ful report

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Faculty of Administrative Science & Policy StudiesUniversiti Teknologi MARA

DIPLOMA IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPAD340

PROJECT PAPER

A Study on the Students Perception towards the Effectiveness ofStress Management Technique among students:

A case study at UiTM Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah (KAG)

Name of Students

Nurul Aliya binti Azmi 2006137275

Nur Syafirah binti Mohamad Nor 2006105007

Nur Azimah binti Yahaya 2006104999

Nur Atiqah binti Jaafar 2006104977

Nur Hanim binti Mohd Hairuddin 2006142399

[ July 09 / Nov 09 ]

Diploma in Public Administration PAD340: Research Proposal for Project Paper 0 / 67

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Acknowledgement

Assalamualaikum waramatullahhiwabarakatuh.

With the name of Allah with His Generous and His Faithful, thanks to God

because of His Bless that we has accomplished our research proposal.

Acknowledgements and thanks must go to a numbers people that have helped

with the business plan. All the members of the group, friends and our lecturer, Madam

Siti Melinda Binti Haris have been very helpful in completing the research proposal.

We have been fortunate to have the opportunity to do the research proposal

together with a diverse, help each other and thanks must go for group’s supportive,

cooperation, effort, patience and insights into much of the subject matter in this research

proposal.


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Declaration

We hereby declare that the work contained in this research proposal is our own except those which have been duly identified and acknowledged. If we are later found to have committed plagiarism or other forms of academic dishonesty, action can be taken against us under the Academic Regulations of UiTM’s.

Signed by:

--------------------------------------------------------Name: Nurul Aliya binti Azmi

--------------------------------------------------------Name: Nur Syafirah binti Mohamad Nor

--------------------------------------------------------Name: Nur Azimah binti Yahaya

--------------------------------------------------------Name: Nur Atiqah binti Jaafar

--------------------------------------------------------Name: Nur Hanim binti Mohd Hairuddin


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Table of contents

CHAPTER PAGE

AbstractChapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Introduction 41.2 Problem statement 51.3 Research questions 71.4 Research objectives 71.5 Scope of the study 71.6 Significance of the study 81.7 Definition of terms/concepts 9

Chapter 2: Literature Review & Conceptual Framework

2.1 Introduction 102.2 Literature review 11-152.3 Conceptual framework 16-19

Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology

3.1 Research design 203.2 Unit of analysis 213.3 Sample size 213.4 Sampling technique 213.5 Measurement/Instrumentation 223.6 Data collection 233.7 Data analysis 24

Chapter 4: Research Findings

4.1 Introduction 264.2 Respondents profile 274.3 Findings by objectives4.3.1 Objective 1: To identify the level of effectiveness of stress management Among students 324.3.2 Objective 2: To identify the technique used by the students to cope with stress 414.3.3 Objective 3: To identify the level of awareness among students toward Stress management 434.3.4 Objective 4: To recommend most effective technique to be applied by Students to manage

55Chapter 5: Conclusion & Recommendations

5.1 Conclusion 615.2 Recommendations

5.2.1 To the UiTM 645.2.2 To the students 65

References Appendix A [questionnaire]


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Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Introduction

Generally stress is an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as

challenging or threatening to the person’s wellbeing. As we shall see, stress is the

person’s reaction to a situation, not the situation itself. Moreover, we experience stress

when something is perceived to interfere with our wellbeing- that is, with our need

fulfillment.

We often hear about stress as a negative consequence of modern living. People

are stressed from overwork, job security, information overload and the increasing pace

of life. Stress is present in everyone’s lives. It is the type of stress and how it is managed

which make the differences in creating positive or negative consequences.

People can learn to recognize the symptoms of stress and how to manage it

productively. Thus in our research, we found that there are differences between

individuals who know about how to deal with stress and with those who does not know

what to do when they face stress.

Stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual. The college students may

experience stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job, business men

may suffer stress to reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even

the house hold ladies may experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look

for the maid servant. The reasons for the stress differ from person to person. The stress

people experience should not be necessarily treated as harmful. An optimum amount of

stress can always act as an energizer or motivator and propel people to apply the efforts

and complete the work. But a high level of Stress can be a serious threat to the

personality traits of the Individual and can cause physiological and social problems.


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1.2 Problem statement

Based on our conducted research towards UiTM students to know how they deal

with their stress. It is also to investigate and research on how stress management plays

an important role in an individual’s life; how it influences the individuals and affects the

choices they make in their everyday life. Our study also covers on how a stress

management structure works like and how it is organized. This study also emphasizes

on how even in today’s generation where there is the presence effectiveness of stress

management, the individuals apply to overcome the stresses in their daily lives.

Virtually no one feels free from stress and each of us defines stress somewhat

differently (Youngs, 1986). Studying can be as stressful as working. However, stress in

learning is also a subjective phenomenon. For some students, making a presentation in

front of the class is not stressful while, for others, it is the end of the world. Some

students consider quizzes as good challenges to their potential while others find them

hard to handle. In other words, how one labels, interprets, thinks about and reacts to

events in one's life has a lot to do with determining whether those events are stressful

(Corey & Corey, 1997).

Moreover, students who prepare themselves for such events are most likely to

experience less stress than those who fail to do so. The list of stressors is endless.

Research conducted by Ida Hartina Ahmed Tharbe (2003) using the Social

Readjustment Rating Scale (Holmes & Rahe, 1967) on 58 subjects dentified several

changes in lifestyle as the cause of stress for students. Among the changes are: the

change in eating habit (66 %), change in sleeping and living habit (64 %), change in

social activities and change in financial status (50%).


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Cases that we found from internet are like below:

The case that we found in Malaysia:

Impact Getting ‘A’-18/01/2008, Utusan Malaysia Online. One Indian girl,

Subashini a/p Sivakumar, found dead with the rope around her neck hanging in her

room, the reason of her death is because she failed to get straight 4A’s in UPSR, 2007.

It shows that if students target is not relevant with her ability, it will cause stress and lead

to the unreasonable action.

Commit suicide- Society must aware towards the environment-2006, Utusan Malaysia Online. One Chinese boy, 20 years old, University Science Malaysia(USM) student found death hanging on the fan. It is because he feel depressed and cannot cope with the new environment in campus. People around him make him give up and does not have self confident anymore.

Student disappointed with the SPM result-14 March 2006, Mesra Forum. One malay girl from Kangar jump over from the third floor because of the bad SPM result. She always think about the result and after that she cannot accept and having depressed. But her father had advise her to do not always think about the result.


http://www.mesra.net/forum/lofiversion/index.php/

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1.3 Research questions

We will distribute our questionnaires to the respondents and these are some questions

that will be asked. The questions are only as draft to guide us before we prepare a well-

prepared questionnaire to be given to the respondents.

i. What is the level of effectiveness of stress management among students?

ii. How do the students cope with stress?

iii. Do the students aware about stress management?

iv. What are the effective techniques applied by the students?

1.4 Research objectives

Specific

1. To identify the level of effectiveness of stress managements among students.

2. To identify the technique used by the students to cope with stress.

3. To identify the level of awareness among students toward stress management.

4. To recommend most effective technique to be applied by students to manage

1.5 Scope of the study

The study itself reflects about the stress and how the Higher Learning Institution

students deal with stress in their daily lives. By knowing how they cope with the stress

will be as our sources in our research study. Our respondents towards our research

study will be the UiTM Kampus Alor Gajah students.


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1.6 Significance of the study

1.6.1 To the UiTM

UiTM’s Vision is to establish UiTM as a premier university of outstanding

scholarship and academic excellence capable of providing leadership to Bumiputeras’

dynamic involvement in all professional fields of world-class standards can be achieved.

Academically became more productive when the students effectively use the stress

management approaches.

The significance of this study may lead to UiTM to provide quality and innovative

programmes of study relevant with the policies of national development. Thus, when

stress management is effective on the students, it creates maximum opportunities for

UiTM itself to pursue professional programmes, research work and community service

based on moral values and professional ethics. (http://www.uitm.edu.my)

1.6.2 To the students

It is important to know about stress management especially when the

globalization has take place nowadays. For UiTM students to be excellent, they will have

to know how to deal about themselves so that they can get along with the flow and being

calm whatever happens. Our research to make a deeper study in stress management,

getting knowledge about stress management and able to distinguish the differences of

people who apply the stress management and with those who does not apply it is also a

significance in the research for us.


http://www.uitm.edu.my/

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1.7 Definition of terms/concepts

1.7.1 Stress is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary

demands, constraint, or opportunities.

1.7.2 Stress management is the ability to help oneself and others prevent or cope with

stress and maintain personal wellness.

1.7.3 Attitudes are predispositions to respond in a positive or negative way to someone

or something in your environment.

1.7.4 Effectiveness is an output of specific review/analyses that measure the quality of

the achievement of a specific educational goal or the degree to which a higher

education institution can be expected to achieve specific requirements.

1.7.5. Higher Learning Institution refers to a level of education that is provided by

universities, vocational universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges,

institutes of technology and other collegiate level institutions, such as vocational

schools, trade schools and career colleges, that award academic degrees or

professional certifications.

1.7.6 UiTM is a higher learning institution in Malaysia establish for Bumiputera only

and it stands for University Technology MARA.

1.7.7 Students refer to people or whoever enrolled classes in any institution in purpose

to enhance their knowledge.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_certification

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_degree

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocational_school

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocational_school

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_technology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_arts_college

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_college

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocational_university

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Introduction

The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to Richard S

Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives

that “demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to

mobilize.” In short, it's what we feel when we think we've lost control of events.

Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956

was that “stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it.

The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure,

humiliation or infection is detrimental.” Selye believed that the biochemical effects of

stress would be experienced irrespective of whether the situation was positive or

negative.

Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas have

moved on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of harmful biochemical

and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive situations.


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2.2 Literature Review

2.2.1 Stress Management

According to Hans Selye, the discoverer of stress research defines it as ‘the

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it’. Nonspecific response

can best be understood by first considering specific responses. Selye sees each

demand made upon the body as unique, that is, specific. Stress is an adaptive response

to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person’s wellbeing. 1Stress also is the person’s reaction to a situation, not the situation itself. Moreover, we

experience stress when something is perceived to interfere with our wellbeing which is

with our need fulfillment.

Stress is triggered not by the external problems faced by individuals, but by the

way they cope with those problems. Thus, most people can cope with a variety of

pressures in their life, and many seem to thrive on ‘pressure’, especially on work.

However, once individuals fail to deal adequately with pressure, then symptoms of stress

appear.

Virtually no one feels free from stress and each of us defines stress somewhat

differently. Studying can be as stressful as working. However, stress in learning is also a

subjective phenomenon. For some students, making a presentation in front of the class

is not stressful while, for others, it is the end of the world. Some students consider

quizzes as good challenges to their potential while others find them hard to handle. In

other words, how one labels, interprets, thinks about and reacts to events in one's life

has a lot to do with determining whether those events are stressful.2

When you are stressed, your body responds as though you are in danger. It

makes hormones that speed up your heart, make you breathe faster, and give you a

burst of energy. This is called the fight-or-flight stress response. Some stress is normal

and even useful. Stress can help if you need to work hard or react quickly.

1 Steven McShane, Tony Travaglione, Organizational Behaviour on The Pacific Rim, 20032 Corey & Corey,1997


http://health.yahoo.com/stress-overview/stress-response/healthwise--ug1814.html;_ylt=ArorTlN.B4qhcZ7uRJ6BYXbBtcUF

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For example, it can help you win a race or finish an important job on time. But if

stress happens too often or lasts too long, it can have bad effects. It can be linked to

headaches, an upset stomach, back pain, and trouble sleeping. It can weaken your

immune system, making it harder to fight off disease. If you already have a health

problem, stress may make it worse. It can make you moody, tense, or depressed. Your

relationships may suffer, and you may not do well at work or school.3

There are some agreement among the researchers and the managers that

excessive stress can diminish the health and quality of work life of employees. Less

agreement exists regarding the effects of stress on the organizational effectiveness.

While some researchers note that the different stressors can at times under certain

circumstances, result in higher performance and lower absenteeism.

The reality is that stess is neither good or bad. There are optimal levels of stress

at work and in life. This issues is not one of presence or absence, but rather of the

nature, intensity and duration of stress and the resources available to respond to it.

Acording to Stephen B. Robbins, stress is the dynamic condition in which an individual is

confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires

and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.

Stress also known as a state of tension experienced by individual facing

extraordinary demands, constraint or opportunities.

Symptoms of stress are typically analyzed under three headings which are

physiological, psychological, and behavioral. The first symptoms are physiological. In

addition, to short-term reactions such as increased heart beat, tensed muscles, and

extra adrenalin secretion which are a human being’s instinctive reaction to danger, the

chronic effect of stress are associated with such unhealthy conditions as coronary heart

disease, high blood pressure, indigestion, gastric ulcers, back paint and even cancer.

Stress is also likely to be manifested in least serious infections, allergies, and psycho

disorder.

3http://health.yahoo.com/stress-overview/stress-management/healthwise--rlxsk.html


http://health.yahoo.com/stress-overview/immune-system/healthwise--sti150867.html;_ylt=AlMlA1S8tN6XRFsRK6amYJ7BtcUF

http://health.yahoo.com/stress-overview/stress-management/healthwise--rlxsk.html

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Psychological is a symptoms of stress tend to become manifest in anxiety states

and depression in a chronic situation. In least serious cases, stress emerges in the form

of tension, irritability, boredom, and job dissatisfaction. The last symptoms are

behavioural. It is ultimately the psychological and physiological symptoms that lead to

generalized changes in behaviour such as loss of appetite, increased cigarette smoking

and alcohol consumption, and sleeplessness. In college behavior, may take the forms of

increase absences, committing more errors than normal, and taking longer over tasks.4

Stress management is the ability to help oneself and others prevent of cope with

stress and maintain personal wellness. It is a technique to maintain the level of stress

that is best for an individual. By takes an active approach to deal with stress that is

influencing behavior they can manage their stress.5 There are several ways in coping

with the stress such as relaxation technique, time management, physical exercise and

social support technique. Subsequently, awareness is the process by which you observe

your thoughts and become aware of what is going through your head. Awareness helps

you to understand the negative thinking, unpleasant memories and misinterpretation of

situations that may interfere with your performance and damage your self-confidence.

2.2.2 Stress Management Technique

4 G. A. Cole, Management Theory and Practice, 20045 Wood, Wallace, Zeffane, Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, Organisational Behaviour An Asia-Pacific Perspective,1998


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Relaxation technique In the deep relaxation condition, one feels physically

relaxed, somewhat detached from the immediate environment, and usually even

detached from body sensations. It involves a feeling of voluntary and comfortable

abandonment of one’s conscious control and stewardship over major body functions. A

relaxation technique also is any method, process, procedure, or activity that helps a

person to relax and to attain a state of increased calmness; or otherwise reduce levels of

anxiety, stress or tension. Relaxation techniques are often employed as one element of

a wider stress management program and can decrease muscle tension, lower the blood

pressure and slow heart and breathe rates, among other health benefits. Relaxation

technique such as progressive relaxation, yoga and Transcendental Meditation rely on

the idea that relaxation of the major voluntary muscle reduce anxiety levels.

Time management is good time-management skills are critical for effective

stress control. In particular, learning to prioritize tasks and avoid over-commitment are

critical measures to make sure that you're not overscheduled. Always using a calendar

or planner, and checking it faithfully before committing to anything, is one way to develop

time-management skills. . An inability to manage tie can result in over commitment, a

lack of planning and missed deadlines. Strictly speaking, one does not manage time as

such, in that time moves at its own rate and is not subject to any effort to manipulate it.

Time management specialists have developed a number of useful techniques for gaining

control over one’s work life which are time log, structuring time and make a list. First is to

develop a time log. By jotting down the events that occur in typical day with the time

required for each activity, it is possible to learn where one’s time is being spent. Second

is structuring time. One can gain greater control over one’s life by structuring the day so

that time wasters are blocked or eliminated. Lastly is making a list where we need to

prepare a list of ‘things to do’.

Physical exercise not only promotes overall fitness, but it helps to manage

emotional stress and tension as well. Medical science has shown that the physiological


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(medicine)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety

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and biochemical changes resulting from exercise act positively to reduce the effets of

stress (Hunsaker,1986)For one thing, exercise can emotionally remove one temporarily

from a stressful environment or situation. Being fit and healthy also increases your ability

to deal with stress as it arises.

The exercise program at the Boston Federal Reserve Bank is not really that

unusual these days as method of decreasing stress in harried managers, or just about

any employee. Excellent scenes of such a facility at the Cardio-fitness center in the

McGraw-Hill building in New York are included in the CRM/McGraw-Hill film, Stress.

Over one half with probably respond that they do. According to sale management

consultant, Gerard Fisher, reported several years ago, (U.S. News and world Report,

Nov. 6, 1978) that among the fortune 500 companies, its common to find such things as

exercise rooms, meditation periods, and biofeedback machines. Biofeedback machines

can be kept right on a manager’s desk to allow testing of stress levels right after various

activities, sale meeting, or talking on the phone with angry customers. After learning

what events cause the most stress, the manager can device way of calming down, like

lying back in the chair for a moment and closing his or her eyes. The manager can also

begin to design ways to reduce those kinds of stress in the future.6

Social support technique refers People with strong social support systems

experience fewer physical and emotional symptoms of stress than their less-connected

counterparts. Loved ones, friends, business associates, neighbors, and even pets are all

part of our social networks. Cultivating and developing a social support network is

healthy for both body and mind.

Refer to the case of The Best Gif for a Secretary: An Electrocardiogram. This

case dramatizes what happens to many other types of employees, in addition to the

secretaries, who find themselves stuck in dead end jobs or working for Type A bosses

with constant time deadlines. Secretaries, however, do quite often become the

scapegoats for stress-carrying managers to dump their hostilities on and delegate their

problems too. Multitude seminars for “Handling Secretarial Stress,’’ are increasingly

being offered throughout the country.

6Phillip L. Hunsaker, Curtis W. Cook, Managing Organizational Behavior, 1986


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2.3 Conceptual Framework

Independent variables

Relaxation technique

Time management

Physical exercise

Social support technique refers

2.3.1 Independent Variable

2.3.1.1 Relaxation technique


Dependent variablesEffectiveness of stress management

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Deep relaxation is a highly specific neurological state of the body. An individual

cannot reach this state merely sitting or lying down quietly. It requires a specific mental

approach. In the deep relaxation condition, one feels physically relaxed, somewhat

detached from the immediate environment, and usually even detached from body

sensations. It involves a feeling of voluntary and comfortable abandonment of one’s

conscious control and stewardship over major body functions. One’s mental activity in

the deep relaxation state can range from controlled concentration on positive images or

messages, to drifting free association, to the “neutral silence” characteristic of

meditation. Deep relaxation is profoundly restful condition. People who enter this state

for 15 to 20 minutes open their eyes later feeling a pronounced sense of peacefulness

and release from all tension. Most people also report feelings of optimistic cheerfulness,

kindliness toward and acceptance of others and general good humor. Physiologists also

report dramatic changes in certain key body measurements such as heart rate,

breathing rate, blood pressure, and skin temperature. (Callahan,1986)

2.3.1.2 Time management

Time management is good time-management skills are critical for effective stress

control. In particular, learning to prioritize tasks and avoid over-commitment are critical

measures to make sure that you're not overscheduled. Always using a calendar or

planner, and checking it faithfully before committing to anything, is one way to develop

time-management skills. An inability to manage tie can result in over commitment, a lack

of planning and missed deadlines. Strictly speaking, one does not manage time as such,

in that time moves at its own rate and is not subject to any effort to manipulate it. Time

management specialists have developed a number of useful techniques for gaining

control over one’s work life which are time log, structuring time and make a list. First is to

develop a time log. By jotting down the events that occur in typical day with the time

required for each activity, it is possible to learn where one’s time is being spent. Second

is structuring time. One can gain greater control over one’s life by structuring the day so

that time wasters are blocked or eliminated. Lastly is make a list where we need to

prepare a list of ‘things to do’.

2.3.1.3 Physical exercise


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One of the reasons why exercise is so popular today is that it is an effective

means of emotion-focused coping. Jogging, aerobics, swimming, tennis, and walking are

just a few of the types of exercise that employees ranging from entry-level of ages use to

cope with stressors in an emotion-focused way. Regular exercise can reduce stress,

improve cardiovascular functioning, and enhance well-being. Many physicians believe

that the single most important indicator of health is cardiovascular activities such as

jogging, walking, bicycling and swimming. In a study of the effects of exercise, middle-

aged men were divided into two groups, exercisers who completed a jogging program

and exercisers. Both groups were tested before and after experiencing three emotions:

anxiety, depression and hostility. The exercisers showed significantly greater reductions

in all three stress emotions as compared to the non-exercise group.

2.3.1.4 Social support technique

People naturally seek help from others-social support- when they are having

problems or feeling stressed. The social support of friends, relatives, co-workers, or

other people who care about you and are available to disscuss problems, give advise, or

just be with you can be an effective means of emotion-focused coping. Both the number

of people you can turn to and the quality of the relationship you have with those people

are important in helping to alleviate stress7

2.3.2 Dependent Variable

2.3.2.1. Effectiveness of Stress Management

7 Jennifer M. George, Gareth R. Jones: Understanding and Managing Organizational

Behavior, Fourth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey: 2005


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Stress, or the bodily reactions and response to emergency or difficult situations,

is a natural instinct that is embedded within all individuals in this world. A small dose of

stress not only helps the body in functioning perfectly, but also enables an individual to

be most creative and efficient at work when in stress. However, when stress becomes

too much, the body reacts in an extremely negative manner, leading to numerous

disorders and diseases, besides disrupting normal functioning and activities of life.

To help counter such effects of stress, Stress Management Therapy exists.

Stress Management Therapy refers to the techniques employed by psychiatrists,

doctors, and therapists, besides others, who help stressed individuals to relieve their

stress, tensions, and resume their lives in a normal, stress-free way. Extreme bodily

reactions to extreme levels of stress can not only hamper one’s professional life, but also

disrupt the social and personal life of an individual. Besides, personal problems, extreme

stress also different physiological and psychological disorders in the body such as

anxiety, chronic headaches, depression, withdrawal symptoms, nausea, phobias, blood

pressure, heart impairments, and many more.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research design


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Research design is the framework or blueprint for conducting the research

project. It specified the detail procedures necessary for obtaining the information needed

to answer research questions and solve the research problems.

Due to the nature of the study is quantitative research. By using these data, it

can help us in providing the number of UiTM’s students that may involve in our research

and also provide us with the insight and more understanding of the phenomena.

Quantitative data are those data that take numerical values such as monthly income,

age, number of students in class and also the distances. The data that can considered

as quantitative data is through questionnaires given to the students.

In addition, the data or information that we are collected can be divided into two

which is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is the data that originated by a

researcher for the specific purpose of addressing the problem at hand and the primary

data that we use in this research project is through questionnaire. On the other hand, the

secondary data is the data that already collected for other purposes than the problem in

hand. In this research project, the secondary data that involve is such as journals,

books, reports and newspapers. The sources of the data that we gather are from the

library and also from the internet web site.

3.2 Unit of analysis


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The unit of analysis that we use in our research project are based on UiTM

students is individual in order to gathered data from them.

3.3 Sample size

A sample is a sub-group of the target population that the researcher plans to

study for the purpose of making generalizations about the target population. However,

the population is a group of individuals that comprise the same characteristics.

Based on our research project, the population that we use is 6420 students of

UiTM Malacca. But, the sample size that we use is 100 KAG students as it consists of

5% of the whole student in UiTM. Our sample is all the students in UiTM from various

faculties here, which are Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, Faculty of

Education, Faculty of Office Management, Faculty of Hotel Management & Tourism,

Faculty of Business Studies, Faculty of Accounting, Faculty of Administrative Science &

Policy Studies, Faculty of Art & Design and Faculty of Information Technology &

Mathematics.

3.4 Sampling technique

Sampling is the process of selecting the right individuals, objects or events of

study. The sampling technique we use in our research project is simple random

sampling. Non-probability sampling is the selection of participant because they are

available, convent or represent some characteristic that we want to study. The type of

non-probability sampling that we use in this research is convenient sampling.

Convenient sampling is the collection of information from members of the population

who are conveniently available to provide it. It means we distribute the questionnaire to

100 respondents who are available to provide the information for our research.


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3.5 Measurement/Instrumentation

Instrument is a tool for measuring, observing or documenting quantitative data.

Objectives Concepts/constructs Measurement

1

To study the level of effectiveness

of stress managements among

students.

Effectiveness is a measure of the extent

to which an organization achieves the

purpose for which it exists.

The level of stress among students.

2 To identify the technique used by

the students to cope with stress

The ways that students can be use is

relaxation technique, physical technique,

time management and social support.

The method use by the students in managing

the stress

3 To identify the level of awareness

among students towards stress

management

Definition level of awareness the state or

level of consciousness where sense data

can be confirmed by an observer and the

awareness of one type of idea naturally

fosters an awareness of another idea

The level of awareness among students

towards stress management

4.

To recommend most effecting

technique to be applied by student

to manage.

The technique used by students in order

to handle stress.

The factors that contributes to the stress


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3.6 Data collection

Data collection is the process for collecting research data or information. Besides

that, in research it is also involve the collection of the new data. Usually, the collection of

research data is based on the nature of the research. For example, in our research

project we collect the data based on the students that have been involve in stress and

how they manage the stress.

We collect the data using survey research which is the instrument is based on

questionnaires. We have designed the questionnaires based on our title of the research

project. The questionnaires are designed to get feedback from the students regarding

the on the Students Perception Towards the Effectiveness on Stress Management

among the students. The questionnaires will be distributed to 100 students in UiTM

Malacca from various faculties and their feedback will be as they prove to our research.

The data that we collected is considered as a primary data because we design the

question that will be distributed to the students. It means we use the questionnaires for a

specific purpose in addressing the problem at hand.


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3.7 Data analysis

Objectives Variable/s Measurement Scale Statistics

To study the level of

effectiveness of

stress management

Definition of stress

management ability

to help oneself and

others prevent or

cope with stress

and maintain

personal wellness.

Level of stress 5 Likert scale Frequency,

percentage

To identify the

technique used by

the students to cope

with stress.

Relaxation

technique, Time

management

technique, Physical

exercise, and

Social support

technique

Methods use by the

students in

managing the stress

Nominal Frequency,

percentage

To identify the level

of awareness among

students towards

stress management.

Definition of

awareness is the

state or level of

consciousness

where sense data

can be confirmed

by an observer and

the awareness of

one type of idea

naturally fosters an

awareness of

another idea

Level of awareness

towards stress

management

Nominal Frequency,

percentage


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To recommend most

effective technique

to be applied by

student to manage

Definition of

students

performance is the

student

achievement in

academic aspects.

Numbers of students

who apply stress

management.

Nominal Frequency,

percentage


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Chapter 4: Research Findings

4.1 Introduction

This chapter will discuss about our findings base on the questionnaires that we

have distribute among the students in UiTM Campus Alor Gajah. Our findings were base

on the research objective of our research. The research was about A Study on the

Students Perception toward the Effectiveness of Stress Management Technique among

Students. The research findings are conducted in order to ensure that all the objectives

of our research is achieve.


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4.2 Respondent Profile

4.2.1 Respondent Profile base on Gender

Frequency TableGender

Frequency PercentValid

PercentCumulative

PercentValid Male 44 54.3 54.3 54.3

Female 37 45.7 45.7 100.0Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

Male Female

Gender

0

10

20

30

40

50

Co

un

t

Based on the table above show the gender of our respondents that is the student

in UiTM Campus Alor gajah Malacca. It shows that 54.3% of our male respondents was

are 44 students. On the other hand, 45.7% is the female that is 37 students.

4.2.2 Respondent Profile Base on Faculty


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Frequency TableFaculty

Frequency PercentValid

PercentCumulative

PercentValid Accounting 15 18.5 18.5 18.5 Education 2 2.5 2.5 21.0 Administration

Science & Policy Studies

12 14.8 14.8 35.8

Business Studies

7 8.6 8.6 44.4

Art & Design 6 7.4 7.4 51.9 Information

Techonology & Mathematic

5 6.2 6.2 58.0

Hotel Management & Tourism

5 6.2 6.2 64.2

Communication & Media Studies

23 28.4 28.4 92.6

Office Management

6 7.4 7.4 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0


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Graph

Faculty

0

5

10

15

20

25C

ou

nt

Based on the bar chart below indicate our respondents according to their faculty in UiTM

Campus Malacca. It can be seen that the highest respondents based on the faculty were

from Faculty of Communication and Media Studies that is 28.4% or 23 students.

Following with it is Faculty of Accounting that is 18.5% or 15 students, Faculty of

Administration Science and Policy Studies 14.8% that is 12 students, Faculty of

Business Studies 8.6% that is 7 students. Both Faculty of art and Design and Faculty of

office Management each indicate 7.4% that is 6 students for each faculty. For Faculty of

Information Technology and Mathematic and Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism

each get 6.2% that is 5 students. The lowest percentage respondents come from The

Faculty of Education that is 2.5% or just 2 students of our respondents.


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4.2.3 Respondent Profile base on Part Frequency Table

Part

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid 1 27 33.3 33.3 33.32 5 6.2 6.2 39.53 11 13.6 13.6 53.14 10 12.3 12.3 65.45 11 13.6 13.6 79.06 17 21.0 21.0 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

1 2 3 4 5 6

Part

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Co

un

t

Based on the table and bar chart above shows the percentages and frequency of

our respondents based on their part from Part 1 to Part 6. It can be seen that from the

bar chart that the highest percentages of our respondents come from Part 1 that is 27%

or 33 students followed with Part 6 that is Part 6 for 21.0% or 17 students. The students

from Part 3 and Part 5 each indicate 13.6% or 11 students. Respondents from Part 4

indicate 12.3% or 10 students and the lowest percentage of our respondents based on

part comes from Part 2 that is 6.2% or 5 students.


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4.2.4 Respondent Profile base on CGPA

Frequency Table

CGPA

Frequen

cy PercentValid

PercentCumulative Percent

Valid 2.00 - 3.00

20 24.7 24.7 24.7

Above 3.00

34 42.0 42.0 66.7

Not Available

27 33.3 33.3 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

2.00 - 3.00 Above 3.00 Not Available

CGPA

0

10

20

30

40

Co

un

t

Based on the table and bar chart indicate of our respondent’s base on their

CGPA. The highest percentages of their CGPA above3.00 was 42.0% or 34 students

followed with 33.3% were not available that were the students from Part 1 that is newly

students. The lowest percentages of the CGPA were 24.7% that is 20 students on the

2.00-3.00 of their CGPA.


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4.3 Findings by Objectives

4.3.1 Objective 1: To identify the level of effectiveness of stress management among students.

4.3.1.1 I think stress management is very effective to be practiced by students.

Frequency table

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

PercentValid Strongly

disagree 2 2.5 2.5 2.5

Disagree2 2.5 2.5 4.9

Neither agree nor disagree

15 18.5 18.5 23.5

Agree37 45.7 45.7 69.1

Strongly agree 25 30.9 30.9 100.0

Total

81 100.0 100.0

GraphDiploma in Public Administration PAD340: Research Proposal for Project Paper 32 / 67

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Strongly disagree

Disagree Neither agree nor disagree

Agree Strongly agree

I think stress management is very effective to be practiced by students.

0

10

20

30

40C

ou

nt

The table shows that 45.7 percent of the students agree that the stress

management is very effective to be practiced by students with 37 out of 81 respondents.

Thus, the strongly agree also get high percent which is 30.9 percent with 25 frequency.

The strongly disagree and disagree get the similar percent, which is only 2.5 percent.

Both strongly disagree and disagree have same frequency which is 2. It shows that

majority of the students agree the stress management to be practiced by students.

4.3.1.2 If I'm under stressful condition, I would definitely practice stress management technique


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Frequency table



disagree2 2.5 2.5 2.5

Disagree 4 4.9 4.9 7.4


36 44.4 44.4 51.9

Agree 31 38.3 38.3 90.1

Strongly agree

8 9.9 9.9 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0


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Strongly disagree



If I'm under stressful condition, I would definitely practice stress management technique

0

10

20

30

40

Co

un

t

Next, the higher percent which is 44.4 percent with 36 frequency shows that

certain students neither agree nor disagree practice stress management technique when

they under stressful conditions. But the percentage of agree and strongly agree when

practice stress management technique if they under stressful condition shows higher,

which is 38.3 percent with 31 respondents and 9.9 percent with 8 respondents compare

to strongly disagree and disagree which is only 2.5 percent and 4.9 percent. Only 2

respondents strongly disagree and 4 respondents disagree. It can be explain that most

of the students definitely agree practice stress management technique if they under

stressful condition.


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4.3.1.3 In my opinion, stress management technique cannot help in reducing stress among students

Frequency Table




disagree13 16.0 16.0 16.0

Disagree 27 33.3 33.3 49.4


30 37.0 37.0 86.4

Agree 8 9.9 9.9 96.3

Strongly agree

3 3.7 3.7 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

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Graph

Strongly disagree



In my opinion, stress management technique cannot help in reducing stress among students.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Co

un

t

The frequency table proves that neither agree nor disagree stated that the

highest percent which is 37.0 percent with 30 frequency. The percent also shows that

the students agree that the stress management technique cannot help in reducing stress

among students. The strongly agree stated only 3.7 percent with 3 frequency and 9.9

percent agree with only 8 frequency. In contrast, most of students disagree with 33.3

percent which is 27 respondents and strongly disagree 16 percent with 13 respondents.

It shows that the stress management technique help in reducing stress among students.


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4.3.1.4 Even though I get enough sleep but I still having stress especially during examination

Frequency Table



disagree2 2.5 2.5 2.5

Disagree 11 13.6 13.6 16.0

Neither agree nor disagree 19 23.5 23.5 39.5

Agree 29 35.8 35.8 75.3

Strongly agree

20 24.7 24.7 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0


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Graph

Strongly disagree



Even though I get enough sleep but I still having stress especially during examination

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Co

un

t

This table explains that 29 respondents with 35.8 percent of the students agree

even though they get enough sleep but they still have stress especially during

examination. The second highest is 24.7 percent with 20 respondents strongly agree

having stress especially during examination even though they get enough sleep. The

neither agree nor disagree find 23.5 percent with 19 respondents. Only 2 respondents

strongly disagree with 2.5 percent and 11 respondents disagree with 13.6 percent. It

shows that majority of the students agree that even though they get enough sleep but

they still having stress especially during examination.


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4.3.1.5 I definitely know the benefit of practicing stress management

Frequency Table

Graph

Strongly disagree



I definitely know the benefit of practicing stress management

0

10

20

30

Co

un

t

Based on the table, the highest percent which is 38.3 percent is neither agrees

nor disagrees with 31 respondents. The second highest is 29.6 percent with 24

respondents agree and strongly agree get less percents which is 11.1 percent with 9

respondents. Then, only 4 respondents strongly disagree with 4.9 percent and 13

respondents disagree with 16 percent. It shows that most of the students definitely know

the benefit of practicing stress management.

4.3.2Objective 2:




disagree4 4.9 4.9 4.9

Disagree 13 16.0 16.0 21.0


31 38.3 38.3 59.3

Agree 24 29.6 29.6 88.9

Strongly agree

9 11.1 11.1 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

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To identify the technique used by the students to cope with stress

4.3.2.1 Technique used by students

Frequency Table

Technique used by students

Freque

ncy

Perce

nt

Valid

Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Relaxation

technique37 45.7 45.7 45.7

Time

Management9 11.1 11.1 56.8

Physical exercise 9 11.1 11.1 67.9

Social support

technique26 32.1 32.1 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph


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Relaxation technique

Time Management Physical exercise Social support technique


0

10

20

30

40

50

Per

cen

t


Based on the table and bar chart above, it is shows the techniques use by

students to cope with stress. The techniques are relaxation technique, time

management, physical exercise and social support technique. The highest technique

use by students is relaxation technique which indicates 45.7% that equal to 27 students.

The second highest technique use by students is social support technique which is

32.1% that equal to 26 students. The lowest technique use by students are time

management and physical exercise which is 11.1% each that equal to 9 students.

4.3.3 Objective 3: To identify the level of awareness among students toward stress management


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4.3.3.1 I definitely know about stress management technique

Frequency Table

I definitely know about stress management technique.



disagree6 7.4 7.4 7.4

Disagree 15 18.5 18.5 25.9


Agree 22 27.2 27.2 91.4

Strongly agree 7 8.6 8.6 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph


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Strongly disagree




0

10

20

30

40

Pe

rce

nt


Based on the bar chart below shows the percentages of respondents definitely know

about stress management technique. It can be seen that 38.3% of the respondent

which represent 31 students neither agree nor disagree know about stress management

but we can see that the respondent that agree on definitely know about stress

management technique indicate 27.2% with 22 number of student. The bar skewed and

shows that most of the respondents are agreed on they definitely know about stress

management technique. The third highest showed in the bar chart is there is 18.5% of

students know about stress management technique which it consist of 15 number of

student. Next is there is 7 students strongly agree know about the stress management

technique which it indicates 8.6% as showed in the bar chart. Only 7.4% that strongly

disagree on definitely know about the stress management technique.

4.3.3.2 I practice stress management technique whenever I’m in

stress.


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Frequency Table

I practice stress management technique whenever I'm in stress



disagree7 8.6 8.6 8.6

Disagree 10 12.3 12.3 21.0


36 44.4 44.4 65.4

Agree 25 30.9 30.9 96.3

Strongly agree

3 3.7 3.7 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph


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Strongly disagree




0

10

20

30

40

50

Pe

rce

nt


The bar chart shows that students practice stress management technique whenever

they’re in stress. The highest is 44% with 36 number of students neither agree nor

disagree in practicing stress management whenever they’re in stress. We can see that

30.9% which 25 students agree and the third highest is disagree with 10 students

indicates 12.3% as showed in the bar chart in students practice stress management

technique whenever they’re in stress. Next is 7 students strongly disagree in practice

stress management technique when they’re in stress indicates 8.6%. Lastly, only 3

students strongly agree in practice stress management technique which it presents 3.7%

in the bar chart above.

4.3.3.3 Stress management techniques give benefits to reduce my stress


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Frequency Table

Stress management techniques give benefits to reduce my stress



disagree2 2.5 2.5 2.5

Disagree 8 9.9 9.9 12.3


28 34.6 34.6 46.9

Agree 36 44.4 44.4 91.4

Strongly agree

7 8.6 8.6 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph


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Strongly disagree



Stress management techniques give benefits to reduce my stress

0

10

20

30

40

50

Per

cen

tStress management techniques give benefits to reduce my

stress

Bar chart above shows 36 students agree that stress management techniques give

benefits to reduce their stress indicates 44.4%. The second highest in the bar chart is

students neither agree nor disagree the stress management techniques give benefits to

refuse their stress indicates 34.6% which it represent of 28 students. There are 8

students who disagree that stress management techniques give benefits with

percentage 9.9%. We can see that 7 students indicates 8.6% as showed in the bar chart

strongly agree that stress management techniques give benefits to reduce their stress.

The least with 2.5% represents 2 students strongly disagree that stress management

techniques give benefits to reduce their stress.

4.3.3.4 Stress management influence my education achievement


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Frequency Table

Stress management influence my education achievement

Graph




disagree4 4.9 4.9 4.9

Disagree 13 16.0 16.0 21.0


Agree 26 32.1 32.1 85.2

Strongly agree

12 14.8 14.8 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

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Strongly disagree



Stress management influence my education achievement

0

10

20

30

40

Per

cen

tStress management influence my education achievement

The bar chart above shows that stress management influence their education

achievement. There are 26 students presented by 32.1% agree and in the same time

neither agree nor disagree that stress management influence their education

achievement. The third highest in the bar chart is disagree that stress management

influence their education achievement with 16% which represent 13 students. Fourth

highest is 12 students presented by 14.8% strongly agree that stress management

influence their education achievement.

4.3.3.5 Sometimes students do not recognize the important of stress management


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Frequency Table

Sometimes students do not recognize the important of stress management



disagree6 7.4 7.4 7.4

Disagree 18 22.2 22.2 29.6


Agree 21 25.9 25.9 93.8

Strongly agree 5 6.2 6.2 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph


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Strongly disagree



Sometimes students do not recognize the important of stress management

0

10

20

30

40

Per

cen

tSometimes students do not recognize the important of stress

management

The bar chart shows that sometimes students do not recognize the important of stress

management. As shown by the bar chart above, 38.3% represent 31 students neither

agree nor disagree but we can see that the second highest in the bar with 25.9%

represent 21 students agree that sometimes student do not recognize the important of

the stress management. The third highest in the bar chart is 18 student with percentage

22.2 disagree that sometimes student do not recognize the important of stress

management. The fourth highest is strongly disagree on sometimes student do not

recognize the important of stress management indicates 7.4% which it represents 6

students. The lowest bar in the bar chart above with 6.2% presents 5 students strongly

disagree that sometime student do not recognize the important of stress management.

4.3.3.6 Students do not know whether they are having stress or not


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Frequency Table

Students do not know whether they are having stress or not



disagree6 7.4 7.4 7.4

Disagree 18 22.2 22.2 29.6


Agree 24 29.6 29.6 86.4

Strongly agree 11 13.6 13.6 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph


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Strongly disagree



Students do not know whether they are having stress or not

0

5

10

15

20

25C

ou

nt

The bar chart above shows that students do not know whether they are having stress or

not. The highest bar as shown in the bar chart with percentage 29.6 represents 24

students that agree students do not know whether they are having stress or not.

Followed by 27.2% which consist of 22 students that neither agree nor disagree on

students o not know whether they are having stress or not. The third highest is students

disagree which it indicates 22.2% in the bar chart that represent 18 students about

students do not know whether they are having stress or not. Next, is followed by strongly

agree by 11 students that presents 13.6% on students do not know whether they are

having stress or not. The lowest bar in the bar chart above is strongly disagree by 6

students that presents 7.4% in the chart about students do not know whether they are

having stress or not.

4.3.4 Objective 4: To recommend the most effective technique to be applied by


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Students to manage

4.3.4.1 Yoga or meditation

Frequency Table

Yoga or meditation


PercentValid Agree 8 9.9 9.9 9.9

Disagree 73 90.1 90.1 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

Agree Disagree

Yoga or meditation

0

20

40

60

80

100

Perc

en

t

Yoga or meditation

4.3.4.2 Get enough sleep


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Frequency table

Get enough sleep



Disagree 39 48.1 48.1 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

Agree Disagree

Get enough sleep

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Per

cen

t

Get enough sleep

4.3.4.3 Arrange the schedule


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Frequency table

Arrange the schedule



Disagree 56 69.1 69.1 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

Agree Disagree


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Perc

en

t


4.3.4.4 Hanging out with friends or family members


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Frequency table

Hanging out with friends or family members



Disagree 29 35.8 35.8 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

Agree Disagree


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Perce

nt


4.3.4.5 Exercise or swimming or jogging

Frequency tableDiploma in Public Administration PAD340: Research Proposal for Project Paper 58 / 67

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Exercise or swimming or jogging



Disagree 58 71.6 71.6 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

Agree Disagree


0

20

40

60

80

Perc

en

t


4.3.4.6 Music Therapy

Frequency table


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Music therapy



Disagree 38 46.9 46.9 100.0

Total 81 100.0 100.0

Graph

Agree Disagree

Music therapy

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Pe

rc

en

t

Music therapy

Based on the frequency table above, it show the most effective technique that

need to be used by the students to cope with stress. It can been seen that 52 students

which is 64.2% of UiTM Melaka, Campus Alor Gajah agreed that hanging out with

friends or family members are the most effective technique that need to be used in order

to cope with stress. The second technique that been choose by the students is music

therapy which is 53.1% with 43 students agreed with that technique. The last technique

that less give effective to them is yoga or meditation which is 9.9% with 8 out of 81

students agreed.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion


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After we have distributed 100 questionnaires to our respondents that is the

students from UiTM Campus Alor Gajah, Malacca, we manage to collected 81

questionnaires back and the rest 19 questionnaires could not be use because the data

assume as invalid. It is because most of our respondents could not understanding the

instruction of the questionnaires. As a result, we only select the 81 valid questionnaires

data to be analyze in our research about the student’s perception towards the

effectiveness of stress management technique among students.

The first objective is to identify the level of effectiveness of stress management

among students. Majority of students agree the stress management is very effective be

practiced by students. It is because by practice stress management they can know how

to face the problem occurred rightly and do the task properly without any pressure.

Without practiced stress management they do not know how to handle the problem and

it can caused error in the task. Followed by those respondents that disagree the stress

management is very effective to be practiced by students. Regularly, students that do

not practice stress management effectively will have the problem and do not know how

to overcome it. These types of students maybe do not familiar with stress management

and think that if they practice stress management, it can makes the problem become

worst and waste their time.

Besides that, the research is achieved its objective because the majority of the

students practiced stress management technique if they under stressful condition. It is

because they know how to face the problem by using the best stress management

technique like relaxation technique, time management, physical exercise, and social

support. It will help them to handle the problem that they have. The activities that they

will do must be a good example because the wrong technique will not help to reduce

stress. Then, iIf the stress management technique do not adapt by students, it can

caused the students face problem to perform their task appropriately. Students must

know which technique that they comfortable and suit to apply in order to settle down

their problems. Without the correct and suitable technique, it can give bad impact to

them.

The next point is even though they get enough sleep but still having stress

especially during examination. It is because maybe they think the way or the technique


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used is not effective. Study in stress usually influence the understanding towards the

subject and it is not good to practiced although they have finish study and get enough

sleep. So that, the students must arrange their schedule effectively in order to ensure

the good performance during the examination. The majority of students also know the

benefit of practicing the stress management. It is important because if they do not

practice stress management it will influence their education achievement itself.

The second objective of our research is to identify the technique used by the

students to cope with stress. Majority of UiTM Campus Alor Gajah, Malacca students

choose to use relaxation technique in order to cope with stress. They choose relaxation

technique because they can apply this technique easily whenever they get stress.

Examples of relaxation technique are like meditation, music therapy, reading, sleep,

watching TV or movies and shopping. It is shows that the relaxation technique is the

most effective ways choose by students to cope with stress.

Besides that, UiTM Malacca students also choose social support technique as

the second preferable technique because it makes them feel better and more

comfortable. This is because when they meet friends and family members, they can

share their problems with others. They also can try to solve the problems together and

can less their burden. Time management also one of the technique that have been

choose by the students in order to cope with stress. Examples of time management are

do schedule, do the important thing first, structuring time and make a list. If they make

the schedule, they are able to manage their time properly without wasting their time.

When the students choose time management as the technique to cope with stress, they

will know what is priority. It means that they will do the important things first follow by the

others matters.

Another technique that choose by UiTM Malacca students is physical exercise.

They choose physical exercise technique because by doing that exercise they can get

more healthy mind and body. Examples of physical exercise are like jogging, swimming,

workout in gym, skating and boxing.


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Another objective is to identify the level of awareness among students towards

stress management. Most of the students agree that they definitely know about the

stress management techniques. It is because some of them have acknowledged about

the stress management techniques like how to relax and to whom they should talk to.

For the students who disagree about they definitely know about stress management

technique is because some of them do not know how to calm or control themselves from

being stress. It is found that these students usually will have emotion unstable like

having bad temper, yell towards others and get involve with fight. These explained well

towards the student who practice stress management whereby when they know that

they are under stress and know how to handle it, they will practice it and it really works

for them. On the other hand, for those who does not know or aware about the stress

management usually will face more problems and be very stressful. As in our

research, most of our respondents agree that stress management techniques give

benefits in reducing their stress. They apply the techniques which they feel easy to apply

and which they feel better and comfortable with. Some of the respondents, who do not

apply stress management, do not sure if stress management benefit can really reduce

their stress. Many students agree about stress management can influence their

academic and believed by practicing stress management frequently can improve their

academic achievement. We can see that the awareness among students is high and can

be seen that they know when and how to apply. Many students proved that by knowing

about stress management, they manage to control themselves whenever they are in

stress.

The last objective of our research is to recommend the most effective technique

to be applied by students to manage. It can be conclude that the most effective

technique that needs to be used by the students to cope with stress is hanging out with

friends or family members. This is because, with this technique, the students can be

more relax and can set their mind free. Other than that, they can have a fun with their

friends or family members and can forget their problems when they hang out.

5.2 Recommendations

5.2.1 To the UiTM

The students said that they will become very stressful or hypertension if they do

not practice the stress management to cope with stress. So, the administration of UiTM


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need to implement a programs or activities to the students so that they will not thinking

about their problems or anything that can lead them to become stress. For example like

encourage students to meet the counselor and share their problems. By sharing the

problems, it will reduce the stress of the students and also can encourage closer

relationship between the students and UiTM.

Besides that, UiTM are also recommended to arrange the students’ schedule to

be more relaxed and not too pack for the students. It is to ensure that the students have

their own time to release themselves from getting stress and manage their time to do

assignment, hanging around with friends, take a rest and other activities.

5.2.2 To the students

If the students do not practice the stress management, their emotion will not stable.

In order to cope with stress, it is recommended to the students can doing the physical Diploma in Public Administration PAD340: Research Proposal for Project Paper 64 / 67

Project Paper

exercise technique such as jogging, swimming and more. If they use this technique, they

can set their mind free and make them become healthier. Besides that, the students also

recommended to meet the counselor to advice them in order to reduce their stress. They

can meet the counselor if they have any problems regarding their studies. By meet the

counselor, they may know how to manage their studies in order to be success in their

education and get better achievement.

Headache and fall ill is one of the effects that will happen to the students if they do

not practice the stress management to cope with their stress. So, in order to reduce

their stress, students need to have enough sleep because it is the easier and simplest

way to cope with stress. On the other hand, some of the students said that they will

commit to suicide if they cannot cope with stress. This is not a good way to solve the

problems. So, they need to practice the social support technique where they need to talk

and share the problems with their friends and family members in order to solve their

stress. Other than that, they can hang out with their friends and also family members. It

will create more problems if the students do not practice the stress management in order

to cope with stress. In order to reduce the stress, the students need to practice the time

management technique. For example, they need to make a list or do a schedule on any

activities that they want to do according to the priority of that activities. They also need to

do the important thing first so that there will no problems occur.

REFERENCES

Books

Phillip L. Hunsaker, Curtis W. Cook, 1986, Managing Organizational Behavior, Addision

– Wesley Publishing Company, Canada.


Project Paper

Stuart M. Klein and R. Richard Ritti, 1984, Understanding Organizational Behavior, 2nd

Edition, Kent Publishing Company, USA.

US Wood, Wallace, Zeffane, Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 1998, Organisational

Behaviour An Asia-Pacific Perspective, USA

Paul D. Sweeney, Dean B. McFarlin, 2002, Organizational Behavior Solution For

Management, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, New York.

John M.Ivancevich, Micheal T. Matteson, 1993, Organizational Behavior and

Management, 3rd Edition, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, USA.

Robert E. Callahan, C. Patrick Fleenor, Harry R. Knudson, 1986, Understanding

Organizational Behavior A Managerial Viewpoint, Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co, USA.

Journals:

Website:


http://www4.uitm.edu.my/uitm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71&Itemid=119

http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/effectiveness.htm

http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20080610-70006.html

http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?

y=2008&dt=0118&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Forum&pg=fo_01.htm


http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=0118&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Forum&pg=fo_01.htm

http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=0118&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Forum&pg=fo_01.htm

http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20080610-70006.html

http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/effectiveness.htm




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