Forschungen zum Alten Testament 16 - Mohr Siebeck€¦ · TODD HIBBARD, born 1968; studied Theology...

Forschungen zum Alten Testament 2. Reihe Edited by

Bernd Janowski (Tübingen) • Mark S. Smith (New York) Hermann Spieckermann (Göttingen)

16

ARTI BUS

J. Todd Hibbard

Intertextuality in Isaiah 24-27

The Reuse and Evocation of Earlier Texts and Traditions

Mohr Siebeck

TODD HIBBARD, born 1968; studied Theology at Lee University and Biblical Studies at the Universtiy of Notre Dame; 2003 Ph.D.; Assistant Professor of Hebrew Bible at Lee University.

ISBN 3-16-149027-4 ISBN-13 978-3-16-149027-9 ISSN 1611-4914 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2. Reihe)

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Preface

The following study is a revised version of a doctoral dissertation submit-ted to the University of Notre Dame in July 2003 with the title, Intertextu-ality in Isaiah 24-27: The Reuse and Evocation of Earlier Texts. I am grateful to the editors of the series Forschungen zum Alien Testament, Prof. Dr Mark S. Smith, Prof. Dr Bernd Janowski and Prof. Dr Hermann Spieckermann, for accepting this work for publication.

Writing a dissertation is a collaborative effort, even if only one person's name is found on the title page. My debt of gratitude extends to several persons, professional and personal. I wish to express my thanks to the fac-ulty and staff at the University of Notre Dame for creating an environment in which undertaking the task of graduate education was so rich and enjoy-able. Among those whom I wish to thank, first mention goes to my doc-toral supervisor, Prof. Joseph Blenkinsopp, whose assistance, direction, and influence were indispensable. This project could not have been com-pleted without encouragement and critical judgment. Thanks also go to Prof. James VanderKam, Prof. Hugh Page, Jr., and Prof. Hindy Najman, each of whom faithfully and dutifully served as members of my disserta-tion committee. This study has profited much from their comments and suggestions.

My colleagues in the Department of Theology at my present institution, Lee University, have been enormously supportive. Their encouragement has been professionally and personally invaluable. I would like to thank especially Dr. Emerson Powery, Dr. Michael Fuller, Dr. Brad Frazier, Dr. Dale Coulter, and Mr. Brian Alderman. It is a joy to call you friends as well as colleagues. Among the many excellent students whom I have had the opportunity to teach and interact, I would like to thank my assistant, Jennifer Whitson, whose assistance has proved timely. I would also like to express my gratitude to one of Lee University's most outstanding graduate students, Joshua Clark, whose help with editorial matters and compiling the indexes have made the publication of this book more timely than it would have been otherwise.

Closer to home, I would like to thank my parents, Rev. James and Pat Hibbard, who first opened to me the richness of the scriptures. They have been a constant source of encouragement, support, and motivation. Thanks are also due to my siblings, Amy Harris and Joshua Hibbard, who have al-

VI Preface

ways taken time to listen to the older brother's aspirations and dreams. Thanks also are due to my in-laws, Rev. Frank and Carleen Cox. Their support throughout my graduate education has not gone unnoticed, even when it required making crazy decisions that had potentially disastrous consequences for their daughter. Finally, I am especially grateful for a lov-ing and supportive immediate family who has been willing to sacrifice in more ways than I can count so that I could complete this project, both when it was a dissertation and now as a monograph. My children, Chase and Mackenzie, continue to help me see what is truly important and lasting in life. They remain my greatest sources of inspiration and joy. My great-est debt of gratitude is owed to the love of my life, Danielle, without whom none of this would have been possible. Her love and encouragement continue to overwhelm me. Her support has been more than I deserved at many points along the way, but I am grateful that she chose to travel this road with me. I love her more than words can express. This book is lov-ingly dedicated to her.

J. Todd Hibbard Lee University Easter 2006

Contents

Preface V

Contents VII

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

1. Prolegomena and Method l 2. Intertextuality: What Is It and Who Does It? 10 3. Intertextuality in Biblical Studies 14 4. Isaiah 24-27: The History of Research 20

Identity of the Anonymous City 20 Babylon 21 Jerusalem 22 Several Different Cities 23 Other Historical Possibilities 23 Symbolic Interpretations 24 Form, Structure and Redaction of Isaiah 24-27 26 Forms in Isaiah 24-27 26 Structure and Redaction of Isaiah 24-27 28 The Date of Isaiah 24-27 32

Chapter 2. Intertextuality in Isaiah 24:1-20 37

1. Structure and Form 37 2. Isaiah 24:1-13: Content, Theme and Intertextuality 40

Citing Two Predecessors: The Cases of Nahum 2 and Hosea 4 40 Growth Within the Isaian Textual Tradition: The Case of Isaiah 17:6 46

3. Isaiah 24:14-20: Content, Theme and Intertextuality 49 The "Treacherous One " 49 Jeremiah, Moab and the Earth 53 Amos, Israel and the Earth 56 Alluding to the Primeval History 56

4. Conclusion 68

Chapter 3. Intertextuality in Isaia 24:21-25:12 70

1. Structure and Form 70 2. Isaiah 24:21-23, 25:6-8: Content, Theme, and Intertextuality 75

VIII Contents

Isaiah 24:21-23, 25:6-8: the Covenant Meal 77 Isaiah 24:21-23, 25:6-8: the Victory Feast 80 Isaiah 24:21-23, 25:6-8: the Enthronement Feast and the Psalms 83 YHWH's Kingship in the Prophetic Literature 86 Summary of Isaiah 24:21-23, 25:6-8 92

3. Isaiah 25:1-5: Content, Theme, and Intertextuality 93 Isaiah 25:1-5: Intertextuality with Psalms? 95 Intertexuality within the Book of Isaiah 97 The counsel of YHWH 97 Tyrants 100 YHWH as Shelter and Refuge 102 God's Protection and Shelter 104 Summary of Isaiah 25:1-5 106

4. Isaiah 25:9-12: Content, Theme, and Intertextuality 107 Waiting and Salvation 108 The Case ofMoab: Symbol of Those Who Reject YHWH's Kingdom 110 Summary of Isaiah 25:9-12 116

5. Conclusion 117

Chapter 4. Intertextuality in Isaiah 26:1-27:1 119

1. Structure and Form 120 2. Isaiah 26:1-6: Content, Theme and Intertextuality 124

Summary of Isaiah 26:1-6 134 3. Isaiah 26:7-19: Content, Theme and Intertextuality 135

Isaiah 26:7-10 139 Isaiah 26:11-19 141 Isaiah 26:7-19: The Question of Intertextuality 150 Summary of Isaiah 26:7-19 159

4. Isaiah 26:20-27:1: Content, Theme, and Intertextuality 159 Summary of Isaiah 26:20-27:1 166

5. Conclusion 166

Chapter 5. Intertextuality in Isaiah 27:2-13 168

1. Structure and Form 169 2. Isaiah 27:2-6: Content, Theme, and Intertextuality 170

A New Vineyard Song 176 3. Isaiah 27:7-13: Content and Theme 181 4. Isaiah 27:7-13: The Question of Intertextuality 195

Discourse about "Striking" in Isaiah: The Contribution of Isaiah 27:7 199 Inner-Isaianic Discourse about the Future: Isaiah 10:11-16 and Isaiah 27 204

5. Conclusion 208

Contents I X

Chapter 6. Conclusion 210

Bibliography 219

Indexes 231

Chapter 1

Introduction

1. Prolegomena and Method

Isaiah 24-27, the doubly mislabeled 'Isaiah Apocalypse,' presents the bib-lical interpreter with some of the most severe challenges in the entire book of Isaiah. These chapters resist easy genre1 and form-critical2 classifica-tion, present a host of seemingly intractable difficulties concerning their date of composition,3 and withstand attempts to chart convincingly their

1 Detailed discussions about the genre of Isaiah 24-27 may be found in Johannes Lindblom, Die Jesaja-Apokalypse. Jes. 24-27 (Lund: Gleerup, 1938); Georg Fohrer, "Der Aufbau der Apokalypse des Jesajabuchs (Jesaja 24-27)," CBQ 25 (1963): 34-45; Helmer Ringgren, "Some Observations on Style and Structure in the Isaiah Apocalypse," AST! 9 (1973): 107-15; William Millar, Isaiah 24-27 and the Origin of Apocalyptic (HSM 11; Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1976).

2 Nearly every commentator and exegete has discussed form-critical matters; some of the more important discussions include Bernard Duhm, Das Buch Jesaia (4th ed.; Göttin-gen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1892), 172-94; Rudolf Smend, "Anmerkungen zu Jes. 24-27," ZAW4 (1884): 161-224; Paul Lohmann, "Die selbständigen lyrischen Abschnitte in Jes 24-27," ZAW 37 (1917/18): 1-58; Wilhelm Rudolph, Jesaja 24-27 (BWANT 10; Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1933); Otto Eissfeldt, The Old Testament: An Introduction (trans. Peter Ackroyd; New York: Harper and Row, 1965), 323-27; William E. March, "A Study of Two Prophetic Compositions in Isaiah 24:1-27:1" (Th.D. diss., Union Theo-logical Seminary in the City of New York, 1966); Marie-Louise Henry, Glaubenskrise und Glaubensbewahrung in den Dictungen der Jesaja-apokalypse (BWANT 86; Stutt-gart: W. Kohlhammer, 1967); Paul Redditt, "Isaiah 24-27: A Form Critical Analysis," (Ph.D. diss., Vanderbilt University, 1972); Dan G. Johnson, From Chaos to Restoration: An Integrative Reading of Isaiah 24-27 (JSOTSup 61; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1988); Marvin Sweeney, Isaiah 1-39 (FOTL XVI; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), 311-53, esp. 313-6; Hans Wildberger, Isaiah 13-27: A Commentary (trans. T. H. Trapp; Continental Commentary; Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1997), 447-60; Rein-hard Scholl, Die Elenden in Gottes Thronrat (BZAW 274; Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2000).

3 Again, see any of the commentaries; more important or specialized discussions in-clude Duhm, Jesaia, esp. 172-3; A. H. van Zyl, "Isaiah 24-27: Their Date of Origin," in New Light on Some Old Problems: Papers Read at the 5,h Meeting [of the South African Society for the Study of the Old Testament] Held at University of South Africa, Pretoria, 30 January-2 February 1962 (ed. A. H. van Zyl; Potchefstroom: Pro Rege, 1962), 44-57; Eissfeldt, Old Testament, 323-25; Otto Plöger, Theocracy and Eschatology (trans. S. Rudman; Richmond, Va.: John Knox, 1968), 53-78; Otto Kaiser, Isaiah 13-39 (trans. R.

2 Chapter 1: Introduction

redactional arrangement.4 Apart from the fact that they have come down to us as part of the Isaiah tradition, we know virtually nothing about their author(s). They are textually challenging,5 as a glance at the diversity of the ancient textual witnesses as well as the number of emendations schol-ars have proposed makes clear. Finally, various ambiguous references to an anonymous city6 (24:10, 12; 25:2; 26:1, 5; 27:10) occur in every chap-ter, certainly providing some sort of clue about interpretation; however, it has been understood in several different ways. In short, these chapters are some of the most obscure in the entire book of Isaiah. Nevertheless, nearly every scholar who has studied them has noted at least one common ele-ment in these chapters: their intertextual nature.7 These four chapters re-

A. Wilson; OTL; Philadelphia: Westminster, 1974), 173-233; Jacques Vermeylen, "La composition littéraire de l'«Apocalypse d'Isaïe» (Is., XXIV-XXVII)," ETL 50 (1974): 5-38; idem, Du Prophète Isaïe à L'Apocalyptique (vol. 1; Paris: Librairie Lecoffre, 1977), 349-81; Millar, Isaiah 24-27 and the Origin of Apocalyptic, 115-20; John H. Hayes and Stuart A. Irvine, Isaiah, the Eighth Century Prophet: His Times and His Preaching (Nashville: Abingdon, 1987), 295-320; Johnson, Chaos, 17; Sweeney, Isaiah 1-39, 316-24; Wildberger, Isaiah 13-27, 460-7.

4 See most recently the discussion in Joseph Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19; Gar-den City, NY: Doubleday, 2000), 346-8; cf. also Terence Collins, The Mantle of Elijah (The Biblical Seminar 20; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1993), 37-58; Vermeylen, "La compo-sition," 5-38; Sweeney, Isaiah 1-39, 320-4.

5 Early important text critical work was performed by Ernst Liebmann, "Der Text zu Jesaia 24-27," ZAW 23-25 (1903-5): 209-86; 51-104; 145-71; cf. also G. R. Driver, "Isaiah 1-XXXIX: Textual and Linguistic Problems," JSS 13 (1968): 36-57; idem, "Lin-guistic and Textual Problems: Isaiah I-XXXIX," JTS 38 (1937): 36-50; Millar, Isaiah 24-27, 23-58.

6 Otto Ludwig, Die Stadt in der Jesaja-Apokalypse: Zur Datierung von Jes. 24-27 (Inaugural Dissertation; Bonn: Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 1961); Paul Redditt, "Once Again, The City in Isaiah 24-27," HAR 10 (1986): 317-35; Mark Biddle, "The City of Chaos and the New Jerusalem: Isaiah 24-27 in Context," PRS 22/1 (1995): 5-12.

7 For example, see T. K. Cheyne, Introduction to the Book of Isaiah (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1895), 147-8; Wildberger, Isaiah 13-27, 465-7; Sweeney, Isaiah 1-39, 323-4; idem, "New Gleanings from an Old Vineyard: Isaiah 27 Reconsidered," in Early Jewish and Christian Exegesis: Studies in Memory of William Hugh Brownlee (ed. C. A. Evans and W. F. Stinespring; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987), 51-66; idem, "Textual Cita-tions in Isaiah 24-27: Toward an Understanding of the Redactional Function of Chapters 24-27 in the Book of Isaiah," JBL 107 (1988): 39-52; John Day, "A Case of Inner Scrip-tural Interpretation: The Dependence of Isaiah xxvi. 13-xxvii. 11 on Hosea xiii. 4-xiv. 10 (Eng. 9) and Its Relevance to Some Theories of the Redaction of the 'Isaiah Apoca-lypse,'" JTS 31 (1980): 309-19; Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39, 347; Scholl, Die Elenden in Gottes Thronrat, 20-6; Donald C. Polaski, Authorizing an End: The Isaiah Apocalypse and Intertextuality (Biblical Interpretation 50; Leiden: Brill, 2001); idem, "Reflections on a Mosaic Covenant: The Eternal Covenant (Isaiah 24.5) and Intertextuality," JSOT 11 (1998): 55-73.

1. Prolegomena and Method 3

veal an interrelationship with other texts in Isaiah, with other portions of the Hebrew Bible, as well as possible connections with the corpus of Ca-naanite mythology. This textual interconnectedness, or intertextuality, forms the focus of the present study.

As a field of inquiry, intertextuality has developed in several different directions.8 Both concept and term have found a home in such diverse ar-eas as structuralist poetics,9 post-structuralist literary approaches (in their seemingly infinite variety),10 and New Historicism,11 among others. Not surprisingly, a wide diversity in the definition of the term "intertextuality" has accompanied this vast usage, with the result that the term has become almost meaningless to some.12 Without entangling myself in a discussion of these different meanings (which will come later), let me simply state the approach I will adopt here. While recognizing the validity of more theo-retical orientations, I operate with a model of intertextuality much more akin to modes of discourse found in traditional biblical scholarship. This

8 On the development and application of intertextuality as an approach within literary and cultural theory, see Graham Allen, Intertextuality (London and New York: Rout-ledge, 2000); Thai's Morgan, "The Space of Intertextuality," in Intertextuality and Con-temporary American Fiction (ed. P. O'Donnell and R. Con Davis; Baltimore: Johns Hop-kins University Press, 1985), 239-79; Jay Clayton and Eric Rothstein, "Figures in the Corpus: Theories of Influence and Intertextuality," in Influence and Intertextuality in Literary History (ed. Jay Clayton and Eric Rothstein; Madison, Wis.: University of Wis-consin Press, 1991), 3-36; Barbara Godard, "Intertextuality," in Encyclopedia of Con-temporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms (gen. ed. Irena R. Makaryk; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993), 568-71; Wendell V. Harris, "Intertextual-ity," in Dictionary of Concepts in Literary Criticism and Theory (New York: Greenwood, 1992), 175-8.

9 Michael Riffaterre, Semiotics of Poetry (Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 1978); idem, Text Production (trans. Terese Lyons; New York: Columbia Univer-sity Press, 1983); Gérard Genette, Figures of Literary Discourse (trans. Alan Sheridan; New York: Columbia University Press, 1982); idem, Palimpsests: Literature in the Sec-ond Degree (trans. Channa Newman and Claude Doubinsky; Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1997).

10 Here see esp. Roland Barthes, S/Z (trans. Richard Howard; New York: Hill and Wang, 1974); idem, Elements of Semiology (trans. Annette Lavers and Colin Smith; Lon-don: Jonathan Cape, 1984); Julia Kristeva, Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art (trans. T. Gora, A. Jardine and L. S. Roudiez; ed. Leon S. Roudiez; New York: Columbia University Press, 1980).

11 Most notably Dominick LaCapra, History and Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985); idem, Rethinking Intellectual History: Texts, Contexts, Language (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983); for a recent treatment of Isaiah 24-27 from this perspec-tive see Donald Polaski, Authorizing an End, esp. 24-32.

12 Ironically, the confusion in the term's definition can ultimately be traced to the per-son who coined it, J. Kristeva. She herself eventually abandoned "intertextuality," prefer-ring instead the term "transposition." Cf. J. Kristeva, Revolution in Poetic Language (trans. Margaret Waller; New York: Columbia University Press, 1984), 59-60.


study offers an exegesis of Isaiah 24-27 that pays special attention to ex-amples of intertextuality that have played a role in the formation of and discourse in these chapters. Three related questions guide this study: What criteria must be established to determine whether the text under considera-tion is accurately considered an intertext (methodology)? How should we think about the reappropriation of the earlier text on the literary level (lit-erary function)? What is the exegetical significance of each example of intertextuality; that is, how do individual cases of intertextuality contribute to the meaning of the text within Isaiah 24-27? Other ancillary questions arise during the course of the investigation, but these three questions form the core of the inquiry. I take them as three stages through which the inter-preter must proceed in order to gain a proper understanding of the kinds of intertextuality to be uncovered in Isaiah 24-27.

The methodology adopted for the first stage is in some respects the most important issue, since it will dictate, in large part, what I view as a true in-tertext. Even a brief survey of existing treatments of intertextuality reveals that no firm or certain answer to what forms a true example of intertextual-ity exists. In fact, for many who operate within this domain, the question itself is misguided, since any text can be placed into conversation with any other text, thereby forming an intertextual relationship. Certain discussions about intertextuality have tended to emphasize the role of the reader and the reader's ideology in the construction of meaning, to advocate a syn-chronous reading of texts, to eliminate any notion of "author" and author-ial intent from the discussion about a text, and to eschew the idea of liter-ary influence. While these characteristics certainly have a place in the dis-cussion about intertextuality, I question their ability to account adequately for the kinds of issues that arise in handling an ancient text within its own context. I am much more interested in the question of how the ancient reader read earlier texts and constructed a textual conversation with that text through the composition of her or his own text. In framing the issue this way, I consciously opt to retain a diachronic arrangement of the texts, however sketchy our knowledge about those matters may be. Additionally, I will not jettison the concept of the author or the author's intention as has become fashionable of late, but will instead attempt to understand what the author(s) was doing in the composition of Isaiah 24-27 based on the tex-tual evidence.12. Obviously, framing the issue like this moves us into a hy-pothetical realm to a certain degree and mandates that certain safeguards

13 For a similar position on the issue of the author and intertextuality within biblical studies, see James Nogalski, "Intertextuality and the Twelve," in Forming Prophetic Lit-erature: Essays on Isaiah and the Twelve in Honor of John D. W. Watts (ed. James W. Watts and Paul R. House; JSOTSup 235; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996), 102-24, esp. 102f.


be constructed, but the degree to which the "reading" advocated here is hypothetical is certainly no less than other more ardently postmodern ap-proaches, and in fact, probably less so.

In this study, I will adopt the following procedure for identifying an in-tertext: first, some amount of shared vocabulary must exist between this text and another. As one would expect, it is impossible to quantify pre-cisely the amount of shared vocabulary necessary before positing an inter-textual relationship, but obviously more is better. Additionally, the shared vocabulary should preferably not be language common to the rest of the Hebrew Bible. So, for example, two texts in question both using HliU is probably insufficient evidence for a meaningful intertextual relationship; more evidence is needed. The rarer the language in common between the two texts or the more extensive the verbal overlap, the more probable it is that one is dealing with an actual case of intertextuality. Second, the two texts in question should exhibit some degree of thematic coherence. If two texts are both exploring the same concept or problem, the possibility of intertextuality increases since the later text may intentionally choose the previous one as a "conversation partner." The issue is made difficult, how-ever, by the fact that two texts may address a similar theme or topic with-out using the same vocabulary. In such a case, it is extremely difficult to decide whether or not a true intertextual connection exists since one text may conceivably interact with another without using the same vocabulary. Nevertheless, in this study I have opted for what I regard as the safest pos-sible course, which means that thematic coherence will need to be accom-panied by shared vocabulary in order to qualify as an example of intertex-tuality. This limits the options in certain cases, but it is a necessary limita-tion in my view. Next, it must be shown that the textual relationship is meaningful in some way. That is, it seems pointless to argue for an inter-textual relationship based on similar vocabulary or theme if that relation-ship has no bearing on the meaning of the Isaianic text under considera-tion. I readily concede that this involves a degree of subjectivity on the part of the exegete; nevertheless, one must ask the question and attempt to answer it. Finally, since I am retaining a diachronic arrangement of the texts under consideration, the intertextuality should be chronologically possible. A possible intertext must refer to a text earlier than Isaiah 24-27, otherwise the relationship is not possible in the way I am defining intertex-tuality.14

14 This last point is important, because many current discussions about intertextuality bring texts from different historical periods into conversation with each other. Part of this effort is to allow later texts to determine (at least partially) the meaning of earlier texts. While this may be illuminating as a playful exercise for modern discourse, it tells us nothing about the ways these texts would have been read in antiquity.


Having identified an intertextual relationship, I turn to the question of which literary categories best describe the situation at hand. At this stage I attempt to understand on a literary level how the Isaianic text has engaged the earlier one. A wide spectrum of possibilities exists, ranging from quo-tation15 on one end to broader, more elusive thematic correspondences on the other. In between lies a whole range of possible ways of construing the intertextual alignment, described by Patricia Willey as "the realm of allu-sion, response, appropriation, recollection, and echo."16 This question es-sentially addresses how an author has evoked another text within his or her own composition. Additionally, it provides an index for how informed the author may expect the reader to be, since the reader must be aware of the precursor text in order to appreciate fully the way in which the author has reused it. The more opaque the textual interplay is, the more adept the reader will need to be to understand the reference. For example, a quota-tion may be more easily spotted by the reader because of the high degree of similarity between the referencing text and its antecedent.17 When the author chooses merely to echo or allude to an earlier text, however, the de-gree of difficulty in recognizing the literary interplay increases. Most of the examples adduced for Isaiah 24-27 fall into this middle range of allu-sion and its various correlates, which suggests that their identification — by ancient and modern readers - may not always be simple and straightfor-ward. Most analyses of this sort involve a certain degree of unavoidable subjectivity on the part of the interpreter, and this is only all too easily ap-

15 For an insightful study of quotation within the prophetic literature and, to a lesser degree, quotation within the larger corpus of ancient Near Eastern literature, see Richard Schultz, The Search for Quotation: Verbal Parallels in the Prophets (JSOTSup 180; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999). Schultz makes a useful distinction between verbal parallels and verbal dependence. Quotations form part of the latter category, while the former may be due to any number factors.

16 Patricia Tull Willey, Remember the Former Things: The Recollection of Previous Texts in Second Isaiah (SBLDS 161; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997), 61. Ben Sommer uses three broad categories in his examination of allusion in Second Isaiah: explicit cita-tion, implicit reference and interpolation (A Prophet Reads Scripture: Allusion in Isaiah 40-66 [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998], 20-22). Cf. the three categories out-lined by the French literary critic Gerard Genette (Palimpsests, 6-15): citation, allusion, plagiat (plagiarism).

171 should stress, however, that identifying a quotation in a biblical text is not as easy as in a modern text. For example, whereas punctuation and/or attribution indicate the presence of quotation in modern Western texts, this is not the case in the biblical text. No such indicators usually exist. Moreover, an author may intentionally change a text in quoting it in order to provide some kind of comment upon it, thereby complicating either the reader's ability to recognize the quotation or the reader's understanding of the pur-pose of the quotation (on which see my discussion in chapter 2 on Isa 24:18).


parent in trying to decide whether an intertextual connection is an allusion or an echo, for example.

Finally, I explore the effect that the intertextual connection has on the reading of the Isaianic text. The history of scholarship in this area indicates that exegetes have often been content merely to note the textual overlap without inquiring about its purpose. Perhaps it seems axiomatic, but a valid example of intertextuality will have some bearing on the way the texts are to be read, otherwise there would be no point in the evocation of the other text. What possibilities exist? In my view, the textual link may impact the interpretation of either the earlier or later text, or both, so the reader must always bear in mind these multiple interpretive possibilities.18 The textual overlap may confirm or transform the message of the earlier text in some way. In the latter case, intertextuality may serve to augment the message of the earlier text (cf. Isa 16:1-12; 13-14), subtract from it, reapply it to a new situation (cf. Jer 25:11, 12; Dan 9:2), contradict it (cf. Isaiah 58; Deut 23:1-3), or reconfigure the ideas completely (cf. anony-mous city in Isaiah 24-27 vs. historical cities in Isaiah 13-2319).20 In these cases the primary relationship is an exegetical one in which the later text comments on the earlier text in one or another of the preceding ways.

Intertextuality's effect on the alluding text may take several forms. It may be something as simple as conferring a sense of authority on the later text, inasmuch as the association with an earlier authoritative text subtly suggests to the reader that it too is authoritative. More often, however, the allusion is more complex. To take an example that I will consider in more detail in chapter 2, how should the reader evaluate the reference to the nbiu rr i n in Isa 24:5? Is the use of this technical phrase meant to call to mind similar texts from the Priestly stratum of the Pentateuch (in whatever form it may have existed)? Additionally, might it envision similar uses of this phrase from Ezekiel as well as more generic covenant language con-nected with Deuteronomy and the Davidic dynasty? Perhaps all of these ideas converge to one degree or another in this one verse in Isaiah 24, re-sulting in a radical reconfiguring of covenant now expressed in this escha-tologically oriented document.21 If this is the case, then the allusions to these earlier texts are meant to contribute to the reader's understanding of this otherwise oblique reference in Isa 24:5. A similar example may be

18 Sommer argues that the reasons a text may allude to an earlier one include exegesis, influence, revision, polemic, allusion, and echo (A Prophet Reads Scripture, 22-30).

19 Vermeylen, "La composition," 36-38; Biddle, "The City of Chaos and the New Je-ruslam: Isaiah 24-27 in Context," 5-12; J. Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39, 348.

20 Michael Fishbane (Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel, [Oxford: Clarendon, 1985], 44-279) provides several examples of these types of exegetical relationships.

21 This is essentially Polaski's argument; cf. Authorizing an End, 94-145.


seen in Isa 27:2-6 where the vineyard language and imagery first intro-duced in Isaiah 5 reappears. A comprehensive taxonomy of the exegetical possibilities is not possible, since they are nearly infinite. Rather, my ap-proach will be to highlight the interpretive function of the textual link in the course of the exegesis that follows.

More directly, this study does not take up intertextuality for its own sake, that is, as simply a creative impulse of an author with no other pur-pose. Rather, in my judgment, intertextuality functions as part of the wider developmental process of ancient Israel's religious tradition(s). It is one approach to the theological development of religious themes, concepts and ideas, the trajectories of which followed different paths in the Hebrew Scriptures, but which eventuated in the Hebrew canon. Authors both in-herit earlier aspects of that tradition and, for a variety of reasons,22 modify it for those who follow them. By the time Isaiah 24-27 is attached to that tradition (here I am thinking of the Isaianic tradition as well as the larger religious tradition of nascent Judaism whatever its contents at that point), prophecy, or more properly the composition of prophetic texts, has begun to interact with an expanding written tradition - prophetic and otherwise -of which it must take account. This writtenness provides the later author with both a formal exemplar as well as a stock of themes, symbols, and ideas from which to draw. That an author would use these in such a way as to cause the reader23 to recall these earlier compositions is not hard to imagine.24

22 On the factors which lead to change in a tradition (religious or otherwise), see the important work of Edward Shils, Tradition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), esp. 213-61. Shils contends that two types of social actors precipitate change in traditions: endogenous and exogenous. These factors create the patterns of change: at one end of the spectrum, a synthesis between an older and newer tradition may occur such that a completely new tradition emerges unlike either of its parents; at the other extreme, one of the traditions may simply absorb the other with no apparent change in the former. In between these two extremes traditions may evolve through the addition of newer ele-ments to the older pattern as well as through an amalgamation of new and old.

23 Unfortunately we lack information about who read these texts and the context in which they would have been read and studied. Therefore, in trying to imagine the proper social context for these texts, I assume, for better or worse, a rather small readership for these texts, based primarily on what I take to be the rather low level of literacy among the general populace at this point in Judah's history and a lack of access to these texts. On the latter point, I think it likely that these texts were archived in Jerusalem where only a small cadre of interested people possessing the requisite skills to understand them would have taken notice of their material existence. One of the correlates of this kind of assumption, a proper one in my view, is the ability to surmise more easily that generally most readers would have understood the same set of intertextual allusions. For a recent treatment of the literacy question in ancient Israel and many related issues, see Susan Niditch, Oral World and Written Word (LAI; Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox,


I should stress that it is not my task here to define a methodology or de-velop a taxonomy that is applicable to every example of textual reuse in the Hebrew Bible, a kind of Ubermethode, that transcends the bounds of this project, and I question whether it is practically possible in any non-reductionist way.25 Undoubtedly, the authors of the biblical texts devel-oped a variety of ways of interacting with earlier texts and traditions over the long course of the development of the biblical traditions and texts. It stands to reason that the approaches and stances toward these texts will differ in various cases, thereby making it nearly impossible to describe the phenomenon comprehensively. Yet while my focus is primarily to under-stand better the textual interrelationships within Isaiah 24-27, I hope that this will contribute to a greater understanding of intertextuality as a com-positional and rhetorical strategy within the larger biblical corpus. To the degree that these chapters represent a later stratum of composition within the Isaianic tradition, they may yield important clues for the way tradents of the biblical traditions in the Second Commonwealth thought about and interacted with their predecessors.26

1997). On the matter of archives and their possible existence in Israel, see Philip Davies, Scribes and Schools (LAI; Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox, 1998).

24 Wolfgang Lau and Burkhard Zapff have described this interaction and the composi-tion of new prophetic texts as "scribal prophecy" (schriftgelehrte Prophetie). I will comment on this idea vis-à-vis Isaiah 24-27 in chapter six. See Lau, Schriftgelehrte Prophetie in Jes 56-66 (BZAW 225; Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1994) esp. 1-21, and Zapff, Schriftgelehrte Prophetie-Jes 13 und die Komposition des Jesajabuches (For-schung zur Bibel 74; Wiirzburg: Echter, 1995).

25 Obviously, Fishbane's treatment of inner-biblical exegesis (Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel) comes the closest to this kind of thing. However, as others have noted, clearly exegesis does not and cannot explain all of the varieties of textual relationship in the Hebrew Bible. See, e.g., Sommer, A Prophet Reads Scripture, 23-5. Moreover, even within legitimate examples of exegesis, Fishbane's three primary analytical categories -legal, aggadic, and mantological exegesis - may not account for the total range of exe-getical activity.

26 B. Sommer's understanding of these issues from the perspective of Deutero-Isaiah is worth mentioning here: "Deutero-Isaiah's was a peculiar sort of prophetic inspiration. He experienced the presence of the divine voice by ruminating on divine voices from the past. More than his pre-exilic forerunners, Deutero-Isaiah based his prophecies on older texts, recasting their words in order to create new but derivative oracles for his own day" (A Prophet Reads Scripture, 152). On the other hand, D. Polaski denies this kind of ex-planation for the origin of Isaiah 24-27, denying what some think is its exegetical, there-fore, dependent status (Authorizing an End, 357). Polaski seems to think that a position like Sommer's (or that of David Petersen, Late Israelite Prophecy: Studies in Deutero-Prophetic Literature and in Chronicles [SBLMS 23; Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1976]) diminishes the authority and power of the text, a position that simply does not follow from my perspective.


2. Intertextuality: What Is It and Who Does It?

As I stated earlier, this study will adopt an approach to Isaiah 24-27 that falls under the heading of loosely related approaches known as intertextu-ality. The following is an attempt to survey briefly some relevant intertex-tual studies and theorists in order to nuance more adequately my own ap-propriation and application of this term as outlined earlier. Recently, tex-tual examinations utilizing the language and procedure of this burgeoning area of literary studies have proliferated, but in so doing the confusion about this term and its appropriate application has only multiplied. In short, intertextuality has come to mean many things to many people, since no authoritative definition for either the term or the approaches to the text that it may represent has been forthcoming. The French literary theorist Julia Kristeva originally coined the term in the late 1960s,27 a time of tran-sition in Paris from the previously dominant structuralist influence in liter-ary studies to the poststructuralism that still dominates in many ways to-day.28 She derived the concept from Mikhail Bakhtin's idea of dialogism,29 broadly understood as give and take - the play - between the "text of the sender (subject), the text of the addressee (object), and the text of cul-ture."30 However, whereas Bakhtin remained committed to the social loca-tion of this discourse, and therefore to the historical dimension generally speaking, Kristeva's modification sought to take the text out of the histori-cal realm and into a kind of ahistorical textual space. Unfortunately, Kris-teva's use of the term was not always consistent, so what she meant by in-tertextuality cannot be defined with a great deal of precision. One of her chief concerns was to differentiate between utterance and enunciation.31 For her, the former dealt with the act of the text's coming into being, while the latter was more concerned with the actual text itself independent from the author. Additionally, she introduced the ideas of the genotext and the phenotext - the latter being the traditional object of textual analysis, while the former is understood as the part of the text that emanates from the sub-conscious and serves to disrupt or undercut the phenotext.32 The phenotext

27 See especially two essays in Kristeva's Desire in Language: "The Bounded Text," 36-63; and "Word, Dialogue, Novel," 64-91.

28 Allen, Intertextuality, 30-5. 29 On which see Mikhail Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination (ed. Michael Holquist;

trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist; Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981). 30 Timothy K. Beal, "Ideology and Intertextuality: Surplus of Meaning and Control-

ling the Means of Production" in Reading Between Texts: Intertextuality and the Hebrew Bible (ed. Danna Nolan Fewell; LCBI; Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1992), 29.

31 Kristeva, "The Bounded Text," 36-7. 32 Ibid., "Word, Dialogue, Novel," 86-9; see also, Allen, Intertextuality, 50-1. One

can see here already the seeds of deconstructionism.

Source Index

I. Ancient Near Eastern Sources

ARMZ.tt 77 .£71/1.5 1:1-3 164 EA 162.22-25 77 KTU 1.5 1:7-9 72 KTU 1.2 IV 83 KTU 1.5 1:27-30 164 KTU131 83 A7771.5 V:10-ll 17 KTU 1.3 1:24 148 KTU 1.6 111:2-13 17 KTU 1.3 111:7 148 ATt/ 1.19 1:38-46 148 KTU 1.4 VI 83

II. Old Testament

Genesis 9.1-17 57 1.1-11.26 61 9.1 59,64 1-11 37, 56,57, 60, 69 9.7 59 1-3 15 9.10 43 1 49 9.16 58 l . l -2.4a 14 9.20-27 59 1.2 59 11 58, 59, 63 4.10 160 11.1-9 57,58,61,62,69 6-9 56,58,59, 63, 161 12-50 59 6.11 161 12.3 144, 175 6.13 58 15.8 190 6.18-20 161 17.7 58, 65 7 57 17.13 58, 65 7.1 161 17.19 58 7.7 161 26.26-33 77 7.9 161 31.43-54 77 7.11 57, 69 34.22 185 7.13 161 37 111 7.15 161 41.6 184 7.16 161 41.23 184 8 57 41.27 184 8.2 57, 69 43.30 160 8.13-14 161 9 43, 57, 58, 64, 68, Exodus

69 7.28 160

232 II. Old Testament

10.13 184 23 111, 12 161-162 23.1-3 7 12.11 161 23.3-6 111 14.21 184 23.3 114 15 130 24.20 190 15.2 130 28 68 15.18 76 28.12 65 16.3 172 28.22-24 65 18.12 77 28.24 65 19-23 79 28.30 65 19.19 191 28.36 65 20-23 79 28.39 65 20.18 191 28.44 65 24 78, 79, 80,92 28.52 65 24.1-11 77 28.62 65 24.1-2 77 28.64 58 24.3-8 77 28.67 172 24.9-11 75,77,78,79,91 30.1-5 193 24.9 78 30.3 58 24.11 78 30.4 192 24.16 78 31.16 65 24.17 78 32.4 129 31.16 58, 65, 67, 68 32.14 170 34.13 186 33.1 129

33.5 96 Leviticus 33.28 148 24.6-8 66 63-64 65 24.8 58 68 65 25.3 171 25.9 191 Joshua 26 68 5.13 75 26.30 186 6.6 191 26.41 185 6.13 191 26.43 185 9.11-15 77

15.4 190 Numbers 15.47 190 11.29 172 24.9 111 18.19 66 21.17 170 Judges 22-24 111 2.1 67 23.21 76,96 3.12-30 111 25.10-13 66 3.27 191 34.5 190 6.11 190 35 43 8.23 76 35.33 43 9.29 172

15.1 160 Deuteronomy 16.9 160 4.19 76 4.27 58 Ruth 5.29 172 2.17 190 7.5 186 17.3 76

II. Old Testament 233

1 Samuel 2.2 4.7 8.7 10.19 11.2 11.15 12.12 14.47 25.36

2 Samuel 3.12-21 3.20 6.18 8.2 19.1 22.2 22.32 23.5

1 Kings 1.9 1.19 1.25 3.15 5.1 5.4 7.2 7.19 8.62-65 8.65 22.19

2 Kings 3.4-27 17.16 19.3 21.3 21.5 23 23.4-5 23.15 24.2 24.7

1 Chronicles 16.34 28.11

2 Chronicles 14.2

129 160 76 76 185 76 76 111 82

77 82 76 111 172 129 129 58

76 76 76 82 144, 190 190 57 57 76 190 96

111 76 157 76 76 186, 187 76 186 111 190

96 160

186

34 34.3-4 34.3 34.4 34.6-7 34.7

Ezra 5.9 6.7 9

Nehemiah 1.8 1.9 9.6-36 9.6 13 13.4-8

Esther 1.1-9 2.18 5.4-8 6.14-7.10

Job 3.8 6.8 11.5 13.5 14.13 19.23 22.21 23.3 29.2 31.31 31.35 40 40.25

Psalms 9-10 9.14 9.18 10.3 10.12 10.17 12.2 14.7 15.1-2 15.1

186, 187 186 36 36,195 186 36, 186, 195

78 78 111

58 192 136 75 111, 114 173

83 83 83 83

163 172 172 172 172 172 174 172 172 172 172 164 163

140 140 140 140 140 140 130 172 126 125

2 3 4 U Old Testament

18.3 129 96.10 76,85 18.32 129 96.13 85 18.47 129 97.1 76, 85 19.15 129 97.7 85 24 84 97.9 85 24.3 125 98.2 85 25.10 140 98.3 85 26.7 140 98.6 85 27.11 140 98.9 85 28.1 129 99.1 76, 85 31 95 99.2 85 31.15 95 104.26 163 33.6 75 110 148 46 85, 148 111.5 67 47 85,96 111.9 67 47.7-9 85 118 96 47.7 76 118.1 96 48 85 118.8-9 96 48.8 184 118.14-16 96 53.7 172 118.14 96, 130 54.5 99 118.15-16 96 55.7 172 118.17 96 58 140 118.19-20 126 68 84 118.19 96 73 139 118.20 96 74 165-166 118.21 96 74.10 165 118.22 96 74.11 165 118.26 96 74.12 165 118.27 96 74.13-14 165 118.28 95 74.14 163 132 84 74.18 165 133.3 148 74.20 166 143.6 112 74.21 165 144.1 129 75 85, 140 76 85 Proverbs 78.26 184 4.18 139 81.4 191 15.19 139 82 75, 136 19.12 148 82.6-7 76 31.20 112 86 95 92.16 129 Ecclesiastes 93 84, 85, 96 10.11 145 93.1 76, 85 12.3 57 94.22 129 95-99 84, 96 Isaiah 95 85 1-39 2, 7, 22, 24,25, 95.1 129 27,31,35,37,38, 95.3 85 39,41, 117, 166, 96-99 85 203,204,206, 96.4 85 207,208 96.8 85 1-12 130


1 169,199 5.5-6 176 1.2 45 5.6 139, 176,179 1.3 187, 189 5.7 176 1.5-6 199,201,202 5.12 142 1.5 199 5.15 115,133 1.6 199 5.16 115 1.19 139 5.17 187 1.20 45 5.19 97, 98, 142 2-4 116 5.21 139 2 89, 115-117, 133, 5.24 173

134, 161, 166 5.25-30 149 2.1-5 204 5.25 142,199 2.1-4 207 6 185 2.2-4 86 6.1-8 91 2.3 133,140 6.5 96 2.6-22 115, 116 6.7 185 2.6-21 133,134 7-8 46, 105 2.6-19 117 7.23-25 179 2.8 115, 142 7.23-24 173 2.9-17 115,133 7.24-25 187 2.9 115,133 8.17 109 2.10 133,161 9 97,98,200 2.11 115,133 9.5 97 2.12 133 9.6 91, 142 2.14 133 9.7-20 149 2.15 133 9.8-21 199 2.17 115, 133 9.12 142, 199 2.18 115, 187 9.14 78 2.19 161 9.15 78 2.20 115, 139, 187 9.17 142, 179 3.1-4.2 42 9.21 142, 173 3.1 42 10 200 3.2 78 10.4 142 3.3 145 10.5-19 98 3.6 139 10.5-6 173 3.12 140 10.5 200 3.14 78 10.8-19 200 3.20 145 10.12 142 4.2-6 103 10.17 173,179 4.2-4 204,207 10.20 199,202 4.5b-6 102-104 10.24 199,200 4.26 139 10.25-27 200 5-33 116 10.26 199 5 8, 16, 26, 175, 10.33 37

176, 177, 178, 11 97,98,203,204, 179, 180, 182, 207 196,200 11.1 91

5.1-7 172, 176, 177,207 11.2 97 5.1-6 176 11.4 199 5.1-2 176 11.10-16 194,203-207 5.1 26 11.10 203,205 5.2-4 176 11.11-16 193,194,204

236

l l . l l 11.12 11.13 11.14-15 11.15-16 11.15 12

12.1-6 12.1-2 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4-6 12.6 12.14-16 13-39 13-33 13-27 13-23

13-14 13 13.4-5 13.9 13.11 13.19 13.20-22 14 14.1-2 14.6 14.9 14.11 14.24-27 14.26 14.27 14.29 15-16

15.24 16.1-12 16.6-7 16.6 16.13-14 17

17.1-11 17.1-6 17.1-3 17.1

II. Old Testament

203 17.2 187, 194 203 17.4-6 46 205 17.5 194 205 17.6 46 ,47 ,48 ,49 , 68 205 17.7-8 197 142,199, 203 17.7 194 129,130, 131, 17.8 48, 142, 186, 194 132, 134 17.9 194, 196-198 129,133 17.10 196 130 17.11 197 130 17.12-14 47, 195, 198 129,130 17.13 48 129,130 18.3 192 130 19 98 130 19.1 37 96 19.2 42 36 19.16 142 25 19.17 97 177 19.23-28 193 7 ,25,49, 50, 67, 19.23-25 192 115, 133, 138 19.28 142 25 20.1-6 105 9 ,21,45, 117 21 25, 50, 53 75 21.2 50,51,52, 54,68 21 21.9 50 98, 100, 101, 113 21.10 39 ,50 ,51 ,52 100 21.13-23 51 187 22.5 45 21,98, 144 23.11 142 175 23.13 105 199,200 24-26 23,71, 167, 204, 144 208 113 24-25 77, 82, 87, 88, 97,98 91,92, 93, 134, 97 140, 141, 166 142 24 7 ,21,27, 33,37, 199,200 38 ,40 ,41 ,43 ,45-55,73, 110, 111, 49, 53, 56-59, 62-113, 118 67, 69, 70, 76, 78, 139 86, 88, 93, 100, 7 108, 131, 134, 116 157, 161, 162, 113 163, 167, 175, 7 188, 194 47,48, 106, 117, 24.1-23 107, 167 169, 187, 194, 24.1-20 30, 37,40,44, 59, 195, 196, 197, 68, 70, 74,75, 198, 207 107, 117, 137, 47, 195 160, 163, 167 48 24.1-16a 22 ,29 ,81 46, 106, 196 24.1-13 21 ,34 ,39 ,40 ,47 , 105, 106,195 51, 160


24.1-6 24.1-3 24.1-2 24.1

24.2 24.3 24.4-16 24.4-13 24.4-6 24.4

24.5

24.6 24.7-13 24.7-12 24.7-11 24.7-10 24.7-9 24.7 24.8-18a 24.8-13 24.8-12 24.10-12 24.10

24.11 24.12 24.13-16aa 24.13 24.14-20 24.14-18a 24.14-16

24.14 24.15 24.16b-20 24.16

24.16-25.9 24.17-20 24.17-18 24.17 24.18 24.18b-20 24.18-19 24.19-20

39,48 68,71 94 37, 58, 62, 69, 160,191 42,45 27 ,38 ,41 ,72 26,27 38 27 43 ,44 ,45 ,47 , 58, 101 7, 19, 43 ,44,45, 57, 58, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 79, 80 38, 58, 59, 144 39, 93, 193 26, 97, 131 59 188 27 38 ,47 ,58 27 39 23 150 2, 20, 23, 27, 32, 47, 59 ,71 ,72,93, 94,98, 160, 167, 188 144 2,20, 23, 27, 32 30 38 ,46 ,47 ,48 ,68 39, 49,71 34 27 ,38 ,39 ,51 ,68 , 127,160 38,71, 127, 141 145 27 ,38 ,39 ,51 ,53 34 ,39 ,49 ,50 ,51 , 52, 53,68, 126, 127 22, 29,81 39 22, 53, 68, 74 41,53 6, 57, 69,75, 164 34,160 58 44,71

24.20

24.21-27.1 24.21-33 24.21-26.6 24.21-25.12

24.21-25.10a 24.21-25.8 24.21-23

24.21-22

24.21

24.22

24.23

25-27 25-26 25

25.1-26.21 25.1-15 25.1-5

25.1-4 25.1-3 25.1

25.2

25.3-5

27, 39,56, 58, 64, 68,74, 162, 166 30,33, 160, 163 30 136, 137, 138, 160 70, 74, 79, 99, 112, 117, 118, 151 88, 89 72, 85, 88, 93 34 ,40 ,51 ,64 ,66 , 70-76,79,81-83, 85-87,90-93, 107, 116,117 44, 80, 87, 88, 149, 160, 169 39 ,43 ,71 ,75 ,81 , 85, 94, 107, 113, 125, 131, 135, 160, 171 43,90, 113, 116, 171 22, 63 ,66 ,71 ,78 , 80, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91,92,96, 103, 104, 107, 117, 149, 192, 205 23 28 71,72, 79, 85,86, 90, 92, 95, 96, 100-105, 107, 108, 111, 113, 115, 116, 123, 126-128, 131, 132, 134, 193 74 107 23,24, 26,27, 34, 71,72,74, 88,93, 96, 97,99, 100, 101,105-108, 117, 118, 122, 129, 131, 132, 133, 150 81 94 25 ,26 ,71 ,94 , 95, 97-99, 105, 125, 127, 149 2, 20, 22 ,32,71, 93,94, 98,99, 105, 106, 123, 167, 188, 189 90, 100, 101, 103


25.3 22,71,94, 100, 117, 127, 144, 149, 188

25.4-5a 94, 102-104,123, 131

25.4 71,94, 100, 132, 174

25.5 71,94, 100,103 25.6-10a 30,88, 191,206 25.6-8 22,27, 34,40, 51,

63, 66, 72-78, 80-83, 85-87, 89-93, 103, 105, 107, 117, 120, 167, 170, 193,205

25.6 72, 73, 78, 79, 85, 107

25.7 72,80, 107, 111, 127, 144

25.8 34,35,45, 64, 72, 73 ,80 ,81 ,96 , 105, 107, 119, 149, 164

25.9-12 27, 34 ,71 ,73 ,74 , 106, 116, 117, 129

25.9-11 95 25.9-10a 22,73,74, 101,

107-110, 116,117, 118, 120, 121

25.9 27, 73, 88, 96, 107, 108121, 125, 129, 141, 143, 149

25.10-26.8 29, 120 25.10-18 96 25.10b-12 24, 73,74, 107,

110, 113-118, 130, 133, 136,205

25.1 lb-12 131, 133 25.11 73, 112,114 25.10 24, 32,73, 88, 96,

107, 109, 114, 125,142, 149

25.12 25,73,74, 110, 123,132

26-27 158 26 27 ,28 ,30 ,71 ,85 ,

119, 120, 122, 125-128, 130-136, 139-141, 143, 149-156, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 16-167, 168

26.1-27.1 119, 123 26.1-21 121,123 26.1-19 120, 123,208 26.1-14 27,120, 136 26.1-8 22,81 26.1-6 23,24,26, 34,71,

101, 106, 115, 119-124, 126-137, 159, 166, 170

26.1-4 125 26.1-3 30, 119, 122 26.1 2 ,20 ,25, 27, 32,

74, 110, 121, 124, 128, 129, 131, 133, 136, 137, 167, 188

26.2 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 135, 136, 144, 161, 163

26.3 128, 129, 136, 141, 149, 174

26.4-5a 120, 122 26.4 128, 129, 131 26.5-6 120, 122, 131,

132,133 26.5 2,20, 22, 32,

110123, 124, 129, 130, 133, 136, 137, 167

26.6 24, 122, 123, 131, 132, 136, 137, 191

26.7-27.1 123, 124, 137, 165, 165

26.7-21 121, 138 26.7-19 107, 122, 136,

137, 159, 165, 166 26.7-18 34, 119, 122, 137,

138, 152, 166,180 26.7-15 121 26.7-11 122 26.7-10 121, 122, 124,

139, 141, 151, 161, 165

26.7 122, 123, 124, 136, 140

26.8-9 34 26.8 138, 140, 141,

143, 151, 152, 165 26.9 139, 151 26.10-15 154 26.10 139, 140, 141, 165 26.11-27.6 81, 120


26.11-19 121,124, 139, 149 26.20 137, 160-162, 166 26.11-18 138 26.21-27.1 167 26.11-15 122, 141 26.21 43, 147, 160, 165, 26.11-13 23 166, 171 26.11-12 121 27 16, 23, 163, 164, 26.11 141, 142, 152, 167-169, 175-180,

155, 156, 159, 186-189, 192-198, 160, 165 201-208

26.12-18 122 27.1 27, 34 ,35 ,43 ,64 , 26.12 135, 136, 141, 122, 123, 135,

142, 143, 149, 165 147, 163-166, 168, 26.13-27.11 17, 29,157, 158 169, 171, 182, 26.13-18 150, 159 191, 195,203 26.13-15 144 27.2-13 30, 167-170, 193, 26.13-14 144,151 198, 207,208 26.13 135, 136, 141, 27,2b-11 27

143, 144, 148, 27.2-11 27, 168 150, 152, 157, 165 27.2-6 8,30, 34, 157,

26.14-15 136, 141 167-171, 175-177, 26.14b-15 123 181, 187, 207 26.14 27,43, 119, 122, 27.2-5 26, 167, 169, 170,

136, 140, 143, 173, 175, 176, 144, 146, 148, 182, 191, 193, 197 149, 154, 160, 171 27.2-4 183

26.15-19 27,31,120, 136, 27.2 27, 168, 178 154 27.3-4 174

26.15 127, 144, 149, 27.3 43. 171, 174, 178, 150, 152, 155 179

26.16-27.6 29 27.4 173, 174, 178, 26.16-19 121 179,182 26.16-18 34, 122, 141, 144, 27.5 170, 171, 173-175,

150 188,195, 197,202 26.16 135, 136, 160, 171 27.6 167-171, 175, 177, 26.17-18 135, 145, 146, 178, 184,203

148, 149, 152, 27.7-13 167, 168, 194 156, 157, 159 27.7-11 21,27,150, 169,

26.17 137,152 170, 180, 181 26.18 121, 136, 137, 27.7-9 188,195

138, 139,143, 146, 27.7-8 168, 187 148, 152, 165 27.7 34,167, 180-182,

26.19-21 122, 123 185, 188, 194, 26.19 17,27, 34,35,36, 198, 199,202,

122, 135,136, 203,207 137, 141,143, 27.8 22,34, 157, 167, 144, 146-149, 151, 169, 180-185, 188 154, 157,159, 27.9-11 34,36,195 160, 166, 180, 191 27.9 36,48,157, 167,

26.20-27.1 120, 121, 122, 168, 180, 181, 124, 135, 137, 184-187, 191, 192, 139, 159, 173 195, 202, 206

26.20-21 34, 120, 121, 122, 27.10-11 23, 168, 187, 193, 135, 159-164, 166 197

240

27.10

27.11

27.12-13

27.12

27.13

28-33 28.27 28.29 29 29.5 29.17-24 29.17-21 29.20 29.23 30 30.1-5 30.1 30.5 30.10 30.11 30.18 30.19-22 30.23-26 30.25 30.26 30.27 30.31 31.3 31.6-7 32 32.1-2 32.2 32.10 32.12-13 32.12 32.14 32.15-20 32.16-18 32.19 33

II. Old Testament

2, 5,20, 22, 23, 33.1-24 51 32, 170,180,181, 33.1 50,51,52,53,68 183, 185, 188, 33.2 108, 109 189, 192, 194, 33.3 109 195-197 33.5 109 157, 181, 188, 33.6 108 189, 194 33.8 140 30, 34,81, 167- 33.15 140 169, 184, 191, 33.22 76,108 193, 194, 197, 34.4 75,76 202-207 34.5-6 163 27, 168, 169, 181, 34.8-15 187 190-193,203,204 35.8-10 193, 194 22,27, 168, 181, 36-37 105,199 191, 192,203, 37.3 153, 157 204,206 37.32 142 25,26 37.38 199 190 38.8 67,68 97 38.10 145 101 40-66 6,16,88, 129, 99, 101 166, 208 101 40-55 30, 175 101 40-49 175 101 40-48 35 142 40.1-11 87,185 98, 105 40.2 142 104-106 40.3-5 193 97 40.5 45 105 40.14 140 140 40.26 75 140 41.13 140 109 41.20 142 187 41.21-24 76 201 115 41.27 40 199, 201,202 42.16 193 37 43.18 15 199, 200,202 44.6-8 76 142 44.14-17 187 187 44.26 97 46 45.12 75 102-104 45.18 59 103 45.19 46 46 98 173 46.10 97,98 171 47-66 25 187 47 25,97 133 47.6 78 142 48.8 50 115 48.14 109 52, 67, 88, 108, 49-55 151 109 49-54 17


49 108 56 114 49.6 108,109 56.6-8 203 49.8 108 56.8 193,194 49.10 199, 201 57 26 49.14-24 151 57.3-13 187 49.21 152 57.12 142 49.22-26 109 57.17 199,201,202 49.22-23 109 57.19 128 49.22 109, 142 58 7 49.23 108 58.1 192 49.24 100 58.4 199 49.25 100, 101, 108 58.14 45 49.26 108 59 108 50 108 59.1 108,109, 142 50.6 199,201 59.4 152,156 51 108 59.6 142 51.1 129 59.8 140 51.3 109 59.9-20 138 51.4-5 109 59.9 108 51.5 108, 109 59.11 108 51.6 108 59.14 140 51.8 108 59.16 108 51.12-52.10 151 59.17 108 51.17 109, 142 59.20 109 51.22 142 60 127, 128, 134, 52 87, 88, 117 166 52.1 88 60.1-22 109, 175 52.7-10 87, 88, 89, 92, 93 60.1 109 52.7 40, 86,88,91,92 60.8 57 52.8 87, 88 60.9 108 52.9 87, 88 60.10-12 128 52.10 87, 88 60.10 199,201,202 52.11 88 60.12 127 52.13 201 60.16 108 53 146 60.17 127 53.4 199, 201 60.18 108, 125, 128 53.6 202 60.20-64.4 109 54 150,151, 152, 60.21 128, 142

155,158, 159, 166 61.8 58 54.1-6 150 61.10-11 125 54.1 150,152 62.10 125 54.2 150 62,11-63.6 137 54.3 150, 151, 159 63.7-64.11 136, 137,138 54.5 150 63.15 142 54.9-10 64 63.19 143 54.9 57, 63 64 108 54.10 57, 63 64.1 142 54.14 151 64.2 108 54.17 151, 155 64.4 108 55.3-5 91 64.5 154 55.3 58, 66 64.9 109 56-66 9,36 64.10 109

242

65-66 65.1-7 65.2 65.18-21 66 66.2 66.3 66.5-24 66.5 66.6-16 66.6 66.7-11 66.7-9

66.7 66.8 66.14 66.15-16 66.15 66.16 66.17 66.18-24 66.18-21 66.19 66.20 66.21

Jeremiah 4.5 4.19 4.21 6.1 6.1 lb -12 6.17 6.21 8.2 8.3 8.17 8.23 9.1 9.15 10 10.10 12.1-4 13.24 16.15 18.17 19.13 21.5

23.1 23.2 23.3

II. Old Testament

154 23.8 192 187 24 192 112 24.9 192 175 25.11 7 152-156, 159, 166 25.12 7 155 27.10 192 199 27.15 192 154 29.14 192 152, 154, 155 29.18 192 152 30.11 58 152 30.17 192 154 32.37 192 152, 153, 155, 32.40 58 156, 159 33.22 75 152 40.12 192 152 43.5 192 142,152,155,203 46.28 192 152 47.6 163 155,159 48 37 ,54 ,55 ,63 , 155,159 111,112 154 48.1-13 55 154 48.10 163 193 48.14-16 65 193 48.15 76 194 48.16 54 193 48.29 113

48.40 55 48.43-44a 22, 53, 74

191 48.43 41 ,54 ,55 ,68 191 49.5 192 191 49.36 192 191 50.5 58 42 50.17 192 191 42 Lamentations 76 1 114 192 1.1 189 145 1.10 112,113,114, 172 116 172 1.17 112 58 3.47 53 88 76 Ezekiel 139 4.13 192 58 6.4 186 192 6.6 186 58,184 9 114,161 76 9.4 155 173 9.6-15 136 58 10.3 155 58,192 11.16 58 192 12.15 58


16.60 58 5.8 191 17.10 184 6 148 19.12 184 8.1 44, 191 20 87 8.12 44 20.23 58 11.11 193 20.33 86, 87,92 12.2 184 24.9-11 92 13-14 158 22.15 58 13.3 57, 156 25 112 13.4 157 25-32 67 13.4-14.10 2, 17, 157 25.8-11 55 13.13 157 26.33-38 86 13.14 17,157 27.26 184 13.15 157, 184 28.7 99 14.5 148 29.12 58 14.6-8 157 30.13 113 14.6 17, 157 30.23 58 14.9 157 30.26 58 14.10 157,158 31.12 99 32.10 163 Joel 33.3 191 2.1 191 33.4 191 2.15 191 33.5 191 3 112 34.4 192 3.11 75 34.16 192 4.11 75 34.21 58 36.19 58 Arnos 37 148 1-2 67 37.26 58 2 112

2.1-3 56 Daniel 2.1-3 111 5.1 83 2.15 191 8.10-12 75 3.10 140 9.2 7 3.6 191 9.7 192 5 37,56 12.2 17,28,35, 147 5.1 56

5.2 68,74, If Hosea 166 4 37,43,44,45,46,

49, 69, 158 Jonah 4.1-10 42,43,45 4.8 184 4.1-2 43 4.1 45 Micah 4.2 43,45 1:2 162 4.3 43 1.2-3 162 4.4-6 45 1.3 162, 166 4.5 44 1.5-7 163 4.6b 43,44 2 88 4.9 42,43,45 2.12-13 76 4.10 44 4 86, 89 4.11 44 4.1-3 86 4.14 186 4.6-7 89,90


4.6 4.7 5 5.6

192 86, 90,91,92 86,89 148

1 1.10 2.21-23

151 148 112

Nahum 2 2.1 2.3 2.11 9.36 9.37

Zephaniah 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.12 1.16 2 2.7 2.8-11 2.9 2.10 2.12 3 3.7 3.15 3.19

41,68 40 41 40,41 143 143

76 44 44 44 191 112 44 111 113 113 163 88 44 76 192

Zechariah 1-8 8.12 9.6 9.13-14 9.14 10.10 10.11 12-14 14 14.5 14.9 16-19

Malachi 1 1.2-5 1.14 3.10

148 113 191 191, 192 193 113 35 88, 112 33 76 76

112 76, 112 57

Haggai

III. Apocrypha and Qumran

Sirach IQIsa" 37,73, 100, 108, 131, 50 189 139,148, 170, 182 50.26 188

Author Index

Ahlström, Gosta 54 Albertz, Rainer 146, 147 Allen, Graham 3, 10, 11,12 Anderson Francis 56, 89 Anderson, B. W. 165 Anderson, G. W. 21,30 Bakhtin, Mikhail 10 Baltzer, Klaus 87 Barthes, Roland 3, 11,19 Beal, Timothy K. 10, 15 Beek, Martinus A. 33 Beglich, Joachim 96, 97 Beglich, Joachim 96,97 Ben-Porat, Ziva 14, 52, 55 Beuken, W. A. M. 14, 67, 145-148 Biddle, Mark E. 2, 7, 25,26 Birkeland, H 147 Blenkinsopp, J 2, 7, 27,29,31,35,

38, 39, 45, 46, 47, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 73, 81, 87, 88, 90, 94, 97, 99, 102, 107, 108, 111, 115, 121-123, 125, 130, 135, 142-146, 155, 160, 161, 164, 165, 170, 171, 173, 177, 181-183, 185, 188-200

Bloom, Harold 12, 15 Bosman, H. J. 30,31 Bosshard-Nepustil, 15, 80

Erich Carroll, Robert P. 53, 176 Cheyne, T. K. 2, 165 Childs, Brevard S. 38,45, 77, 78, 130,

161, 175 Clayton, Jay 3, 12,16 Clements, R. 24, 27, 54, 65, 70, 73,

78, 102, 121, 123, 125, 128, 129, 131, 132, 135, 138, 144, 145, 146, 148, 161,

170, 172, 174, 176, 184, 190, 191, 194

Collins, John J. 100 Collins, Terence 2 Conrad 73 Cross, F. M. 35 Daiches, S. 169 Darr, K. Pfisterer 153 Davies, Philip 9 Day, John 2, 17, 148, 157, 164,

165, 184 De Vries, S. J. 164 Delcor, M. 82 Doyle, Brian 20, 22, 23,47, 121,

122, 128, 129, 149, 163, 170, 171, 173, 176

Draisma, Spike 14, 144 Driver, G. R. 2, 73, 172, 176 Driver, Samuel R. 35 Duhm, B 1, 24, 26, 27,28, 29,

32, 35, 36, 50, 54, 64, 70, 72, 94, 107, 120, 121, 125, 135, 144-146, 159, 165, 168, 170, 174, 180, 182, 183, 185, 189, 190, 192

Eissfeldt, Otto 1,23,24, 32, 110 Elder, W. H. 108, 122 Emerton, J. A. 99, 106, 144, 164 Fewell, D. N. 15 Fishbane, M 7, 9, 16, 17, 111, 114,

177 Fohrer, G 1,26,27, 29,37,94,

108, 122,123, 125, 135, 170, 175

Foucalt, Michel 19 Fouts, D. M. 145 Freedman, D. N. 56, 89 Fritz, Volkmer 186 Genette, Gérard 3, 6, 11

246 Author Index

Gennup, A. van 79 180, 183, 185, 190, Gesenius, W. 47 196 Gilse, Jacob van 32 Kaufmann, Yehezkiel 60 Godard, Barbara 3 Kessler, W. 23, 135, 170, 176, Gogel, S. L. 160 188, 189 Gratz, Heinrich 33 Rissane, E. J. 145, 189, 191 Gray, G. B. 24,25, 50, 53, 54, 64, Kooij, A van der 20

106, 120, 135, 143 Kraus, H.-J. 88 Grol, Harm W. M. 30,31, 188, 189, 198 Kristeva, Julia 3 ,10 ,11 ,12 ,13 ,17 ,

van 19, 20 Gunkel, Herman 28, 63, 85, 96, 97, LaCapara, Dominick 3,19

123,136 Lagrange, M.-J. 24 Habets, G. N. W. 24, 25, 122, 125, 135, Lau, Wolfgang 9

145, 161, 176 Leene, Hendrick 171, 181-185, 198 Hanson, P 22, 138 Levenson, Jon D. 63, 68, 76,81,164-Harris, W. V. 3 165 Hayes, John H. 2,33 Lévi-Strauss, C. 11 Hays, R. 17, 18 Liebmann, E. 2, 136 Helfmeyer, F. J. 146 Lindblom, J. 1,21,26,27,28,29, Henry, M.-L. 1,21,26,30,33,88, 31,33, 37,47,72,74,

121, 122, 135, 160 81, 94, 108, 120, 125, Hibbard, J. Todd 181 128, 135, 136, 144, Hillers, Delbert R. 77 68, 170, 171, 176, Hollander, John 13,52 181, 184-186, 190 Hopfe, Lewis 165 Lohmann, P. 1,94,108, 120, 122, Hylmo, Gunnar 28, 29, 74 123, 125,128, 129, Irvine, Stuart 2 131, 135, 180 Irvine, Stuart 2 Ludwig, O. 2,23,121, 122, 125, Irwin, W. H. 128, 129, 131, 145, 129

146 Macintosh, A. A. 50 Jacob, E. 173,176 March, Wallace E. 1,30,38, 122, 123, Jenner, K. D. 191,192 125, 167 Johnson, D. G. 1,2, 20, 23,24, 29, McCarter, P. Kyle 83

31,33,35,37,38,39, Milgrom, Jacob 60 43, 44, 48, 49, 56, 57, Millar, W. R. 1,2, 22, 27, 29,31, 66-68,71,72,81,82, 35, 37, 55, 73, 75, 76, 94, 108, 111, 121- 78, 80-82, 84, 94, 123, 126, 135, 136, 102, 111, 120, 126, 138, 141, 143-146, 128, 136, 146 148, 152, 153, 155, Miner, Earl 13 160, 161, 163, 168- Miscall, Peter D. 15, 16 170, 176, 180, 181, Morgan, Thais 3 184, 185, 188, 189, Mowinckel, S. 84, 85 191,203 Mulder, E. S. 23,24, 110

Jones, Brian C. 113 Niditch, Susan 8 Kaiser, 0 . 1,24,25,35,36,38, Nogalski, J. D. 4, 17

42, 43, 46, 47, 50, 54, Noth, M 77,78 58, 64, 70, 71, 77, 81, Oswalt, John N. 33, 76, 93, 95, 97, 111, 121, 132, 135, 121, 128, 136, 143 136, 140, 143-148, Otzen, B. 21,30 160, 161, 162, 173, Pardee, D. 164

Perii, Carmela 13

Author Index 247

Petersen, D. L. 9 Shils, Edward 8, 16 Plöger, 0 . 1,24, 25,27, 34,35, Sievers, Eduard 108

37,43, 72, 91, 107, Smend, R. 1, 24, 44 108, 110, 122, 123, Smith, Mark S. 164 124, 132, 138, 143, Sommer, B. 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 16, 52, 145, 160, 175 55

Polaski, Donald C. 2, 3, 7, 9, 19,20,24, Stansell, Gary 89 25,38,40,41,45,47, Steck, Odil Hannes 154 48, 57, 58, 65, 66, 67, Sweeney, M. A. 1,2,22,23, 37, 39, 73-77, 79, 82-84, 99, 47, 48, 49, 50,51,52, 108, 111, 112, 114, 54, 56, 70, 71, 73, 74, 115, 121, 123, 126- 80,81,94,99, 102-128, 130, 131, 133, 104, 111, 115, 116, 137, 139-141, 145, 121, 123, 129, 133-148, 150, 153, 155, 135, 141, 144, 145, 158, 160, 161, 162- 160, 168-170, 175, 163, 171, 172, 176- 176, 181-184, 189, 178, 183, 184, 187, 190, 194-196, 198, 190, 191, 194, 195, 203, 204 203,206 Turner, Victor 79

Procksch, 0 24, 27, 72, 108, 120, Van Seters, John 61 125, 128, 145, 146, Vermeylen, J. 2, 7,21,31,34, 58, 159, 168, 186, 190 59, 64, 70, 94, 99,

Rad, G. von 61,67, 99 101, 104,111, 115, Redditt, P. L. 1,2, 23, 125, 171, 125, 129,130-136,

183 138, 143, 145, 146, Riffaterre, Michael 3,11 148, 160, 161, 170, Ringgren, H. 1,29 188, 194, 195, 204 Robertson, E. 171, 172,174 Voelz, James 14 Rothstein, Eric 3, 12,16 Vorster, William 14 Rothstein, Eric 3, 12, 16 Wanke, G. 95 Rudolph, W. 1,21,33,34,48,64, Watson, W. G. E. 30

94, 108, 122, 125, Welten, P. 75, 78, 79, 92 137, 143, 168, 175, Westermann, Claus 28, 127, 152 176,180,183, 189 Wieringen, A.L.H.M. 141, 144,159

Running, L. G. 146 van Sawyer, J. F. A. 147 Wilderberger, H. 1,2,24, 25,31,38, Schmidt, Werner 60 39, 42, 45, 45, 47, 50, Schökel, L. A. 97 51,53,54,58,65, 67, Scholl, Reinhard 1,2, 22,44,46,47, 72, 73, 78, 81, 88, 90,

48, 54, 67, 78, 97, 92, 93, 94, 99, 101, 101, 102, 106, 115, 102, 111, 115, 121, 128-140, 147, 150, 123, 128, 136, 137, 159, 154, 160, 161, 139, 140, 142-144, 162, 163, 165, 170, 146, 148, 160, 161, 173, 175, 176, 181, 162, 168, 170, 172, 183-185, 189,194, 173-175, 181, 183, 204 188, 190, 192, 196,

Schramm, Brooks 138 204 Schultz, R. 6, 17 Willey, P. T. 6, 17, 55 Seeligman, I. L. 50 Williamson, H. G. M 30, 67, 91, 130 Seitz, C. 58, 161 Willis, T. M. 78

248 Author Index

Wolde, Ellen van. 14 Zapff, Burkard Yee, Gale 158 Zyl, Ailti van

Forschungen zum Alten Testament Edited by Bernd Janowski, Mark S. Smith

and Hermann Spieckermann

Alphabetical Index

Barthel, Jörg: Prophetenwort und Geschichte. 1997. Volume 19. - : see Hermisson, Hans-Jürgen. Basson, Alec: Divine Metaphors in Selected Hebrew Psalms of Lamentation. 2006.

Volume 11/15. Baumann, Gerlinde: Die Weisheitsgestalt in Proverbien 1-9. 1996. Volume 16. Bodendorfer, Gerhard und Matthias Miliard (Hrsg.): Bibel und Midrasch. Unter Mitarbeit

von B. Kagerer. 1998. Volume 22. Chapman, Stephen B.: The Law and the Prophets. 2000. Volume 27. Diße, Andreas: see Groß, Walter. Ego, Beate: see Janowski, Bernd. Ehrlich, CarlS./White, Marsha C. (Ed.): Saul in Story and Tradition. 2006. Volume 47. Emmendörffer, Michael: Der ferne Gott. 1997. Volume 21. Finlay, Timothy D.: The Birth Report Genre in the Hebrew Bible. 2005. Volume 11/12. Finsterbusch, Karin: Weisung für Israel. 2005. Volume 44. Frevel, Christian (Ed.): Medien im antiken Palästina. 2005. Volume 11/10. Groß, Walter: Die Satzteilfolge im Verbalsatz alttestamentlicher Prosa. Unter Mitarbeit von A.

Diße und A. Michel. 1996. Volume 17. Hanhart, Robert: Studien zur Septuaginta und zum hellenistischen Judentum. 1999.

Volume 24. Hardmeier, Christof: Erzähldiskurs und Redepragmatik im Alten Testament. 2005.

Volume 46. Hausmann, Jutta: Studien zum Menschenbild der älteren Weisheit (Spr lOff). 1995.

Volume 7. Hermisson, Hans-Jürgen: Studien zu Prophetie und Weisheit. Hrsg. von J. Barthel, H. Jauss

und K. Koenen 1998. Volume 23. Hibbard, J. Todd: Intertextuality in Isaiah 24-27. 2006. Volume II/16. Huwyler, Beat: Jeremia und die Völker. 1997. Volume 20. Janowski, Bernd und Ego, Beate (Hrsg.): Das biblische Weltbild und seine altorientalischen

Kontexte. 2001. Volume 32. Janowski, Bernd und Stuhlmacher, Peter (Hrsg.): Der Leidende Gottesknecht. 1996.

Volume 14. Jauss, Hannelore: see Hermisson, Hans-Jürgen. Jeremias, Jörg: Hosea und Arnos. 1996. Volume 13. Kagerer, Bernhard: see Bodendorfer, Gerhard. Kakkanattu, Joy Philip: God's Enduring Love in the Book of Hosea. 2006. Volume 2/14. Kiuchi, Nobuyoshi: A Study of Hata' and Hatta't in Leviticus 4-5. 2003. Volume 11/2. Knierim, RolfP.: Text and Concept in Leviticus 1:1-9. 1992. Volume 2. Köckert, Matthias: Leben in Gottes Gegenwart. 2004. Volume 43. Köhlmoos, Melanie: Das Auge Gottes. 1999. Volume 25. - : Bet-El - Erinnerungen an eine Stadt. 2006. Volume 49. Koenen, Klaus: see Hermisson, Hans-Jürgen. Körting, Corinna: Zion in den Psalmen. 2006. Volume 48. Kratz, Reinhard Gregor: Kyros im Deuterojesaja-Buch. 1991. Volume 1.

Forschungen zum Alten Testament

- : Das Judentum im Zeitalter des Zweiten Tempels. 2004. Volume 42. Lange, Armin: Vom prophetischen Wort zur prophetischen Tradition. 2002. Volume 34. Liess, Kathrin: Der Weg des Lebens. 2004. Volume 11/5. MacDonald, Nathan: Deuteronomy and the Meaning of „Monotheism". 2003. Volume II/1. Marttila, Marko: Collective Reinterpretation in the Psalms. 2006. Volume 11/13. Michel, Andreas: Gott und Gewalt gegen Kinder im Alten Testament. 2003. Volume 37. - : see Groß, Walter. Miliard, Matthias: Die Komposition des Psalters. 1994. Volume 9.

see Bodendorfer, Gerhard. Miller, Patrick D.: The Way of the Lord. 2004. Volume 39. Müller, Reinhard: Königtum und Gottesherrschaft. 2004. Volume II/3. Niemann, Hermann Michael: Herrschaft, Königtum und Staat. 1993. Volume 6. Otto, Eckart: Das Deuteronomium im Pentateuch und Hexateuch. 2001. Volume 30. Perlitt, Lothar: Deuteronomium-Studien. 1994. Volume 8. Podella, Thomas: Das Lichtkleid JHWHs. 1996. Volume 15. Pola, Thomas: Das Priestertum bei Sacharja. 2003. Volume 35. Rösel, Martin: Adonaj - Warum Gott 'Herr' genannt wird. 2000. Volume 29. Ruwe, Andreas: „Heiligkeitsgesetz" und „Priesterschrift". 1999. Volume 26. Sals, Ulrike: Die Biographie der „Hure Babylon". 2004. Volume 11/6. Schaper, Joachim: Priester und Leviten im achämenidischen Juda. 2000. Volume 31. Schenker, Adrian (Hrsg.): Studien zu Opfer und Kult im Alten Testament. 1992. Volume 3. Schmidt, Brian B.: Israel's Beneficent Dead. 1994. Volume 11. Schöpflin, Karin: Theologie als Biographie im Ezechielbuch. 2002. Volume 36. Seeligmann, Isac Leo: The Septuagint Version of Isaiah and Cognate Studies. Edited by

Robert Hanhart and Hermann Spieckermann. 2004. Volume 40. Gesammelte Studien zur Hebräischen Bibel. Herausgegeben von Erhard Blum mit einem Beitrag von Rudolf Smend. 2004. Volume 41.

Spieckermann, Hermann: Gottes Liebe zu Israel. Volume 33. Steck, Odil Hannes: Gottesknecht und Zion. 1992. Volume 4. Stuhlmacher, Peter: see Janowski, Bernd. Süssenbach, Claudia: Der elohistische Psalter. 2005. Volume II/7. Sweeney, Marvin A.: Form and Intertextuality in Prophetic and Apocalyptic Literature. 2005.

Volume 45. Vos, Christiane de: Klage als Gotteslob aus der Tiefe. 2005. Volume 11/11. Weber, Cornelia: Altes Testament und völkische Frage. 2000. Volume 28. Weippert, Manfred: Jahwe und die anderen Götter. 1997. Volume 18. Weyde, Karl William: The Appointed Festivals ofYHWH. 2004. Volume II/4. White, Marsha C.: see Ehrlich, Carl S. Widmer, Michael: Moses, God, and the Dynamics of Intercessory Prayer. 2004. Band II/8. Willi, Thomas: Juda - Jehud - Israel. 1995. Volume 12. Williamson, Hugh: Studies in Persian Period History and Historiography. 2004. Volume 38. Wilson, Kevin A.: The Campaign of Pharaoh Shoshenq I into Palestine. 2005. Volume II/9. Young, Ian: Diversity in Pre-Exilic Hebrew. 1993. Volume 5. Zwickel, Wolfgang: Der Tempelkult in Kanaan und Israel. 1994. Volume 10.

For a complete catalogue please write to the publisher Mohr Siebeck • P.O. Box 2030 • D-72010 Tiibingen/Germany

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CoverTitel PrefaceContentsChapter 1. Introduction1. Prolegomena and Method2. Intertextuality: What Is It and Who Does It?

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Forschungen zum Alten Testament 16 - Mohr Siebeck€¦ · TODD HIBBARD, born 1968; studied Theology...

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