gamomcemloba kentavri , aRmaSeneblis gamz. 40; tel: 294 …109)_2017.pdf · mxolod Sida...

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# 1 (109) 27 ianvari 2017 weli # 1 (109) 27 ianvari 2017 weli

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis TeEatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis gazeTi #1 (109) 27 ianvari 2017 weli

gamomcemloba `kentavri~, aRmaSeneblis gamz. 40; tel: 294 37 28; www. tafu.edu.ge

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gv. 11-12

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qeTa samxaraZe

mixeil kalatoziSvili

giorgi basilaia

qarTuli filmis programa

nika kiknaZe

avtori mokvda, gaumarjos momxmarebels

fsiqologiis gakveTilebi grZeldeba

salome ciramua

sivrcis aRqma mxatvarTan mimarTebaSi

nanuki makraxiZe

niko

qeTa jinWaraZe

* * *

ana sanebliZe

pianisti

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# 1 (109) 27 ianvari 2017 weli # 1 (109) 27 ianvari 2017 weli# 1 (109) 27 ianvari 2017 weli # 1 (109) 27 ianvari 2017 weli

3 gv.

studentis sveti

1920-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi axali xelovneba sul ufro mtkiced ikidebda fexs. presis furclebze bevrs kamaTobdnen dokumentursa da mxatvrul kinoze. am davaSi aqtiurad monawileobda mixeil kalatoziSvili. misTvis kino sakuTari „mes” nawili iyo. swored amitom ibrZoda aseTi TavgamodebiT kinos siwmindisTvis, mxatvruli donis amaRlebisTvis da es brZola aucilebeli iyo, radgan kino, romelmac Zalze swrafad moipova mayurebeli, mas TandaTan kargavda.

mixeil kalatoziSvilis mosvla qarTul kinematografSi moulodneli ar yofila. sanam damoukidebel nabijebs gadadgamda, bevri imuSava sxvadasxva reJisorTan, rogorc operatorma („orTqlmavali 1000b“, „giuli“), rogorc meore reJisorma, meqanikosma, rogorc msaxiobma („sami sicocxle“, „tariel mklavaZis mkvlelobis saqme“), scenaristma („boSaTa sisxli“), da rogorc _ operatoris asistentma („janyi guriaSi“). aqveynebda werilebs Jurnal „memarcxeneobaSi“, sadac aqtiurad gamoTqvamda azrs kinos Sesaxeb. 1930 weli samudamod Caiwera qarTul kinematografSi, am wels mayurebelma dokumenturi kinos Sedevri ixila.

mixeil kalatoziSvils, rogorc „memarcxeneTa dajgufebis“ aqtiur wevrs, realisturi kinoxelovnebis Seqmnis erT-erT mTavar sayrdenad miaCnda dokumenturi masala, _ arsebuli sinamdvilis asaxva. 1929 wlamde igi, ZiriTadad, qronikalur-dokumenturi filmebis avtor-operatorad muSaobda. mis mier gadaRebulia: „zahesis turbinis gaxsna“, „cxenebis fabrika“, „avRaneli xanis Camosvla TbilisSi“, „mxatis Teatris gastrolebi“.

1928 wels kalatoziSvilma, rogorc reJisorma da operatorma, gadaiRo filmi „maTi samefo“ („18-28“), romelic didi oqtombris revoluciis aTi wlisTavs mieZRvna. mixeil kalatoziSvilma da nuca RoRoberiZem gadawyvites filmSi erTmaneTisTvis daepirispirebinaT menSevikebis droindeli da sabWoTa

saqarTvelo. filmi rvanawiliani iyo , sami nawili menSevikuri mTavrobis qronikisgan Sedgeboda, 5 nawili ki kalatoziSvilma gadaiRo. „maTi samefo“ SemorCenili ar aris, amitom am nawarmoebze vrclad msjeloba ar SegviZlia. Tavad reJisorebi muSaobis procesis Sesaxeb Jurnal „memarcxneobaSi“ werdnen: „aq saWiroa aRiniSnos gaformebis xerxi, romliTac Cven suraTis montaJis dros vxelmZRvanelobdiT, es aris parodizmi. parodizmis gamoyeneba Cven SegviZlia masalaze dayrdnobiT, romelic Cvenamde iyo gadaRebuli“. TanamedroveTa mogonebebis mixedviT, filmi operatoruli xelovnebis saukeTeso nimuSs warmoadgenda. kadrebi filmidan „maTi samefo“ moskovis „novi lefis“ JurnalSi ibeWdeboda, rogorc fotografiuli xelovnebis nimuSebi.

1929 wels kinoeqspedicia mxatvruli filmis _ „usinaTlos“ gadasaRebad svaneTs gaemgzavra. imave wlis bolos gadaRebuli masala TbilisSi Camoitanes, daamontaJes (igonebda filmis reJisori mixeil kalatoziSvili), moawyves sazogadoebrivi Cveneba-ganxilva, xolo filmis ekranze gaSveba mizanSewonilad ar miiCnies. 26 wlis kalatoziSvili, romlisTvisac „usinaTlo“ pirveli mxatvruli filmi iyo, daundobeli kritikis Sedegad, formalistad gamoacxades. kritikosebma filmi Serisxes: „usinaTlo“ gamoacxades uvargis nawarmoebad da filmi „Taroze Semodes“. magram, samwuxarod „usinaTlo“ Tarosac ver SerCa, igi daikarga...

yvelafri daiwyo maSin, rodesac 26 wlis reJisori „jim SvanTes“ SeeWida. Tavadaa filmis operatoric. „SesaniSnavad gadaRebulma „jim SvanTem“ qarTveli mixeil kalatoziSvilis talanti gaxsna“, _ ambobs JorJ saduli. frangi kinokritikosi gansakuTrebiT xazs usvams mixeil kalatoziSvilisa da luis bunuelis SemoqmedebiT siaxloves da am ori reJisoris filmebSi erTmaneTis msgavs kadrebsac poulobs. igi amasTanave saubrobs maT gansxvavebulobaze.

mixeil kalatoziSvili


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jer kidev 1928 wels mixeil kalatoziSvili Jurnal „memarcxeneobaSi“ werda: „kinematografia teqnikis xelovnebaa, swored aq SeiZleba racionalizacia ganxorcielebuli iqnes mTeli 100%-iT. ara marto gadaRebisa da laboratoriuli sinamdvilis mxriv, aramed mxatvruli warmoebis bazazedac. kadris xedviTi kuTxis STabeWdilebisaTvis SeuZlebelia im kuTxiT da doniT gadaReba, romelic gaavtomatirebulia Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebiT. e.i. Tvalebis doniT, „xedvis wertilis“ monaxva aucilebelia iseTi xedviTi kuTxis „rakursiT“, sadac sivrcobrivi formebiT maqsimalurad gamoxatuli iqneba masalis gamometyveleba, romelic agreTve gaZlierebuli iqneba ganaTebiT“.

filmSi „jim SvanTe“ mxatvruli da dokumenturi isea erTmaneTSi gadaxlarTuli, rom mTlianoba ar irRveva. kalatoziSvilma SeZlo, saocari damajereblobiT eCvenebina svaneTis yofa, buneba.

„rakursma ar unda gaaoriginaluros an gaalamazos nivTebi, is unda iyos rogorc stilisturi xerxi, romelic azrianad iqneba gamiznuli siuJetis wyobasTan dakavSirebiT“.

„jim SvanTe“, SeiZleba iTqvas, pirveli sabWoTa filmia, romlis avtormac uari Tqva mowodebaze, Segonebaze, romelSic avtori-kamera-mayurebeli-gmiri erTmaneTs SeuerTda. amitom aq, kalatoziSvilisa da daviT kakabaZis dokumentur SedevrSi, kinokamera xan qeris marcvlis damfqvelis rols asrulebda, xanac gamoxatavda mdgomareobas adamianisa, romelsac Tavbru esxmis. es e.w subieqturi kameris damkvidrebis tradiciaa, romelsac kalatoziSvili „jim SvanTedan“ iwyebs da „mifrinaven weroebSi“ agrZelebs. am ori filmis analizisas xazs usvamen erTian avtoriseul xedvas da imas, rom „weroebSi“ ganaxlebuli da gaazrebuli iyo munji kinos, swored „jim SvanTes“ esTetika.

rogorc mixeil kalatoziSvilTan saubarSi gamoirkva, filmSi „jim SvanTe“ saxiobiTi epizodebi `usinaTlos~ narCenebidan aris Sedgenili, xolo dokumenturi masala _ xedviTi filmisgan. amgvarad Camoyalibda kinowarmoebis stiluri forma, romelic dokumenturisa da saxiobiTi masalis sinTezSi gamoixateba... es stilistika drois, sabWoTa kino-xelovnebaSi Seqmnili viTarebisa da agreTve, TviT kinoxelovnebis specifikis mier iyo nakarnaxevi...

filmma mravalmxriv gansazRvra ara mxolod mixeil kalatoziSvilis Semoqmedeba, aramed 1920-iani wlebis kino-esTetikac, romelic imxa-nad mxolod ibadeboda.

qeTa samxaraZe

kinomcodneobis IV kursi

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ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi sul ufro iklebs qarTuli filmis popularoba. xsenebul faqts araerTi mizezi gaaCnia. mocemul werilSi Sevecdebi aRvwero ZiriTadi problemebi da moviyvano maTi gadaWris SesaZlo, Teoriuli gzebi.

qarTuli kinos istoria 1900-iani wlebis dasawyisidan iRebs saTaves. sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnamde, damoukidebel saqarTveloSi gadaiRes ramdenime srulmetraJiani suraTi, maT Soris unda gamovarCioT 1919 wlis namuSevari - „qristine“, rac pirvel qarTul mxatvrul filmad iTvleba. sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi, qarTveli reJisorebis mier gadaRebuli filmebis xarisxi erTiorad gaizarda. kinostudiebis mxardaWerisa da SedarebiT maRali dafinansebis wyalobiT, qarTuli filmi msoflio masStabiT gaxda cnobili. araerT sabWoTa jildos evropuli festivalebis nominaciebi da prizebi daemata, qarTulma filmma kuTvnili adgili daikava msoflio kinoxelovnebaSi.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, qveyanaSi Seqmnilma socialurma fonma kinos ganviTarebis procesi droebiT SeaCera. dafinansebis da ucxoeTis mxardaWeris arqonam ramdenime nabijiT ukan daxia qarTuli kinoxelovneba. amas Tan daerTo e. w. ,,tvinis gadineba“, cnobili qarTveli reJisorebi da kinoindustriaSi momuSave pirebis nawili ucxoeTSi gadavida samuSaod, sadac ukeTes pirobebs sTavazobdnen. iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda, adreuli 90-iani wlebis filmebi mxolod mcire auditorias hqonda nanaxi, cxadia, amgvar pirobebSi gadaRebuli suraTi saerTaSoriso aRiarebas Znelad Tu moipovebda (gamonakliss warmoadgens nana jorjaZis 1996 wlis filmi ,,Seyvarebuli kulinaris 1001 recepti“, romelic amerikis kinoakademiis oskarzec iyo nominirebuli). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli filmis stagnaciis periodi 2000-iani wlebis SuaSi dasrulda, Tumca axalma namuSevrebma mainc ver SeZles sabWoTa kavSirSi gadaRebuli qarTuli filmebis simaRleebis miRweva.

yovelive xsenebuls, araerTi gamomwvevi mizezi gaaCnia, Tumca umTavresad mainc finansuri problema unda miviCnioT:

• finansuri krizisikinoxelovnebis maRali tempebiT

ganviTarebam moitana maRalbiujetiani filmebis arsebobis aucilebloba. wlidan wlamde sul ufro Zviri jdeba maRali xarisxis namuSevris gadaReba, romelic, imavdroulad, investorebs Rirebul finansur mogebas moutans. holivudis tempebiT ganviTareba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, Sesabamisad, aqcenti unda gakeTdes SedarebiT dabalbiujetian filmebze, sadac Semcirdeba specialuri efeqtebisa da kompiuteruli grafikis roli, rac yvelaze did xarjebTan asocirdeba. Cvens TanamedroveobaSi, potenciuri investori ver riskavs Tanxis Cadebas proeqtSi, radgan bolo wlebSi, qarTul filmebs praqtikulad ar moaqvT finansuri sargebeli. Sesabamisad, kinoxelovneba erT adgilze dgas da veRar viTardeba.

• Semosavlis problemakinoindustriaSi unda gamoiyos

saSualo biujetis mqone filmis mier Semosavlis motanis ori ZiriTadi xerxi _ kinoTeatrebSi gayiduli bileTebis Tanxa da cifruli diskebis gayidvis Sedegad Semosuli sargebeli. unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTul finansur realobasTan SedarebiT, saSualo statistikuri bileTis fasi sakmaod maRalia, rac, pirvel rigSi, zarals ayenebs dabalbiujetian filmebs. mayurebels urCevnia kinoTeatrSi ixilos maRalbiujetiani blok-basteri, an kinofestivalebze warmatebuli ucxouri filmi, romelsac msoflio aRiareba aqvs. Sesabamisad, mayurebeli ar apirebs gadaixados 10-15 lari adgilobrivi warmoebis filmSi. cxadia, amis mizezs mxolod mayureblis finansuri siduxWire ar warmoadgens. bolo wlebSi gamosuli filmebis xarisxi ar iZleva optimizmis mizezs. mayurebels ar gaaCnia garantia, rom bileTis fasis Sesabamis sanaxaobas ixilavs, Sedegad _ is Sedis holivuduri filmis seansze, an sulac ar midis kinoTeatrSi da filmis cifruli kopiis gavrcelebas elodeba.

qarTuli filmis problema


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yovelive xsenebulma migviyvana kidev erT problemamde:

• ,,piratuli“ saitebi da cifruli kino

unda aRiniSnos, rom internet-mekobreobis mxriv, saqarTvelos msoflioSi erT-erT mowinave pozicia uWiravs. filmis cifruli diskis gamosvlisTanave araerT qarTul veb-saitze Cndeba filmis araoficialuri _ e.w. moparuli versia. Sesabamisad, nebismier saqarTvelos moqalaqes, visac internetTan wvdoma gaaCnia, aqvs saSualeba, ufasod uyuros nebismier films. am faqtma gamoiwvia cifruli diskebis biznesis ukusvla. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am droisTvis, DVD da Blu-Ray diskebs saqarTveloSi praqtikulad aravin yidulobs. amave movlenis gamo, sagrZnoblad Semcirda kinoTeatrSi mosiaruleTa ricxvi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom qarTul filmebs ar gaaCniaT im raodenobis biujeti, rac saerTaSoriso bazris asaTvisebladaa saWiro, maT uwevT mxolod Sida momxmarebelze orientireba. onlain portalebis arsebobam da bileTze maRalma fasebma ki gamoiwvies is, rom holivuduri filmebis arasapremiero dRes, kinodarbazebi naxevrad carielia, qarTuli filmebis seansebisas ki darbazis 25 %-ic ki iSviaTad ivseba.

• interesi da Janruli mravalferovneba

zemoT moyvanili problemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda veZeboT gza, Tu rogor unda davainteresoT mayurebeli, unda veZeboT farTo auditoriis kinoTeatrSi mosazidi saSualebebi. bolo wlebis monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, yvelaze didi finansuri mogeba zafxulSi gamosul maRalbiujetian blok-basterebs moaqvT. amas ramdenime mizezi gaaCnia, kerZod: zafxulSi mosaxleobis umetesoba ar muSaobs da SedarebiT bevri Tavisufali dro aqvs, amasTan, farTo masebs gansakuTrebiT izidavs mZafrsiuJetiani, e.w. Action Janris filmebi (mag.: „misia Seusrulebelia“, „SurismaZieblebi“, „iuruli samyaro“ da sxv.). ukanaskneli wlebis qarTul filmografias Tu gadavxedavT, am Janris

filmebs ver SevxvdebiT. aseve didi simpaTiebiT sargeblobs komediuri Janris filmebi. amasTan, am Janris upiratesobad unda CaiTvalos is faqti, rom films ar moeTxoveba maRali sinematografiuli Rirebuleba. magaliTisTvis, cnobili amerikeli msaxiobis _ adam sendleris filmebs kritikosebi katastrofulad dabal Sefasebebs uweren, Tumca es sulac ar uSlis xels mis filmebs sammagi da oTxmagi finansuri mogebis motanaSi. saqarTveloSi iyo araerTi mcdeloba, am JanrSi gadaeRoT warmatebuli filmi, Tumca maTi umetesoba holivudur kliSeebze dafuZnebul araoficialur Remake-ebad gvevlineba (mag.: „mister ZiZa“, romelic amerikuli filmis _ „misis daubtfaieris“ Sinaarss miyveba). Sesabamisad, mayureblebis umetesoba treilerebidanve xvdeba, rom kinoTeatrSi axals verafers ixilavs, bileTebi aRar iyideba da filmi finansur mogebs ver iRebs. dabali biujetis da mayureblis gemovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZlebelia warmatebuli gamodges fsiqologiuri Trilerebi, cxovrebiseuli Sinaarsis mqone filmebi, qveynis istoriul warsulze dafuZnebuli namuSevrebi. Tumca, aman ar unda migviyvanos Tematikis gaerTferovnebamde, rac Cvens siaSi momdevno problemas warmoadgens.

• erTferovani TematikaTuki bolo wlebis warmatebul qarTul

filmebs gadavxedavT, aucileblad SevamCnevT erTferovan Tematikas. kerZod ki, namuSevrebis umetesoba 90-iani wlebis saqarTvelos, afxazeTis omisa da narkomaniis garSemo viTardeba. erTi mxriv, amgvari Tematika misasalmebelia, radganac qveynis axlo warsuls asaxavs da SesaZloa auditoriis nawilSi patriotuli suliskveTebis amaRlebasac emsaxurebodes, Tumca ar unda moxdes mxolod am Janris filmebze SeCereba. ,,gaseirneba yarabaRSi“, ,,quCis dReebi“ ,,gaRma napiri“, ,,mandarinebi“ _ miuxedavad imisa, rom sxva namuSevrebTan SedarebiT es filmebi gacilebiT maRal doneze dgas, ukve SeimCneva erTi Tematikisgan mayureblis gadaRla. garda

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msgavsi Sinaarsisa, am filmebSi xSirad SevxvdebiT erTsa da imave samsaxiobo ansambls. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom xsenebuli Tematikis filmebma dakargon mravalricxovani auditoria, radganac mayurebels rCeba STabeWdileba, rom mudmivad erTi scenaris ganviTarebas adevnebs Tvalyurs, sadac erTi da igive xalxis ansambli monawileobs

• msaxiobebis problemazemoT ukve vaxseneT, rom filmebis

umetesobaSi erTsa da imave msaxiobebs vawydebiT. unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom am msaxiobebis umetesoba, kinoSi Teatridan aris mosuli. isini ar arian specializebuli kinomsaxiobobaSi, rac Tavisebur gavlenas axdens filmebze. maT samsaxiobo ostatobas eWvqveS aravin ayenebs, Tumca Tundac holivuduri da sabWoTa filmebis Sedarebisas aSkarad davinaxavT sxvaobas kinovarskvlavsa da Teatris msaxiobs Soris. am problemis safuZveli ki kvlav finansebTan da ganaTlebis sistemasTan midis. Teatris dabali anazRaurebis Semxedvare, profesional msaxiobebs urCevniaT kinos sferoSi gadavidnen da iq SedarebiT ukeTes pirobebSi imuSaon. saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs specifikurad kinoze orientirebuli saswavleblebi, rac iwvevs filmebSi Teatris msaxiobebis monawileobis aucileblobas.

didi mniSvneloba eniWeba e.w. Star Power-s, anu varskvlavis statuss. magaliTisTvis, Tuki filmSi tom kruzi monawileobs, praqtikulad ar arsebobs filmis finansuri kraxis Sansi. saqarTveloSi amgvari kinovarskvlavebi naklebad gvxvdeba. ramdenime wlis win didi popularobiT sargeblobda filmebi miSa mesxis monawileobiT. Tumca wlebis ganmavlobaSi, mis mier sxvadasxva namuSevarSi gansaxierebulma erTganzomilebianma personaJebma mas es statusi nel-nela daukarga. ucxour kinoindustriaSi aprobirebul meTods warmoadgens filmSi ,,lamazmanis“ CarTva, rac mamakaci mayureblis mozidvas iwvevs, amgvar taqtikas bolo xanebSi qarTuli

filmebic mimarTaven, Tumca miuxedavad amisa, seriozuli finansuri warmatebis mqone filmebis dasaxeleba mainc rTulia.

gamosavaliamgvari mZime situaciidan erTi SexedviT

gamosavali arc Cans. finansebis mozidvis gareSe, praqtikulad SeuZlebeli xdeba qarTuli kinoindustriis masStabebis gafarToeba. am TvalsazrisiT, win gadadgmuli nabiji iqneba damoukidebeli filmis ganviTareba (e.w. Independent Movie – Indie). aSS-Si yovelwliurad milionobiT dolari ixarjeba axalgazrda reJisorebisa da scenaristebis dasafinanseblad. magaliTisTvis sandensis da ostinis kinofestivalebic kmara, sadac gamarjvebul monawileebs gadaecemaT specialuri grantebi, rac momavali proeqtebis dasagegmad da gadasaRebad saWiro biujets emateba. zogadad, am tipis filmi sakmaod dabal sawyis kapitals moiTxovs, SesaZlebelia damwyebi msaxiobebis dasaqmebac, romlebic damatebiT gamocdilebas miiReben.

unda Seiqmnas specialuri wamaxalisebeli konkursebi, sadac dabalbiujetiani filmebi miiReben monawileobas.

unda moxdes damoukidebeli filmebis gaSuqeba festivalebze, raTa mayurebelma gaicnos axalgazrda reJisorebi.

Sesabamisad gaizrdeba interesi maTi Semdgomi namuSevrebisadmi da SesaZloa, axlo momavalSi qarTulma kinoindustriam win didi nabiji gadadgas.

giorgi basilaia



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kino aris sinkretuli xelovnebis dargi. xelovnebis saTaveebTan vxvdebiT sinkretizms, ritualebis saxiT. rogorc cnobilia, ritualebidan warmoiSva Teatri. droTa ganmavlobaSi xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargi damoukideblad ganviTarda. Teatrma sinkretuli saxe SeinarCuna. kino, rogorc Teatris, ise xelovnebis sxva dargebis gamocdilebas daefuZna, iseTi dargebis, rogorebicaa: literatura, mxatvroba, musika da ase Semdeg... Tumca kinos arsebiTi siaxle is aris, rom man gamoiyena da dRemde iyenebs teqnikis uaxles miRwevebs.

avtoris rolic xelovnebaSi imave xaziT SeiZleba gaviazroT: rituali iyo socialuri fenomeni, Semdeg avtori individualur fenomenad iqca da ase viTardeboda saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi da dResac aseTad rCeba.

xelovnebaSi moralmac igive gza gaiara: Tavidan igi socialuri fenomeni iyo. mas Semdeg, rac avtori individad iqca, is avtoris arCevans daemorCila. Sesabamisad, morali SeiZleba iyos rogorc avtoris originaluri naazrevi, ise socialuri normiT nakarnaxevi moecmuloba. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSic, avtoris arCevania, _ daeTanxmos socialur normas Tu ara. mxolod amitom SeiZleba xelovnebaSi kvlav Segxvdes socialuri morali.

individualur xelovnebas bevrad didi xnis, mravalferovani da Rrma istoria aqvs. amitom man bevrad farTo ganviTareba hpova. individze koncentrirebam, individualuri xelovneba miiyvana iseT mimdinareobebamde, rogorebicaa eqspresionizmi, impresionizmi da a.S.. es mimarTulebebi, Tavis droze, ZiriTadad, iyo eqsperimenti avtoris pirad gamocdilebasTan, pirad azrebTan, pirad damokidebulebasTan kavSirSi.

me-20 saukunidan moyolebuli avtoris, rogorc moazrovnis, roli TandaTan ukan ixevs. SemoqmedebaSi avtoris kvali mxolod mis mxatvrul xedvaSi, personaJis, scenis da a. S. arCevanSi Cans. igi momxmarebels garkveuli mxatvruli xedviT sTavazobs garkveul movlenebs. zemoT naxsenebi xazis dakavSireba am TvalsazrisTanac SegviZlia.

evropuli xelovnebis istoriis saTaveebTan, antikur saberZneTSi, iyo

mosazreba, rom xelovneba sinamdvilis mibaZva iyo. xelovnebis Sesaxeb maSinac arsebobda odiozuri mosazrebebi. platoni amoralurobas sayvedurobda poetebs, rodesac isini literaturul nawarmoebSi RmerTebis intimur kavSirebs an maT sisusteebs aRwerdnen. platonisTvis es miuRebeli iyo, radgan Tvlida, rom cudi magaliTi iqneboda sazogadoebisaTvis.

aristotele (misi naazrevi iTvleba xelovnebis Teoriis mwvervalad da rogorc amboben, xelovnebis Teoriis mTeli Semdgomi ganviTareba aris aristoteles poetikis sqolio) principulad gaemijna Tavisi maswavleblis pozicias da Tqva, rom xelovneba aris sinamdvilis mibaZva, magram es sinamdvilis SemoqmedebiTi gardasaxvaa da swored aq, mxatvrul gardasaxvaSi mdgomareobs xelovnebis arsio. cxoveli SeiZleba sinamdvileSi maxinji iyos an movlena Zalian amoraluri, Tumca rodesac mas vnaxulobT SemoqmedebiTad gardasaxuls, es siamovnebas gvaniWebs. am Tvalsazriss eTanadeba tarantinos Semoqmedeba. „makulaturaSi“ nebismieri ZaladobiT savse scena, Tundac roca erT-erT mTavar gmirs iaraRi gauvardeba da mTel manqanas axalgazrda ymawvilis tviniT mosvris, mayurebels siamovnebas aniWebs, magram ara Zaladobis gamo, aramed situaciis komikurobis, absurdulobis gamo (aristoteleve ambobda, rom sasaciloa is, rac Seusabamoa).

Tanamedrove xelovnebis kritikosebi, ZiriTadad, saubroben (an gulisxmoben) moralis da/an avtoris rolis dakargvaze. isini gulisxmoben an pirdapir amboben, rom es aris xelovnebis dacema. Tumca, vfiqrob, piriqiT, − es azri xelovnebis antikurobaSive arsebuli ZiriTadi principis aRzevebaa. kinoSi es principi SedarebiT gvian gaCnda. mas win uswrebda saxviT xelovnebaSi avtoris rolisa da moralis dakargva. es is periodia, roca gaCnda dadaizmi, futurizmi da sxva amgvari mimdinareobebi. literaturaSi Zlierad gamovlinda es tendencia, ramac dRemde `dauZleveli mwvervalis~,

avtori mokvda, gaumarjos momxmarebels

8. gv.

8


Sinagani monologis gaCena gamoiwvia. es aris sinamdvilis yvelaze uSualod asaxvis teqnika literaturaSi. ra Tqma unda, es tendencia SeimCneva kinoSic, XX saukunis dasawyisSi, magram am process Zlieri kvali ar dautovebia.

termini „avtoris sikvdili“ kinoSi postmodernizmma daamkvidra. rogorc manana lekboraSvili naSromSi `postmodernuli situacia kinematografSi~ aRniSnavs: „postmodernizmis amerikel mkvlevars frederik jeimsons miaCnia, rom misTvis damaxasiaTebelia „subieqturis“, e.i. avtoris sikvdili. misi azriT, gansxvavebiT modernizmis epoqisa, roca

TiToeul gamoCenil Semoqmeds gaaCnda individualuri samyaro da individualuri stili. dRes, korporaciebis epoqaSi, roca Camoyalibda „organizmis adamiani“, aRar arsebobs individi, aRaravinaa, vinc axal stils gamoigonebs. amitom mxolod Zvelebisadmi mibaZva rCeba. ase warmoiSoba stilizacia, romelic jeimsons postmodernistuli esTetikis mTavar niSnad, xolo rom ar iyos sayvedurebi mibaZvisTvis, igi odnav ironiul da parodiul xasiaTs iZens“. amis SesaniSnavi magaliTia filmi „korporacia wminda motorsi.“ mTavar gmirs sakuTari cxovrebac ar aqvs da „korporaciis“ davalebiT mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva adamianis cxovrebiT cxovrobs.

ra Tqma unda, eseT radikalur WrilSi „avtoris sikvdilis“ ganxilva arasworia. postmodernistuli kino namdvilad ar ganicdis geniosi avtorebis simcires. iseT

reJisorebs, rogorebic arian: kventin tarantino, devid linCi, mihael haneke, Zmebi koenebi, ves andersoni da sxva mravali, ar SeiZleba erTi xelis mosmiT xazi gadavusvaT. ubralod, avtors aRar sWirdeba qadagis rolSi yofna, man moixsna es funqcia. garda amisa, xelovnebis nimuSi, filmi, naxati an wignic ar aris dasrulebuli produqti manam, sanam mas momxmarebeli ar miiRebs. filmSi „fotogadideba“ mTavari gmiris mezobeli, mxatvari Tavis abstraqtul naxats Semdegnairad xsnis: „xatvis procesSi, naxati ubralod feradi areulobaa. forma TandaTan vlindeba. magaliTad, ai es fexi... suraTi TviTon iwyebs gamokveTas“.

filmis mTavari gmiri, fotografi tomasi, TavgamodebiT cdilobs raime xelmosaWidi ipovos Tavis SemoqmedebaSi. am momentidan filmis msvlelobas tomasis fiqrebi gansazRvraven. igi brundeba parkSi Tavisi warmodgenebis Sesamowmeblad da marTlac, poulobs sxeuls, romelic sinamdvileSi misi warmosaxvis nayofia. mogvianebiT aRmoCndeba koncertze, sadac yvela TiTqos erTi didi gadaRebisTvis aris gamzadebuli. koncertis dasasruls tomasi „daiTrevs“ gitaris natexs. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavdapirvelad sagans mniSvnelovani datvirTva hqonda, gareT gamosvlisas aRmoCndeba, rom gitaris natexi, ubralod, gitaris natexia. es aris postmodernizmis gamovlineba. sabolood xelovneba mxolod sagania, romlis arsic mxolod mis aRqmaSi mdgomareobs.

nika kiknaZe


7 gv.


9


10 gv.

sivrcis aRqma mxatvarTan mimarTebaSi

sivrce, rogorc didi galia... mxatvari ki is potenciuri patimari, romelic, rogorc sxva yvela, damwyvdeulia. Tumca, mxolod mas eZleva Sansi moiparos galiis, sivrcis gasaRebi, an arc dasWirdes qurdoba da Tavad Seqmnas gasaRebic ki.

klod mone _ frangi mxatvari, impresionizmis fuZemdebeli. misi erT-erTi namuSevaria „STabeWdileba, mzis amosvla“.naxatze arsebuli ulamazesi epizodi asaxavs dRisa da Ramis erTmaneTisgan gayris epizods. ferTa gama, naxatis idea, perspeqtiva... es aris is sami ZiriTadi ram, risi saSualebiTac klod monem didi gadatrialeba moaxdina, Cemi azriT, XIX saukunis mxatvrobaSi.

sivrcis gansxvavebuli aRqma... ar aris mTavari Seqmna figurebi, romlebic

ubralod tilosa Tu formatis siRrmeSi Sedian. mTavaria, mnaxvels agrZnobino, rom Sen, mxatvarma, zustad ici, ra xdeba ara marto horizontamde, aramed imis iqiT.

klod monem gamoiyena axali Teoria ferebis gamaSi, ramdenjerme gamosaxa obieqti sxvadasxva ganaTebasa da amindSi. garda amisa, Seqmna iluzia, TiTqos es figura im sabediswero xazsac scdeba da grZeldeba, sadac ca da miwa uerTdeba erTmaneTs. iqiT, Cveni Tvalsawieris miRma, es figura neldeba, ibureba, Tumca Tavis saTqmels mainc ambobs, da rac mTavaria, ar qreba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom impresionizmi didad ar mizidavs, klod mone da es konkretuli namuSevari Zalian bevri mxatvridan amovarCie. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom am SemTxvevaSi, arc mimdinareobas da arc namuSevris xasiaTs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ar hqonia. CemTvis es tilo gansakuTrebiT arsebiTia. vinaidan, vfiqrob, rom swored sivrcis gansxvavebuli, gansakuTrebuli aRqmiT gamoirCeva.

fsiqologiis gakveTilebi grZeldeba...

minda madloba gadavuxado im studentebs, romlebmac Seiswavles da gaiTavises zogadi fsiqologiis sakmaod rTuli sakiTxebi. maT moaxerxes Cem mier miwodebul, sakmaod SezRudul amocanebze mSvenieri mxatvruli eseiebis Seqmna. amjerad, gTavazobT maselotis cnobil eqsperimentze agebul Canaxatebs da amasTanave, Tavad studentebis mier SerCeul emociaTa erT-erT saxeobaze orientirebul sulidan amoxeTqil istoriebs...

manana maCabeli, pedagogi

mxatvris movaleoba ar aris, aucileblad, gamoiyeno perspeqtiva naxatSi. mas SeuZlia dausruleblad xatos sibrtyeze, imuSaos grafikaze, Tumca verasdros gaaRos galia da darCes sivrcis tyved.

salome ciramua

niko

nisliani amindi iyo. albaT iwvimebda. am dros patara bavSvi, niko, fanjris rafasTan ijda da peizaJs xatavda. etyoboda, cotas Relavda da cdilobda ded-mamis CxubisTvis yuradReba ar mieqcia. miCveuli iyo amgvar yoveldRiurobas. rodesac misi mSoblebi Zalian absurdul Tebaze iwyebdnen Cxubs, niko yovelTvis fanjarasTan jdeboda da peizaJis xatvas iwyebda.

mgrZnobiare bavSvi iyo niko. yovelTvis egona, rom mSoblebis Cxubis mizezi TviTon iyo. xSirad utiria amis gamo, magram Tavis dards mSoblebs arasdros aCvenebda, radgan eSinoda, axali Cxubis mizezi ar gamxdariyo.

amasobaSi wvimis pirveli wveTic Camovarda. Cxubis xmam imata, nikoc ufro nervulad da swrafad usvamda funjs. uceb Tavisi saxlis win man usaxlkaro ZaRli dainaxa, romelic wvimaSi daxetialobda. Zalian hgavda nikos: isic iseTive sevdiani da Tvalcremliani iyo. nikom didxans uyura ZaRls. swrafad wmoxta, xeli dastaca qolga da quCaSi gavarda.

ramdenime saaTis Semdeg, rodesac mSoblebi CxubiT daiRalnen da mixvdnen, rom nikos sadilobis dro mosuliyo, oTaxSi Seixedes. oTaxi carieli daxvdaT, mxolod nikos naxati ido magidaze. mSoblebi

10


SeSindnen, gavardnen gareT da dainaxes trotuaris kideze Camomjdari niko, qolgiT xelSi, romelic ZaRlTan erTad ijda da xmamaRla tiroda.

ar vici, amis Semdeg ra moxda, mixvdnen Tu ara mSoblebi Tavis danaSauls, magram faqtia, im dRis Semdeg niko mxolod ojaxur portretebs xatavda.

nanuki makraxiZe

xelovnebis istoria da Teoria

* * *

yelSi amosuli erTferovnebis dasamarcxeblad, megobrebTan erTad, speqtaklze rom waxval da iqidan gamosuli emociiT datvirTuli,damunjebuli xmas rom ver iReb, isev didi scenis patara mayurebeli rom xar da uecrad megobrebis gadawyvetilebiT aRmoCndebi ugemovno musikiT gaJRenTil barSi, romelic marto filmebSi Tu ginaxavT... normalur adamians iq Sesvla ki ara, masTan axlos gavlac ki Seuracxyofas miayenebs...

mokled, bevri rom ar gavagrZelo, vsxedvarT, Tavzardamcemi musikis fonze vcdilobT gavaneitraloT Cveni emociebi... Tumca xvdebiT, albaT, ramxela kontrasti iqneboda „kulturis saxlidan“ am „bomJur“ garemoSi gadaxtoma...

Tavs cota uxerxulad vgrZnobdi. ai, TiTqos, sakuTar Tavs rom emalebi sircxvilisgan, Tumca ras daemalebi am oxers da bedovlaTs... Segarcxvens, ai rogor

Segarcxvens, iciT? dawyebiT klasebSi cota wamozrdili rom xar, gapranWva rom axali dawyebuli gaqvs, maswavlebeli rom gagiZaxebs da mTeli klasis winaSe Segarcxvens...

albaT, verc ki avxsni am grZnobas. mokled, sanam bolomde gavaanalizebdi, ra xdeboda, marcxniv „nakleikebiT“ morTuli kari gaiRo da mSvidi saxiT, sevdiani TvalebiT simSvide da siyvaruli Semoitana buStebianma xanSi Sesulma kacma. TiTqos buStebis gayidva undoda, Tumca mis TvalebSi martivad amoikiTxavdiT, rom gareT gayinuli, SigniT siTbos eZebda. Cven raRac saSineli aryiT viJRinTebodiT... moxuci Cvenken moiwevda, mindoda Cavxutebodi. buSti ar miyidia, Tumca magididan didi yviTeli vaSli gavuwode.. siyvaruliT savse TvalebiT maniSna, rom ver SeWamda (kbilebis gamo). buStebiani xelebi gaSala da mTeli sxeuliT, Tavisi gayinuli da keTilisxeuliT da suliT Camexuta.

uazrod viRimodi, cremlebs vylapavdi. guli aRar meteoda, TiTqos galiidan gamomifrinda da Tavisufleba vigrZeni.

msgavsi grZnoba namdvilad arasdros mqonia. fexebidan damiara, gamaJriala da erTbaSad gavTbi. misi xrinwiani xma, Cumi sityvebi, Tbili guli, sevdiani Tvalebi arasodes damaviwydeba..

es grZnoba jobda yvela im banalur „urTierTobas“, yvela banalur wams, wuTs, saaTs...

arasodes damaviwydeba misi xelebi, xelSi wiTeli gulis formis buStebi, zed warweriT: me Sen miyvarxar!

qeTa jinWaraZe

9 gv.


11


12 gv.

me pianisti viyavi!sul raRac sami wlis vyofilvar, pianinos

rom mivepare da TiTebis araTanabari moZraobiT gulis gamawvrilebeli `musikis" Seqmna daviwye. es dedasgan vici. me es ar maxsovs, iseve, rogorc Cemi mucelSi Casaxlebis momenti… arc àxalsaxloba” maxsovs am samyaroSi… deda ambobda, pianinoze geZineboda, mxolod amis Semdeg SegveZlo Seni sawolSi gadayvanao…

cudia, rom ar maxsovs… kargad JRers… Cemi pirvelic da

ukanaskneli siyvarulic isaa… Cemi TeTri roiali…

maxsovs, Svidi wlis asakSi musikaze rom Semiyvanes…

Cemi maswavlebelic maxsovs… mrgvali qali iyo, saTvaliani… Tu romelime nots avurevdi, TiTebSi sagangebod gamzadebul saxazavs mirtyamda… vin icis, ramdenjer mifiqria, - albaT ramden Cemnairs awamebda am saxazaviT-meTqi. am stafilosferi saxazavis gamo bevrma Cemma gundelma guli aicrua musikaze da samudamod miatova fortepianoc… me ara… ubralod, im mrgval qals vTxove, xelebSi aRar Caertya:

_ maswavlebelo, SeiZleba raRac gTxovoT?

_ ra Tqma unda, _ gamiRima da saTvale gaiswora. Semrcxva. TiTqos, es is qali ar iyo, ramdenime wuTis win saxazavi rom Camartya xelSi. saxazavs patara nawilaki mowyda da Senelebuli kadriT axtunavda. me ki Tvali gavayole. dakvra Sevwyvite da maswavlebels Zlivs gavubede sxva Temaze laparaki. Tumca es saqcieli arasodes minania…

_ SegiZliaT saxazavi xelSi aRar CamartyaT?

_ batono?! _ qals Rimili mieyina da saTvale cxvirze Camoucurda.

_ maswavlebelo, bevri vifiqre da mivxvdi, rom xelebze Zvirfasi araferi gamaCnia. minda movufrTxilde maT. Tu rame ar mogewonebaT, Zalian gTxovT, sadac gindaT damartyiT, xelebis garda…

SevamCnie, mrgval qals rogor auTamaSda qveda tuCi da saTvalidanac wvima wamovida. orive xeliT CamebRauWa da gulze mimiweba. mas Semdeg sul ase gulze miwebebul-Camokidebuli vyavdi. saxazavi aRarasdros Caurtyams. aRarc uCxubia. wynarad mixsnida Cems Secdomebs da mec darcxvenili umal gamosworebaze viwyebdi zrunvas.

xelTaTmanebi Sevisisxlxorce. maT mxolod fortepianosTan vixsnidi. gavucnaurdi… yvela saxifaTo nivTs veridebodi.

dana…velosipedi…rolikebi…ara mxolod nivTebs, bavSvebsac…

maTTan TamaSi yovelTvis saxifaTo iyo, zogi muxlgayvlefili iyo… zogic ìdayvebgaqluculi”…

meSinoda…meSinoda, xelebi ar damezianebina…Cvidmeti wlis asakSi dedam TeTri roiali

maCuqa… maSin mivxvdi, ra iyo bedniereba…dRec da Ramec…erTxel, maswavleblisTvis gankuTvnili

Wikarti Cems notebis rveulSi moxvda. es saSiSi iaraRi iyo… kidev kargi, araferi daviziane…

klasidan gadavedi…sisxlis analizis aRebis dro rom dadga,

maSin mivxvdi ra iyo isterika. WeSmariti isterika… mas Semdeg “isteriCka” Semarqves. es saxelic xelTaTmanebiviT Sevisisxlxorce…

CemTvis ar arsebobda konkursi romelSic meore adgils davikavebdi. mtrebi gaviCine. erT-erTi sabediswero aRmoCnda.

konkursis wina dRes darbazSi vmecadineobdi. is gogoc movida. mismenda da boRmis gorgali yelSi eCxireboda. amas vgrZnobdi, magram dakvra ar Sevwyvite. momiaxlovda, swrafi moZraobiT Cemi Seuryvneli, sicocxleze Zvirfasi xelebi fortepianoSi Caketa da saxuravs zemodan daajda.

àr mogcem uflebas, yovelTvis gaimarjvo!”

ijda naxSiriviT Sav roialze, fexi fexze gadaedo da tkbeboda Cemi tanjviT…

bolo xmaze vyvirodi.vtirodi.aravis esmoda.is wavida…me ki xelebi damisaxiCrda…Cemi saTuTi, Cemi sayvareli, Cvili

bavSviviT movlili xelebi, SromiT daRlili dedabris daZarRvul, damWknar torebad iqca. merCivna movekali… erTi TiTi imdenad damizianda rom misi amputacia gaxda saWiro.

pianisti

12


`isteriCkam” isev gaiRviZa, rodesac ucnaur oTaxSi gameRviZa da erTi TiTi maklda.

ramdenjerme TviTmkvlelobac vcade. magram, rogorc Cans, cudad movindome. xangrZlivi depresiis Semdeg vcdilobdi 9 TiTiT damekra. amaze uaresi ra unda momxdariyo Cems cxovrebaSi? ramdenime wuTSi yvela ocneba, survili da momavlis rwmenac ki gaqra. zustad ise, rogorc iluzionistis xelSi patara Cituna.

saxlSi marto viyavi da 9 TiTs vawvalebdi TeTr roialTan. Cemi mteri movida. TavCaqindruli idga karTan. raRacebs bodavda, Tumca ar momismenia… mxolod erTi sityva daviWire ramdenjerme, `mapatie”… me misi sisulelis aRqmisTvis ar mecala, milionma azrma mainc gamielva TavSi, rogor SeiZleboda momekla, rom meti tanjva mimeyenebina. bolos gadavwyvite, venaxis makratliT momeWra misTvis TiTi. es udaod saukeTeso varianti iyo. rom momekla, ase ver gaigebda, ras vgrZnobdi me.

_ ginda SenTvis davukra? _ vkiTxe moulodnelad, is Secba.

_ Semodi…mivujeqi Cems siyvaruls da 9 TiTiT mecxre

simfoniis dakvra vcade. saukeTeso ar iyo… Tumca bevrs es 10 TiTiTac ar SeeZlo…

_ rogor… rogor SeZeli? _ miyurebda gaocebuli saxiT.

_ advilia, Senc gaswavli… _ daibna, ver mixvda, ras vgulisxmobdi, sanam mamaCemis farexidan venaxis makrateli ar gamovitane. axla ki SeeSinda da yvirili daiwyo (ar vici aseTi usazRvro Zalis mozRvaveba saidan vigrZeni, me xom arasodes mqonia sportTan Sexeba, swrafadac ki ar mivlia. magram, albaT, RmerTebma gamiries dedis rZeSi raRac eleqsiri, romelic maSin maZlierebda, rodesac es mWirdeboda.). raRac blagvi sagani Cavartyi, ar gaTiSula, magram gaCumda. TvalebSi miyurebda. misi cremli saxeze wasmul sxvadasxva „ferumarilSi“ izileboda da talaxs magonebda. es talaxi ki cxviridan wamosul mwvane Jeles ereoda. kidev erTxel vigrZeni Zala… misi TiTi makratlis kbilebs Soris movamwyvdie, iseve rogorc man, Cemebi fortepianoSi. mxolod xelis erTi moZraoba iyo darCenili da… da isic CemsaviT daitanjeboda…

_ ratom ar yviri? _ SevuRrine gacofebuli mxeciviT…

_ vimsaxureb! SensaviT mainc verasodes davukrav…

uceb dro gaCerda. rogor SeZlo am momentisTvis zustad Sesaferisi sityvebis SerCeva?! uceb suleliviT gadavixarxare da makrateli mis TiTebs movacile.

_ ras akeTeb? _ gaukvirda mas. _ gaakeTe es, xom ginda rom davitanjo? Tu Zala ar gyofnis dagexmarebi… magram swrafad… ar miyvars tkivili… da kidev aTasi „bla bla bla…“ misi sasowarkveTili Tvalebi momCereboda da raRacas bodavda magram me araferi mesmoda, mxolod vxarxarebdi, multfilmis boroti gmiriviT.

_ ara! _ vTqvi da seriozuli saxe miviRe._ ra?_ Sen ra, marTla ggonia, rom musikisTvis

amxela msxverpls imsaxureb? _ aq ukve ironiuli saxe da Rimili vtyorcne, ukan davixie da Cems TeTr roialze ise Camovskupdi, rogorc is im sabediswero dRes ijda fortepianoSi Caketil-Cawebebul Cems jer kidev Seuryvnel aTive TiTze.

* * *

man dakvras Tavi daaneba. TiToeuli noti axsenebda, rom is tanjvis Rirsic ki ar iyo… me `sagiJeTSi” gamomamwyvdies. sadac yvela giJia, ra Tqma unda, Cem garda. aq TiTqmis xavsmodebuli or saterfuliani pianinoa. Tumca mesame ra saWiroa, mec xom maklia TiTi?

axla yoveldRe vukrav or saterfulian (pedlian) pianinoze cxra TiTiT, giJebisTvis…

kargi msmenelebi arian…

ana sanebliZe xelovnebaTmcodneoba, meoTxe kursi

11 gv.

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Transcript of gamomcemloba kentavri , aRmaSeneblis gamz. 40; tel: 294 …109)_2017.pdf · mxolod Sida...