From open geographical data to tangible maps: improving the accessibility of maps for visually...
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From open geographical data to tangible maps:
improving the accessibility of maps for visually
impaired people
Julie Ducasse, Marc Macé, Christophe Jouffrais
1
http://www.irit.fr/accessimap/
http://www.cherchonspourvoir.org/fr/
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ACCESSIBILITY OF MAPS
• 285 millions of visually impaired people
• Maps and graphics are inherently inaccessible
• But necessary:
• For educational purposes
Orientation & Mobility
Geography
• For day-to-day life
Preparing an itinerary
Discovering a new city
General knowledge
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A raised-line map
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INTERACTIVE MAPS
Brock et al. Interactivity Improves Usability of Geographic Maps for Visually Impaired
People. in Human-Computer Interaction
Touch the map ! 1
• Touch sensitive devices with a tactile overlay : audio-
tactile maps
Can be explored with two hands
Are affordable
More usable than tactile maps
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INTERACTIVE MAPS
How to automate the production of
interactive tactile maps ?
How to enable a more dynamic exploration
and a more autonomous access ? 4
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DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB-BASED
AUTHORING EDITOR FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF TACTILE MAPS 5
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RELATED WORK & MOTIVATION
Producting tactile maps is time-consuming process
Two approaches to automate the production:
1/ Image recognition algorithms
• Input: a still image of a 2D map / a hand-drawn map
• Text detection, graphic simplification, etc.
2/ Adaptation of GIS data
• Based on tactile graphics guidelines
• Simplification of existing data
Output: digital file (SVG) + tactile overlay
Limitations
• How to adapt the symbols to the user’s needs ?
• How to choose the interactions ?
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FUNCTIONALITIES
1/ Selecting the original file (SVG or geographic location)
2/ Choosing the symbols
3/ Adding new points, lines, circles or polygons
4/ Editing or adding labels
5/ Selecting a layer of information
6/ Selecting or adding different pieces of information
7/ Specifying the interaction for each element
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EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
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BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS
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Possible to produce interactive tactile maps
• From an SVG file
• From OpenStreetMap
Not fully automatic (editing the symbols, printing the tactile
map, etc.)
Limits the user’s autonomy
Non editable
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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A
TABLETOP TANGIBLE INTERFACE
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MOTIVATIONS
Providing visually impaired users with
an autonomous and instantaneous access
to interactive maps
and dynamic “visualization”.
To enhance the number of functionalities
(annotation, exploration, distance computing, etc.)
To promptly build a simple map without assistance
Zoom, pan, add or remove objects depending on the
information the user want to access
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TANGIBLE INTERACTION
Tangible interface: when a physical representation is coupled
with a digital representation
ReacTable 1 Clutching at straws 2
1 Jordà et al.,“The reacTable : Exploring the Synergy between …” 2 McGookin et al., “Clutching at Straws: … .” CHI ’10
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CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLORATION OF TANGIBLE MAPS
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Tangible Reel
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CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLORATION OF TANGIBLE MAPS
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Tangible Reel
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EVALUATION
8 visually impaired users
1/ Construction of 4 maps of increasing complexity
2/ For each map, 3 questions: what are the names of the
start and end points of the line xx ?
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RESULTS
Number of success and failures
27 maps out of 32
were correctly reconstructed
Map 6: 2 minutes
Map 8 & 10: 3.5 minutes
Map 12: 4.5 minutes
90% of the answers to the exploration questions were correct 17
283 Tangible Reels
out of 288
were correctly placed
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FUTURE WORK
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TACTILE GRAPHICS
Extending our work to tactile graphics:
Bar charts
Geometric drawings
Organigrams
Schemas
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Dynamic exploration: zoom, pan, etc.