Forgein Bodies Ppd

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WORK SHOP ON

PEDIATRICEMERGENCIES


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INTRODUCTIONForeign bodies refer to any object that is placed in the

ear, nose, or mouth that is not meant to be there andcould cause harm.

common among children. Nearly 111,000 ingestions of

foreign bodies by people aged 19 years and younger were reported to American Poison Control Centers in2005.

International Impaction of swallowed fish bones is more commonly

observed in countries where fish is a major dietarystaple.


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CAUSES/RISK FACTORSMortality and morbidity

Most foreign bodies pass harmlessly through the GI tractand are eliminated in the stool.

Systemic reactions, such as from nickel allergy

Migration into the aorta may produce anaortoenteric fistula, a horrific complication with ahigh mortality rate.

SexThe male-to-female ratio in young children is 1:1.

AgeHowever, incidence is greatest in children aged 6 month


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FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE

Small items stuck to thewhite of the eye can bevery irritating but areusually easy to remove.

Signs and symptoms of a

foreign body in the eye Irritation and pain Watering and red eye

Blurred vision
http://www.best-home-remedies.com/first-aid/foreign-bodies.htmlhttp://www.best-home-remedies.com/first-aid/foreign-bodies.html


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FIRST AID TREATMENT

Sit the person down facing the lightso that you can clearly see whatneeds to be removed.

Examine the eye by gentlyseparating the eyelids with your finger and thumb.

If this treatment for up to 30minutes, allowing the person toblink regularly.


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Conti..

If washing does not work and the object is notembedded in the eye, try to remove it with a moist

piece of clean material.

If you remain unable to remove the object take or send the person to hospital.


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Symptoms

Some objects placed in the ear maynot cause symptoms

signs

Pain

Swelling

Discharge (if the object has been therefor some time)

Redness

deafness


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TreatmentThe treatment for foreign bodies in

the ear is prompt removal of theobject by your child's physician

instruments may be inserted inthe ear

magnets are sometimes used if the object is metal

cleaning the ear canal with water

a machine with suction to helppull the object outAfter removal of the object, checkfor complications


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FOREIGN BODIES IN THE NOSE Objects that are put into thechild's nose are usually soft

thing, tissue, clay, and pieces of

toys, erasers. Sometimes, aforeign body may enter thenose while the child is tryingto smell the object.

Children often place objectsin their noses because theyare bored, curious, or copying other children.


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SYMPTOMSSigns Pain Swelling Discharge (if the object has been there for some

time) Breathing difficulties A snoring sound on breathing

Symptoms Foul-smelling or bloody nasal discharge Difficulty breathing through the affected nostril Irritation

Feeling of something in the nose
http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/symptoms/nasal-discharge/overview.htmlhttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/symptoms/breathing-difficulty/overview.htmlhttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/symptoms/breathing-difficulty/overview.htmlhttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/symptoms/nasal-discharge/overview.html


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First aid First Aid

Do not probe the nose with cotton swabs or other tools. Doingso may push the object further into the nose.

Have the victim breathe through the mouth. He or she should

avoid breathing in sharply (which may force the object infurther).

Once it is determined which nostril is affected, gently press theother nostril closed and have the victim blow gently through the

affected nostril. If this method fails, get medical help.

Sit the child down, and reassure him. Encourage the child tobreathe through his mouth rather than his nose.


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TREATMENT

Treatment of a foreign body in the noseinvolves prompt removal of the object by your child's physician.

Sedating the child is sometimes necessary inorder to remove the object successfully.

suction machines with tubes attached instruments may be inserted in the ear After removal of the object, prescribe nose drops or antibiotic ointments to

treat any possible infections.


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FOREIGN BODIES IN AIR WAY

As with other foreign body problems,children tend to put things into their mouths when they are bored or curious.

The child may then inhale deeply andthe object may become lodged in the"airway" tube (trachea)

Children between the ages of 7 monthsand 4 years are in the greatest danger of choking on small objects, including,

seeds toy parts grapes hot dogs pebbles nuts


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SYMPTOMS Foreign body ingestion requires immediate medical

attention. choking or gagging when the object is first inhaled coughing at first wheezing

the foreign body may still be obstructing the airway. : stridor cough that gets worse child is unable to speak

pain in the throat area or chest hoarse voice blueness around the lips not breathing

the child may become unconscious


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Esophageal foreign bodies

Dysphasia

Food refusal, weight loss

Drooling ,Emesis/hematemesis

Foreign body sensation

Chest pain, sore throat Strider, cough Unexplained fever Altered mental status

Stomach/lower GI tract foreign bodies

Abdominal distention/pain, vomiting Hematochezia

Unexplained fever


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TREATMENT


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TREATMENT

Treatment of the problem varies with the degree of airwayblockage.

If the object is completely blocking the airway, the child will beunable to breath or talk and his/her lips will become blue.

This is a medical emergency and you should seek emergencymedical care.

Sometimes, surgery is necessary

Children that are still talking and breathing but show other symptoms also need to be evaluated by a physician

immediately.


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diagnosisHistory Children commonly come to medical attention with witness of

caregiver

Alternatively, the child may present because of signs or symptoms of a complication of ingestion.

Occasionally, the caregiver discovers a foreign body that haspassed in the stool and brings the child in for evaluation.

Children with significant complications of foreign body ingestionmay be initially asymptomatic.

Children may have vague symptoms that do not immediatelysuggest foreign body ingestion.


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physical Specific physical examination findings are unusual.

Physical findings may suggest complications of foreignbody migration, such as peritoneal irritation or rales.

Abrasions, streaks of blood, or edema in thehypo pharynx may be evidence of proximal

swallowing-related trauma.

Inspection of the oropharynx may occasionally revealan impacted foreign body.

.


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prevention

Keep small objects out of the reach of infants and toddlers.

Discourage your child from putting foreignobjects into body openings.


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Thank you

Forgein Bodies Ppd

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