Framing - Journalism 201: Intro to Mass Communication · Framing of news (Entman) •...
Transcript of Framing - Journalism 201: Intro to Mass Communication · Framing of news (Entman) •...
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Framing J201 Introduction to Mass Communication February 5 -2016
Professor Hernando Rojas [email protected] @uatiff
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Framing- today’s class plan
2!
① What are frames?
② Framing as perspective/foundation.
③ Frame building versus setting. ④ The power of frames.
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“Central organizing idea or story line that
provides meaning.” (Gamson)
Frame
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• We actively classify, organize, and interpret our experiences to make sense of them. The "schemata of interpretation," which are labeled "frames," enable individuals "to locate, perceive, identify, and label" (Goffman). • Frames enable processing of large amounts of information quickly and routinely package the information for efficient story telling. Persistent selection, emphasis, and exclusion (Gitlin).
Framing
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• Placing information in a unique context so that certain elements of the issue get a greater allocation of an individual's cognition.
• As a consequence of this, the selected elements become important in influencing individuals' judgments or inference making.
Framing as perspective
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• “The basic frameworks of understanding available in our society for making sense out of events.” (Goffman) • Schemata of interpretation that can be applied to a particular event. In doing so the event is made meaningful. Streams of sensory input are organized according to a preexisting organization into “something.”
Framing as foundation
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One that defines what is happening “here.” In doing so:
• It provide boundaries to the problem. • Signals the cause of the problem. • Suggest how to solve the problem. • Implies who should solve it. • Generates a sense of us & them.
What is an effective frames?
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We all build frames, but we are constrained by:
• Societal norms, values & culture.
• Pressure of prevailing frames (typically produced by elites, including journalist).
• Our ideology.
How are frames built? Who builds them?
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Examines the effects on audiences of frames.
• Influence can be cognitive or affective.
• Differences in audience members affect power of framed information.
Frame setting
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Framing of decisions!The power of frames.
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The power of frames.
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Framing of decisions!The power of frames.
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Framing of decisions!The power of frames.
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Framing of news (Entman)
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• Characteristics of media coverage
• Episodic vs Thematic framing
• Attributions of responsibility and “treatment”
Framing of news (Iyengar)
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Framing of news (Iyengar)
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Framing of news (Iyengar)
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Framing public service announcements
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Framing public service announcements
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Framing main points
20!
① Frames highlight certain information, that then becomes central in our understanding and decision making processes.
② Effective frames define a problem, suggest its cause, it solution and who is responsible to fix it.
③ Frames without counter frames, that resonate with prevailing frames are easier to adopt.
④ Framing goes well beyond telling us what to think about, to telling us what to think…
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Questions
Have a good weekend!