French Revolution & Napoleon

Mid Term Exam Review

French Revolution-Old Regime•old system in France; absolute monarchy where the king had all power

•First Estate: Clergy, privileged (non-taxed); •Second Estate: Nobles,

privileged (non-taxed); •Third Estate: everyone

else, unprivileged (taxed), largest (97%)

French Revolution-Three Estates

French Revolution-Deficit Spending•a country spending more money than it takes in tax revenue; helped lead to French bankruptcy

12/15/2015; 8:53 am MST

French Revolution-Bankruptcy•France went bankrupt; too much lavish & deficit spending; funding wars including American Revolution

French Revolution-Tennis Court Oath•Third Estate relocated to tennis court & took oath when they were locked out of the assembly hall

French Revolution-Age of Enlightenment•influenced scientist and political leaders into believing change was needed

French Revolution-Philosophes•intellectuals, like Voltaire, who used natural laws to explain human behavior; secular (non-religious) in thinking

French Revolution-Louis XVI•King of France during revolution; married Marie Antoinette; guillotined by revolutionaries

French Revolution-Marie Antoinette•married King Louis XVI; member of royal Austrian Family; guillotined by revolutionaries

French Revolution-French Revolution Slogan•Liberté, égalité, fraternité(in order; LEF)

French Revolution-Bread

•played a big part in the revolution because the cost increased dramatically

French Revolution-Guillotine

•developed by Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin to make executions less painful & more humane & equal; the “National Razor”

French Revolution-Bastille

•castle used as a prison; stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789 for gun powder;known as National Day (La Fête Nationale)

French Revolution-End of Monarchy•King Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette executed to end the monarchy in France for now

Napoleon-Early accomplishments

•military general; became famous throughout France for military success

Napoleon-Lycee

•education system in France for all started by Napoleon

Napoleon-Coronation•crowned emperor of France in Norte Dame Cathedral; crowned himself which was major faux pas

Napoleon-Later accomplishments

•set up Napoleonic code; government-run schools; crowned himself

Napoleon-Military mistakes

•tried to conquer too much territory; supply lines ran low; invaded Russia; Russia used scorched earth, leaving French Arméewith no supplies

Napoleon-First abdication•resigned as emperor; exiled to Elba Island; spent about 10 months there

Napoleon-Return to power•left Elba Island; army sent by Louis XVIII to stop him joined him; took control of Paris; 100 days; went to war with Britain & Prussia again

Napoleon-Second abdication

•lost war; forced to abdicate again; sent to St. Helena Island in South Pacific by Britain; died there

•King Louis XVIII (King Louis XVI’s bother) then returned to power; set up reforms, including giving up a lot of his own power

Napoleon-Post-100 Days

Napoleon-Congress of Vienna•meeting between

European powers that helped restore the balance of power in Europe; Prince Klemens von Metternic of Austria was most influential leader

Additional Information•Chinese dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Xin, Sui,

Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing)

•Crusades – Christians try to retake Holy Land; desire for Chinese & Middle Eastern products in Europe

•Black Plague – killed ≈200 million; started in China/Mongolia

• Exploration – Motive (God, glory & gold); Columbus – 4 voyages to New World (NW); demand for African slaves transported through Middle Passage; Columbian exchange brought disease to NW;