Fluencia Verbal-Arch Clin Nps-2009

Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): Norms for Verbal Fluency Tests Jordi Pen ˜ a-Casanova a,b, *, Sonia Quin ˜ ones-U ´ beda b , Nina Gramunt-Fombuena b , Marı ´ a Quintana- Aparicio b , Miquel Aguilar c , Dolors Badenes c , Noemı ´ Cerulla c , Jose ´ Luis Molinuevo d , Eva Ruiz d , Alfredo Robles e , Maria Sagrario Barquero f ,† , Carmen Antu ´ nez g , Carlos Martı ´ nez-Parra h , Anna Frank- Garcı ´ a i , Manuel Ferna ´ ndez j , Vero ´ nica Alfonso k , Josep M. Sol k , Rafael Blesa l , for the NEURONORMA Study Team ‡ a Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d’Assiste `ncia Sanita ` ria, Barcelona, Spain b Institut Municipal d’Investigaci o ´ Me `dica, Barcelona, Spain c Service of Neurology, Hospital Mu ´ tua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain d Service of Neurology, Hospital Clı ´ nic, Barcelona, Spain e Service of Neurology, Hospital Clı ´ nico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain f Service of Neurology, Hospital Clı ´ nico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain g Service of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain h Service of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain i Departmen t of Neurolog y, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain j Service of Neurology, Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain k European Biometrics Institute, Barcelona, Spain l Service of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain Accepted 29 June 2009 Abstract Lexical fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to assess language and executive function. As part of the Spanish multicenter normative studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age- and education-adjusted norms for three semantic fluency tasks (animals, fruit and vegetables, and kitchen tools), three formal lexical tasks (words beginning with P, M, and R), and three excluded letter fluency tasks (excluded A, E, and S). The sample consists of 346 participants who are cognitively normal, community dwelling, and ranging in age from 50 to 94 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education-adjusted scaled scores by applying regression-based adjustments. The current norms should provide clinically useful data for evaluat- ing elderly Spanish people. These data may also be of considerable use for comparisons with other international normative studies. Finally, these norms should help impro ve the interp reta tion of verba l fluenc y tasks and allow for grea ter diagnostic accur acy. Keywords: Language tests; Vocabulary; Age factors; Demography; Educational status; Reference values Introduction The acquisition of normative data from the most widely used neuropsychological tests is one of the major objectives of the Spanish multicenter normative studies (NEURONORMA project). The characteristics of this study have been recently * Corresponding author at: Institut Municipal d’Investigacio ´ Me ` dica, Biomedical Research Park Building, Carrer Dr Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Tel.: þ34-93316 0765; fax: þ34-933160723. E-mail address : [email protected] (J. Pen ˜ a-Casanova). † Deceased. ‡ The members of the NEURONORMA.ES Study Team are listed in the Appendix. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 24 (2009) 395–411 # The Author 2009. Publis hed by Oxford Universit y Press. All rights reserved. For permissi ons, please e-mail: journals.permi ssions@oxfordj ournals .org. doi:10. 1093/ar clin/a cp042 Advance Ac cess public ation on 1 August 2009

Fluencia Verbal-Arch Clin Nps-2009

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