FRQ
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Transcript of FRQ
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FRQFRQ
►Part A: primate city is the largest city in Part A: primate city is the largest city in a country AND is more than twice the a country AND is more than twice the size of the next largest. size of the next largest.
►Rank-size rule: The nth largest Rank-size rule: The nth largest settlement is 1/n of the largest. The settlement is 1/n of the largest. The third largest settlement is 1/3 of the third largest settlement is 1/3 of the largest. largest.
►Mexico City is a primate city and does Mexico City is a primate city and does not follow the rank-size rule. not follow the rank-size rule.
►Total: 3 pointsTotal: 3 points
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Two positive effects of primate Two positive effects of primate cities on economic cities on economic
development. (2points)development. (2points)► Advantages of agglomeration of economic activity.► Large market for goods and services.► Ability to offer high-end goods and services
(including education) because of larger threshold► population.► Advantages of enhanced flow of information and
ideas in large population.► Advantages of centralized transportation and
communication network.► Global trade opportunities; primate cities can
compete on a global scale and attract foreign investment.
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Two negative effects of primate Two negative effects of primate cities on economic development. cities on economic development.
(2points)(2points)► Unequal distribution of investments deters national
economic development.► Unequal economic and/or resource development.► Unequal distribution of wealth and/or power.► Transportation network (hub and spoke) prevents
equal accessibility to all regions.► Impact of centrifugal forces and difficulties of
political cohesion on economic development.► Brain drain — migration and unequal distribution of
education, entrepreneurship, opportunities.► Negative externalities, e.g., unsustainable
urbangrowth/slums/environmental impacts if these arerelated to economic development, e.g., burden on national economy to cope with problems.
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City ModelsCity Models
►For US cities the city models deal with For US cities the city models deal with socioeconomic status – aka class. socioeconomic status – aka class.
►Upper class, middle class, lower classUpper class, middle class, lower class
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Concentric Zone – Burgess Concentric Zone – Burgess ModelModel
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Bid Rent TheoryBid Rent Theory
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Burgess Model con’t.Burgess Model con’t.
►CBD is the centerCBD is the center►Everything is in relation to the CBDEverything is in relation to the CBD►Based on Chicago in the early 1900’sBased on Chicago in the early 1900’s►Problem: many upper class/wealthy Problem: many upper class/wealthy
individuals are moving closer to the individuals are moving closer to the CBD in neighborhoods: ex. – Gold CBD in neighborhoods: ex. – Gold Coast, Lincoln ParkCoast, Lincoln Park
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Sector Model – Homer HoytSector Model – Homer Hoyt
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Sector con’t.Sector con’t.
►CBD is still the focal point of this modelCBD is still the focal point of this model►Zones extend along transportation Zones extend along transportation
routesroutes►Also based on ChicagoAlso based on Chicago►This model describes Chicago much This model describes Chicago much
better than Burgess – specifically better than Burgess – specifically industrial sectors and high class industrial sectors and high class residentialresidential
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Multiple Nuclei – Harris and Multiple Nuclei – Harris and UllmanUllman
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Multiple Nuclei con’t.Multiple Nuclei con’t.
►Suggest urban growth is independent Suggest urban growth is independent of the CBDof the CBD
►Airports and universities support the Airports and universities support the multiple nuclei model. How? multiple nuclei model. How?
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Maps of IndianapolisMaps of Indianapolis
►The following maps of Indianapolis The following maps of Indianapolis reflect different data and all show a reflect different data and all show a different spatial pattern that different spatial pattern that represents one of the previous models. represents one of the previous models. Try to identify the model. Try to identify the model.
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Latin American City ModelLatin American City Model
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Latin American model con’tLatin American model con’t
►Wealthiest push out in an elite sector Wealthiest push out in an elite sector in a narrow spine with amenities for in a narrow spine with amenities for the richthe rich
►Squatter settlements are on the Squatter settlements are on the peripheryperiphery
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European CitiesEuropean Cities
►Most of the wealthy live close to the Most of the wealthy live close to the CBD – different from most American CBD – different from most American cities. cities.
►As a result most live in small houses, As a result most live in small houses, townhouse, and condos. townhouse, and condos.
►Where do most Europeans go for open Where do most Europeans go for open space? space?
►Most cities were built before carsMost cities were built before cars
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Vondel Park, AmsterdamVondel Park, Amsterdam
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Prague, Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
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Copenhagen, DenmarkCopenhagen, Denmark