Fse2120 -RESTORATIVE ARTS CH 6

The Organ of hearing consisting of the external ear, middle ear, and internal ear.


Helix The outer rim of the ear has the general shape of

a question mark. It begins superior to the lobe and ends by attaching to the cheek

Scapha The fossa between the inner and outer rims of

the ear. It is the shallowest depression of the ear. Antihelix

The inner rim of the ear. It starts at the superior border of the lobe and continues upward until it ends by becoming the crura. It forms the superior and posterior walls of the concha.


Crura The superior and anterior bifurcating branches

of the antihelix Triangular Fossa

Depression between the crura. The second deepest depression of the ear.

Concha Concave shell of the ear; the deepest depression

of the ear located posterior and superior to the ear passage


Tragus An elevation protecting the ear passage. Arises

from the posterior margin of the lateral cheek. Antitragus

A small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus. Located on the superior border of the lobe of the ear.

Intertragic Notch A notch or opening between the tragus and the

antitragus of the ear


Lobe The inferior fatty 1/3 of the ear; most inferior

part of the ear. Attaches to the cheek Crus

The origin of the helix that is flattened and ends in the concha.


The prominent organ of smell located in the center or middle 1/3 of the face. It is the beginning of the respiratory tract and is triangular or pyramidal in shape.


Leptorrhine A classification given to a nose that is long,

narrow, and high bridged – common to individuals of Western European descent.


Platyrrhine A classification that is given to a nose that it

short, broad, and has a minimum of projection; common to individuals of African descent.


Mesorrhine A classification given to a nose that is medium

broad and medium low bridged; predominant among people of Asian descent.


Straight Grecian, characterized as straight from tip to

root.


Convex Roman, Aquiline, or hooked. Curved, as the beak

of an eagle, a nose that has a hook as seen from a profile; may exhibit a hump in the bridge.


Concave Snub, pug, infantine, or retrousse. Characterized

by a dip in the bridge and turned up at the end.


Nasal Bones The paired nasal bones are inferior to the

glabella, forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity

Nasal Cavity The orifice in the bony face bounded by the

margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla.


Nasal Spine of the Maxilla The sharp, bony projection located medially at

the inferior margin of the nasal cavity. This indicates the bony length of the nose.

Major Cartilages Septum and superior lateral cartilages


Dorsum The anterior protruding ridge of the nose

extending from root to tip. It includes the bridge. Root

The apex (top) of the pyramidal mass of the nose, which lies directly inferior to the forehead. The concave dip inferior to the forehead.


Bridge Dome over the nasal cavity. Point of greatest

projection. The arched portion of the nose supported by the nasal bones.

Wings Lateral Lobes of the nose. The widest part of the

nose bordered by the nasal sulcus and anterior nares.

Columna Nasi The fleshy termination of the nasal septum at

the base of the nose located between the nostrils. The most inferior part of the nose.


Anterior Nares External nostril openings.

Sides of the Nose Lateral walls of the nose located between the

wings of the nose and bridge. They recede laterally from the dorsum.

Protruding lobe of the nose The rounded anterior projection of the tip of the

nose.


Distortion A state of being twisted or pushed out of natural

shape or position. A nose can be distorted by cancer, superficial

pressure, or by fractures.


Cancer in one cheek can pull the nose to the opposite side due to natural tension of muscles.

Treatment Correct with sutures to pull back into place. Temporary suture to hold in place while

embalming, excise tumor, remove temporary sutures then suture permanently into place.


May occur if deceased was in a prone position, result of embalming improperly, or the result of some type of facial covering.

Treatment Mortuary Putty, non-absorbent cotton, or other

packing material inserted into the nares. For minor distortion, light massage or pressure

against the distorted side during embalming may be sufficient.


Treatment If skin intact, fractured nasal bones may be

externally manipulated back into position. Nasal cavity is then packed with putty, non-

absorbent cotton, or other packing material.


This may be result of a tube or other medical device that was in the nares for an extended period of time.

Treatment Tissue must be clean, firm, and dry. Necrotic Tissue excised Wax may be used for this restoration.


The Cavity in which mastication takes place. It is the beginning of the alimentary canal.


Maxillary The superior jaw protrudes

Mandibular The inferior jaw protrudes

Example of Maxillary Prognathism


Dental Oblique insertion of the teeth; front teeth

protrude Alveolar

Sockets of the teeth are inclined.


Contact family to determine if they wish to show or not show the teeth


Clean visible teeth. Use an abrasive toothpaste or something like Comet/Borax

Dry teeth well You may wish to paint the teeth with a clear

nail polish


Mouth is closed using normal methods in a non-visible location.

Use an adhesive for any areas of the mouth that need to be closed.


Close the mouth using normal methods. Treating the lips to bring them close

together is done prior to arterial injection Cover area in Massage Cream

before/during/after embalming to prevent dehydration


You may need to use a mouth former to assist you. You may also use very coarse sandpaper cut into

proper shape Both lips can be stretched and then sutured

closed. You may need to cut the upper and lower

frenulum.


Sutures can be made along the margin of the weather line. Use soft wax to hide along line of closure.

Wet cotton slings can be used during embalming to help keep lips closed.

Some embalmers use straight pins but this is not recommended by your instructor


Dislocate the lower jaw. This is not recommended by your instructor. If you elect this, get permission in WRITING.


Remove teeth. Get this in writing. Hire the proper person to extract the teeth (Dentist) or have a family member do it. FD/EMBs are not qualified for teeth extraction.

Lips will need to be clean, dry, and free of massage cream when using any adhesive.


Superior Integumentary Lip The area between the base of the nose and the

superior margin of the superior mucous membrane.

Inferior Integumentary Lip That area between the inferior margin of the

inferior mucous membrane and the mental eminence.


Mucous Membrane The visible red surfaces of the lips; the lining of

the membrane of body cavities that open to the exterior.

Superior Mucous Membrane (Upper lip) The upper margin has the shape of the classic

hunting bow. The medial lobe is found in the center of the membrane. Narrows laterally as it disappears before reaching the end of the line of closure. Contains two high peaks slightly off center on either side of the dipping curve.


Inferior Mucous Membrane (Lower Lip) Is thicker than the superior mucous membrane.

Lies posterior to the upper mucous membrane. Weather Line

The line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of the mucous membranes. The area where adhesive is applied to keep the lips closed.


Medial Lobe The tiny prominence on the midline of the

superior mucous membrane. Lines of Closure

The line that forms between the two mucous membranes when the mouth is closed and the lips come in contact with each other. Usually located at the lower border of the upper teeth. Has the shape of a classic hunting bow.


Expression changes after embalming You may need to make a change because of

something you are not satisfied with or the family may request you to make a change.

This is usually something incorrect with the eyes, nose mouth, or cosmetics.


Subtract or add filling material Loosen or tighten injector needles.

If too tight wrinkles will form on upper integumentary lip.

If too loose there may be a frown like appearance.


Inject Tissue Building into the angulus oris eminences or the nasolabial folds.


To make the mouth look shorter due to overstretching by articulation, gravity, or loss of muscle firmness Ends of mouth closure are same level as center

of eye Fill in line of closure with wax Use cosmetic to hide wax Lip coloring may also be applied


Lip cosmetic may be applied to make the mucous membranes appear fuller or narrower

If they are not as full, use tissue builder via hypodermic injection


Change lip color or the amount of color that is used, this may be the only problem.


Close mouth using normal methods. Be careful about ensuring proper alignment – not too tight or too loose.

Recreate natural form of mouth using cotton, mastic, or mouth former. The mouth former may be placed on top of the

wax, cotton, or mastic. Lips are then sealed shut with an adhesive

behind the weather line.


Ensure lips are dry Apply adhesive behind weather line Allow a few moments for adhesive to dry Bring lips together and hold for a few moments,

then release. Use solvent for any visible excess


The organ of vision, which occupies the anterior part of the orbital cavity.


Superior Palpebrae (upper eyelid) The upper lid is wider than the lower lid.

Vertically it is nearly three times as large as the lower lid. When naturally closed, it covers the cornea. The lower margin is what forms the line of eye closure. The point of greatest projection for the closed eye is just off center medially.


Inferior Palpebrae (lower eyelid) The lower lid is narrowed and thinner than the

upper lid. It follows the eyeball and inclines from the line of closure. The upper lid overlaps the lower lid at the lateral end of the lower lid.


Line of eye closure The line that forms between the two eyelids

when they are closed, and which marks their place of contact with each other. Occurs in the lower third of the eye socket as a dipping curve. The upper lid covers two thirds and the lower lid, one third. The lateral end is inferior and posterior to the medial end. The two lids abut when they close but do not overlap.


Nasal Orbital Fossa A triangular concave depression superior to the

medial portion of the superior palpebrae. Superior Orbital Area

Region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae. Composed of muscle and fat, and it is deepest near the root of the nose.


Inner Canthus Small Elevation extending medially and

obliquely from the medial corner of the superior palpebrae. There are no eyelashes here.

Cilia Eyelashes – the fringe of hair edging the eyelids.

Irregular in length and spacing with cilia at the end of the line of eye closure. The cilia on the upper lid turn up and on the lower lid turn down.


Supercilium Eyebrows – hair that grows up and outward and

is unequal in length. It is denser near the glabella.


Sunken Eyes Inject Tissue Builder into the fatty tissue located

beneath the eyeball in the eye socket. Some embalmers inject mortuary putty instead

of tissue builder. Some embalmers will place cotton or wax under

an eye cap to raise the level of the eye


Discolored Lids Black eyes are also known as Ecchymosis Same treatment for any discoloration on the face Apply a bleaching compress externally Inject bleaching agent hypodermically with

smallest needle possible Attempt to cover with opaque cosmetic


Wrinkled Eyelids Cover entire eyelid with wax and reproduce

markings Excise part of the eyelid with wrinkles and

reproduce with wax Massage eyelid with massage cream and electric

spatula


Protruding Eyes If eye is swollen, apply digital pressure and/or

cotton and water compress If caused by gas or fluid in the cranial cavity

Insert trocar into one of the nares Forced through cribiform plate Aspirate cranial cavity Cavity fluid is injected Cotton with cavity fluid is used to seal the trocar

opening and nares You may also use wax/mastic instead of cotton to seal

hole. If necessary, surgically extract the eyeball.


Lacerated Eyelids Apply Massage cream to laceration and

surrounding area. Inject arterial solution normally After embalming dry lacerations and glue closed Apply wax, if necessary Radical Treatment: Excise eyelid and recreate in

wax.


Separated Eyelid Use an eye cap – remove any cotton or wax that

may be in the eye cavity unless you were recreating an eye.

Glue lid in proper position Stretch eyelid using aneurysm hooks or forceps Excise levator palpebrae superioris muscle Excise entire eyelid and recreate out of wax


Swollen Orbital Pouch Also known as “bags under the eyes” Apply direct digital pressure and/or cotton

compress Apply compress during arterial injection Apply massage cream and massage with electric

spatula Aspirate with hypodermic needle. Seal opening

with super glue


Dehydrated inner canthus Glue shut and wax


Fse2120 -RESTORATIVE ARTS CH 6

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Fse2120 -RESTORATIVE ARTS CH 6