Futuristic Sustainable Glazing - Green Building Congress · Futuristic Sustainable Glazing...
Transcript of Futuristic Sustainable Glazing - Green Building Congress · Futuristic Sustainable Glazing...
Futuristic Sustainable Glazing
International Conference on Green Buildings
October 2013, Chennai
Francis SerruysArch. Projects Market and R&D Director
Agenda
Introduction
Static solutionsCoated glass
Energy efficiency
Daylighting
Dynamic glassEclectrochromic glass
Life Cycle Analysis
Conclusion
INTRODUCTIONWhat does it mean “sustainability”?
“Sustainable development is
development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet
their own needs”
Bruntland report, 1987
Sustainability
Sustainability
5
sustainable
SOCIAL
ECONOMYENVIRONMENT
fair
viable
SOCIAL
� Recruitment and non-discrimination
� Diversity
� Training
� Health and safety…
ECONOMY
� Transparency
� Governance
� Business ethics
� Fight against
corruption…
ENVIRONMENT
� Natural resources
management
� Energy
� Water
� Bio-diversity
� Emissions
� Waste…
livable
Global warming-> ↑ in temperature from 1.8 to 4°C by 2100-> Greenland melting = ↑ in sea-level by 7m
Air, soil and water pollution-> 1 year lost by every European due to air pollution-> 25% of Europe’s waterways polluted at an
extreme level
The environment, THE challenge!
6
Water stress-> By 2025, the share of the world’s population living in water stress areas will go up by 35 %(i.e. 1/3 of the global population)-> Over one billion people will lack water
by 2050
Progression de l'empreinte ecologique de l'Humanité*
Pressure on the world's naturalresources
-> 4.5 planets required (if US model)
-> 2030: need for 2 planets
Deteriorating biodiversity-> 22% of mammals endangered or extinct-> Insect pollenization = €153Bn/year of
revenues in fruit and vegetables
Waste production-> Half a ton of waste per person and per
year in Europe-> 60% still put in landfills or incinerated
The environment, THE challenges!
7
It represents:
-> + 50% of all materials extracted on earth
-> 44% of total European energyconsumption
-> about one third of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, ..) in Europe
-> 33% of waste generated in Europe
And the building sector in all that?
8
Source: Glass for Europe
Challenges for Architectural Glass
1. Energy Efficiency
2. Daylighting
3. Overall comfort
STATIC SOLUTIONSCoated glass
Light and Solar Energy
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500Wavelength (nm)
sola
r en
ergy
(W
/m²)
760380
UV visible Infra-red55%42%3%
Combining g & LT
Optimal characteristics in hot climates
Solar factor g solar heat gain coefficient SHGC
Ligh
t Tra
nsm
ittan
ce L
T
10.5
0.5
1
0
Optimal characteristics in Northern areas
Actual situation
0.5 1
1
0.5
0g
LT
Body tinted glass
Pyrolitic solar control glass
Winter
Sum
mer
Off-line solar control coated glass – High reflective
Monolithic / dgu
GlassSolar Reflective Glass
Coating stacks
Ag
Verre
Total thickness of the coating < 1000 Å or 100 nm
Single Silver Coated Glass
(Solar & Thermal)
Coating stack – double and triple silver layered coatings
Ag - Silver
Verre
Total thickness of the coating < 2000 Å or 200 nm
Solar Control Coated glass
0.5 1
1
0.5
0g
LT
Body tinted glass
Pyrolitic solar control glass
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Reflective
Monolithic / dgu
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Performance
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
70
20 25 30 35 40 45
solar factor (g)
light
tran
smis
sion
(%
)Triple silver high performance coatings
Double silver coated glass
Triple silver coated glass
Evolution of the very high selective and high selec tive range
Triple silver coated glass
ENERGY EFFICIENCYDouble or triple glazing units?
Methodology
Sensitivity studyBuilding parameters :
Global level of insulation * 2
Glazed surface *3
Shape of the room *2
Orientation: Northern & Southern
No shading devices
Climates: Paris, Strasbourg, La Rochelle, Nice, Carpentras
19
4*5m
20m²
4*8m
32m²
11,5 m² ����wwr 80%
4,3 m² ���� wwr 30%
7,2 m² ���� wwr 50%
Main results – DGU vs TGU with both a high performance solar control coating
TGU with solar control coating is better than DGU
20
STATIC SOLUTIONS ~ ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Daylighting
Glazing: a solution in terms of natural lighting
22
Barely glazed room Largely glazed room
Opening index 16.4% 24.5%
Average autonomy in natural light 43% 72%
Electricity consumed 4.2 kWh.m2.year 2.7 kWh.m2.year
+ 49%
- 36%
Selectivity or Light to Solar Gain
LSG = ratio of visible light transmittance to the Solar
Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) or solar factor g
= LT/SHGC
= LSG ⇒⇒⇒⇒ the more efficient the glazing is
as a light source
Overall efficiency – Selectivity - LSG
Body tinted glass
Pyrolitic solar control glass
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Reflective
0.5 1
1
0.5
0g
LT
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Performance
Selectivity< 1
<1
~1~1.4
~1.8~2.1
Glass so cool it draws a crowdso smart it belongs in the boardroomso brilliant it’s destined to be a masterpiece. . . and preserves your view and connection to the outdoors
ACTIVE GLAZINGA look into the future?
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Fac
ade
tech
nolo
gy
Annual Energy Usage, Quads
HeatingCoolingLighting
Dynamic low-e
Integrated Insulating Dynamic Façades
Average Properties of Windows Sold Today
Highly Insulating Dynamic Windows
Triple pane low-e
Low-e
Current Building Stock
Impact of Façade Technologies on Energy Usage in US Building Stock
Arasteh et al., LBNL report number 60049
Active glazing : technologies
Suspended particle device
Photochromic
Thermotropic
Electrochromic
Suspended Particle Device (SPD – system)
Mechanism� Particles in a film are oriented perpendicular to
it’s surface by an electrical field
properties
light
lightLight blueTransparent
Dark blueTransparent
elektrischeSpannung
TVIS = 39% 5 %
g = 55 % 37 %
Electr.
Field
Suspended Particle Device (SPD – system)
Photochromic glazing
MechanismLight energy induces metalic ions to migrate and coagulate. This agglomerations absorbs light (e.g. sun glasses)
Properties
transparent
TVIS ~ 70 %
SF ~ 50 %
darkertransparent
16 %
25 %
solar
light energy
Thermotropic Glazing
MechanismTemperature dependent phase separation of polymer blends or aqueous polymer suspensions
Properties
thermotropiclayer
transparent
TVIS = 63 %
SF = 49 %
white translucent
8 %
18 %
solar
heating energy
Thermotropic glazing
switching behaviour
0102030405060708090
100110
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37Température (°C)
%
Haze
Transmissionlumineuselight transmission
haze100908070
% 6050403020100
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Temperature [°C]
Watanabe - Tokyo
ACTIVE GLAZINGElectrochromic glazing
How does EC-glazing works?
Clear State
Tinted State
� Argon filled
� Low-e coating (surface 2)
� Low voltage DC
How does EC-glazing works?
What’s happening?
* In combination with a low-E coating
Electrochromic glass
Mode LT% g Ug [W/m².K]
Double glazing unit
6 – 16 Ar – 6
Clear 61% 0,42 1,1
Intermediate
state 1 21% 0,14 1,1
Intermediate
state 2 6% 0,07 1,1
Dark 2% 0,05 1,1
Triple glazing unit
6 -12 A - 6 - 12 A - 6
Clear 55% 0,38 0,8*
Intermediate
state 1 19% 0,12 0,8*
Intermediate
state 2 5% 0,06 0,8*
Dark 1% 0,04 0,8*
Actual products on the market
• Typical: Dark and clear mode + 2 intermediate states
• Transmission rate = 3:1
61% TL
21% TL
6% TL
2% TL
42% g
14% g
7% g
5% g
EC Dynamic Range
41
Case Studies
Shiley Hall Portland, OR
Chabot College Hayward, CA
Century College White Bear Lake, MN
Siemens Hutchinson, KS
NREL Lakewood, CO
Club Porticello Oconomowoc, WI
Landis Hall Greenwich, CT
Department of Energy Washington, DC
Ball State Muncie, IN
Kirksey ArchitectureHouston, TX
42
Chabot College, Hayward, CA
43
Landis Hall, Greenwich, CT
44
Landis Hall, Greenwich, CT
45
Ball State University, Muncie, IN
46
Club Porticello, Oconomowoc, WI
47
Key Benefits of EC glazing
*Estimates provided by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
Power consumption
Electricity consumed Power up to 200 sq.m. of EC glass for the equivalent of powering a 60 watt light bulb
Average During TintingAverage During Tinting
Typical Daily AverageTypical Daily Average
Power Per Unit Area Power Per Unit Area Watts /m2Watts /m2
0.5
2.5
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSISSustainability: not only during the life time of a product
What are Eco-labels?
51
• A voluntary process
• An aid to decision-making ?
• A multiple and sometimes confusing source of information!
“Green” allegations
52
“organic”
“biodegradable”
“sustainable”
“reduced VOC content”
“natural”
“responsible”
“substance X-free”
“green”
“ecological”“eco-product”
The position of the major industries on labels
1. Self-declared labels
2. 3rd party certified
3. LCA based
Complexity … … and positioning
1. To be avoided
2. Support international initiatives and take part in harmonizing them
3. Option to be promoted
A 2D concept
54
Production TransportProduct
lifeEnd-of-life
Energy consumption ? ? ? ?
Water consumption ? ? ? ?
Natural resources ? ? ? ?
Etc … ? ? ? ?
From cradle To grave
All environmental impacts
Both dimensions are needed to evaluate the environm ental impact of a product
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
55
So, LCA is:• An analysis framed by international
standards (ISO)• ISO 14 040 & 14 044
• Inventorying the environmental impacts of a product (multi-criteria)
• Right throughout its lifecycle, from cradle to grave (multi-stages )
=> A snapshot of the environmental footprint
Interests of the process1. Know the environmental footprint of the
product2. Improve the product (eco-design)3. Assess the improvement thanks to a second
LCA, always on an scientific way
The Glass LifeCycleRaw materialsSand, DolomiteSoda ash, Limestone+ sealant+ spacer
But also:EnergyCulletWater
ProcessingLaminatedTemperedEnameledDouble/triple glazing
Transport
UtilizationInstallation, MaintenanceCleaning
End-of-lifeDemolition / renovation of building
Manufacturing flat glass
Surface treatment (coating)
LCA provides a great deal of information
57
And more …
Emissions in the water
Emissions in the air
Energy consumption
Water consumption
Consumption of non-energy natural resources
Consumption of energy natural resources
Eliminated waste
Reclaimed waste
Emissions in the ground
Climate change
On the full lifecycle
Eco-innovationWhat is eco-design?• “Integrating the environment at all stages (as upstream as
possible) of developing a product ”
58
Parameters1
2
3
The only way to measure the footprint of the total building
Next step: the environmental labeling?
60
Bel’M example• 8 criteria• 3 phases• 1 algorithm⇒ one global
score⇒ Possible
comparison
CONCLUSIONSustainability
Conclusion
The actual design of contemporary buildings calls
for more sustainable solutions. The challenge for
the glass industry and their suppliers consists in
combining the design requirements with the
sustainable criteria for an optimal use of the
energy resources and a better comfort for the
occupants.
Conclusion
Improvement of existing solutions and the
development of new technologies are part of the
strategy for more high-performance, sustainable
buildings.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!