From textbook to e textbook - yoni har carmel

FROM TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK

TO E-TEXTBOOKE-TEXTBOOK REGULATORY CHALLENGES

Yoni Har Carmel

The Center for Research and Development of Alternatives in Education

FROM TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK TO E-E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK:

REGULATORY CHALLENGES

Textbook Regulation Textbook

Regulation

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

The State Education Regulations (supervisory arrangements), 1956 § 21: “ No textbook shall be used for the purpose of teaching students within any educational institute, unless it has been approved in accordance with article 4(b)(4) [ …]”

The State Education Law, 1953

Article 4(d):

“ “Textbook”: a designated book for the use of students or teachers within an educational institute in accordance with a curriculum and published in any form or technology”

THE PURPOSE OF REGULATING THE USE OF THE PURPOSE OF REGULATING THE USE OF TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK

ObjectiveTo achieve conformity and consistency of

state wide curriculum

To assure the selection of textbook of highest quality

To reduce the private expense on textbooks

Textbook Regulatio

n

Regulator

School Publisher

Tulley Michael M., A Descriptive Study of the Intents of State-Level Textbook Adoption Processes, Educ. Evaluation & Pol'y Analysis 7 289 (1985)

THE TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESSTHE TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESS

Development Proposal Approval

Academic and Pedagogic

Evaluation

Price Approval

Post-Approval Conditions

PublisherAp

peal

THE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE POLICY MEASURESTHE POLICY MEASURES

The Intended Curriculum: what and how students should learn.

The Enacted Curriculum: what and how students are taught in schools.

The Learned Curriculum: what do students actually learn.

“Potentially Enacted Curriculum".



Evaluation

Price Approval


PublisherAp

peal

THE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE POLICY MEASURESTHE POLICY MEASURES

The National Program for Adapting the Israeli Education System to the 21st Century

“ […] to lead to the existence of

innovative pedagogy in the schools,

while integrating information and

communication technologies (ICT).”

FROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKFROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKDIGITAL LEARNINGDIGITAL LEARNING

Digital Learning

Tech

nolog

y Pedagogy

Content

eTextbook



Evaluation

Price Approval


PublisherAp

peal

Legal Clearance

TechnologicalStandards Compliance

Check

FROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKFROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKTHE E- TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESSTHE E- TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESS

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

Effective?


STAGE I – CHALLENGING THE STAGE I – CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSASSUMPTIONS


CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

The Textbook’s

Sources

of

Authority

The separation between author and reader

(Olson, 1989)

The norms of the educational institute

(Luke et al., 1989)

The teaching practices of the traditional pedagogy

(Baker & Freebody, 1989)



Object

(fixed, static, (linear

Nature of the Learning Material

Process

(modular, evolving ,

non- linear)

hyperlinks, learning object, media layers

E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK



Close, Physical,

Schematic

Learning Environment

Open, On-line ,Virtual

(distance learning, MOOCs, LMS, mobile

learning, BYOD)

E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK



Traditional pedagogy

Pedagogic Practices

Constructive pedagogy

(collaborative / active learning, High Order

Thinking)

E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK



AssumptionIn the Digital Age

Textbook acts as authority within the

classroom

A tool for enhancing the teachers’ and the students’ autonomy



E-Textbook Regulation

Relatively less likely to achieve consistency and conformity to

the state determined curriculum.


The textbook is a fixed object

The e-textbook is an evolving process




Limited in its capacity to assure the quality of e-textbook.

מכירה נוספת, ספרייה, צילומים, שוק יד שנייה




The price is the only factor on the private

expense

The publisher has control over possible

uses in the e-textbook




Fails to limit additional charges imposed by publishers.

E-Textbook

Regulation

Relatively less likely to achieve consistency and conformity to the

state determined curriculum.

Limited in its capacity to assure the quality of e-textbook.

Fails to limit additional charges imposed by publishers.



STAGE II - LOOKING FOR THE STAGE II - LOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVESALTERNATIVES


LOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVESLOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVES


CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

1. As technology advances a centralized governmental control over textbooks becomes less effective.

2. Technology affords substantial alternative or supplementary tools that can be utilized in order to achieve the same purposes.

THANK YOU

[email protected]

From textbook to e textbook - yoni har carmel

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