bebiasTan sofel xinoSi, mcxovrebi CaqvSi 55 w. Caviwere 2010

w, piradi arqivi.

170. `seri yana”, mTqmeli cecxlaZe tariel, dab. da mcxovrebi sofel

skvanaSi, 65 w. Cav. 2005w. piradi arqivi. //e. maxaraZe. ,,Cveni saxelovani

211

mamuliSvilebi”, gazeTi `koleqtiuri Sroma”, #122. 1979 wlis 13

oqtomberi. G

171. `selim faSas ambavi”, z. WiWinaZe, ,,istoria osmaleTis yofili

saqarTvelosi”, baTumi. 1912w. M

172. `selim faSas ambavi”, mTqmeli q. ximSiaSvili, n. kekeliZe, piradi

arqivi, 2011 w.

173. `selim faSas ambavi”, mTqmeli n. miqelaZe, 80 wlis, Caviwere 1993 w.

piradi arqivi.

174. `selim faSas ambavi”, mTqmeli q. ximSiaSvili, n. kekeliZe. piradi

arqivi, 2011 w.

175. `selim-faSam ori fuli aCuqao”. z. WiWinaZe, muslimani qarTveloba da

maTi soflebi saqarTveloSi. Tfilisi.

176. `selim faSas ambavi”, Suaxevis raionis sofel WalaSi mcxovreb

ismail WaRaliZisgan (buqoRli buqaliSvilebi) 1962 Cauweria: r.

surmaniZes, Jurnali, `literaturuli aWara” #2, 2003.

177. `selimis kaikacobis erTi ambavi”, mTqmeli n. kekeliZe, sofel

nigazeulis mkvidri, 68 w. piradi arqivi, Caviwere 2005 w.

178. `muhajirebi da Tamari”, mTqmeli: xasan Cibuqi (gogitiZe)da merjan

naarini futkaraZe (futkaraZe 1993: 55).

179. `Tamar dodofali”, mTq. Mmuqqerem Cibuki (gogitiZe) – futkaraZe 1993:

49).

180. `Tamar dodofali”, mTqmeli mustafa ienidunia (devSiriani-beriZe),

45 wlis. futkaraZe 1993: 176.

181. `Tamar dodofali RmerTisa moyuaruli yofila”, (futkaraZe 1993: 17).

212

leqsikoni

a

abdes Rebuloben muslimanuri locvis win ritualurad xel-fexisa da

Tav-piris dabana; (niJaraZe 1957: 131).

avji (Turq; aWar. d) _ monadire.

amdeneTi amdeni // garkveuli raodenobis dasaxeleba (n. m).

anai zemo aWaruli deda; (niJaraZe 1971: 89).

auji mousvenari, qveynis maqcevari adamiani (n. m).

axali mTvarea (fraz) Zv. Ggadmoc. sulierad davadebul adamianebis

gamocxadebis periodi. axali mTvaris dadgomisas aseTi adamianebi avad

xdebian (n. Mm).

axiSeri qveynis daqceva, cudi amindi (n. m).

b

badadi Cvari, WinWi, dastamali, bandi; (niJaraZe 1971: 100).

barsami bevri, mravali; (niJaraZe 1971: 102).

baiz-goli TeTri feris // gamWirvale tba (n. m).

baRvebi (z. a) bavSvi, balRi (niJaraZe 1971: 103).

bereqeTi (arab), baraqa, dovlaTi, siuxve, xvavrieloba (niJaraZe 1971: 106).

g

gamCeni ufali samyaros, yovelive xilulisa da uxilavis Semqmneli (n. m).

gedeiara gadaiara klde (n. m).

gerCeq marTlac, namdvilad (niJaraZe 1957: 139).

giauri (spars. ) muslimTa salanZRavi sityva: urjulo, aramuslimani,

qristiani (niJaraZe 1971: 146).

guduuvlia gadauvlia gomanis kldeze zemodan (n. m).

gulSi geirunia (frazeol. ) gaifiqra (n. m).

guuqvavebia (aq) gulisxmobs mtrebs, romlebi feiRambers // mociquls

laxtis saSualebiT rom daumarcxebia da qvebad gadauqcevia (n. m).

d

dedei (zemo aWar) babua (n. m).

213

dua (arab) Zv, mus. Llocva, vedreba, RvTismsaxureba, RvTismosaoba.

`duaze” gamodiT, ese igi vexvewoT wvimis moyvanisTviso (niJaraZe 1971: 184).

e

ebbedi (imerx) mudam, yovelTvis, maradJams (niJaraZe 1957: 143).

evliebis saflavia (arab) mus. Didad RvTismosavi, _ wmindani;

`fuxara evlia aris, belqi iyo suliwminda” (niJaraZe 1971: 187).

emris queS (aWar) viRacis Zalauflebis qveS yofna (n. m).

eiwkapeboden (aWar) koxtad gamowyobili wavidodnen (n. m).

v

valalebs yviris, gaiZaxis ar Cerdeba (n. m).

z

zaTi (arab), winaT, uwin, warsulSi (niJaraZe 1971: 196).

zenjiri (spars.) jaWvi (niJaraZe 1971: 198).

ziareTi (arab) Zv. eTn. Wminda adgili, sadac morwmuneni midiodnen da

dReobas ixdidnen, loculobdnen sxvadasxva seniT Sepyrobilni da

uSviloebi, RmerTs evedrebodnen gankurnebas, Svilebis gaCenas (niJaraZe

1971: 199).

ziTvali mzis Tvali, mze, mzis guli (niJaraZe 1971: 199).

zovli Zalian (n. m)

T

Taze maRali mTa moiazreba, sadac garkveul ritualebs asrulebdnen (n.

m)

Tla mTlad, mTlianad (n. m).

i

ieTimi (Turq), oboli (n. m).

illa aucileblad (n. m).

imi gulobai imis gulisTvis (n. m).

214

k

kalaiji rkinis xelosani, rkinisa da aluinis Wur wlis momkalveli (n.

m).

kilde igive rac klde (n. m).

ktrebsac muaros (kuTx. ) mkvdars mixedos, yuradReba miaqcios (n. m).

kuti sapyari, davrdomili adamiani, visac gadaadgileba ar SeuZlia (n. m)

m

madlina eqna madlisa da sikeTis qmna, keTeba (n. m).

megom evlia (aq) mTqmeli gulisxmobs gulTmisans, mimxvedrs – (n. m). 2.

Turme wmindani yofila... (niJaraZe 1971: 187).

mileTi(Turq) moiazreba bevric, xalxic (n. m).

mubareeq (arab). Mus. Ddalocvili, kurTxeuli, wmindani (niJaraZe 1971: 275).

mufTi (arab) mus. maRali Tanamdebobis sasuliero piri Turqebis

batonobisas revoluciamdel aSaraSi. mufTi sanjaySi yadisTan erTad

wyvetda SariaTisa da wminda iuridiul sakiTxebs. (niJaraZe 1971: 277).

n

naqilisvari (Turq) adgili, sadac adre eklesia mdgara.

nuka-saydar `nuka-saydar” anu `nuqi-saxli” nuqi-oqros niSnavs, `saxla”

igivea rac `damale” `Seinaxe” (m. CoxaraZe).

o

oxordi-kodali igie isari (rusiZe 1950: 35).

p

pawai // paw-pawai cota-cota (niJaraZe 1971: 297).

r

rzis sasmel rZe (n. m).

rum rom kavSiri (n. m).

s

215

sebi (aWar) ucodveli bavSvzec ityvian da Cvil bavSvzec (n. m).

T

talavarji CamosaxCobeli boZi, sadac dasasjel adamianebs hkidebdnen

(mTq. a. abulaZe) (n. m).

u

umeTma deinaxoso Cemma morwmuneebma dainaxos Cemi gakeTebuli saqme.,

irwmunos rom me dedamiwaze Camovedio (mTqmelis analizi x. melaZe).

ustiebi moxele, mSenebeli (n. m).

f

feiRamberi (spars) mus. Winaswarmetyveli, alahis mociquli (niJaraZe 1971:

343).

q

qemerqofri _ TaRiani xidi Tamar dedoflis gakeTebuli qemerqofrebi

bevria aWaras, axisxas, SavSeT” (in): `esa qemerqofria, SerTulis xidi”

(futkaraZe 1993: 600)..

qilisa (Turq) eklesia (n. m).

qufTa Rele `qufTa-qufTad” (nawil-nawil) uqceviaT (n. Mm).

R

RarWi (agdebiT) balRi, Rlapi (niJaraZe 1971: 362).

y

yaleiboinis cixeze `yaleiboini”-Turquli sityvaa da qarTulad sityva-

sityviT niSnavs: yale _ cixes da boini _ qeds (adamianis kisers).

yaragoili (Turq) yara _ Savi; goili _ tbas. e. i. Savi tba (n. m).

yaradere (Turq) yara _ Savi; dere _ mxare, kuTxe. Ee. i. Savi mxare (mTq. r.

abaSiZe).

216

yevari xvlikisnairi mozrdili cxoveli, romelic am tbaSi binadrobsN

(n. m).

yiblisken viyveniT (arab) muslimnuri samyaros wminda adgilis _ qaabas

mxare, saiTkenac cerdebian morwmuneni locvis dros, _ samxreTi

(niJaraZe 1971: 89).

yiliji (T. kiliji) xmali, xanjali (niJaraZe 1971: 372).

S

Sveli mubareqi cxovelia Sveli uflis cxovelia (n. m).

Sibi jaWvi (kiknaZe 2009: 362).

C

CanCurai cudad, mouwesrigeblad Cacmuli kaci (n. m).

c

cxramuxl locvas weikiTxven (aq) idulisxmeba muslimnuri locvis

Tavebi.

cxra muxli (aq) manZilis sazomi erTeulia (n. m).

W

WoWi jvari WoWi muuciaT (fraz) e. i. SeuSinebiaT (mTq. v. vaSaymaZe - n. m).

x

xanumis gza (T. xanum) Zv. qalbatoni, mandilosani, banovani, gaTxovili

qali, krZaluli mimarTvis dros, Cveulebriv erTvis qalTa sakuTar

saxelebs (niJaraZe 1971: 429).

j

jan qalaqi (jan-Turq) anu `wminda qalaqi~ (rusiZe 1950: 9-12).

jazgoli (spars). mkiTxavi, misani, grZneuli, kudiani, goli (Turq)tba

(niJaraZe 1971: 441).

217

h

helbeT (arab). SesaZloa, rogorc Cans, cxadia, ueWvelia (niJaraZe 1971:

449).

huri melaiqivi (arab) musl. samoTxis qali, umSvenieresi, angelozi,

wminda feria (niJaraZe 1971: 451).

218

gamoyenebuli literatura

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(cxmorisis Temis warsuli da awmyo), gamomcemloba ,,alioni”, baTumi.,

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2. abuserisZe 1998: abuserisZe tbeli, `Txzulebani”, gamosacemad moamzades

m. qavTariam, r. Cagunavam da n. goguaZem. baT., 1998.

3. avernicevi 1991: Аверинцев Сeргеи, Георги победоносец // Мифы народов мира, Москва

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5. ananiZe 1977: ananiZe daviT `wm. giorgis Sesaxeb” gazeTi `kolmeurne”

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6. arsen beri 1971: arsen beri, ,,ninos cxovreba//Zveli qarTuli

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8. axvlediani 1948: axvlediani xariton, `xixaZiris anu sxalTis xeobis

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9. axvlediani 1956: axvlediani xariton, `saxalxo gamanTavisuflebeli

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126. sixaruliZe 1961: sixaruliZe qsenia `qarTuli xalxuri saistorio

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127. sixaruliZe 1968: sixaruliZe qsenia, saistorio sityviereba –qarTuli

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1. aqtebi 1868: Акты, собранные Кавказскою Археографическою коммиссиею.—Тифлис:

Типография Главного Управления Наместника Кавказского, т. 2.





4. arqivi, #757, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis k.kekeliZis sax.

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5. aWaris sax. muzeumis xelnawerTa fondi.

6. bskifa (nbifa) - baTumis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis folkloruli

arqivi.

7. Tsufa – Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis folkloruli arqivi.

8. A – xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, yofili wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli

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234

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piradi arqivi.

3. abaSiZe 2005: abaSiZe qamil, dab. da mcx. sof vernebi, 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

4. abaSiZe 2003: abaSiZe biWiko, dab. da mcx. sof vernebi, 2003 w. piradi

arqivi.

5. abaSiZe 2004: ruslan abaSiZe, dabadebuli sofel vernebSi, mcxovrebi daba

xelveCaurSi, 67 w. Caviwere xelvaCauris ra-Si 2004 w. piradi arqivi.

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arqivi.

7. abaSiZe 2010: abaSiZe zia, dab. da mcx. sof qiZiniZeebSi 2010 w. 56 w. piradi

arqivi.

8. abaSiZe 2003: abaSiZe CiCega, Caiwera da momawoda roza mukutaZe, dab. s.

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Jayelma 1972 w.

10. avaliani 2011: avaliani surie, dab. da mcx. sofel dandaloSi, 77 w.


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2007 w.

12. beriZe 2005: beriZe dodo, dabadebuli sofel zesofelSi da mcxovrebi

daba xelvaCaurSi, 2005 w. 55 w. piradi arqivi.

13. beriZe 2012: beriZe xemid SaqirisZe brili, 78 w. Cav. 2005, piradi arqivi.

14. beriZe 2012: beriZe asie, 70 wlis, dab. Dda mcx. sofel samebaSi, Cav. 2012 w.

piradi arqivi.

15. beJaniZe 1950: beJaniZe ismail suleimanis-Ze, 110 w. sofel uCambis mkvidri,

S, z. rusiZe, ,,narkvevi mariTis xeobis istoriuli Zeglebis Sesaxeb”, Qq.

baTumi, 1950 w.

235

16. gabaiZe 2009: gabaiZe nodar 44 w. dab. sofel skvanaSi da mcxovrebi daba

xelvaCaurSi. gaugonia dedisgan, Caiwera nika gabaiZem 2009 w. piradi

arqivi.

17. gabaiZe 2004: fatyume gabaiZe, dab. da Mmcx. sofel skvanaSi, 71 wlis, Caiwera

g. cecxlaZem, 2004 weli.

18. gogotiZe 2010: gogitiZe nanuli, dab. da mcx. sof qiZiniZeebSi, 57 w.

piradi arqivi.

19. gogitiZe 2006: gogitiZe guliko, mcx. xulos raionis sof. boZaurSi, dab.

qedaSi Caw. 2006. SavaZe esma. Mmomawoda Camwerma. piradi arqivi..

20. gorgilaZe 2012: gorgilaZe alioSa, dab. 1950w. Ddab. da mcx. sof. WerSi, 55

w. piradi arqivi.

21. daviTaZe 2006: gulisa daviTaZe, dabadebuli sofel faCxaSi, mcxovrebi

moskovSi, 41 w. gaugonia babuasgan. Caviwere moskovSi 2006 w. piradi

arqivi.

22. daviTaZe 2006: medea daviTaZe, dabadebuli sofel faCxaSi, mcxovrebi

baTumSi, 38 w. gaugonia babuasgan. Caviwere 2006 w. piradi arqivi.

23. diasamiZe 2006: diasamiZe roman, dab. da mcx. sof gulebSi. Caw. 2006 w.

piradi arqivi.

24. dumbaZe 2005: mexdial dumbaZe, sofel kvatiis mkvidri, 75 w. piradi

arqivi, 2005 w.

25. ebraliZe 2005: ebraliZe ioseb, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sof. SubanSi, 78

w. Caiwera da masala mogvawoda naTia ebraliZem, piradi arqivi.

26. vanaZe 2002: vanaZe gulnaz, Ddab. sofel zotSi da mcxovrebi. daba

xelvaCaurSi, 60 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

27. vaSaymaZe 2012: vaSaymaZe vladimer, dabadebuli sofel SubanSi (welaTi),

mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, 75 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

28. zoiZe 2005: zoiZe JuJuna, dabadebuli sofel CanCxaloSi da mcxovrebi

sofel neniaSi, 54 w. piradi arqivi.

29. ienidunia 1993: ienidunia mustafa (devSiriani-beriZe), masala

gamoyenebulia SuSana futkaraZis wignidan _ `Cveneburebis qarTuli”,

aWaris Wurnal-gazeTebis gamomcemloba, baTumi.

30. iSxneliZe 2005: iSxneliZe daTo, dab. da mcx. sofel skvanaSi, 34 w. 2005.

piradi arqivi.

236

31. kaxaberiZe 2011: kaxaberiZe lado, dabadebuli sofel kirnaTSi, kobalTa.

69 wlis. Caviwere 2011 w. piradi arqivi.

32. kaxiZes 2005: kaxiZe qazim, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel CxutuneTSi, 65

w. Ppiradi arqivi.

33. kilaZe 2005: asie konceliZe, mcx. sofel zemoxevSi, 78 wlis, Caw. 2005 w.

piradi arqivi.

34. kakalaZe 2008: kakalaZe alioSa, dabadebuliDda mcxovrebi sofel

nigazeulSi, 68 w. masala momawoda n. ximSiaSvilma 2008 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

35. kekeliZe 2008: kekeliZe naTela, dabadebuli Dda mcxovrebi sofel

nigazeulSi, 79 w. masala momawoda n. ximSiaSvilma 2008 w. piradi arqivi.

36. mamulaZe 2005: mamulaZe emine, Ddab. da mcx. sofel neniaSi. Ppiradi arqivi,

2005 w.

37. mamulaZe 2005: mamulaZe nunu, Ddab. da mcx. sofel neniaSi. 82 w.Ppiradi

arqivi, 2005w.

38. mekeiZe 2001: mTqmeli rejeb ismailis Ze mekeiZe, dabadebuli da mcx.

sofel didaWaraSi, Caiwera Tamriko beriZem, 2001 w. piradi arqivi.

39. melaZe 2003: melaZe irina, 32 w. Ddabadebuli xulos raionis, sofel

almeSi da mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, Cav. 2005w.Ppiradi arqivi.

40. maxaraZe 2005: maxaraZe guram, dab. sof. inwkivreTSi, mcx. baTumSi. 38 w.


41. miqelaZe 1995: miqelaZe nulfeT. Ddab. da mcx. sofel neniaSi. 80 w. Cav.

1995w. Ppiradi arqivi.

42. miqelaZe1991: miqelaZe aslan, Ddabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel neniaSi.

87 w. Ppiradi arqivi, 1991 w.

43. miqelaZe 2005: miqelaZe SoTa, Ddabadebuli da mcxovrebi, sofel neniaSi.

65 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

44. miqelaZe... 2009: s. miqelaZe, o. SainiZe, Caiwera d. SavianiZe, 2009 wlis

eTnografiuli eqspedicia didaWaraSi”, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wminda


saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia `tbeloba” 2009 w. gv. 166.

45. miqelaZe 2000: miqelaZe ioseb, Ddabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel neniaSi.

67 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

237

46. miqelaZe 2010: miqelaZe naTela, Ddabadebuli sofel neniaSi da mcx. sof.

qiZiniZeebSi, 55 w. Caviwere 2010 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

47. mukutaZe 2002: mukutaZe roza, `sajvarebo”, CiCega 100 w. dab. da mcx. sof.

qiZiniZeebSi. Caiw. r. mukutaZem 2002. w. piradi arqivi.

48. nagervaZe 2006: memed nagervaZe-gaugoni dedisagan. Caiwera Tamar nagervaZe

2006 w. dabadebuliDda mcxovrebi sofel sofel CxutuneTSi, masala

mogvawoda Camwerma. piradi arqivi.

49. nakaSiZe 2005: rezo nakaSiZe, 38 w. dab. Sof. cxmorisSi da mcxovrebi daba

xelvaCaurSi. Caiwera zamira nakaSiZe 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

50. niJaraZe 2001: niJaraZe varden, dabadebuli sof. qiZiniZeebSi da mcxovrebi

daba xelvaCaurSi, 57 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

51. ozbegi 1993: ozbegi Mmehmed (TavdgiriZe), masala gamoyenebulia SuSana

futkaraZis wignidan _ `Cveneburebis qarTuli”, aWaris Wurnal-gazeTebis

gamomcemloba, baTumi.

52. sezeri 1993: sultan sezeri (takiZe), masala gamoyenebulia SuSana



53. iavuzebi 1993: iavuzebi sultan da sabri (futkaraZeebi), masala

gamoyenebulia SuSana futkaraZis wignidan _ `Cveneburebis qarTuli”,

aWaris Wurnal-gazeTebis gamomcemloba, baTumi.

54. takiZe 2009: takiZe dariko, dab. sof. dandaloSi da mcx. daba

xelvaCaurSi. 2009 w. 43 w. piradi arqivi.

55. fevaZe 2005: fevaZe mziuri, dabadebuli Suaxevis raionis sofel uCambaSi

da mcxovrebi sofel neniaSi, 47 w. piradi arqivi.

56. futkaraZe 2004: futkaraZe luba, dabadebuli sofel cecxlaurSi da

mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, 65 w. PCav. 2005 w. piradi arqivi.

57. futkaraZe 2009: futkaraZe roman, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel

CxutuneTSi, 37 w. 2009 w. piradi arqivi.

58. qarcivaZe 2001: eTer qarcivaZe, dabadebuli sof naRvarevSi da mcxovrebi

benzeSi 55 w. gaugonia dedisgan, Caviwere 2001 w. piradi arqivi.

59. qaTamaZe 2004: qaTamaZe f, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel xiWaurSi,

Caiwera da momawoda 2005 w. Sorena qaTamaZem, piradi arqivi.

238

60. qaTamaZe 2004: qaTamaZe xenife, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofel xiWaurSi.

Caiwera da momawoda 2005 w. Sorena qaTamaZem, piradi arqivi.

61. qamaSiZe 2005: qamaSiZe j. dabad. xixaZiris raionis sofel TxilvanaSi. 79

wlis. Caviwere 2005 w.

62. qarcivaZe 2004: qarcivaZe Tenzile, dabadebuli sof WalaSi da mcxovrebi

sofel zemoxevSi. 72 w. PCav. 2001. piradi arqivi.

63. SavaZe axmed 2011:. SavaZe axmed, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofeli uCxoSi,

dabadebuli 70 w. 2011. Ppiradi arqivi.

64. SavaZe xemid 2011:. SavaZe mexmed, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi sofeli

uCxoSi, dabadebuli 70 w. 2011. Ppiradi arqivi.

65. Cibuki 1993: CibukiMmuqqerem (gogitiZe), masala gamoyenebulia SuSana



66. cecxlaZe 2005: cecxlaZe gulnara, dab. sofel skvanaSi da mcxovrebi

Suaxevis raionis sofel zemoxevSi 67 w. Caviwere gomis mTaSi 2005 w.

piradi arqivi.

67. cecxlaZe 2005: cecxlaZe tariel, dab. da mcxovrebi sofel skvanaSi, 65

w. Cav. 2005w. piradi arqivi.

68. cecxlaZe 2012: cecxlaZe SoTa, dabadebuli sof SubanSi da mcxovrebi q.

baTumSi. 65 w. piradi arqivi.

69. cecxlaZe 2012: cecxlaZe nadia, dab. sof. darCiZeebSi da mcx. q. baTumSi,


70. cincaZe 2011: cincaZe eTer, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi qedis raionis

sofel cxmorisSi, 68 w. piradi arqivi.

71. SainiZe 2007: mixeil SainiZe, dabadebuli da mcxovrebi xulos raionis

sofel sxalTaSi, 65 wlis. Caiwera da momawoda SainiZe xaTunam

mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, piradi arqivi.

72. WaRaliZe 2010: WaRaliZe fati, dabadebuli sofel inkivreTSi da

mcxovrebi sofel varjenaulSi, piradi arqivi.

73. xozrevaniZe 2005: xozrevaniZe nurife, dabadebuli Dda mcxovrebi sofel

kvatiaSi, 74 w. piradi arqivi.

74. xozrevaniZe 2005: xozrevaniZe Tamar, 37 w. Ddabadebuli da mcxovrebi sof.

kvatiaSi. piradi arqivi.

239

75. xozrevaniZe 2004: xozrevaniZe maia, dabadebuli sofel didaWaraSi Dda

mcxovrebi daba xelvaCaurSi, 54 w. piradi arqivi.

76. xorava 2005: xorava emine, dabadebuli sofel urexSi da mcxovrebi sofel

sarfSi, 67 w. Ppiradi arqivi.

77. jayeli 2008: jayeli _ melaZe xenife, 80 w. dabadebuli da mcxovrebi

sofel almeSi, Ppiradi arqivi.

78. jinWaraZe 2010: jinWaraZe, dabadebuli sofel dologanSi da mcx. daba

xelvaCaurSi 64 w. Caiw. linda WinWaraZem 2010 w. piradi arqivi.

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakulteti naile miqelaZe ... · 1911 wels manve gamosca wigni `Tamar...

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