saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

xelnaweris uflebiT

vanda mujiri

arqiteqturuli kompoziciis swavlebis meTodika

doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

wardgenili disertaciis

a v t o r e f e r a t i

Tbilisi

2012 weli

1

samuSao Sesrulebulia saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis

arqiteqturis, urbanistikis da dizainis fakultetis

arqiteqturis safuZvlebis da Teoriis departamentis

arqiteqturis gegmarebis safuZvlebis mimarTulebaze

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: sruli profesori,

arqiteqturis doqtori

nanuli TevzaZe

recenzentebi: .

.

dacva Sedgeba 2012 wlis “ “ ivniss, saaTze

saqarTvelos teqnikuri univeristetis arqiteqturis,

urbanistikis da dizainis fakultetis sadisertacio sabWos

kolegiis sxdomaze

korpusi , auditoria .

misamarTi: 0175, Tbilisi, kostavas 77

disertaciis gacnoba SeiZleba stu-s biblioTekaSi,

xolo avtoreferatisa - stu-s veb-gverdze

sadisertacio sabWos mdivani: asocirebuli profesori,

arqiteqturis doqtori

marika foCxua

2

naSromis aqtualoba

XX saukunem Camoayaliba arqiteqturul-mxatvruli

formaTwarmoqmnis axali skola, romelic gansxvavdeba

akademiuri tradiciebisgan da gaxda msoflio mxatvruli

kulturis aRiarebuli memkvidreoba. saukuneebis manZilze

arqiteqturaSi narCundeboda tradiciuli, miRebuli

kompoziciuri xerxebi, saxeebi da stilebi, Sesabamisad

orientirebuli arqiteqturul-pedagogiuri Sexedulebebi,

romlebzec igeboda damgegmareblebis axali Taobebis

praqtikuli momzadeba. Tumca, aswleulebis gasayarze moxda

gardatexa; mecnierul-teqnikurma progresma da socialur-

sazogadoebrivi pirobebis Secvlam daangria Zveli esTetikuri

normebi da mxatvruli principebi. Secvlili garemoebebis

gaTvaliswinebiT daiwyo uaxlesi drois, principulad axali

arqiteqturis formireba. Tanamedrove mxatvruli sistemis

CamoyalibebaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis arqiteqturul

skolas, romelmac gamoxata formaTwarmoqmnis novatoruli,

konceptualuri ideebi. aucilebeli gaxda Sinaarsobrivi masalis

transformacia, pedagogiuri praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT. amisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli iyo TanamedroveFformaTwarmoqmnis skolis

mimarTva propedevtikuli modelisadmi, romelic iTvaliswinebs

profesiuli ganaTlebis pirveli etapidan saproeqto amocanebis

gadawyvetaSi moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis sagnis gamoyofas

da mis gamoyenebas SemoqmedebiTi iaraRis saxiT. arqiteqturuli

pedagogikis sfero jer kidev ar aris bolomde Seswavlili da

gaanalizebuli.

Catarebuli kvlevebis miuxedavad ar arsebobs safuZveli

imis mtkicebisa, rom dRes arsebobs erTiani Sexeduleba

mxatvruli formaTwarmoqmnis arqiteqturul skolaze, romelic

Camoyalibda XX saukuneSi da gaxda msoflio mxatvruli

kulturis mniSvnelovani movlena. amasTan erTad, dagrovili

3

didi moculobis masala, mravali Teoriuli idea da mecnieruli

Sexeduleba SeiZleba gaxdes misi SemuSavebis safuZveli.

arqiteqturuli propedevtika, romlis safuZvelia

moculobiT-sivrciTi kompozicia, aris Zalian mniSvnelovani

momavali arqiteqtorebis CamoyalibebisaTvis, profesiuli

Tvisebebisa da Cvevebis dauflebisaTvis. amdenad, sadReisod

metad aqtualuria teqnikuri progresisa da arqiteqturaSi

axali masalebisa da kompiuteruli teqnologiebis farTod

gamoyenebis fonze swavlebis tradiciuli meTodologiis

modernizacia Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. swored aman

gansazRvra Cveni Sromis mizani da amocanebi.

Sromis mizans warmoadgenda arqiteqturuli propedevtikis

aqamde arsebuli saswavlo Teoriebisa da meTodologiebis

kritikuli analizis safuZvelze Tanamedrove da originaluri

meTodebis gamoyenebiT moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis

efeqtiani saswavlo programis SemuSaveba, romelic

saerTaSoriso moTxovnebis Sesabamisad momavali arqiteqtorebis

optimaluri momzadebis saSualebas miscems saswavlo

dawesebulebebs.A

amocanebi

• arqiteqturuli propedevtikis aqamde arsebuli saswavlo

Teoriebisa da meTodologiebis mimoxilva;

• arqiteqturuli propedevtikis aqamde arsebuli saswavlo

Teoriebisa da meTodologiebis kritikuli analizi da

ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis gamovlena;

• studentTa da eqspert-pedagogTa gamokiTxvis safuZvelze

moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis arsebuli saswavlo

meTodologiis Sefaseba da studentTa saWiroebebisa da

moTxovnebis gamovlena saswavlo programis Semdgomi

daxvewis mizniT;

• Tanamedrove da originaluri (sakuTari) meTodebis adre

arsebul saukeTeso meTodebTan integraciis safuZvelze,

4

studentTa saWiroebebisa da moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis adekvaturi saswavlo

meTodologiis da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.

kvlevis obieqti

• kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda arqiteqturis swavlebis

propedevtikuli kursis qarTuli da ucxouri

meTodologiebi;

• moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis swavlebis

meTodologiaSi Tanamedrove meTodebis, maT Soris

kompiuteruli teqnologiebis, integraciis perspeqtivebi;

• studentTa piradi ganwyobebi da damokidebuleba teqnikuri

universitetis arqiteqturis, urbanistikisa da dizainis

fakultetze maTTvis SeTavazebuli moculobiT-sivrciTi

kompoziciis swavlebis meTodologiisadmi.

kvlevis meTodebi

• literaturuli wyaroebis damuSaveba da mopovebuli masalis

SedarebiTi analizi;

• specialurad SemuSavebuli kiTxvaris saSualebiT studentTa

gamokiTxva da miRebuli Sedegebis analizi;

• specialurad SemuSavebuli kiTxvaris saSualebiT eqspertTa

gamokiTxva da miRebuli Sedegebis analizi.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebi da mecnieruli siaxle

naSromSi pirvelad aris mocemuli arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis swavlebis meTodologiis kritikuli analizi

dinamikaSi sxvadasxva qveynebis, maT Soris, saqarTvelos

gamocdilebis safuZvelze. pirvelad saqarTvelos teqnikuri

universitetis arqiteqturis, urbanistikisa da dizainis

fakultetze Catarda kvleva studentTa moTxovnebisa da

saWiroebebis gamosavlenad. sistematizirebulia is midgomebi,

5

romelic aucilebelia arqiteqturuli propedevtikis swavlebis

Tanamedrove adekvaturi meTodologiis SesamuSaveblad:

• arqiteqturuli procesis daufleba efeqtiani iqneba, Tu

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis meTodologia SemuSavdeba

mecnierulad da masSi aisaxeba pedagogikis, fsiqologiis,

qmedebis Teoriis, kulturologiis da sxva mecnierebebis

monacemebi;

• saswavlo meTodologia iqneba Sedegiani, Tu is dasawyisSive

gaiTvaliswinebs arqiteqturuli kompoziciis formirebis

zogad cnebebs da kanonzomierebebs, swavlebis sagnad iqceva

Sejamebuli gamocdileba, romelic saerTo principebiTa da

kategoriebiT gamoxatavs mTavars;

• pirvelobas unda vaniWebdeT swavlebis im meTodebs,

romlebic mimarTulia ara moswavleTa mexsierebis

datvirTvaze mza codniT, aramed meTodis formirebas,

romelic kerZo movlenebis mTeli sistemis damoukidebeli

asaxvis saSualebas iZleva. aqedan gamomdinare informaciis

moculobis Seumcireblad SesaZlebelia saswavlo masalis

Semcireba da swavlebis xarisxis amaRleba;

• moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciisa da arqiteqturuli

daproeqtebis kavSiris arseboba ganapirobebs maTi

paralelurad swavlebis aucileblobas da mniSvnelobas;

• dadginda, rom arqiteqturuli saswavlo procesis

propedevtikuli sqema gamomdinareobs ganviTarebadi

swavlebis pedagogiuri Teoriis Sinaarsidan da moculobiT-

sivrciTi kompozicia aris mniSvnelovani instrumenti

pirovnebis aucilebeli profesiuli monacemebis da

kulturis formirebisaTvis. aqedan gamodinareobs

upiratesoba meTodisa, romelic mimarTulia profesiuli

azrovnebis erTianobisken, kerZosgan saerTosken

(asociaciur-fsiqologiuri swavlebis Teoria);

6

• swavlebis kompiuteruli formis SemosvlasTan dakavSirebiT

arqiteqturulma skolam aucileblad unda upasuxos axal

realobas arqiteqturuli Semoqmedebis meTodologiaSi, rac

moiTxovs axali ideebis Ziebas ganaTlebis sawyisi ciklis

organizebaSi;

• Catarebuli kvlevis safuZvelze pirvelad dadginda, rom

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis, rogorc arqiteqturul-

mxatvruli formaTwarmoqmnis sawyisi skolis Sinaarsi

Seicavs Teoriuli debulebebis adaptirebul bloks,

romelic Seesabameba formaTwarmoqmnis paradigmas

arqiteqturaSi. igi Seicavs gansakuTrebul didaqtikur

masalas SemoqmedebiTi praqtikumisTvis ganyenebuli

kompoziciuri amocanebis saxiT da warmoadgens axal sityvas

momavali arqiteqtorebis profesiul-mxatvrul momzadebaSi;

• saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis,

urbanistikisa da dizainis fakultetze Catarebuli

gamokiTxvis saSualebiT gamovlinda studentTa saWiroebebi

da moTxovnebi saswavlo meTodologiaSi Sesatani

cvlilebebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac

gaaumjobesebs swavlebis xarisxs da ufro adekvaturs

gaxdis saswavlo programas;

• gamokiTxul eqspert-pedagogTa azriT moculobiT-sivrciTi

kompoziciis codna exmareba studentebs SemdgmoSi

maprofilirebeli sagnebis aTvisebaSi (gegmareba, dizaini,

konstruqciebi da a.S.);

• naSromSi pirvelad iqna naCvenebi, rom swavlebis procesSi

gamoyenebuli originaluri savarjiSoebi studentTaTvis

misaRebia, magram mTlianad savarjiSoebis sistema moiTxovs

srulyofas da ganaxlebas. aqedan gamomdinare,

mizanSewonilia savarjiSoebis Sinaarsis ganaxleba

Tanamedrove tendenciebisa da meTodebis CarTviT, rac ufro

sainteresos gaxdis saswavlo process, ganaviTarebs da

gamoavlens studentebis individualobas.

7

Sedegebis gamoyenebis sfero

Sedegebis gamoyenebis sferos warmoadgens arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis swavlebis meTodologia. kerZod, misi daxvewa

naSromis daskvnebis safuZvelze, raSic igulisxmeba:

• originaluri meTodebis adre arsebul SerCeul meTodebTan

integraciis safuZvelze moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis

swavlebis adekvaturi meTodologiis SemuSaveba, rac

safuZvlad daedeba fsiqologebis mier Sefasebul, efeqtian,

studentebisaTvis misaReb saswavlo programas. es xels

Seuwyobs studentebSi Tavisufali da Tanamedrove

azrovnebis Camoyalibebas da profesiul ganviTarebas;

• moZiebuli literaturis da pilotirebis Sedegebis analizis

safuZvelze gamokveTili arqiteqturuli kompoziciis

swavlebis mniSvnelobis da aucileblobis gaTvaliswineba

arqiteqturis, qalaqgegmarebis, dizainis, interieris

studentebis srulfasovan specialistebad Camosayalibeblad.

amasTan, am specialobebSi studentebis momzadebisaTvis

specifiuri da gansxvavebuli programebis miwodebis

aucileblobaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba;

• Tanamedrove arqiteqturasa da samSeneblo sferoSi axali

samSeneblo masalebis Semosvlis fonze, xasiaTis, ferisa da

faqturis mixedviT maTi saSualebebis gamovlenis mizniT da

masalis specifikis CvenebiT Sesabamisi axali mocemulobebis

Seqmnis mizanSewonilobis gaTvaliswineba;

• moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis swavlebaSi kompiuteruli

teqnologiebis integrirebis SesaZleblobis da efeqtianobis

gaTvaliswinebiT swavlebis Sesabamisi meTodologiis

SemuSavebis aucileblobaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba.

8

cnobebi disertaciis moculobisa da struqturis Sesaxeb

disertacia warmodgenilia 154 nabeWd gverdze, Sedgeba

Semdegi ZiriTadi Tavebisagan: Sesavali (5 qveTavi - naSromis

aqtualoba, kvlevis mizani da amocanebi, kvlevis obieqti da

meTodebi, naSromis mecnieruli siaxle, Sedegebis gamoyenebis

sfero), literaturis mimoxilva, naSromis Sedegebi (Sedgeba 8

qveTavisgan), Sedegebis gansja, daskvnebi (daskvnebi da

rekomendaciebi). naSromSi mocemulia 36 ilustracia da 19

diagrama. gamoyenebuli literaturis nusxa moicavs 83 wyaros.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebi Tavebis mixedviT

disertaciis TavSi “literaturis mimoxilva” istoriul

aspeqtSi ganxilulia sxvadasxva qveyanaSi arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis swavlebis meTodologiebi.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis pirvel qveTavSi mocemulia

“XX saukunis meore naxevarSi ucxoeTis arqiteqturul skolebSi

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis formirebis tendenciebis analizi”.

Ddadginda, rom mTlianobaSi arqiteqturuli propedevtikis

mravali konkretuli programa atarebs mkveTrad gamokveTil

saavtoro xasiaTs da dakavSirebulia wamyvani arqiteqtorebis

saxelebTan

fineTSi, helsinkis umaRlesi teqnikuri skolis arqiteqturis

fakultetze XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi profesorma a.

ruusuvuorim SeimuSava arqiteqturuli propedevtikis kargad

cnobili kursi, romelic miznad isaxavs xelovnebis swavlebis

miaxlovebas zust mecnierebasTan. praqtikuli momzadebis mTavari

mizania sivrcis mniSvnelobisa da rolis axsna studentebisaTvis.

savarjiSoebSi mniSvnelovania gadasvla abstraqciidan

konkretulze.

belgiis turnes arqiteqturis umaRlesi skolis sawyisi

ganaTlebis programis erT-erTi avtori floran sori Tvlis,

rom misi programa aris gza studentis vizualuri niWis

9

ganviTarebisken; meTodi aswavlis arqiteqturuli plastikis

xedvas da arqiteqturuli azrovnebis sinTezs.

Sveicariis ciurixis federaluri politeqnikuri skolis

arqiteqturis ganyofilebis programa mimarTulia sistematuri

swavlebiT sivrciTi azrovnebis miRwevisken. Aavtorebi xazs

usvamen studentebSi pirvel rigSi SegrZnebiTi azrovnebis

gamocdilebis ganviTarebas. didi yuradReba eTmoba kompoziciis

gamomsaxvelobas.

SvedeTis arqiteqturuli skolebi swavlebis dawyebiT

etapze farTod iyeneben kompoziciuri momzadebis meTodebs

ganyenebul masalaze. ganixileba kompoziciis plastiuri da

sivrciTi faqtorebi, iyeneben savarjiSoebs, romlebic aviTareben

studentis kombinatorikul azrovnebas. arsebobs mcdeloba

feradi kompoziciis ganxilvisa moculobiT–sivrciT

kompoziciasTan erTad, rac exmianeba qarTuli skolis

gamocdilebas.

rigi dasavluri skolebisaTvis (magaliTad CexeTi,

slovakeTi, norvegia da sxva) damaxasiaTebelia formaTwarmoqmnis

kanonzomierebebis Seswavlis organizeba konstruqtorul

logikasTan kavSirSi. aseTi meToduri midgoma qmnis pirobebs

studentebis sivrciTi warmosaxvis Cvevebisa da SemoqmedebiTi

fantaziis aqtiuri varjiSisTvis.

slovakeTSi, brnos arqiteqturul skolaSi pirvel rigSi

aqcenti keTdeba sivrciTi azrovnebis ganviTarebis mizanze da

Tanamedrove arqiteqturaSi sivrciTi faqtoris gacnobierebaze.

aseve aucilebelad iTvleba feris gamoyeneba.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi germaniaSi arqiteqturuli

propedevtikis safuZvlebi Camoyalibda bauhauzis skolaSi.

germanuli arqiteqturuli skolebis umravlesoba sawyis

ganaTlebas axorcielebs meTodebiT, romlebSic CarTulia

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis ideebi, eyrdnoba arqiteqturuli

formebis elementebis kompoziciur da formalur analitikur

kvlevas. qalaq karlsrues skolis kompoziciis safuZvlebis

10

kursis programaSi, romlis xelmZRvanelia prof. lederbogeni

(karlsrues universiteti, arqiteqturis fakulteti), Uupirveles

miznad iTvleba studentis yuradRebis orientireba

arqiteqturuli formis sivrciT faqtorebze. yoveli Temis

damuSaveba xdeba Teoriuli masalis miwodebiT kompoziciuri

praqtikumis paralelurad.

vaimaris arqiteqturuli skolis Ppropedevtikuli kursis

SeqmnaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis profesor kiuns – profesiiT

moqandakes. misi xelmZRvanelobis periodSi kompozicia

iswavleboda ara arqiteqturis, aramed “samSeneblo plastikis”

kaTedraze. ar iswavleboda Teoria. savarjiSoebis

umravlesobaSi kompoziciebSi aqtiurad iyenebdnen fers, rac

Zalian mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia.

80-iani wlebis dasawyisisTvis vaimarSi profesor kurt

rimeris ZalisxmeviT Seiqmna sxva mniSvnelovani da meTodurad

kargad damuSavebuli propedevtikuli kursi.

drezdenSi (samSeneblo institutis arqiteqturis

fakulteti) propedevtikuli kursi dakavSirebulia profesor

iustis saxelTan. orwliani praqtikumi, efuZneba kargad

damuSavebul Teoriul masalas, romelic asaxulia saswavlo

saxelmZRvaneloSi. is aerTianebs bauhauzis, ВХУТЕМАС-isa

(Высшие художественно-технические мастерские) da msgavsi Tanamedrove

kursebis cnobil da sasargeblo gamocdilebas.

poloneTi (krakovis samxatvro akademia, interierebis

arqiteqturis fakulteti. profesor anton xaskis saxelosno)

anton xaski kargad aris cnobili dizainis wreebSi, pirvel

rigSi sakuTari mxatvruli propedevtikis sistemiT. misi

programa mTlianad praqtikul xasiaTs atarebs da umTavresad

mimarTulia SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis ganviTarebaze.

varSavis samxatvro akademiaSi iyenebdnen sawyisi

kompoziciuri momzadebis originalur programas, romelic

SemuSavebuli iyo cnobili profesoris oskar hansenis mier.

Pprogramis mizania – aswavlos studentebs mxatruli xedva,

11

formaTwarmoqmnis principebi da vizualuri

kanonebi.Kkompoziciuri amocanebis Temebi ganawilebulia maTi

mzardi sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa oslos (norvegia) arqiteqturuli

skolis praqtika. rigi modelebis Sesruleba xdeba naturalur

zomaSi. norvegiuli studia wyvets formaTwarmoqmnis amocanebs

konkretul masalebTan kavSirSi, rac Zalian exmareba studentebs

teqtonikis SeswavlaSi. Ddamokidebuleba “forma – konstruqcia –

masala” mkveTrad vlindeba da xdeba TvalsaCino.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis meore qveTavSi mocemulia

“ladovski-krinskis formalur-kompoziciuri skolis samecniero-

meToduri ideebis ganviTareba ruseTSi”.

me-20 saukunis 60-ian wlebSi sabWoTa arqiteqturul skolaSi

iwyeba axali Zlieri etapi propedevtikuli modelis

ganviTarebaSi. kursis aRorZinebaSi gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa

profesor v. krinskis da misi kolegebis m. turkusis da i.

lamcovis ideebma, romlebic aqtiurad moRvaweobdnen jer kidev

ВХУТЕМАС-is periodSi. v. krinski amtkicebda, rom moculobiT–

sivrciTi kompoziciis kursis kavSirs arqiteqturul

gegmarebasTan aqvs principuli meToduri mniSvneloba. M mTavari

mimarTuleba rCeboda ladovski – krinskis skolis koncefciis,

anu racionaluri formaTwarmoqmnis farglebSi, romelic

iTvaliswinebda aRqmis fsiqo-fiziologiur aspeqts.

arqiteqturuli propedevtika viTardeboda meTodologiurad da

Teoriulad “sivrcis” kategoriis mimarTulebiT.

ruseTis mravali regionaluri arqiteqturuli skola ar

kmayofildeboda standartuli programebiT, romlebsac maT

sTavazobda МАРХИ (Московский архитектурный институт) da aqtiurad

aviTarebda arqiteqturuli propedevtikis sakuTar variantebs,

magaliTad: sverdlovskis arqiteqturis instituti (profesori

a.korotkovski), samaris arqiteqturuli skola (profesori s.

malaxovi), yazanis arqiteqturis skola (a. dembiCi).

12

SeuZlebelia ucxoeTis qveynebis gamocdilebis srulad

warmodgena programebis saxiT, vinaidan isini mTel rig

qveynebSi TiTqmis ar qveyndeba.

XX saukuneSi arqiteqturuli skolis praqtikam aCvena, rom

propedevtikuli midgoma iyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani da

gavleniani meToduri TvalsazrisiT.

arqiteqturuli mxatvruli kompoziciis Tanamedrove skola

SeiZleba daxasiaTebuli iyos, rogorc XX saukunis

arqiteqturuli ganaTlebis sistemis novatoruli movlena,

romelic iyo social-kulturuli progresisa da xelovnebis

evoluciis Sedegi. is aris aRiarebuli da aprobirebuli

samecniero-pedagogiuri koncefcia, romelic efeqtianad wyvets

sabaziso profesiuli gamocdilebis aTvisebis amocanas.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovilia arqiteqturuli

propedevtikis funqcionirebis warmatebuli meToduri mignebebis

mTeli arsenali, romlebic dakavSirebulia maTi Semqmnelebis

saxelebTan.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis mesame qveTavSi mocemulia

“arqiteqturuli kompoziciis swavlebis meTodologia

saqarTveloSi”. me-20 saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos

politeqnikuri institutis arqiteqturis fakultetze dafuZnda

disciplina “arqiteqturuli kompozicia”. germaniisa da ruseTis

samxatvro skolebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, qarTulma

arqiteqturulma skolam moZebna momavali xuroTmoZRvrebis

kompoziciuri momzadebis gansxvavebuli gza.

1989 wels gamoica kompoziciis safuZvlebis Semecnebis

meTodikis amsaxveli da profesiul wreebSi kargad cnobili

saxelmZRvanelo “arqiteqturuli kompoziciis Sesavali”

(Tbilisi, “ganaTleba” 1988-89w. qarTul da rusul enaze), romlis

avtori iyo profesori eTer fifia.

aRniSnuli meTodika warmoadgens mkafiod moqmed,

ganviTarebul sistemas, romelsac arqiteqturul saswavleblebSi

ar moepoveba pirdapiri analogebi. swavlebis Tanmimdevroba

13

mimarTulia praqtikidan Teoriisaken, praqtikuli davalebebidan

– Teoriuli cnebebis ganzogadebisaken. davalebebs Soris

damyarebulia urTierTkavSiri da Tanmimdevroba: yoveli

Semdgomi gamomdinareobs winasagan. meTodikis mTlianoba

miRebulia davalebebis seriiT martividan – rTulisaken da

damasrulebeli arqiteqturuli eskizebisa da improviziaciisaken.

Teoria mocemulia ara izolirebulad, aramed rogorc

kompoziciis avtoriseuli eqsperimentuli Seswavlis erTiani

procesis nawili. meTodika iTvaliswinebs aucilebel

ganviTarebas abstraqciidan – realobisaken da gasvlas

arqiteqturul dagegmarebaze, dizainze, konstruqciebze, rac mas

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs.

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis,

urbanistikisa da dizainis fakultetze Cvens mier grZeldeba

Ziebebi arqiteqturuli kompoziciis Seswavlis meTodikasTan

dakavSirebiT. Cven vTavazobT studentebs axali tipis

davalebebsa da savarjiSoebs, vinaidan vTvliT, rom mxolod

eqsperimentuli davalebebi da Semdgom maTi monitoringi iZleva

arqiteqturuli kompoziciis swavlebis meTodikis gaumjobesebisa

da daxvewis saSualebas.

1995–99 wlebSi Cvens mier SeTavazebuli iyo savarjiSoebisa

da davalebebis jgufi, romelic, sasargeblo iyo formisa da

feris struqturis Secnobis da aseve feris saSualebiT

kompoziciis gawonasworebisaTvis. Ees savarjiSoebi did interess

iwvevda studentebSi da amdenad, migvaCnia, rom sasurvelia maTi

CarTva saswavlo programaSi, miTumetes, rom Cvens mier

Catarebuli gamokiTxvidan Cans studentebis survili am

programis axali savarjiSoebiT gamdidrebisa.

amgvarad, Catarebuli mimoxilviT da masalis analiziT

SesaZlebeli gaxda kompoziciuri praqtikumis mravali

saintereso xerxis, teqnikis aRmoCena Eda maTi efeqturobis

Sefaseba. am informaciam Seavso Cveni warmodgenebi

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis SesaZleblobebze. amasTan,

14

meTodologiuri safuZvlebi, deklarirebuli pedagog-

arqiteqtorebis mier (floran sori, ruusuvori, lederbogeni da

a.S) metad mniSvnelovania. ВХУТЕМАС-isa da bauhauzis

damajerebeli gamocdilebis safuZvelze misi mizanSewoniloba

cxadi gaxda praqtikulad msoflios yvela arqiteqturuli

skolisTvis.

rogorc ucxouri, aseve Cveni gamocdileba kidev erTxel

miuTiTebs arqiteqturuli propedevtikis, rogorc pedagogiuri

instrumentis mniSvnelobaze, romelmac uzrunvelyo

arqiteqtorTa ramdenime Taobis warmatebuli momzadeba.

amgvarad, SeiZleba gamoiyos arqiteqturuli propedevtikis

formirebis sami etapi, romlebic dakavSirebulia: socialur-

ekonomikur da politikur pirobebTan, samecniero-teqnikur

progresTan, vizualuri xelovnebis sferos ganviTarebis Sida

tendenciebTan da pedagogiuri azris ganviTarebasTan.

1. pirveli etapi gulisxmobsAakademiuri skolis kriziss da

misgan gamosvlis xerxebis povnas (p. berensi, duseldorfis

gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis skola; van de velde. vaimaris

gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis skola). bauhauzisa da ВХУТЕМАС-is

novatoruli etapi, laboratoriul-eqsperimentaluri

moRvaweoba, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara arqiteqturuli

propedevtikis universalur midgomas;

2. ВХУТЕМАС-is struqturaSi moxda programuli debulebebis

gamtkiceba da arqiteqturuli propedevtikis gamoyofa

disciplinaSi “sivrce.”

3. XX saukunis meore naxevari bauhauzisa da ВХУТЕМАС- is

tradiciebis safuZvelze propedevtikis ideebis aqtiuri

ganviTareba, rogorc Eempiriuli gamocdilebis samecniero-

Teoriuli aucilebeli uzrunvelyofis etapi.

sabWoTa kavSiris arqiteqturul skolebSi, Cndeba

TviTmyofadi regionuli skolebi da pedagogiuri koleqtivebi,

xolo arqiteqturuli propedevtikis empiriuli gamocdilebis

15

periodizacia da analizi yvela etapisTvis misi ZiriTadi

meToduri principebis formulirebis saSualebas iZleva:

• kompoziciuri kanonzomierebebis formalizeba

(obieqtivizacia) kompoziciur-SemoqmedebiTi mimarTeba

mxatvruli saSualebebis aTvisebisas;

• swavlebis Sinaarsis dayrdnoba axali mxatvruli

saSualebebis sistemaze, romelic dafuZnebulia moculobiT

_sivrciT formebze, sqemebze da maTi kombinaciebis xerxebze;

• mkveTri gansxvaveba ganaTlebis miznebs Soris (qmedebis

profesiuli saSualebebis da meTodebis formirebisken

swrafva) da profesiuli SesaZleblobebis formireba

(sivrciTi azrovneba, moculobiT sivrciTi formebis

xarisxis mimarT mgrZnobeloba, kombinatorikuli Cvevebi da

a.S.).

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis meoTxe qveTavSi “moculobiT-

sivrciTi kompoziciis kavSiri arqiteqturul daproeqtebasTan,

rogorc meTodologiuri problema” warmodgenilia principuli

meToduri mniSvneloba moculobiT–sivrciTi kompoziciis kursis

kavSirisa arqiteqturul gegmarebasTan. centraluri problema,

romlis garSemo fokusirdeba yuradReba da iSleba kamaTi, es

aris arqiteqturuli propedevtikisa, arqiteqturuli kompoziciis

da daproeqtebis meTodologiuri kavSiri.

propedevtikuli koncefciis liderebi strategiuli da

taqtikuri amocanebis gadawyvetisas yovelTvis aqcevdnen

yuradRebas moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciasa da proeqts Soris

kavSirs. arsebobs sxvadasxva mosazreba am problemis

gadasawyvetad: zogi Tvlis rom unda xdebodes gamWoli

kompoziciur-mxatvruli momzadeba (i. bogomolovi, penzis

sainJinro-samSeneblo instituti), zogi ki fiqrobs, rom rodesac

students daproeqtebis dros praqtikulad uxdeba funqciuri da

konstruqciuli amocanebis gadawyveta, aqedan gamosavals

warmoadgens wina saproeqto propedevtikuli savarjiSoebis

sistemis Seqmna konstruqciul-teqtonikuri, funqciuri da

16

social-kulturuli aspeqtebiT (v. moori, vladivostokis

politeqnikuri instituti).

iTvleba, rom vizualuri azrovneba aris profesiuli

azrovnebis formirebis safuZveli, magram ar iZleva saproeqto

qmedebaze pirdapiri gadasvlis saSualebas (profesori l. marci

ВНИИТЭ - Всероссийский научно-исслдовательский институт технической

эстетики).

МАРХИ–s profesori i. anisimova ki miiCnevs, rom

arqiteqturuli daproeqteba unda iwyebodes pirvelive kursidan

moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis da arqiteqturuli praqtikis

Seswavlis paralelurad. i. anisimovas eqsperimentul programaSi

gansakuTebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba saswavlo programis

dasawyisSi arqiteqturuli proeqtis CarTvas, praqtikulad

pirvelive semestrSi. ruseTSi, МАРХИ–s moculobiT-sivrciTi

da proeqtirebis departamentis gamocdileba efuZneba

moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis kursis da konkretuli

saproeqto davalebebis gavlis paralelur princips (d.

melodinski). swored disciplinis swavlebis etapobrivobaSi

yvelaze metad vlindeba sirTuleebi. amas emateba saorganizacio

faqtori, vinaidan am etapze xdeba pedagogebis cvla, rac

arTulebs profesiuli Cvevebis ganviTarebis erTiani meToduri

xazis gatarebas.

moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis kavSiri arqiteqturul

propedevtikasTan da misi warmodgena, rogorc ZiriTadi

SemoqmedebiTi amocanis gadawyvetis formis da meTodisa, aris

upirvelesi motivacia pedagogikisTvis.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis mexuTe qveTavi “arqiteqturuli

propedevtika da kompiuterizacia” eZRvnebaKkompiuteruli

teqnologiebis rols da mniSvnelobas arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis swavlebis procesSi.

dRes, arqtiteqturul praqtikaSi Tanamedrove kompiuteruli

teqnologiebis gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebiT xdeba seriozuli

cvlilebebi. axali vizualuri ena axali saproeqto azrovnebis

17

formad iqceva. skola aucileblad unda pasuxobdes axal

situacias meTodologiaSi. es moiTxovs axali ideebis Ziebas

ganaTlebis sawyisi ciklis organizebaSi, arqiteqturul

propedevtikaSi. Cvenis azriT, axali drois arqiteqturis

formaTwarmoqmnis principebi ZiriTadad darCeba ucvleli, magram

misi amocanebis gadawyvetis xerxebi aucileblad Seicvleba

kompiuteruli miRwevebis CarTvis saSualebiT. kompiuteri

ZiriTadad cvlis SemoqmedebiTi Ziebis samaketo formas da

saproeqto gamosaxulebis xerxs.

fsiqo-meTodur aspeqtSi aq Cndeba ori problema - pirveli

dakavSirebulia xeliT modelirebisaTvis gamoyofili drois

SemcirebasTan. meore problema dakavSirebulia arqiteqturuli

formis kompiuteruli xerxiT asaxvis siaxlesTan. kompiuterul

manipulirebas aqvs didi prioriteti – siCqare. optimalur

gadawyvetas warmoadgens kompromisi xeliT modelirebasa da

kompiuterul modelirebas Soris.

arqiteqturuli dagegmarebis safuZvlebis tradiciulad

ganmsazRvreli disciplinebis integraciis sakiTxi Tanamedrove

gamowvevebisa da informaciul_teqnologiuri SesaZleblobis

Sesabamisi paradigmis safuZvelze aqtualuria da saTanado

ganxilvas moiTxovs. kompiuteruli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba

kompoziciis swavlebisas specifikur midgomas saWiroebs.

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis,

urbanistikisa da dizainis fakultetze kompiuteruli swavlebis

sferos ZiriTadad arqiteqtorebi kurireben, rac uzrunvelyofs

dargis specifikis srulad gamovlenas da momijnave dargebis

mimarTAinterdisciplinaruli principis realizacias.

saerTo teqnikur da informaciul-teqnologiur bazasTan

erTad sxvadasxva disciplinebis integracia unda moxdes

gamaerTianebeli meTodologiuri principiT, intuiciuri da

SemoqmedebiTi fenomenis gaTvaliswinebiT. dReisaTvis problemas

warmoadgens is, Tu rogor unda damyardes kavSiri or kurss

Soris: “arqiteqturuli kompozicia” da “arqiteqturuli

18

informatika da kompiuteruli dagegmareba” da Dramdenad

SeiZleba maTi Serwyma.

buneba geometriuli gardaqmnebiT urTierTobs CvenTan.

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom Cad sistemebis meTodologiuri

safuZvlebi aris geometriuli gardaqmnebi.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis meeqvse qveTavSi ganxilulia

“arqiteqturuli propedevtikis fsiqo-pedagogiuri safuZvlebi”.

es Tema gamovida pirvel planze mxolod arqiteqturuli

propedevtikis ganviTarebis mesame etapze, XX saukunis meore

naxevarSi. gairkva, rom pedagogikis da fsiqologiis debulebebis

gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia, vinaidan isini exeba kulturis

translacias, pirovnebis fsiqiuri Tvisebebis procesebis

daxvewas, aRmzrdelebisa da aRsazrdelebis urTierTobebis

kanonzomierebebs.

saproeqto gamocdilebis miRebis procesi SeiZleba

mimdinareobdes sxvadasxvanairad. erT-erTi SesaZlo gza aris

stiqiuri. adamiani eziareba vizualur kulturas intuiciurad,

misi Sida kanonzomierebebis Seucnoblad. sxva principulad

gansxvavebuli gza aris kompoziciis profesiuli swavleba.

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis meTodika, unda muSavdebodes

mecnierulad da yalibdebodes Teoriul-meTodur koncefciaSi.

masSi unda aisaxebodes momijnave mecnierebebis monacemebi:

pedagogikis, fsiqologiis, qmedebis Teoriis, kulturologiis da

sxva. arqiteqturis dauflebisas pirveloba unda eniWebodes

swavlebis im meTodebs, romlebic iTvaliswineben mis sistemur –

kompoziciur erTianobas, irCeven im saswavlo masalas, romelic

ubiZgebs arqiteqturuli moRvaweobis mTlianobis gaazrebisken.

aseT meTodad upirobod gvevlineba arqiteqturuli daproeqteba.

arqiteqturis swavlebis logika unda viTardebodes ara

davalebebis funqcionaluri garTulebebis, aramed arqiteqturaze

sistemuri warmodgenis gaRrmavebis gziT, misi kompoziciuri

Sinaarsis gaxsniT, harmoniisa da erTianobis esTetikuri

19

principebis, formebis vizualuri balansis, riTmuli agebebis,

sivrcul – plastiuri Tvisebebis gamoxatviT.

pedagogikaSi cnobilia swavlebis meTodebis zogierTi

saerTo midgoma, romelic eyrdnoba fsiqologiur Teoriebs (mag.

swavlebis asociaciuri Teoria, pirobiTi – refleqtoruli,

niSnobrivi), dRes mTlianobaSi ar akmayofilebs drois

moTxovnebs, magram XX saukunis me-2 naxevarSi ufro did

avtoritets iZens ganviTarebadi swavlebis Teoria.

Cvens saukuneSi, pirvelobas unda vaniWebdeT swavlebis im

meTodebs, romlebic mimarTulia ara moswavleTa mexsierebis

datvirTvaze mza codniT, aramed meTodis formirebas, romelic

kerZo movlenebis mTeli sistemis damoukidebeli asaxvis

saSualebas iZleva. swavlebis am models uwodeben “azrovnebis

skola”-s, gansxvavebiT “mexsierebis skola”-sgan. am meToduri

sistemis ideebis Tanaxmad xdeba sxvadasxva disciplinebis

Seswavlis axleburi organizeba: maTematika, geografia, biologia

da sxva, romlebic sistemuri obieqtebis codnis wres qmnian.

moculobiT – sivrciTi kompozicia SeiZleba ganixilebodes,

rogorc umniSvnelovanesi instrumenti, pirovnebis aucilebeli

profesiuli monacemebis da kulturis formirebisaTvis. Aaqedan

gamomdinareobs upirobo upiratesobebi meTodis, romelic

mimarTulia profesiuli azrovnebis erTianobisken erTxazovani

swavlebis meTodTan.

Uupiratesoba unda eniWebodes im meTodebs, romlebic

exmianebian dros, Seesabamebian dialeqtikuri azrovnebis

formebs, romlebic Cadebulia nebismieri Semoqmedebis, maT Soris

mxatvrulis safuZvelSi.

Mmetad mniSvnelovania swavlebis meTodologiis koreqtireba

studentTa Sefasebebidan gamomdinare, swavlebis kursis

saWiroebebis, formis da Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis meSvide qveTavSi “studentTa da

eqspert-pedagogTa mier arqiteqturuli kompoziciis swavlebis

Sefaseba specialurad Sedgenili kiTxvarebis saSualebiT”

20

mocemulia saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis,

urbanistikisa da dizainis fakultetis studentebis

moTxovnebisa da saWiroebebis Sefaseba specialurad

SemuSavebuli kiTxvarebis saSualebiT. kvlevebSi monawileoba

miiRes 137–ma mesame da meoTxe kursis studentma da magistrma da

49 eqspert-pedagogma. niSandoblivia, rom gamokiTxul studentTa

ZiriTadi umravlesoba miiCnevs aucileblad arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis swavlebas arqiteqturis, urbanistikisa da dizainis

fakultetze pirvel da meore kursebze 4 semestris ganmavlobaSi.

gamokiTxulTa studentTa ZiriTadi umravlesoba Tanxmdeba

imaSi, rom yvela savarjiSo, romelic maT gaires arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis swavlebis dros, maTTvis sasargeblo iyo.

studentebis azriT, kompoziciis praqtikumis paralelurad

arqiteqturuli kompoziciis Teoriuli kursis gavla aris

saWiro. dadebiT movlenad unda miviCnioT is faqti, rom

gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba aucileblad Tvlis arqiteqturul-

mxatvruli mimdinareobebis codnas, respodentTa ZiriTadi

umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom maT davalebis SesrulebaSi

daexmarebaT samxatvro masalis teqnikuri saSualebebis floba

(akvareli, guaSi) da ferTa Teoriis codna. 90–ani wlebis bolos

4 wlis manZilze eqsperimentis saxiT, saqarTvelos teqnikur

universitetSi arqiteqturis fakultetze Cvens mier iyo

SemoTavazebuli savarjiSoebis kursi zustad am Cvevebis

gansaviTareblad. rogorc Cans am tipis savarjiSoebis kvlav

CarTva davalebis saxiT samomavlod mizanSewonili iqneba

swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT.

respodentTa umravlesobas aucileblad miaCnia siaxleebisa

da cvlilebebis Setana swavlebis meTodologiaSi, aseve

savarjiSoebis SinaarsSi _ axali savarjiSoebis damateba,

savarjiSoebis raodenobis gazrda semestris ganmavlobaSi.

sainteresoa gamokiTxulTa azri kompiuteruli

teqnologiebis gamoyenebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. respondentTa

ZiriTadi umravlesoba Tvlis, rom arqiteqturuli kompoziciis

21

kursis gavla mniSvnelovania maTi profesiuli

CamoyalibebisaTvis da daexmara Semdgom kursebze

arqiteqturuli proeqtebis SesrulebaSi.

CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo studentTa mier

savarjiSos “arqiteqturuli versia” Sefaseba, imis gamo, rom is

aris originaluri, SemoTavazebulia Cvens mier da gamoiyeneba

swavlebis procesSi bolo 10 weliwadia.Aamdenad, sasiamovno

aRmoCnda studentTa didi nawilis mier gamoxatuli azri,

romelTac gansakuTrebiT sasargeblod da sainteresod miiCnies

swored es davaleba, rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom am savarjiSoebis

gamoyeneba SemdgomSic mizanSewonili iqneba.

gamokiTxvis Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis

fakultetze arqiteqturuli kompoziciis swavlebis

meTodologia ZiriTadad Tanxvdeba msoflioSi damkvidrebul

praqtikas da rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, studentTa

azriT am sagnis swavleba maTTvis saWiro da sasargebloa, xolo

swavlebis principebi - misaRebi. amasTan, momavalSi swavlebis

meTodologiis Semdgom daxvewaSi uTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia

studentTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu

rogori cvlilebebi unda ganxorcieldes am mimarTulebiT.

metad mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom eqspert-pedagogTa 96%

Tvlis, rom arqiteqturuli kompoziciis swavleba uadvilebT

pedagogebs da exmareba studentebs Semdgom kursebze sxvadasxva

maprofilirebeli disciplinebis aTvisebaSi.

Yyovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom arqiteqturuli propedevtikis, rogorc

arqiteqturul-mxatvruli formaTwarmoqmnis sawyisi skolis

Sinaarsi Seicavs Teoriuli debulebebis adaptirebul bloks,

romelic Seesabameba formaTwarmoqmnis paradigmas

arqiteqturaSi. igi Seicavs gansakuTrebul didaqtikur masalas

SemoqmedebiTi praqtikumisTvis ganyenebuli kompoziciuri

22

amocanebis saxiT da warmoadgens axal sityvas momavali

arqiteqtorebis profesiul-mxatvrul momzadebaSi.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebis merve qveTavSi “arqiteqturuli

propedevtikis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi” moyvanilia

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi,

romelebic emyareba ganxiluli meTodologiebis kritikul

analizs, studentTa moTxovnebs, arsebul siaxleebsa da

tendenciebs arqiteqturaSi.

Mmosalodnelia, romAarqiteqturis Sinaarsi da masTan erTad

arqiteqturuli moRvaweobis meTodologia dinamikaSi SeiZleba

Seicvalos samecniero miRwevebis swraf ganviTarebasTan erTad.

dRes ukve eWvgareSea, rom arqiteqturuli skola Sevida XXI

saukuneSi arqiteqturis sawyisi profesiuli ganaTlebis mTeli

arsenaliT, romelic moicavs aRmoCenebs arqiteqturul

propedevtikaSi Dda ra saxec ar unda miiRos axalma

arqiteqturam, formaTwarmoqmnis misi siRrmiseuli impulsebi

darCeba gamoxatuli propedevtikuli koncefciiT.

Aarqiteqturuli propedevtikis tradiciul farglebSi ki

mosalodnelia didi da patara pedagogiuri aRmoCenebi, vinaidan

misi arsenali jer ar aris amowuruli.

wamyvani arqiteqturuli skolebis gamocdileba metyvelebs

saproeqto procesis ganviTarebis da masSi moculobiT-sivrciTi

kompoziciis masalis paralelurad CarTvis mizanSewonilobaze.

Teoriul aspeqtSi saWiroa moculobiT-sivrciTi

kompoziciis samecniero debulebis garkveva, formaTwarmoqmnis

Teoriis ganviTareba, arqiteqturuli kompoziciis kategoriebis

ganxilva. Aarqiteqturuli propedevtikis interesebSia, rom

axali codna uwyvetad aisaxebodes kompoziciuri praqtikumis

meTodur formebSi, pedagogisa da studentis erTobliv

SemoqmedebaSi.

Tanamedrove arqiteqturis sagnobriv - sivrciTi Sinaarsi

logikurad ganapirobebs axali tipis profesiuli azrovnebis

23

mizandasaxul ganviTarebas. zustad aqaa mosalodneli mravali

aRmoCena.

SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom dRes ar arsebobs meToduri da

Teoriuli erTianoba Temis “formis gamovlena” gagebaSi.Aaq

saWiroa kategoriis “arqiteqturuli formis gamovlena” ufro

Rrma damuSaveba, analizi da am kompoziciuri nawilis

meTodologiuri uzrunvelyofa. aseTive yuradRebas moiTxovs

Tema “teqtonika”. moculobiT formaSi teqtonikuri

damokidebulebebis farTo SesaZleblobebis gacnobierebis

gareSe SeuZlebelia Tanamedrove arqiteqturis mxatvruli

xerxebis mTeli palitris warmodgena. kompiuteruli

teqnologiebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli iqneba garkveuli

Zvrebi da cvlilebebi.

arqiteqturis ganviTarebis yvela etapze Cndeba problemebi,

romlebic moiTxovs mxatruli formaTwarmoqmnis yvela

SesaZleblobis ufro Rrma gaazrebas. Aam aspeqtSi

arqiteqturuli kompoziciis Teoriis sfero aris dausrulebeli

kvlevebis sagani. arqiteqturuli propedevtikis Zireuli ideebis

ganviTarebis uzarmazari sivrce arsebobs. perspeqtivaSi

mosalodnelia uamravi aRmoCena, romelebic dadebiT gavlenas

moaxdens momavali arqiteqtorebis momzadebis efeqturobaze.

naSromis Semdegi Tavi miRebuli Sedegebis gansjas eZRvneba.

daskvnebi

1. XX saukuneSi arqiteqturuli skolis praqtikam aCvena, rom

propedevtikuli midgoma iyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani da

gavleniani meToduri TvalsazrisiT. swored mis farglebSi

iyo realizebuli formalur-analitikuri meTodis

kompoziciuri principebi. arqiteqturul-mxatvruli

kompoziciis Tanamedrove skola SeiZleba daxasiaTebuli iyos,

rogorc XX saukunis arqiteqturuli ganaTlebis sistemis

novatoruli movlena, romelic iyo social-kulturuli

24

progresisa da xelovnebis evoluciis Sedegi. is aris

aRiarebuli da aprobirebuli samecniero-pedagogiuri

koncefcia, romelic efeqtianad wyvets sabaziso profesiuli

gamocdilebis aTvisebis amocanas;

2. Tanamedrove arqiteqturul-mxatvruli kompoziciis skolebis

ganviTarebis kvlevam SesaZlebeli gaxada misi koncefciebis

TviTmyofadobis gamovlena. Tanamedrove arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis skola iseve, rogorc saproeqto praqtika, uars

ambobs tradiciul klasikaze da xasiaTdeba novatoruli

mizanswrafulobiT. am pirobebSi Camoyalibda Tanamedrove

arqiteqturis axali saxe, romelic efuZneba mxatvrul

gamomsaxvelobiT enas. Tanamedrove skolam moculobiT-

sivrciTi kompoziciis formaluri meTodikis gamoyenebiT

gansazRvra aramarto kompoziciis aTvisebis gansxvavebuli

meTodebi, aramed es meTodebi gardaqmna axal masalad,

romelmac pozitiuri gavlena iqonia Tanamedrove

arqiteqturis stilisturi saxis formirebaze. arqiteqturul

skolebSi formaTwarmoqmnis koncefciebis gamoxatvis

Tavisebureba gamoixateba imaSi, rom is metwilad asaxavs ara

logikuri, aramed vizualuri azrovnebis formebs, miznad

isaxavs profesiuli gamocdilebis translacias da

gamovlenas, aris Teoriul-praqtikuli xasiaTis, romelSic

xdeba qmedebebis gamocdilebis koncentracia;

3. arqiteqturuli skolis arqiteqturul-pedagogiuri

koncefciebi, midgomebi da principebi asaxaven mxatvruli

gamocdilebis ama Tu im meTods, ris Sedegadac isini

obieqtur debulebebTan erTad aucileblad iTavseben maT

mimarT subieqtur damokidebulebas, romelic

damaxasiaTebelia Semoqmedi pedagogebisaTvis. amiT aixsneba

koncefciebis simravle, romlebic warmodgenilia wamyvani

pedagogebis saavtoro programebSi da gamoxatulia ama Tu im

saswavleblis pedagogTa koleqtivebis mier;

25

4. gamoyofilia arqiteqturuli propedevtikis formirebis sami

etapi, romlebic dakavSirebulia Semdeg faqtorebTan:

socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri pirobebi, samecniero-

teqnikuri progresi, vizualuri xelovnebis sferos

ganviTarebis Sida tendenciebi, pedagogiuri azris ganviTareba.

propedevtikis empiriuli gamocdilebis periodizacia da

analizi yvela etapisTvis misi ZiriTadi meToduri principebis

formulirebis saSualebas iZleva:

• kompoziciuri kanonzomierebebis formalizeba

(obieqtivizacia) rogorc antiTeza mxatvrul procesSi

SemoqmedebiTi TviTnebobis da subieqtivizmisa;

• kompoziciur-SemoqmedebiTi mimarTeba mxatvruli

saSualebebis aTvisebisas;

• swavlebis Sinaarsis misadageba axali mxatvruli

saSualebebis sistemaze, romelic dafuZnebulia ara

orderul elementebze, aramed moculobiT-sivrciT formebze,

sqemebze da maTi kombinaciebis xerxebze;

• mkveTri gansxvaveba ganaTlebis miznebs Soris (swrafva

Semoqmedebis profesiuli saSualebebis da meTodebis

formirebisken) da profesiuli SesaZleblobebis formireba

specialuri savarjiSoebis gamoyenebiT (sivrciTi azrovneba,

moculobiT-sivrciTi formebis xarisxis mimarT

mgrZnobeloba, kombinatorikuli Cvevebi da a.S);

• konkretuli meToduri gadawyvetebis sisusteebisa da

winaaRmdegobriobebis gamovlena da klasificireba, sadao

momentebis gamoyofa.

5. rogorc ucxouri, aseve saqarTvelos teqnikuri

universitetis…arqiteqturis, urbanistikisa da dizainis

fakultetis gamocdileba …kidev erTxel amtkicebs

arqiteqturuli propedevtikis, rogorc pedagogiuri

instrumentis mniSvnelobas, romelmac uzrunvelyo

arqiteqtorTa ramdenime Taobis warmatebuli momzadeba da

26

romlebic Semoqmedebis aqtiur fazaSi Sevidnen me-20 saukunis

me-2 naxevarSi;

6. moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis kavSiri arqiteqturul

daproeqtebasTan da misi warmodgena, rogorc ZiriTadi

SemoqmedebiTi amocanis gadawyvetis formis da meTodisa, aris

upirvelesi motivacia pedagogisaTvis. arqiteqturuli

propedevtikis CarTva arqiteqturul proeqtirebaSi

xorcieldeba ori mimarTulebiT da misi ZiriTadi mizania

daproeqtebis SemoqmedebiTi meTodis daufleba:

• pirveli uzrunvelyofs profesiuli formalizebuli

saSualebebis potencialis mudmiv gamdidrebas (kompoziciis

kanonebisa da principebis, kategoriebis, ganzogadoebuli

vizualuri saxeebis da a.S.).

• meore mimarTuleba uSualod gardaqmnis moculobiT-

sivrciTi kompoziciis saSualebebs konkretuli saproeqto

situaciis gadawyvetis moqmed meqanizmad da iyenebs

SemoqmedebiT azrovnebaSi mis vizualur formas.

7. swavlebis kompiuteruli forma ukve aqtiurad erTveba

saswavlo daproeqtebis procesSi da misi roli uaxloes

momavalSi kidev ufro gaizrdeba, vinaidan axali vizualuri

ena axal saproeqto azrovnebis formad iqceva. aseT pirobebSi

migvaCnia, rom arqiteqturuli skola aucileblad unda

pasuxobdes axal situacias arqiteqturuli Semoqmedebis

meTodologiaSi. es moiTxovs axali ideebis Ziebas ganaTlebis

sawyisi ciklis organizebaSi, arqiteqturul propedevtikaSi;

8. axali drois arqiteqturis formaTwarmoqmnis principebi

ZiriTadad ar Seicvleba. maTi buneba, romelic gamomdinareobs

adamianis, rogorc aqtiuri subieqtis fsiqo-fiziologiuri

Taviseburebebidan da Cveni samyaros sagnobriv-sivrciTi

materialuri specifikidan, ver ganicdis safuZvlian

transformirebas. arqiteqtura darCeba arqiteqturad, magram

misi amocanebis gadawyvetis xerxebi aucileblad Seicvleba

kompiuteruli miRwevebis CarTvasTan erTad. moculobiT-

27

sivrciTi kompoziciis konkretul meTodikaSi mis didaqtikur

aRWurvaSi, saswavlo procesis organizaciis xerxebSi

eWvgareSea, rom ganxorcieldeba mniSvnelovani novaciebi.

arqiteqturul-kompoziciuri Semoqmedebis mxatvruli

specifikis miuxedavad, sadac subieqtivizmi aris ganuyofeli

atributi, misi swavleba ar SeiZleba eyrdnobodes empirizmzs

da uaryofdes obieqtur safuZvels;

9. arqiteqturuli propedevtikis meTodika, rogorc sxva

nebismieri sagnis, unda muSavdebodes mecnierulad da

yalibdebodes Teoriul-meTodur koncefciaSi. masSi unda

aisaxebodes momijnave mecnierebebis monacemebi: pedagogikis,

fsiqologiis, qmedebis Teoriis, kulturologiis da sxva. Aam

SemTxvevaSi arqiteqturuli profesiis daufleba efeqtiani

iqneba;G

10. gegmazomierad organizebul saswavlo procesSi meTodikas

aqvs upiratesobebi, Tu is dasawyisSive iTvaliswinebs

arqiteqturuli kompoziciis formirebis saerTo cnebebs da

kanonzomierebebs, damaxasiaTebels yvela saproeqto

obieqtisaTvis, aseve maT konkretul funqciur daniSnulebas.

swavlebis sagnad iqceva ara calkeuli erTeulebi, dagrovili

arqiteqturuli gamocdilebidan, aramed Sejamebuli

gamocdileba, romelic gamoxatavs mTavars da mniSvnelovans,

saerTo principebiTa da kategoriebiT;A

11. arqiteqturis dauflebisas pirveloba unda eniWebodes

swavlebis im meTodebs, romlebic iTvaliswineben mis sistemur

kompoziciur erTianobas, irCevdes im saswavlo masalas,

romelic ubiZgebs arqiteqturuli moRvaweobis mTlianobis

gaazrebisaken. arqiteqturis swavlebis logika unda

viTardebodes ara davalebebis funqcionaluri garTulebebis,

aramed arqiteqturaze sistemuri warmodgenis gaRrmavebis

gziT, misi kompoziciuri Sinaarsis gaxsniT, harmoniisa da

erTianobis esTetiuri principebis, formebis vizualuri

28

balansis, riTmuli agebebis, sivrcul–plastiuri Tvisebebis

gamoxatviT;

12. Cvens saukuneSi, rodesac izrdeba informaciisa da codnis

moculoba, pirveloba unda eniWebodes swavlebis im meTodebs,

romlebic mimarTulia ara studentTa mexsierebis datvirTvaze

mza codniT, aramed meTodis formirebas, romelic kerZo

movlenebis mTeli sistemis damoukidebeli asaxvis saSualebas

iZleva. am midgomis upiratesoba damtkicebulia pedagogiuri

praqtikiT. Aaqedan gamomdinare, informaciis moculobis

Seumcireblad SesaZlebelia mkveTrad Semcirdes saswavlo

masala da amaRldes swavlebis xarisxi;

13. arqiteqturuli moRvaweobis saswavlo procesis ganviTarebis

propedevtikuli sqema bunebrivad gamomdinareobs

ganviTarebadi swavlebis pedagogiuri Teoriis logikidan da

Sinaarsidan. Aamitom moculobiT–sivrciTi kompozicia

SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc umniSvnelovanesi

instrumenti, pirovnebis aucilebeli profesiuli monacemebis

da kulturis formirebisaTvis. Aaqedan gamomdinareobs

upirobo upiratesobebi meTodisa, romelic mimarTulia

profesiuli azrovnebis erTianobisken erTxazovani swavlebis

meTodTan, kerZosgan saerTosken (asociaciur – fsiqologiuri

swavlebis Teoria);

14. Cvens mier Catarebuli studentTa da eqspertTa gamokiTxvis

Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze dadginda, rom teqnikuri

universitetis arqiteqturis fakultetze arqiteqturuli

kompoziciis swavlebis meTodologia ZiriTadad Tanxvdeba

msoflioSi damkvidrebul praqtikas da rac gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovania, studentTa azriT am sagnis swavleba maTTvis

mniSvnelovani, saWiro da sasargebloa, xolo swavlebis

principebi - misaRebi. arqiteqturuli propedevtikis, rogorc

arqiteqturul-mxatvruli formaTwarmoqmnis sawyisi skolis

Sinaarsi Seicavs Teoriuli debulebebis adaptirebul bloks,

romelic Seesabameba formaTwarmoqmnis paradigmas

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arqiteqturaSi. igi Seicavs gansakuTrebul didaqtikur

masalas SemoqmedebiTi praqtikumisTvis ganyenebuli

kompoziciuri amocanebis saxiT da warmoadgens axal sityvas

momavali arqiteqtorebis profesiul-mxatvrul momzadebaSi.

rekomendaciebi

1. saqarTveloSi momavali arqiteqtorebis optimaluri

momzadebisaTvis moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis

efeqtiani saswavlo programis SemuSavebisas

mizanSewonilia arsebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT

moxdes swavlebis kursis ganaxleba Tanamedrove meTodebisa

da midgomebis CarTviT (mag. kompiuteruli teqnologiebi).

amasTan, gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas studentTa da

eqspertTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, maTi saWiroebebis

da ganwyobis asaxviT;

2. studentTa komentarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilia

arqiteqturuli kompoziciis saswavlo kursSi axal

savarjiSoTa Soris gamoyenebul iqnes Cvens mier

SeTavazebuli originaluri davalebebi (“feradi kvadrati”,

“foToli”, “suraTi”, “arqiteqturuli versia”), romlebic

aprobirebulia da mowonebuli studentTa mier;

3. momavali arqiteqtorebis optimaluri momzadebisTvis

mizanSewonilia gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saerTaSoriso

gamocdileba swavlebis dros saproeqto procesis

ganviTarebisas masSi moculobiT-sivrciTi kompoziciis

masalis paralelurad CarTvaze.

30

informacia naSromis aprobaciis Sesaxeb naSromi aprobirebulia Semdeg konferenciebsa da seminarebze:

• amerikis mcodenobis XII yovelwliuri saerTaSoriso

konferencia “amerika: XXI saukunis gamowvevebi”. 23-25 maisi,

2011, Tsu, Tbilisi;

• stu arqiteqturis, urbanistikis da dizainis fakultetis

seminari. 14.02.2011. Tbilisi;

• stu arqiteqturis, urbanistikis da dizainis fakultetis

seminari. 16.01.2012. Tbilisi;

gamoqveynebuli naSromebis sia • n. TevzaZe, z. kiknaZe, v. mujiri. “formaTwarmoqmnisa da

kompoziciis paradigma arqiteqturaSi (istoriuli da

logikuri aspeqtebi)”. SromaTa krebuli - saqarTvelos

ganaTlebis mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnal “moambis” damateba,

#2(17), 2010, Tbilisi. gv. 209-212;

• v. mujiri. “arqiteqturuli propedevtikis mniSvneloba

momavali specialistebis profesiul CamoyalibebaSi”. Tbilisi.

stu Sromebi #3 (481), 2011. gv. 39-42;

• v. mujiri. “XX saukunis dasawyisis avangardis ideebis

realizacia arqiteqtor-dekonstruqtivist frenk geris

SemoqmedebaSi”. Tbilisi. stu. “ganaTleba”, #3, 2011. gv. 179-184;

• n. TevzaZe, v. mujiri “arqiteqtruli obieqtebis Sefasebis

srulyofisaTvis”. Tbilisi. stu. “ganaTleba”, #3, 2011. gv. 169-

173;

31

Abstract

The work aimed at elaboration of effective educational program of volume-space

composition using modern and original methods on the basis of critical analysis of

existing educational theories and methodologies of Architectural Propaedeutics. This

will give the educational institutions a possibility to optimally train future architects

according to modern requirements.

For the first time, the critical analysis of educational methodology of architectural

composition is provided in dynamics, on the basis of experience of Georgia, as well as

foreign countries. First time, in order to reveal the demands and requirements of

students, the surveys has been conducted at the Faculty of Architect, Urbanistics and

Design of Georgian Technical University using specially designed questionnaires. 137

students and 49 expert-professors have been interviewed. The special approaches,

which are necessary for elaboration of modern, adequate methodology of teaching

Architectural Propaedeutics have been systematized:

• Mastering the architectural process will be effective, if methodology of

Architectural Propaedeutics is scientifically based and reflects the data and best

practices of pedagogy, psychology, theory of action, culturology and other

sciences;

• Teaching methodology will be output oriented, if from the very start it takes into

account general concepts and patterns of formation of architectural composition,

the subject of training will be the summarized experience, which expresses the

main point through general principals and categories;

• The priority has to be given to such methods of teaching, that are directed not on

filling students’ memory with ready knowledge, but on formation of method that

provides possibility for independent reflecting of entire system of particular

events. Correspondingly it’s possible to compress educational material and

increase quality without reducing the volume of information;

• Existence of connection between volume-space composition and architect

projecting underlines the necessity and importance of their parallel teaching;

32

• While introducing computerized forms of teaching, the architect school has to

reflect the new realities in methodology of architect art, that requires looking for

new ideas for organizing the initial stages of education;

The survey conducted at the Faculty of Architect, Urbanistics and Design of Georgian

Technical University also revealed the demands and requirements of students

regarding the changes in educational methodology; assimilation of this data will

improve the quality of teaching and will make educational program more adequate.

Interviewed expert-professors indicated that knowledge of volume-space composition

helps students to learn better the profile subjects on next stages (e.g. planning, design,

consructions, etc.).

First time in our work was shown that original exercises used in training process are

acceptable for students, but require improvement and renewal. Therefore, its

recommended the renewal of exercise content using modern tendencies and methods,

which will make the training process more interesting and will develop and reveal

students’ individuality.

The set of recommendations have been elaborated for implementation of work results:

• For optimal training of future architects in Georgia, it’s recommended, based

on existing experience, to renew the training course using modern methods and

tendencies (e.g. computer technologies) in order to elaborate the effective

educational program in volume-space composition. Also it’s necessary to take

into account the considerations of students, reflecting their needs and attitudes;

• Based on students’ positive and approving comments, it is advisable to use

original tasks offered by us (“Color square”, “Leaf”, “Picture”, “Architect

version”) among the exercises in educational course on architectural

composition;

• For optimal training of future architects, it’s desirable to take into account

international experience on parallel inclusion of volume-space composition

materials in the teaching of project process development.

Thus, the results of our work might be used for optimal training of future architects

through elaboration of modern effective educational programs.