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Food Security in the ASEAN

RegionRosa S. Rolle, Ph.D

Senior Agro-Industries and Post-

harvest OfficerFAO Regional Office for Asia and thePacific

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FOOD SECURITY

Food security existswhen all people at

all times havephysical andeconomic access tosafe and nutritious

food for a healthyand active life(FAO, 1996). Source: FAO (1995) Dimensions of need-An Atlas of Food and Agriculture

Ingredients of Food Security

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Dimensions of Food Security

Availability Sufficient quantity of food nationally, from domestic

production, net imports and other sources

Access People have adequate resources to obtain foodAffordability of the food supply

Utilization Use of food through diet, clean water, sanitation and health to attain

nutritional well being.

Stability Low risk of losing access to food as a consequence of shocks

(economic or climatic risks) or cyclical events

Refers to both access and availability.

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The Asia-Pacific Context Asia and the Pacific region

recorded the highest economicgrowth among all regions

across the globe over the pastdecade.

Asia and the Pacific Region

also recorded the highestnumber of the worldschronically hungry populationin 2012 536 million people or

62 % of the undernourished.

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Great Strides Have Been Made in SEA Toward

Reducing Undernourishment During the Period

1990- 2012

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1990 - 92 1999 -

2001

2004 -

2006

2007 -

2009

2010 -

2012

29.6%

20 %

15.8 %

13.2 %

10.9 %

Num

berofUndern

ourished

(millions)

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Rapid Income Growth Has Supported

Growth in Per Capita Food Consumption

Across Asian Countries

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Dietary Change Supported by Income Growth is

Taking Place Across ASEAN Countries

01

2

3

4

5

6

7

1995-1997

2000 - 2002

2005 - 2007

%o

fTotalEnergySupply

Source: Selected Indicators , FAO - RAP 2011

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The Contribution of Cereals and Starchy Roots to

Caloric Intake in Diets is Declining is Declining

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

1995-1997 2000 - 2002 2005 - 2007

Pulses

Starch roots

Cereals

Kilocalories

(%)

Source: Selected Indicators , FAO - RAP 2011

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The Region is Rapidly Urbanizing

0

10

20

30

40

50

ASEANAsia-Pacific

42.4 43.1

1990

2011

Urba

nPopulation(%)

31.6

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Urban Poverty in ASEAN is Increasing

%

URBAN

POOR

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Urban Slum Population - Countries in Asia

and the Pacific, 2005

Source : UNESCAP

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Food Availability in the Region

Since 1975, the

regions agriculturehas supplied enoughfood to satisfydemand and reduce

food insecurity.

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A Number of Factors Threaten the

Regions Food Supply

Slowing growth in agricultural production

Declining land and water resources

High Levels of food losses and growing problem of

food waste Climate change

Bio-energy production

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Underlying Causes of ProductivityDecline

Deterioration of soil and water Soil degradation

Pest build up

Limited expenditure on R& D for upgrading

production systems

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Is there Enough Land For Food Production?

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Are Water Resources Adequate?

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Can Food Be Increased from A Fully Exploited

Arable Land Base and Scarcity of Water

Resources?

FAO projections indicate that increasing food productionwould be feasible with an intensification of production.

The projected intensification will carry increasedenvironmental pressure that needs to be addressedthrough improved and more eco-friendly and climate-smart cultivation techniques.

This also necessitates that greater attention be accordedto the development of food crops of high productivitythat can grow well on marginal lands and that cantolerate growth in unique habitats such as fresh waterswamps and saline conditions.

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Table Waste Post-harvest Loss

Post-harvest Lossesare high and foodwaste particularlytable waste - is agrowing problem

across the region

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Underlying Causes of Post-harvest Losses inTraditional Supply Chains

Lack of a market orientation Pest infestations and disease

Poor organization and weak integration of supplychains

Poor/inadequate infrastructure and market facilities

Poor/inadequate bulk packaging

Lack of dedicated transport systems

Limited knowledge base of stakeholdersWeak institutional support for post-harvest sytems

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Climate Change Will Impact

Agriculture and Water Resources

Extracted from Stern 2007

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SEA Countries are Pursuing Biofuel

Production

Indonesia and Malaysia lead in production andexport ofbiodieselfrom palm oil

Thailandproduces ethanol and biodiesel

Philippinesproduces and usesbiodiesel

Viet Nam produces ethanol and biodiesel

Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia producebiodiesel

Source: Bhandhubanyong (2008)

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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

IndonesiaMalaysia

PhilippinesThailand

Viet Nam

2008-2010

2020

(millionlitres)

Projected Growth in Bio-ethanol Production in

ASEAN Countries

Source: Selected Indicators , FAO - RAP 2011

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Feedstocks for Biofuel Production

Palm, coconut and jathropa and oil palm forbiodiesel production

Cassava, sugar cane, and maize for ethanolproduction.

Without appropriate policies, production offeedstock for biofuels will increasinglycompete with food production and water use.

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Recommended Measures to Mitigate Food

Security Threats

Investments are required to support basic researchinto agricultural production and to upgrade

technical capacities and the institutional andinfrastructural support base to support post-harvestloss reduction.

Investments are required to deal with the threatposed by climate change

Focus on technologies that reduce carbon emmissionsand mitigate the environmental impact of agriculture

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Recommended Measures to Mitigate

the Food Security Threats

Innovative food security policies that supportthe integration of bio-energy crop production

with food production are, critical to achievingfood and energy security simultaneously.

Awareness must be raised at all level as to theimpacts and implications of food losses and foodwaste on food security.

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Thank you

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