OMF007001 Frequency Planning ISSUE1.5
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Transcript of OMF007001 Frequency Planning ISSUE1.5
8/3/2019 OMF007001 Frequency Planning ISSUE1.5
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Internal
OMF 007001
Frequency Planning
ISSUE1.5
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Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Frequency planningFrequency planning
Chapter 2Chapter 2 Tight frequency reuseTight frequency reuse
Chapter 3Chapter 3 Frequency hoppingFrequency hopping
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Content of Frequency planning
Frequency resource of GSM system
Concept of frequency reuse
Requirement for interference and carrier-to-interference ratio
4*3 frequency reuse
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GSM 900 :
GSM 1800 : 1710 1785 1805 1880
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
890 915 935 960
Duplex distance : 45 MHz
Frequency Resource of GSM System
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Frequency Band Configuration
GSM900:
> BTS receiver (uplink ): f1 (n) =890.2+ (n-1)*0.2 MHz
> BTS transmitter (downlink ): f2 (n) =f1 (n) +45 MHz
GSM1800:
> BTS receiver (uplink ): f1 (n) =1710.2 + (n-512) * 0.2 MHz
> BTS transmitter (downlink ): f2 (n) =f1 (n) +95 MHz
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{fi,fj..fk}
{fi,fj..fk} {fi,fj..fk} {fi,fj..fk}.. ..
Macro-cell system
d
Micro-cell system
Concept of Frequency Reuse
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The Reason of Frequency Reuse
Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz frequency resource,
8 MHz = 40 channels * 8 timeslots = 320
> Max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.
If every frequency is reused N times
> Max. 320*N uses can access the network at the same time.
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Requirement for Interference and Carrier-to-
Interference Ratio All useful signals carrier
All useless signals interference=
GSM standard: C / I >= 9 dB
In practical projects: C / I >= 12dB
Useful signal Noise from environment
Other signals
C/I =
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Requirement for Interference and Carrier-to-
Interference Ratio
Requirement for Interference and Carrier-to-
Interference Ratio All useful signals carrier
All useless signals interference=
GSM standard: C / I >= 9 dB
In practical projects: C / I >= 12dB
Useful signal Noise from environment
Other signals
C/I =
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Looser reuse
Higher frequency reuse
efficiency, but interference
is serious. More technique
Is needed.
Tighter reuse
0 10 20
Little interference, but frequency
reuse efficiency is low.
Reuse Density
Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.
> 4*312
> n*mn*m
> n: BTS number in a basic reuse cluster
> m: Frequency group number in a BTS
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A1
C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1A2
A3 B2
B3
C2
C3
D2D3 A1
C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
A1
C1
B1D1
A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3
D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
4*3 Frequency Reuse
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A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3
34 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
Illustration of Frequency Allocation of 4*3
Frequency Reuse
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Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Frequency planningFrequency planning
Chapter 2Chapter 2 Tight frequency reuseTight frequency reuse
Chapter 3Chapter 3 Frequency hoppingFrequency hopping
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Tight Frequency Reuse Technology
Multi-layer reuse pattern
Underlaid and overlaid cell
1*3
1*1
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Multi-layer Reuse Pattern
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BCCH: n1
TCH1: n2
TCH2: n3
~
TCHm-1: nm
n1 n2n3 n4 ...... nm
And n1+n2+...+nm=n
Multi-layer Reuse Pattern
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Multi-layer Reuse Pattern Frequency Allocation
Suppose that the available frequency carrier is 10MHZ, channel
number is 4694, the Multi-layer reuse pattern should be:
RC type
Allocated
frequencies
Number of
availablefrequencies
BCCH 46~57 12
TCH1 58~66 9
TCH2 67~74 8
TCH3 75~82 8
TCH4 83~88 6
TCH5 89~94 6
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BCCH TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 TCH4
{f1,f3,f5...f23}
{f1,f2,f3,f4,f5...f40}
{f2,f4..f22,f24...f40}
Multi-layer Reuse Pattern Frequency Allocation
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cap N BW
re use
i
i
.!
§
Advantages of Multi-layer Reuse Pattern
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
> Supposing there are 300 cells
> Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
Normal 4*3 reuse: reuse density=12
> ==> network capacity = 40/12 * 300 = 1000 TRX
Multiple reuse:
> BCCH layer: re-use =14, (14 frq.)
> Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.)
> Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.)
> Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)* 300 = 1200 TRX
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cap N BW
re use
i
i
.!
§
Advantages of Multi-layer Reuse Pattern
Capacity increases when reuse density is multiplied:
> Supposing there are 300 cells
> Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
Normal 4*3 reuse: reuse density=12
> ==> network capacity = 40/12 * 300 = 1000 TRX
Multiple reuse:
> BCCH layer: re-use =14, (14 frq.)
> Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.)
> Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.)
> Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)* 300 = 1200 TRX
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The inner circle covers a smaller area, and the frequency can
be reused more tightly.
Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency Allocation
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
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Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency Configuration
Super fn
Regular fm Regular fm
Regular fm
Super fn
BCCH 15f Regular 24f Super 12f
BCCH Reuse density: 15
R TCH TRX reuse density: 12
S TCH TRX reuse density: 6
Super fn
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BCCH14+TCH36
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+3TCH 1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+12¶TCH
1BCCH+12¶TCH 1BCCH+12¶TCH
1*3 1*1
1*3 and 1*1 Reuse Patterns
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TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
The red items are BCCH RCs
Illustration of 1*3 TCH Frequency Allocation
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Frequency Planning Principle
There should be no co-channel frequency carriers in one BTS.
The frequency separation between BCCH and TCH in the same cell should
be not less than 400K.
When frequency hopping is not used, the separation of TCH in the same
cell should be not less than 400K.
In non-1*3 reuse mode, co-channel should be avoided between the
immediately neighbor BTS.
Neighbor BTS should not have co-channels facing each other directly.
Normally, with 1*3 reuse, the number of the hopping frequencies should be
not less than twice of the number of frequency hopping TRX in the samecell.
Pay close attention to co-channel reuse, avoiding the situation that the
same BCCH has the same BSIC in adjacent area.
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.
Example of Frequency Planning
An example network in a specific place, BTS are densely
located. The topography is plain. The maximum BTS
configuration is S3/3/2
Initial planning:
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Example of Frequency Planning
Final frequency planning:
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Group 1 (MA1): 110 111 112 113 114 Cell1
Group 2 (MA2): 115 116 117 118 119 Cell2
Group 3 (MA3): 120 121 122 123 124 Cell3
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme
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TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
Group 1 (MA1): 110 113 116 119 122 Cell1
Group 2 (MA2): 111 114 117 120 123 Cell2
Group 3 (MA3): 112 115 118 121 124 Cell3
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Comparison Between Multi-layer reuse and 1*3
For Multi-layer reuse pattern, either Base band hopping or RF hopping can
be used. But for 1x3 reuse, only RF hopping can be used.
Multi-layer reuse pattern is a gradual process for TCH frequency planning.
In other words, the reuse is rather loose in TCH1 layer and it is quite close
in the last TCH layer (such as TCH5). The reason for this pattern is thatbase band hopping is used in the Multi-layer reuse pattern. When there are
rather few frequency carriers, the hopping gain is small. Therefore, more
frequency carriers should be allocated for the layer with small TCH and
then the reuse coefficient is relatively large. When RF hopping is used in
the Multi-layer reuse pattern and there are a large number of frequency
carriers, the hopping gain is high and the reuse coefficient can be verysmall. In addition, the Multi-layer reuse pattern is of a free pattern. It is
different from base band hopping, in which the reuse must be loose in the
first TCH layer and more close in inner layers.
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Comparison Between Multi-layer reuse and 1*3
The frequency planning for the 1x3 mode is simple and it is easy
to plan the frequency for new added BTS.
1x3 mode requires a rather regular BTS location distribution.
For the cells with fixed number of TRX, when the traffic is heavy,the 1x3 provides higher service quality than that of Multi-layer
reuse pattern.
TRX can be easily added to the 1x3 network, but TRX number of
hopping should not exceed the product of the allocated hopping
frequency number and the max RF load ratio.
BCCH of Multi-layer reuse pattern can take part in the frequency
hopping, while BCCH in 1x3 mode can not.
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Chapter 1Chapter 1 Frequency planningFrequency planning
Chapter 2Chapter 2 Tight frequency reuseTight frequency reuse
Chapter 3Chapter 3 Frequency hoppingFrequency hopping
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Content of Frequency Hopping
Class of hopping
Advantages of hopping
Parameter of hopping
Collocation of hopping data
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Frequency Hopping
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Advantages of Hopping
Get an agreeable radio environment.
Provide a similar communication quality for every user.
Tighter reuse patterns are possible to be used for larger
capacity.
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Smoothen the rapid fading (Rayleigh fading)
Frequency Diversity of Hopping
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Smoothen and average the interference
Interference Diversity of Hopping
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Class of Hopping
Hopping can be implemented in two ways
> Base-band hopping
> RF hopping
Class according to the min hopping time unit
> Timeslot hopping
> Frame hopping
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Base Band Hopping Principle
FH bus
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RF Hopping Principle
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Class of Hopping
Frame hopping
> Frequency changes every TDMA frame. The different
channel of one TRX uses the same MAIO.
Timeslot hopping
> Frequency changes every timeslot. The different channel of
one TRX uses the different MAIO.
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Hopping Parameters
All the parameters which are related to hopping are configured in
cell/configure Hopping data
Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS system, including three
options: not hopping, base band hopping and RF hopping.
MA (Mobile Allocation Set): the set of available RF bands when
hopping, containing at most 64 frequency carriers. The frequency
being used must be those of the available frequency
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Hopping Parameters
HSNhopping sequence number 063
HSN=0cycle hopping.
HSN0random hopping. Every sequence number
corresponds a pseudo random sequence.
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Hopping Parameters
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset): used to define the
initial frequency of the hopping.
Be careful to configure the MAIO of same timeslot in all
channels, otherwise interference occurs.
At the air interface, the frequency used on a specific burst is
an element in MA set. MAI is used for indication, referring to a
specific element in the MA set.
MAI is the function of TDMA FN, HSN and MAIO.
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