Foliar Fertlizers and Nutrient Diagnosis in Cotton Crop
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Transcript of Foliar Fertlizers and Nutrient Diagnosis in Cotton Crop
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MICRONUTRIENTS & ITS BENEFITS
Syed Saeed Ur Rehman ShahRgional Business ManagerFarmers Equity Pakistan Pvt. Ltd.
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ESSENTIAL PLANT NUTRIENTS
Macronutrients Required in relatively large amounts.
Micronutrients Required in small amounts. Minor or trace elements.
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MACRONUTRIENTS
Fall into one of three categories: Non-Mineral Elements Primary Nutrients Secondary Nutrients
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NON-MINERAL ELEMENTS
(C) Carbon (H) Hydrogen (O) Oxygen
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PRIMARY NUTRIENTS
(N) Nitrogen (P) Phosphorus (K) Potassium
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SECONDARY NUTRIENTS
(Ca) Calcium (Mg) Magnesium (S) Sulfur
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MACRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrients are needed in relatively large amounts by plants.
Element Symbol Source
Oxygen O Air/Water
Hydrogen H Air/Water
Carbon C Air/Water
Nitrogen N Soil
Phosphorus P Soil
Sulfur S Soil
Potassium K Soil
Calcium Ca Soil
Magnesium Mg Soil
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MICRONUTRIENTS
(Fe) Iron (Cu) Copper (Zn) Zinc (B) Boron
(Mo) Molybdenum (Mn) Manganese (Cl) Chlorine
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MICRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrients are needed in relatively small amounts by plants.
They are usually supplied by fertilizers.
Element Symbol Source
Iron Fe Soil
Manganese Mn Soil
Boron B Soil
Molybdenum Mo Soil
Copper Cu Soil
Zinc Zn Soil
Chlorine Cl Soil
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WHY FOLIAR NUTRITION NOW !
Large Yields
Higher Populatio
ns
Marginal Soils
High rate of
fertilizers
Crop intensity
& rotationGenetics
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Function & Deficiency
Symptoms of Nutrients
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Several factors can affect occurrence of deficiency symptoms Soil test level also consider texture, CEC, OM, pH, etc. Soil conditions, e.g., temperature compaction moisture Salinity
Tillage practicesRoot pruning Nutrient interactionsP-Zn
Herbicide, disease, or insect damage
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Nutrient Mobility in the PlantTranslocated Symptoms appear in older leaves
firstnitrogenphosphorouspotassiumMagnesiumNot translocated
Symptoms appear in younger leaves
firstsulfurcalciumboron, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chloride
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WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPSWHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Nitrogen (N)
Potassium (K)
Phosphorus (P)
Soil (lb/a)*
400 – 8,000
800 - 60,000
400 – 10,000
Crop (lb/a)**
80
40
12
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SECONDARY NUTRIENTS NEEDEDBY ALL CROPSSECONDARY NUTRIENTS NEEDEDBY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Calcium
Magnesium
Sulfur
Soil (lb/a)*
14,000 – 1,000,000
1,200 - 12,000
60 – 20,000
Crop (lb/a)**
16
8
6
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WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPSWHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Nitrogen (N)
Potassium (K)
Phosphorus (P)
Soil (lb/a)*
400 – 8,000
800 - 60,000
400 – 10,000
Crop (lb/a)**
80
40
12
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MICRONUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPSMICRONUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Iron
Manganese
Copper
Zinc
Boron
Chlorine
Molybdenum
Soil (lb/a)*14,000 – 1,100,000
40 – 6,000
4 - 200
20 - 600
4 - 200
40 – 1,800
0.4 - 10
Crop (lb/a)**
1
0.8
0.08
0.6
0.08
4
0.0008
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Cotton
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Make a Preliminary Diagnosis
• Discoloration
• Nutrient deficiencies
• Diseases
• Herbicide or salt injury
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N management of cotton Uptake may reach 1-2 Kg/A/day during mid boll fill
Approximately 20% of seasonal needs should be supplied pre-bloom
Supply remainder of N should be supplied during boll development period
Soil N should be depleted as bolls begin to open to avoid delayed maturity
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N deficient cotton Early and mid seasonYellowish-green leaf color and small young leavesStunted plantsShortened fruiting branchesMany bolls shed in the first 10-12 days after flowering Late seasonReddening in the middle of the canopyReduced boll retention at late fruiting positionsShorter flowering period, accelerated leaf senescence, and early cut-out
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FUNCTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS IN COTTON PRODUCTION
Promotes early boll development and hastens maturity
Essential for vigorous root and shoot growth
Helps overcome the effects of compaction
Increases water use efficiency A 2 bale crop can take up more than 50
lb P2O5/A
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P DEFICIENT COTTON SYMPTOMS ARE NOT DISTINCT IN COTTON,
Stunting Dark leaves Flowering delayed Poor boll retention Premature leaf senescence
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POTASSIUM IN COTTON PRODUCTION
Bolls are major sinks for K, uptake may peak at as much as 1-2 Kg K2O/A/day during boll development.
About 70% of total uptake occurs after first bloom.
Affects quality (micronaire, length, and strength) Increases water use efficiency Reduces the incidence and severity of wilt
diseases A 2 bale crop will take-up about 80Kg K2O
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POTASSIUM DEFICIENT COTTON
Potassium deficient cottonAffects older leaves first in early seasono Begins as
scorching of leaf margin
o Affects both yield and quality
Late season affects younger leaves
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FOLIAR K ON COTTON
Response to mid-season foliar K is likely when soil K is low (low soil test level or fixation)
Applications at 2 week intervals should begin at or soon after 1st flower 2 Kg K2O/A per application
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SULFUR DEFICIENT COTTON
Symptoms similar to N but occur on younger leaves in upper canopy first
Leaf veins tend to remain green
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MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
• Interveinal chlorosis in younger leaves • Zn deficiency can result in
leathery, upturned leaves and bronzing
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ZINC DEFICIENCY IN COTTON
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BORON
Deficiency Symptoms Short, thick stems
tips. Young leaves of
terminal buds are light green at base.
Leaves become twisted & die.
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THANK YOU
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Questions ?
NP K
Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn Cu, Zn, B, Mo, I