Frequency Planning Strategies

8/10/2019 Frequency Planning Strategies

1/24

Distributed with permission from Page 1 of 24TEC Telecommunications Engineering and Consulting Pte Ltd.All Rights Reserved.

Frequency Planning Methodology

Prepared by:

Nathan Paul

TEC Telecommunications and Consulting, Pte Ltd


2/24


Table of Contents

1. Introduction - Purpose of Frequency Planning ........................................................... 3

2. Theoretical Background of Frequency Planning ........................................................ 4

2.1. Estimation of C/I..................................................................................................... 5

2.2. Estimation of Cluster Size ...................................................................................... 7

2.3. Traffic Estimation ................................................................................................... 82.3.1. Cluster Size ......................................................................................................... 8

2.3.2. Traffic Loading and Quality ............................................................................... 8

3. Frequency Planning Strategy Scenarios.................................................................... 10

3.1. Basis of Frequency Planning ................................................................................ 10

3.2. Types of Frequency Planning Options.................................................................. 11

3.2.1. Uniform Frequency Planning............................................................................ 113.2.2. Non-Uniform Frequency Planning ................................................................... 12

3.2.3. Random Frequency Planning............................................................................ 123.2.4. 1/1 and 1/3 Frequency Planning ....................................................................... 13

3.3. Frequency Planning Methods ............................................................................... 13

4. Proposed Frequency Planning Methodology: ........................................................... 15

5. What is required to implement this Methodology: ................................................... 20

6. Appendix I - Burst Collision Probability.................................................................. 21


3/24


1. Introduction - Purpose of Frequency Planning

Frequency planning is the process of allocating channels in the most efficient manner

based upon the design of the network. A poor frequency plan will create interference andpoor quality. As a result, the system capacity can be lowered since frequency planning is

the balance between capacity and interference. However, even a very efficient frequency

plan will create interference. The ultimate aim then would be to:

1. Minimize the interference and;

2. Push the interference to less important areas.

The most efficient frequency plan will not be able to overcome the basic design

architecture of the sites. The capacity constraint will be the site design and the level of

efficiency that can be attained in frequency planning. The ultimate dependency of

capacity is on the selection of well-chosen sites. The choice of site location must have asits primary consideration the effective reuse of frequency. The frequency plan will only

be able to maximize the capacity to a certain limit.

The TEC and Metatron strategy is to develop and implement tools aimed at improving

the frequency planning efficiency. These strategies are to find the most efficient way ofusing the spectrum to balance quality and capacity. The frequency plan process to make

efficient use of the spectrum by using an intelligent heuristic algorithm to minimize the

costs in the allocation channels. It does not, however, guarantee that the network quality

and capacity can be improved incrementally and continuously. That is constrained bythe network design. Interference reduction methods and re-engineering strategies need

to be aligned with the spectrum strategies in order to achieve further capacity and quality

gains in the network.


4/24


2. Theoretical Background of Frequency Planning

The following section provides some theoretical background to some of the issues in

Frequency planning and the effectiveness of a particular strategy. This background

information is referenced in later sections and, therefore is provided for completeness.In addition, this information can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a frequency plan

prior to its implementation as well as when quantitative evaluations are not available (i.e.,

statistics, drive test results.)

Theoretically, cellular systems are evaluated in terms of Frequency Reuse and Cluster

sizes. Many theories have been developed based on uniform grid layouts and the

optimal spectral efficiency that can be obtained. In reality, it is difficult and rare toobtain a uniform grid layout. Also, in a dense urban environment, the reuse grid does not

always apply; many additional gains can be achieved by use of the clutter. Nevertheless,

these principles will be compared in order to ascertain the effectiveness of the frequency

strategies. This will assist in the choice of the frequency strategy in the absence ofquantitative results.

The goal will be to try to ascertain whether a planned reuse can be tightened. Theoretical

calculations based on cluster size and reuse as well as gains that may be achieved with

frequency hopping and DTX.

The first method would be to calculate the approximate C/I values that could be obtained

using 3-sector reuse scheme. Then calculating the C/I requirements using GSM features

of Frequency hopping and DTX. Based upon this C/I value a reuse cluster size of K canbe calculated. The K cluster size can be compared to the number of frequencies provided

by a partitioning plan as to whether it is adequate or not.

The second method is to calculate the spectrum constraints is to consider traffic loading.The GSM feature of frequency hopping is dependent upon the actual loading of the cells.

By evaluating the cells traffic with the possible number of interferers in the typical reuse

grid, the minimum number of frequencies that would have to be allocated to a MA-List

for frequency hopping can be determined. This number can then be compared to thenumber frequencies allocated in the partitioning plan.


5/24


2.1. Estimation of C/I

The C/I protection value can be calculated from the Cluster size (assuming the D/R

relationship) by the following formulas:

22

2478.1)3(6

)3(K

K

ionalOmnidirectI

C ==

law.powerlossnpropagatiotheirandsinterfereroftiersringforFactor

SizeCluster

5814.2)4()3(2

)3( 22

=

=

=+

=

K

KK

lDirectionaI

C

The results for 3-Sector directional antennas is calculated as follows:

Cluster Size and C/I

(3-Sector Cell)

K C/I dB

2.4 11.7

3 13.7

4 16.2

7 21.0

12 25.7


6/24


The GSM Recommendation 05.05 gives the following minimum interference protection

ratios:

Relation Frequency Spacing (kHz) Minimum C/I dB

Co-Channel 0 9

1stAdjacent Channel 200 -9

2nd

Adjacent Channel 400 -41

3rd

Adjacent Channel 600 -49

However, these protection ratios do not take into account shadow fading and additional

margins are required. The Cell Edge location probabilities from the Jakes curves are

used to determine the additional margin. The GSM recommendation 03.30 recommendsan additional 5 dB as the lognormal shadow margin for 90% Area Probability and 75%

Cell Edge Probability. The following C/I margin and Overall Co-channel C/Irequirement is given below for the Probability of Interference Free Reception:

Cell Edge

Probability

Cell Area

Probability

C/I Margin

= 7 dB

(Urban-GSM 3.30)

Co-Channel

C/I

Requirement

0.50 0.73 0 9

0.75 0.90 5 14

0.90 0.96 9 18

0.95 0.99 12 21

If the cell edge probability is 75%, the C/I requirement of 14dB. If DTX is applied then

an additional 2 dB can be gained for an overall C/I of 12. (This does not take into

account a neighbor hysterisis normally used as an interference margin.)


7/24


2.2. Estimation of Cluster Size

Working in reverse, the Cluster size can be calculated by estimating what C/I value can

be achieved. The minimum C/I for the BCCH carrier is 17 dB (considering it is not

hopping). For the TCH carriers with frequency hopping and DTX (2dB reduction) a C/I12dB would be required.

The Cluster Sizes calculated for various C/I values is as follows:

C/I and Cluster Size

(3-Sector Cell)

C/I K

3 0.9

6 1.2

9 1.8

10 2.0

11 2.2

12 2.5

13 2.8

14 3.1

15 3.5

16 3.9

17 4.4


8/24


2.3. Traffic Estimation

A proposed frequency partition can be evaluated in 2 ways related to traffic: Cluster Size

and the Quality impact of the traffic loading.

2.3.1. Cluster Size

Spectral efficiency is related to cluster size. The larger the cluster size the lower thespectral efficiency. By reducing the cluster size, the spectral efficiency is increased.

However, if the cluster size is reduced below the minimum C/I requirements, then the

capacity limit of the current design has been reached. The reuse of spectrum of thecarried traffic has been calculated as follows:

[ ( Carried Traffic * Spectrum per Time Slot ) ] / Total Bandwidth Mhz

[ ( Carried Traffic * 25 Khz ) / 1 Mhz ] / Total Bandwidth Mhz

2.3.2. Traffic Loading and Quality

The traffic loading has serious impact on the effectiveness of frequency hopping and as

result the quality of the network. The number of interferers that a typical cell is affected

by further compounds the traffic loading. Below is the typical number of interferers

that can be expected in a3-sector design:

Number of interfering cells with 3-sector directional antennas

Reuse Cluster Ring (Tier) around site

K 1 2 3 4 5

3 3 of 6 5 of 12 7 of 18 9 of 24 11 of 30

4 2 of 6 5 of 12 6 of 18 9 of 24 10 of 30

7 2 of 6 4 of 12 6 of 18 8 of 24 10 of 30

92 of 6 5 of 12 6 of 18 9 of 24 11 of 30

12 2 of 6 5 of 12 7 of 18 9 of 24 11 of 30


9/24


Normally, the 1stand 2

ndtiers have the most impact on C/I, which would correspond to 3

and 5 interferers at a reuse of K=3. The appendix shows some analysis charts showingthe impact of traffic loading on frequency hopping. The charts show probabilistically

the number of frequencies required for frequency hopping to maintain the minimum

quality level. The results are summarized here:

3 Interferers

Minimum Required Assignments (MA-LIST)

TRX Fhop Only Fhop + DTX

3 6 4

46 4

5 Interferers

Minimum Required Assignments (MA-LIST)

TRX Fhop Only Fhop + DTX

3 10 6

4 10 6

The above channel requirements are the minimum number and it is assuming thetraffic load is at or below 2% GOS.


10/24


3. Frequency Planning Strategy Scenarios

This section describes the considerations required in developing a frequency planning

strategy. It includes:

Basis of frequency planning Discussion of the types of frequency planning options:

o Uniform

o Non-Uniform

o 1/3

o 1/1

Methods of Frequency Planning

3.1. Basis of Frequency Planning

Frequency planning began due to the scarcity of spectrum and eventual congestion of the

early radio systems, where there was a fixed frequency for each site. As a result, the

concept of frequency reuse was created, and is the essence of cellular systems to gaincapacity.

The limit of the frequency reuse is interference, and as a result the limit of the systemcapacity is interference. The radio planning theories assume a uniform hexagonal grid

site layout. It is also used to create contiguous coverage areas and is fundamental for

calculating C/I ratios theoretically. The reuse of frequencies depends upon the pathlossbetween 2 reusing sites to lower the interferers signal strength to achieve the required

C/I ratio. This started the concept of cellular grids and reuse factors. The C/I ratio

depends upon the D/R ratio (Distance Between co-channel sites/ Cell Radius).

Theoretically, using the grid reuse pattern, you could accommodate unlimited subscriber

density usage by creating smaller and smaller cell sites. The interference between 2

reusing sites, based on the relationship D/R, is not an absolute distance, but the ratio ofthe distance. Therefore, as the cell radius gets smaller and smaller, you can still maintain

C/I as long as the ratio is maintained.

The hexagonal grid is divided into clusters of cells called the reuse factor. Considering

the geometry layout of the hexagonal grid and calculation of distance between reusing

sites, the following reuse factors are possible: 1, 3, 4, 7, and 12. The choice of the reuse

factor is a function of the minimum C/I ratio required to maintain a connection.


11/24


In reality, the uniform grid is impractical because rarely are the sites built upon a regular

grid. What is more fundamental is that each site is selected with the primaryconsideration of frequency reuse, whether it falls on the grid or not. Also, in urban areas

the interference does not necessarily depend upon the D/R ratio, for the following

reasons:

1. The propagation loss is higher and irregular due to the clutter.

2. Due to non-uniform traffic loading where some cells carry a heavier traffic load

than other cells. There is a relationship between traffic loading and interference.

Therefore, the spectral efficiency of the frequency plan depends upon the radio

environment of each network and on the interference reduction techniques introduced.

3.2. Types of Frequency Planning Options

3.2.1. Uniform Frequency Planning

Uniform Frequency Planning uses the Reuse Grid in which you would have a reuse factor

of 1, 3, 4, 7, and 12. The spectrum is divided up into clusters of sites with a certainnumber of channels per cell called a channel group. The frequencies are then assigned

evenly to each cell in the cluster. Generally, the assignments are performed manually

since the complication is limited.

This type of frequency planning is impractical for most networks. It requires a fairly

homogenous environment to control the interference and the ideal placements of cell

sites. It depends upon the D/R ratio to attain the required C/I. Most environments are

far from homogenous. Using a uniform cluster frequency plan in this environment will

cause channel groups to be used as guard bands between other groups and the spectrumwill be wasted.


12/24


3.2.2. Non-Uniform Frequency Planning

Non-Uniform Frequency Planning is used in most networks that have reached capacity

limitations of the design. This approach does allow the network capacity to continue

expanding while maintaining quality. The available spectrum is split into pools ofchannels. Each channel pool is used for a specific purpose, such as:

Control Channels Traffic Channels Macro Layer Channels Micro Layer Channels

Indoor Layer Channels

The allocation of channels is then assigned according to the traffic loading requirements

of each cell. The cleanest possible channel available from each pool is then assigned.As a result, there is no uniformity in the reuse of the channels. This approach attempts to

match the real world radio environment and thereby increase the spectral efficiency. The

spectrum inefficiency, however, is the separation of the spectrum into layers. This layerseparation should only be done when:

There will be a substantial gain in capacity from a tighter reuse in the lower layer,and;

There will be a need to increase the quality of service.

Both reasons need to go hand in hand. Any spectrum removed from the reuse is adirectly calculable loss in revenues and needs to be offset by a tighter reuse in the lower

layer.

3.2.3. Random Frequency Planning

Random frequency planning is similar to Non-Uniform planning except that there is 1

pool of channels for all purposes (both BCCH and TCH). The allocation of channels is

then assigned according to the traffic loading requirements of each cell. The cleanestpossible channel out of the entire spectrum available is then assigned. This approachmatches as closely as possible the real world radio environment. The outcome of this

approach is that the network becomes an as built configuration. Any capacity

expansion is extremely constrained. It usually results in a congested network while

waiting for quantum jumps in capacity build outs.


13/24


3.2.4. 1/1 and 1/3 Frequency Planning

1/1 and 1/3 frequency planning relies upon GSM synthesizer hopping capabilities (See

Guidelines section). The spectrum is divided into 2 reuse schemes.

4/12 reuse for the BCCH carriersA minimum of 12 ARFCN is required in an ideal uniform 4/12 pattern.

Reuse for Non-BCCH carriers

o

1/3The rest of the carriers are divided into 3 for each sector at the site. At

least twice the number of TRXs installed is required to be assigned foreach cell. If the typical configuration is 4+4+4, then at least 8*3=24

ARFCN are required.

o 1/1 reuse for non-BCCH carriersThe same frequency list is used for all cells. Co and Adjacent channel

interference is avoided at the same site by using the same HSN number

and different MAIO numbers. The adjacent channel interference is

avoided by assigning frequency lists that are 2*# of Synchronized TRX(or total trx at the site). Between sites, the interference is averaged by

using different HSN numbers.

Both 1/1 and 1/3 frequency plans require a homogenous network. In other word, an

ideal uniform 4/12 network, where the D/R relationship is strictly maintained. If this is

the case then frequency planning is extremely simplified. If this is not the case, then thenumber of interferers on a particular cell will increase and the increased burst collisions

will degrade the quality.

3.3. Frequency Planning Methods

There are basically 2 methods for generating the channel allocations:

Automatic Frequency Planning (AFP). AFP has the advantage of being faster,less error prone, and can run many iterations to find the optimal solution. The

disadvantage of AFP is that too often it is expected overcome and hide basicdesign issues. It is used as a band-aid covering over the real problems.


14/24


Manual Frequency Planning. The manual method can take 2-3 months and is

very error prone since it takes a tenacious planner to perform more than 1iteration. The advantage of the manual method is that it provides an output thatno AFP yet produces identification of what are the problem areas in the reuse

to be re-engineered and optimized. Many of these problems are reengineered and

optimized prior to the completion of the frequency plan.

There are many methods for producing the data required for the channel allocations:

Interference Matrix is based on propagation models where the interference iscalculated on a cell-to-cell relationship. The output is the percentage of the

coverage area where the design C/I is met and percentage of area that the C/I is

not meet. The disadvantage of this method is that there are many errors in theprocess due to in accuracies in the database, a high standard deviation in the

model and does not reflect reality. It is also difficult to finely tune thepropagation model for each cell. Until live network data from mobiles (GPS and

Location Based triangulation) are integrated into the models, the results can be

unrealistic.

Reuse Matrix builds up the cell-to-cell reuse relationship. The matrix can be builtin multiple ways:

o Cell-to-Cell interference area percentage.

o Fixed channel frequency separation numbers 0,1,2, would be assigned to

cell to cell relationships on which a co, adj or neither frequency could beused or not.

o Decimalized channel separation numbers where costs can be associated

with the reuse.

o Drive test analysis where C/I is performed on actual measured data.

o Live Network Data IOI Interference on Idle channels C/I calculations based on mobile measurements.


15/24


4. Proposed Frequency Planning Methodology:

Frequency Planning is required to support every phase of the site implementation and

optimization process, including:

Planning

In a tight reuse network the highest priority of the planning process is to minimize

the interference and not chasing the traffic. The planning needs to be

incorporated into the frequency planning process at the very beginning stage.Traditional planning practices start with reuse as the primary consideration.

However, with the proliferation of micro and pico cells, this consideration is

becoming lost.

New Site Implementation

The process of implementing a new site should comfortably allow a new

frequency plan to be created/modified without disturbing the networkperformance. In many cases, this is left to an optimization function after it is on

air. The frequency planning process needs to include the interference aspects of

the new site prior to going on line.

Site Change Requirements (i.e. tilts, height, PA)

The use of AFP tools has lead to the hiding of basic design issues. The

expectation today is that the AFP tool can produce a frequency plan no matterhow poor the design. The result is that the design constraints become hidden

behind the channel allocation algorithms. (See Manual Frequency Planning

above.) The frequency planning methodology needs to highlight the problems in

the design, so that they can be reengineered.

The outcome of a frequency plan should be two items:

The best allocation of channels possible to minimize interference therebyincreasing capacity.

The limitations in the design that prevent a better allocation. These limitations,once identified, can be optimized and reengineered.


16/24


Therefore, the purpose of this methodology is multi-faceted:

1. Tighten the reuse where it can be tightened based on the current design.

2. Unite the processes of frequency planning, cell planning and optimization into a

single, measurable goal.3. Create a performance indicator that can be measurable for each planning stage:

the number of interferers per cell.

4. Create a unified goal that makes the processes build a network that maximizes

reuse, minimizes interference and expands capacity.

This methodology uses the non-uniform frequency planning as well as the frequency

hopping capabilities (variable length MA list) as the best way to utilize the spectrumdiscussed previously. The channel allocation tool should be fed with cost and penalty

values from several intermediate steps. This would require the compilation of an

intermediate database as shown in the following diagram:


17/24


The following steps would be involved in creating and maintaining this database and

shown in the below diagram:

1. Create an Intermediate Database.

Generate an interference matrix using:1. Propagation prediction tool

The propagation prediction tools model is required to be tuned

in order to produce a reasonable interference matrix. There are

two levels of model tuning to consider:

Tuning the model for New Site Scenario Planning. Here aDrive Test is performed and the model is modified for the

different propagation categories, such as, Urban, Suburban

and Rural. However, this is INSUFFICIENT for

Interference Prediction.

Tuning the model for Interference Prediction. There are 2methods to implement: First, drive test every site in detail

to capture all the radio neighbor relationships. The

prediction for each site is then modified to be closer toreality. And second, triangulate the path loss from Mobile

Measurement reports to determine the areas and density of

usage.

2. Mobile measurements captured on the ABIS or thru a call tracingfunction at the OMC

Planning Tool

Interference

Matrix

Drive Tests

Reuse

Matrix

OMC

Performance

Statistics

ABIS or CTR

Mobile

Measurements

OMC

Historical

Traffic Analysis

Local

EngineeringKnowled e

Frequency

Planning

Database

Historical

FrequencyPlans

OMC

Interference on

Idle Channel


18/24


Generate Reuse matrix from:1. Interference matrix.

2. Phone and Scanning receiver drive test results.

3. Historical frequency plan implementations where tight reuses

have already been known to work.

4. Engineers local market knowledge.

Create costs and penalties based on the reuse matrix and:1. Burst level probabilities using GSM features for interference

reduction.

2. Correlate the probabilities to actual performance based on IdleChannel Interference and ABIS data: Power Control, RXQUAL

3. Performance statistics correlated to historical frequency plans.

Weight the costs and penalties based on historical traffic trends and projectedtraffic forecasts.

Store the generated values for each step and the final overall weighted values.

2. Determine the required number of carriers and length of MA List

Determine the number of interferers per cell site. This is accomplished fromthe interference and reuse matrix and will be used to determine:

o How well a site has been designed and optimized.

o What reuse constraints exist so they can be re-engineered.

Determine the length of the MA list based on the number of interferers usingthe Burst Planning probability tool.

Determine the length of the MA list based on traffic above 2% GOS.

3. Channel Allocation algorithm Generates the Frequency Plan


19/24


C/I & C/A

Interference

Matrix

Reuse Matrix

Channel

Separations

OMC

PerformanceStatistics &

IOI

ABIS or CTR

Mobile

Measurements

OMC

HistoricalTraffic

Anal sis

Local

Engineering

Knowledge

Frequency

PlanningDatabase

Propagation

Model

Tool

Drive Tests

Cell Config &

Neighbor

Lists

Penalties &

Costs

Assignment

Weightings

ABIS or CTR

Power Control

& RXQual

Burst

Planning

Historical

Frequency

Plans

Channel

Assignment

Algorithm

Burst

Planning

Historical

Frequency

Plans


20/24


5. What is required to implement this Methodology:

The following packages would be required in order to implement this particular

methodology:

Implementation of the Frequency Planning Database

The frequency planning database would need to be interfaced with the

existing tools and data used at the operator:

Propagation Prediction tool

OMC Performance statistics

Mobile Measurement ReportsMetatrons DimensionZ drive test analysis tool

Mobile Measurement Reports

The mobile measurement can usually captured on the ABIS or

through a cell trace. In some vendor implementations this

information is not available on the ABIS or they may not have a

call trace function. In this case, the Metatron Echo monitoringand reporting module can be implemented. This module can be

used to tap into the digital cross connect or other taps and capture,

store and forward the mobile measurement reports.

Metatrons DimensionZ GSM Phone and Scanning Receiver modules


21/24


6. Appendix I - Burst Collision Probability

The Burst Collision probability tool was created to determine the minimum number of

frequencies required in a MA-list, if the number of interferers were known. The intentionis not to replace any fractional load dimensioning guidelines, but rather to provide a

means to design and optimize the network for the most efficient reuse of the spectrum.

Based on the discussion previously, an ideal 4/12 design would encounter 2 co-channel

interferers. A 3/9 design would encounter 3 co-channel interferers. Since a Non-Uniform Multiple Reuse frequency plan will be implemented, the best way to improve on

the results is to engineer the number interferers to the minimum of 2. (Ideally, a micro

cell should only have 1 interferer.)

Most networks are not uniform, and the actual number of interferers will be higher. The

task of RF Planning and Optimization will be to reduce these interferers thru

optimization. If the number of interferers is 3, then the minimum number of frequenciesrequired to prevent a frame erasure rate of 5% is 6.

The probabilities are calculated in the following manner:

HSN probabilityIf 2 cells are using the same frequency list, but 2 different HSN numbers, then the

individual bursts will collide no more than 1/N times. N is the number of

frequencies in the hopping list.

2% GOS probabilityThe 2% GOS probability is the occupancy of a timeslot based on the traffic load.

It is calculated by dividing the rounding up 2% GOS Erlang Offered / PhysicalChannels. The actual utilization based of 2% GOS is lower than this value, but

the above calculation is more conservative. This is due to the fact that the

measured Erlang traffic is an average value, whereas in reality traffic comes in

bursts. So the actual occupancy can be higher than the average. Care thereforemust be taken on cells where the traffic is rough (VMR >1) and call congestion

persists.

The 2% GOS level needs to be the maximum allowed. If the GOS degrades, thenthe quality will degrade drastically. Some very poorly designed networks survive

because they never allow the GOS to degrade, and a nearby cell easily rescues the

call. The Burst planning tool can be also be modified to determine the number of

frequencies required using the GOS as a parameter.


22/24


DTX probabilityDiscontinuous Transmission reduces the number of occupied Time Slots bytransmitting only when there is speech. Since a speech conversation is half

talking, half listening, it is estimated that the transmission can be reduced by 50%.

The tool assumes a 40% value to be conservative.

These probabilities are multiplied together to determine the collision rate with 1

interferer. The parameter to the spreadsheet is to input the actual number of interferers

and multiply this by the 1-interferer probability.

The intention is not to reintroduce a long MA list and a 1/3-reuse pattern, but rather to

identify design problems and have a method to temporarily overcome poor quality. What

is intended is that there will be variable length MA list, based upon the problems in each

area and cell. The MA list should be kept as short as possible for most cells where thereuse allows. The problem sites would then have an extended list.


23/24

Analysis of a single (TN,MA) connectionIf > 3 Bursts are not decoded, the Frame is Erased. (A FER of 5% is the Maximum Toleration )

Goal is 2 Bursts per Frame

Number of Interferers: 5

Worst Case Bursts Lost Per Frame NO Frequency Hopping

TRX 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

1 8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a






Worst Case Bursts Lost Per Frame Frequency Hopping Only

TRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1 8 8 7 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 8 8 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 13 8 8 8 8 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

4 8 8 8 8 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

5 8 8 8 8 7 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

6 8 8 8 8 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Worst Case Bursts Lost Per Frame Frequency Hopping & DTX

TRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1 8 6 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 8 8 6 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 8 8 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4 8 8 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5 8 8 7 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

68 8 7 5 4 4

3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Number of ARFCN in Hopping Group

Number of ARFCN in Hopping Group


24/24


Frequency Planning Strategies

Documents

Transcript of Frequency Planning Strategies