FUTURE ROLE OF ENGINEERSIN PAKISTAN

Dr. Javed Yunas Uppal

B.Sc. Engg., Ph.D. (Lond), MICE, MASCE

Pakistan Foundation for Advancement of Engineering & Technology

1-A,Aibeck Block ,Garden Town ,Lahore ,PakistanTel: 042-5838142, 5838901 ,0300 8447138

www.pfaet.com

1961-65

1971-75

1981-85

02

4

6

8

10

12

16

14

18

20

rich nations

poor nations

GN

P p

e r p

erso

n (0

00 U

S d

o ll a

rs)

951991-

20011996-

ECONOMIC GROWTH

Global exploitative Global exploitative gamegame

has its repercussionshas its repercussions

in in

PakistanPakistan

resultingresulting

ghastly and acute crisis of all sorts ghastly and acute crisis of all sorts which unfortunately has been which unfortunately has been

unintentionally or intentionally unintentionally or intentionally gravely mishandledgravely mishandled

Poor consumer oriented countries have been getting poorer and poorer,reducing their ability to buy goods from the rich producer countries

Who are the losers??

A lot of trumpet is A lot of trumpet is blown on blown on

>restoration of democracy, >restoration of democracy,

>fighting terrorism, &>fighting terrorism, &

>removing pollutions. >removing pollutions.

Huge sums of Huge sums of

foreign money is foreign money is

given on themgiven on them

but very little is done on the but very little is done on the

deplorable conditions of the peopledeplorable conditions of the people

I and you have drifted and are lost. I and you have drifted and are lost. This is because, both have This is because, both have

relinquished the care and concern for relinquished the care and concern for humanity.humanity.

Our egotistic energiesShould be directed not merely

towards the ‘gains for the few’,but towards the gains of

‘everybody’around us

In the past the ‘Business’ and ‘Technology’have created

many ugly scarson the face of the world

Same’ Business & Technology’

with the new outlookwill make this

planet worth living They have the answers

The industries must produce

goods that ‘improve ’ theplight of the consumersand not to ‘diminish’ itMake ‘exo-genic’ goods.and not ‘endo-genic’ goods

Counting selfish gains every Counting selfish gains every minute is killing us. Only minute is killing us. Only passionate sense of giving for passionate sense of giving for humanity has permanencyhumanity has permanency

Development-DefinitionDevelopment-Definition

As we commonly understand it:As we commonly understand it:Construction of buildings, roads &Construction of buildings, roads & industries …industries …Much of development Much of development may not touch the may not touch the bulk of the people.bulk of the people.

Commercial DevelopmentCommercial Development::

Is for sake of a few people …Is for sake of a few people …““it CAUSES MONEY TO FLOW FROM POORit CAUSES MONEY TO FLOW FROM POOR TO RICH ”TO RICH ”

Public Works Development: Public Works Development:

Is done by the governments to justify Is done by the governments to justify spendingspendingOf public money…Of public money…““WHAT IF THERE IS NO PUBLIC MONEYWHAT IF THERE IS NO PUBLIC MONEY”

Real Development:Real Development:

Is that which generates Is that which generates money…money…IT IS THAT WHICH IT IS THAT WHICH CAUSES CAUSES WELL BEINGWELL BEING OF OF PEOPLEPEOPLE

Well Being of People…Well Being of People…Definition & MeasurementDefinition & Measurement

Well being of people is a Well being of people is a state state in which in which sum totalsum total of the of the physical, psychological & physical, psychological & spiritual needs of the people spiritual needs of the people are satisfiedare satisfied

This is the only wayto secure

Sustainable Development

This is the only way to

poverty alleviationand

world peace

Global Global TrendsTrends

and Opportunities for and Opportunities for Participation ofParticipation of

Pakistan’s Engineering IndustriesPakistan’s Engineering Industries

Pakistan’s Pakistan’s PrerogativesPrerogatives

Political StabilizationPolitical Stabilization Structural ReformsStructural Reforms Sustained GrowthSustained Growth Employment OpportunitiesEmployment Opportunities Poverty ReductionPoverty Reduction Fiscal DisciplineFiscal Discipline Return of LoansReturn of Loans

New GameNew GameInternational Community’s International Community’s

Eagerness Over Central Asian Eagerness Over Central Asian ResourcesResources

‘Looking for Partners’‘Looking for Partners’

Kosovo: Trans Balkan Oil Kosovo: Trans Balkan Oil PipelinePipeline

Turkmenistan GaslineTurkmenistan Gasline Apsheron Trend Oil FieldApsheron Trend Oil Field Daulatabad Oil FieldDaulatabad Oil Field

GATT & WHOGATT & WHOgone in the backgroundgone in the background

Multi lateral trading system with free Multi lateral trading system with free marketing accessmarketing access

Poor countries looking up for concessions for Poor countries looking up for concessions for survivalsurvival

Erosion of confidence and independence of Erosion of confidence and independence of local businesseslocal businesses

Independence of nations becoming non Independence of nations becoming non sustainablesustainable

Chances of getting down-rated on Chances of getting down-rated on collaborationscollaborations

Search of non competitive targetsSearch of non competitive targets

Country Populationm

IndustrialGrowth rate%

Engineersperpopulation

GDP$ percapita

ElectricityProductionW percapita

Exports$ percapita

Pakistan 165 6 1500 2,600 55 117

India 1130(6.8 times)

7.5 1200 3,700 64 99

China 1322(8.0 times)

22.5 675 7,600 216 736

KashmirKashmiris also full of resources is also full of resources

Pakistan’s Plus Points

Geographically strategic locationEnglish speaking main gearCheap ‘semi’ skilled manpowerModerate Muslim culture

Lines of Immediate Action

Forge lucrative international alliancesTrain professionals and labourPrepare to meet tough ISO requirementsReduce cost of production

Operating firms

need go multi- disciplined multi- cultured and multi- national

These have to get merged , re- structured, be participatory & distant

Engineers cannotrestrict themselves to their conventional roles Engineers have to learn new techniques

such as

EntrepreneurshipManagement methods Information technology System visionary and holistic approaches Environmental technologies Participatory methods, networking.

Capitalist

CapitalEquity/Loans

Profit

ProducersGoods sold

Consumer/WorkerWealth produced

EngrsServices

ENTERPRISE MODEL

Environment•Growing resources•Profiteering enterprise

COMMUNITY MODEL

Diminished resources•Re-Construction

CooperativeCollectives

Equity/Loans

Profit

ProducersGoods sold

Consumers/WorkersWealth produced

EngrsServices

Environment

technical knowledge at lower technical knowledge at lower levels levels

is not available is not available Bring technical know how to the Bring technical know how to the bottom linesbottom lines

Market is there within the people Market is there within the people themselvesthemselves

Small workshops and house holds Small workshops and house holds can produce these items and can produce these items and generate income as wellgenerate income as well

Give micro-credits and train Give micro-credits and train peoplepeople

with training, indigenous manufacturing with training, indigenous manufacturing will build local capacity; low labor cost will build local capacity; low labor cost and overheadsand overheads

expert help and central coordinationexpert help and central coordinationis neededis needed

Fully dedicated social activists, hands on Fully dedicated social activists, hands on engineers, and management experts engineers, and management experts with linkages to technology sources with linkages to technology sources

should centrally coordinate the should centrally coordinate the development and operation of development and operation of technology incubation and training technology incubation and training centers for outreaching to the rural centers for outreaching to the rural communities.communities.

We need dedicated, service oriented knowledgeable peopleknowledgeable people

Serving people is not a Serving people is not a priority for our Architects and priority for our Architects and

EngineersEngineersA paradigm shift is required in A paradigm shift is required in their practices and mind setstheir practices and mind sets

They need to participate in a They need to participate in a system directly addressing the system directly addressing the

needs of the peopleneeds of the people

Engineers need to develop Engineers need to develop cheap alternative materials cheap alternative materials

and technologies and technologies Community Organizations Community Organizations can out-reach these materials can out-reach these materials and technologies right down and technologies right down to the bottom lines through to the bottom lines through

modern tools of managementmodern tools of management

What is Lacking

‘Collectiveness’Collectiveness’

‘Energy’Energy’

‘know- how’know- how’Some minorities and sects who have theseSome minorities and sects who have these attributes have improved themselves.attributes have improved themselves.

What is needed:What is needed:1.1.AwarenessAwareness

2.2.Organization &Organization &3.3.TechnologyTechnology

A dedicated team of experts is required to work in the A dedicated team of experts is required to work in the Community training people on:Community training people on:

1.1.Individual skills for enhancing their Individual skills for enhancing their incomesincomes

2.2.Individual and family Individual and family entrepreneurship.entrepreneurship.

3.3.Doing things collectively to reduce Doing things collectively to reduce expenditures and to reduce expenditures and to reduce leakages.leakages.

4.4.Doing things collectively to harness Doing things collectively to harness assets.assets.A new form of Society has to emerge

The change must come from The change must come from the System and within the Systemthe System and within the SystemOutside source should only do Outside source should only do the sparkthe sparkThe fuel must be there to ignite The fuel must be there to ignite itselfitself

ACompletely new and innovative approach is required

Conventional paradigms of development of the past

are bound to fail

Entrepreneurs:Entrepreneurs:

Entrepreneurs are individuals Entrepreneurs are individuals

who run activities who run activities

for making profit for making profit

for their own sakefor their own sake

with an enterprising spirit with an enterprising spirit and and

techniques of business techniques of business managementmanagement

GRADUATES TAKING UP ENTREPRENEURSHIPGRADUATES TAKING UP ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Social EntrepreneurSocial Entrepreneur::

A social entrepreneur is one A social entrepreneur is one who runs a profitable activity who runs a profitable activity

not only for himself but also not only for himself but also

for THE POPULATIONSfor THE POPULATIONS

with the spirit of serving yet with the spirit of serving yet

with the with the

techniques of management techniques of management and business and business

Sir Arnold MustoSir Arnold Musto

The builder of Sukkur Barrage, the backbone of the economy of the entire country and singly sustaining the 60m people of Sindh.

When Pakistan came into existence, Sir Arnold Musto refused to go back to England and would rather stay at the Sukkur Barrage. He is today buried at the Barrage.

Dr Muhammad Yunus Dr Muhammad Yunus

Founder of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh to empower the poor”

Now spread to 65 developing countries and has reached 17 million borrowers around the globeIt runs as business and its funds are recycled thatcontinue to grow,"

Self help telephones provided to 2,000 villages

Internet kiosks in villages are operated by touch screens and voice commands for illiterate users

Tasneem Ahmad SiddiquiTasneem Ahmad SiddiquiFounder of Khuda Ki Basti in Karachi, on self- financing basis

Enabled people micro businesses, embroidery work and carpet-weaving on 80 square yards plots purchased on easy installments and developed by allot tees on self-help basis

There is a sense of complete satisfaction in contrast to anger and desperation common in many poor localities

Barefoot Architecture Barefoot Architecture Winner of the Aga Khan Winner of the Aga Khan

AwardAward

Bare Foot Architecture Bare Foot Architecture Centers in IndiaCenters in India

Over 500 building centers set Over 500 building centers set up all over up all over

Achieving 25 to 40% savings Achieving 25 to 40% savings Over 100,000 masons, Over 100,000 masons,

carpenters, bar benders, and carpenters, bar benders, and plumbers have been trained plumbers have been trained

Construction Rs. 5 billion Construction Rs. 5 billion completedcompleted

Nature Teaches Us Nature Teaches Us LessonLesson

Earthquake of Kashmir in 2005 has Earthquake of Kashmir in 2005 has killed 70,000 people and rendered 3 killed 70,000 people and rendered 3 m homelessm homeless

The whole nation rose up to provide The whole nation rose up to provide relief and assistance with great relief and assistance with great enthusiasm and coordinationenthusiasm and coordination

There is a lesson in itThere is a lesson in it Let us build Pakistan with same zeal Let us build Pakistan with same zeal

and spiritand spirit

Equal participation ofpublic sector , private sector ,engineering institutions & civil societyneeds to be evolved

Participative MechanismParticipative Mechanism

A tree is an example of cell A tree is an example of cell systemsystem

Central CoreTask Force

OfHighly Committed

& DedicatedWork group

traininginstitutions te

chnolo

gy

sourc

es

desig

n &

devel

opmen

t

houses

production houses

consumerassociations

marketing

houses

drivertrainers&quality

driver

co ordinators,m

onitors,

trainers

man

ager

sin

cent

ive

PARTICIPATIVE MODEL

ROLE OF THE INSTITUTIONSROLE OF THE INSTITUTIONS

NETWORKING:NETWORKING: Within CommunityWithin Community

PROVIDING:PROVIDING: MarketsMarkets FinancingFinancing TechnologyTechnology

Helping Production Helping Production CentresCentres

Collective Action and Collective Action and Organizational Organizational

Development RegimeDevelopment Regime

Participative Cell SystemParticipative Cell System

Participative Cell System is a system of Participative Cell System is a system of independently working individuals or independently working individuals or organizations registered as organizations registered as MembersMembers, , and interlinked with each other, through and interlinked with each other, through specific give and take mechanisms, specific give and take mechanisms, geared towards the common broad geared towards the common broad objective, as guided, trained and objective, as guided, trained and regulated by a regulated by a central coordination unit.central coordination unit. Individual cells operate through an Individual cells operate through an efficient hierarchy of mutual benefits.efficient hierarchy of mutual benefits.

Central Coordination Central Coordination UnitUnit

Central Coordination Unit is a group Central Coordination Unit is a group of highly devoted resource persons, of highly devoted resource persons, appointed by Members, whose appointed by Members, whose function is to: function is to:

train the trainers, train the trainers, coordinate the activity, coordinate the activity, ensure quality, and ensure quality, and disburse the Central Fund.disburse the Central Fund. manage the subordinate unitsmanage the subordinate units

Task ForceTask Force

Let us know each other. Let us join together. Today’s Call is instantaneous. Be prepared to respond.

Individual Cell UnitsIndividual Cell Units

Design centres, technology providers- Design centres, technology providers- low cost technology solutions.low cost technology solutions.

Fabrication units fabricating Fabrication units fabricating machines.machines.

Trainers out reaching people.Trainers out reaching people. Credit extending.Credit extending. Marketing units.Marketing units. Production cells: small businesses, Production cells: small businesses,

workshops, and households.workshops, and households.

Answer is the System Answer is the System ApproachApproach

Look at the whole systemLook at the whole system

Who are the stakeholders?Who are the stakeholders? Who are the beneficiaries?Who are the beneficiaries? Who are the money makers?Who are the money makers? If the money is being If the money is being

sucked away, who is taking it?sucked away, who is taking it? Tax the advantage takerTax the advantage taker Spend on the needySpend on the needy

Internal invesment External invesment

Resourceexploitation

Export raw material

Marketing

Export earning

Capital growth

Externalexpenditure

Capacitybuilding

Technology transfer

Participative Development

Localmanufacture

Draining

Strengthening

VENSIM PARTICIPATIVE DEVELOPMENT MODEL