Floating Production Storage and Offloading - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

FPSO Mystras at work off the shoreof Nigeria

FPSO Crystal Ocean moored at thePort of Melbourne

The circular FPSO Sevan Voyageurmoored at Nymo yard at Eydehavn,Norway.

Floating production storage and offloadingFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) unit is a floating vessel used by theoffshore oil and gas industry for the processing of hydrocarbons and for storage of oil. AnFPSO vessel is designed to receive hydrocarbons produced from nearby platforms or subseatemplate, process them, and store oil until it can be offloaded onto a tanker or, lessfrequently, transported through a pipeline. FPSOs are preferred in frontier offshore regionsas they are easy to install, and do not require a local pipeline infrastructure to export oil.FPSOs can be a conversion of an oil tanker or can be a vessel built specially for theapplication. A vessel used only to store oil (without processing it) is referred to as a floatingstorage and offloading vessel (FSO).

Contents

1 History2 Mechanisms3 Advantages4 Specific types5 Vessels

5.1 Records5.2 Current FPSOs

6 References7 External links

History

Oil has been produced from offshore locations since the late 1940s. Originally, all oilplatforms sat on the seabed, but as exploration moved to deeper waters and more distantlocations in the 1970s, floating production systems came to be used.

The first oil FPSO was the Shell Castellon, built in Spain in 1977. Today, over 200 vesselsare deployed worldwide as oil FPSOs.

In addition to the significant growth of this market sector, we are witnessing today theprogressive extension of the significant knowledge base of building and operating thesefloating facilities to provide solutions for other segments of the oil and gas industry.

As an example, the Sanha LPG FPSO, which operates offshore Angola, is the first such vessel with complete onboard liquefiedpetroleum gas processing and export facilities. It can store up to 135,000 cubic meters of LPG while awaiting export tankers foroffloading.[1]

Another very promising expansion is the progressive development of the floating LNG (FLNG) market. An LNG FPSO worksunder the same principles an oil FPSO works under, taking the well stream and separating out the natural gas (primarily methaneand ethane) and producing LNG, which is stored and offloaded.

On July 29, 2009, Shell and Samsung announced an agreement to build up to 10 LNG FPSOs:[2]

Flex LNG has four contracts for smaller units at the same yard.[3]

As a very significant and momentous event, on May 20, 2011, Royal Dutch Shell announced the planned development of a FloatingLiquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facility, which will be situated 200 km off the coast of Western Australia and is due for completionin around 2017.[4] When it is finished, this will be the largest floating offshore facility. It will measure around 488m long and 74mwide, and when fully ballasted will weigh 600,000 tonnes.[5] It will have a total storage capacity of 436,000 cubic metres of LNG,plus LPG condensate.

At the opposite (discharge and regasification) end of the LNG chain, the first ever conversion of an LNG carrier (Golar LNG ownedMoss type LNG carrier) into an LNG floating storage and regasification unit was carried out in 2007 by Keppel shipyard inSingapore.[6]

Floating production storage and offloading - Wikipedia, the free encyc... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_production_storage_and_offloading

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FPSO diagram

FPSO Firenze moored at HellenicShipyards, 2007

Mechanisms

Oil produced from offshore production platformscan be transported to the mainland either bypipeline or by tanker. When a tanker is chosen totransport the oil, it is necessary to accumulate oilin some form of storage tank such that the oiltanker is not continuously occupied during oilproduction, and is only needed once sufficient oilhas been produced to fill the tanker. At this pointthe transport tanker connects to the stern of thestorage unit and offloads oil.[citation needed]

Advantages

Floating production, storage and offloadingvessels are particularly effective in remote ordeepwater locations where seabed pipelines arenot cost effective. FPSOs eliminate the need tolay expensive long-distance pipelines from theprocessing facility to an onshore terminal. This can provide an economically attractive solution for smaller oil fields which can beexhausted in a few years and do not justify the expense of installing a pipeline. Furthermore, once the field is depleted, the FPSOcan be moved to a new location.[citation needed]

Specific types

A floating storage and offloading unit (FSO) is essentially a simplified FPSO without the capability for oil or gas processing.Most FSOs are converted single hull supertankers. An example is Knock Nevis, ex Seawise Giant, for many years the world's largestship, which has been converted to an FSO for use offshore Qatar.[citation needed]

At the other end of the LNG logistics chain, where the natural gas is brought back to ambient temperature and pressure, speciallymodified ships may also be used as floating storage and regasification units (FSRUs). A LNG floating storage and regasificationunit receives liquefied natural gas (LNG) from offloading LNG carriers, and the onboard regasification system provides natural gasexported to shore through risers and pipelines.

Mooring systems for FSO, FPSO & FSU units are available in market which allow the vessel to be moored on a ice sheet.[citation needed]

Vessels

Records

The FPSO operating in the deepest waters is the FPSO BW Pioneer, built and operated byBW Offshore on behalf of Petrobras Americas INC. The FPSO is moored at a depth of 2,600m in Block 249 Walker Ridge in the US Gulf of Mexico and is rated for 100,000 bbl/d(16,000 m3/d). The EPCI contract was awarded in October 2007, and production started inearly 2012. The FPSO conversion was carried out at Keppel Shipyard Tuas in Singapore,while the topsides were fabricated in modules at various international vendor locations. TheFPSO has a disconnectable turret (APL). The vessel can disconnect in advance of hurricanesand reconnect with minimal down time.[citation needed]

One of the world's largest FPSO is the Kizomba A, with a storage capacity of 2.2 millionbarrels (350,000 m3). Built at a cost of over US$800 million by Hyundai Heavy Industries inUlsan, Korea, it is operated by Esso Exploration Angola (ExxonMobil). Located in 1200meters (3,940 ft) of water at Deepwater block 200 statute miles (320 km) offshore in theAtlantic Ocean from Angola, Central Africa, it weighs 81,000 tonnes and is 285 meters long, 63 meters wide, and 32 meters high(935 ft by 207 ft (63 m) by 105 ft).[7]

The first FSO in the Gulf of Mexico, The FSO Ta'Kuntah, has been in operation since August 1998. The FSO, owned and operatedby MODEC, is under a service agreement with PEMEX Exploration and Production. The FSO Ta'Kuntah was installed as part ofthe Cantarell Field Development. The field is located in the Bay of Campeche, offshore Mexico's Yucatán peninsula. The FSOTa'Kuntah is a converted ULCC tanker with a SOFEC external turret mooring system, two flexible risers connected in a lazy-S


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configuration between the turret and a pipeline end manifold (PLEM) on the seabed, and a unique offloading system. The FSO isdesigned to handle 800,000 bbl/d (130,000 m3/d) with no allowance for downtime.[8]

One of the world's smallest FPSO is the Crystal Ocean, operating in 137 m of water in the Bass Strait between Australia andTasmania on the Basker Manta Field. It is leased by Roc Oil (Sydney-based international petroleum exploration and productioncompany) from Rubicon Offshore and is operated on their behalf by AGR Asia Pacific; it is currently producing 5,000 bbl/d(790 m3/d).[citation needed]

The FPSO in the shallowest water depth of just 13 m is the Armada Perkasa in the Okoro field in Nigeria, West Africa, for AfrenEnergy. This spread moored (fixed orientation) vessel uses 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm bore DeepFlex non-steel flexible risers ina double lazy wave formation (with weights and distributed buoyancy) to accommodate the large motion offsets in an environmentof extreme waves and currents.[citation needed]

The Skarv FPSO, developed and engineered by Aker Solutions for BP Norge, will be the most advanced and largest FPSOdeployed in the Norwegian Sea, offshore Mid Norway. Skarv is a gas condensate and oil field development. The development willtie in five sub-sea templates, and the FPSO has capacity to include several smaller wells nearby in the future. The process plant onthe vessel can handle about 19,000,000 cubic metres per day (670,000,000 cu ft/d) of gas and 13,500 cubic metres per day(480,000 cu ft/d).[9] An 80 km gas export pipe will tie in to Åsgard transport system. Aker Solutions (formerly Aker Kvaerner)developed the front-end design for the new floating production facility as well as the overall system design for the field andpreparation for procurement and project management of the total field development.[10] The hull is an Aker Solutions proprietary"Tentechtm975" design.[11] BP also selected Aker Solutions to perform the detail engineering, procurement and constructionmanagement assistance (EPcma) for the Skarv field development. The EPcma contract covers detail engineering and procurementwork for the FPSO topsides as well as construction management assistance to BP including hull and topside facilities. Theproduction start for the field is scheduled for August 2011.[12] BP awarded the contract for fabrication of the Skarv FPSO hull toSamsung Heavy Industries in South Korea and the Turret contract to SBM. The FPSO has a length of 292m, breadth of 50.6m andis 29m deep and accommodate 100 people in single cabins. The hull will be delivered in January 2010.[10]

Current FPSOs

Data on operating FPSOs is reported each year in an annual survey.[13]

FPSOVesselName

Oilfield CurrentLocation Field Operator

Newbuildor

Conversion

Startup

year

Vessel Designer

/Operator

Abo FPSO AboGulf ofGuinea,Nigeria

Agip Conversion 2003 Prosafe

Abu FSO Abu ClusterSouth ChinaSea, PeninsularMalaysia

Petronas Carigali Conversion 2005 MISC/FPSOVentures

AgbamiFPSO Nigeria Star Deep Water

Petroleum Newbuild 2008 Chevron

Akpo FPSO AkpoGulf ofGuinea,Nigeria

Total Newbuild 2009 Total

Al ZaafaranaFPSO Warda Gulf of Suez,

Egypt Aker Solutions Conversion 1994 Gemsa PetroleumCo

AnasuriaFPSO

Teal, Teal South,Guillemot A North Sea, UK Shell Newbuild 1996

Anoa Natuna Anoa Field,Natuna Sea Indonesia Premier Oil 1990 Premier Oil,KN,

Natuna Sea BV

Angsi FSO AngsiSouth ChinaSea, PeninsularMalaysia

Talisman Conversion 2005 MISC/FPSOVentures

Aoka Mizu Ettrick North Sea, UK Nexen 2009 Bluewater EnergyServices


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FPSOVesselName


Newbuildor

Conversion

Startup

year

Vessel Designer

/Operator

Arco ArdjunaFSO

Ardjuna OilField

West Java Sea,Indonesia Pertamina Hulu Energy 1973 Pertamina

ArmadaPerkasa Okoro Setu Nigeria Afren/AMNI Conversion 2009 Bumi Armada

Berhad

ArmadaPerdana Oyo Nigeria Allied Energy/Agip 2010 Bumi Armada

Berhad

Åsgard A Åsgard North Sea,Norway Statoil Newbuild 1999

AzuriteFDPSO Azurite

Atlantic,Republic of theCongo

Murphy Oil 2009 Prosafe Production

BaobabIvoirienMV10 FPSO

Baobab Field Côte d'Ivoire CNR InternationalS.A.R.L. 2005 MODEC

Belanak Belanak Field South NatunaSea, Indonesia ConocoPhillips 2004 KBR / J. Ray

McDermott

BergeHelene(OIMAdarshShukla)

ChinguettiNorth AtlanticOcean,Mauretania

Woodside Petroleum 2006[citation needed]

Bleo Holm Ross, Blake,Parry North Sea, UK Talisman Energy 1999[citation needed] Bluewater Energy

Services

Bohai MingZhu FPSO

Penglai19-3,China Bohai, China ConocoPhillips 2003[citation needed] CNOOC

Bonga FPSO BongaGulf ofGuinea,Nigeria

Shell 2005[citation needed] Samsung HeavyIndustries

Brasil FPSO Roncador Campos Basin,Brazil Petrobras 2002[citation needed] SBM Offshore

BungaKertas FPSO

North Lukut &Penara

South ChinaSea, PeninsularMalaysia

Petronas Carigali 2004[citation needed] DPS/FPSOVentures

CapixabaFPSO Golfinho Espírito Santo

Basin, Brazil Petrobras Conversion 2006[citation needed] SBM Offshore

CaptainFPSO Captain North Sea, UK Chevron Newbuild 1996[citation needed]

Cendor FSO CendorSouth ChinaSea, PeninsularMalaysia

Petrofac Conversion 2006[citation needed] MISC/FPSOVentures

Cidade deNiteroi Jabuti, Brazil Santos Basin,

BrazilMODEC (forPetrobras) Conversion 2009[citation needed] MODEC

Cidade doRio deJaneiroMV14 FPSO

Espadarte SulField

Campos Basin,Brazil Petrobras Conversion 2007[citation needed] MODEC

Cidade deVitoria FPSO Golfinho II Espírito Santo

Basin, Brazil Petrobras Conversion 2007 Saipem

CuulongMV9 FPSO Su Tu Den Field Vietnam

Cuulong JointOperating Company(CLJOC)

Newbuild 2003 MODEC


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FPSOVesselName


Newbuildor

Conversion

Startup

year

Vessel Designer

/Operator

Dalia FPSO Dalia South AtlanticOcean, Angola Total Newbuild 2006 Total

Dhirubhai 1 MA-D6 Bay of Bengal,India

Reliance IndustriesLimited Conversion 2008 AFP

Erha OPL 209 Gulf of Benin,Nigeria ExxonMobil Newbuild 2006

EspadarteFPSO Espadarte Campos Basin,

Brazil Petrobras Conversion 2000 SBM Offshore

EspiritoSanto BC-10FPSO

Espirito Santo(BC10)

Campos Basin,Brazil Shell Americas Conversion 2009 SBM Offshore

MISC Bhd

EspoirIvorien Espoir

Gulf ofGuinea, Côted'Ivoire

CNR Conversion 2002 Prosafe

FalconFPSO Currently none Johor River,

Malaysia ExxonMobil Conversion SBM Offshore

Farwah Al-Jurf Mediterranean,Libya Total 2003

FourVanguard Woollybutt Indian Ocean,

Australia ENI Conversion 2003 Premuda

GimboaFPSO Gimboa South Atlantic

Ocean, Angola Sonangol Conversion 2009 Saipem

GirassolFPSO Girassol South Atlantic

Ocean, Angola Total Newbuild 2001 Total

Glas Dowr JPDA Timor Sea ENI Newbuild 2003 Bluewater EnergyServices

GlobalProducer III Dumbarton North Sea, UK Maersk Newbuild 2006 Maersk

GreaterPlutonioFPSO

Block 18 GreaterPlutonio

South AtlanticOcean, Angola BP Newbuild 2007 BP

GriffinVentureFPSO

Griffin, Chinook,Scindian

Indian Ocean,Australia BHP Billiton Newbuild 1994

GryphonFPSO Gryphon North Sea, UK Maersk 1993

HæweneBrim FPSO Pierce North Sea, UK Shell Newbuild 1999 Bluewater Energy

Services

JasmineVenture MV7FPSO

Jasmine Field Thailand PEARL Energy PteLtd. Conversion 2004 MODEC

Jotun A Jotun North Sea,Norway ExxonMobil Newbuild 1999 Bluewater Energy

Services

KakapNatunaFPSO

Kakap KH field Indonesia ConocoPhillips(Kakap)Ltd. Conversion 1986 MODEC

Kikeh Kikeh Sabah,Malaysia Murphy Oil Conversion 2007 SBM Offshore

MISC Bhd


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FPSOVesselName


Newbuildor

Conversion

Startup

year

Vessel Designer

/Operator

Kizomba A Hungo, Chocalho South AtlanticOcean, Angola ExxonMobil Newbuild 2004 SBM Offshore

Kizomba B Kissanje,Dikanza

South AtlanticOcean, Angola ExxonMobil Newbuild 2005 SBM Offshore

Kuito FPSO Kuito Cabinda,Angola Chevron Conversion 1999 SBM Offshore

"KwameNkrumah"FPSO

Jubilee Fields Gulf ofGuinea, Ghana Tullow Oil & Others Conversion 2010 MODEC Inc.

North SeaProducer[14] MacCulloch North Sea, UK ConocoPhillips Conversion 1997 Maersk

MaerskCurlew Curlew North Sea, UK Shell Conversion 2002 Maersk[14]

Marlim SulFPSO Marlim Sul Campos Basin,

Brazil Petrobras Conversion 2004 SBM Offshore

MODECVenture 11FPSO

Mutineer-ExeterField Australia Santos Ltd. Conversion 2005 MODEC

MondoFPSO Luanda, Angola Block 15,

Angola ExxonMobil Conversion 2008 SBM Offshore

Munin Lufeng, Xijiang South ChinaSea, China CNOOC Newbuild 1997 Bluewater Energy

Services

MV8 LangsaVentureFPSO

Langsa field Malacca Strait,Indonesia

MEDCO MOECOLangsa Ltd. Conversion 2001 MODEC

MystrasFPSO Okono, Okpoho

Gulf ofGuinea,Nigeria

Agip Conversion 2004 Saipem

NganhurraFPSO Enfield

ExmouthSub-basin,Australia

Woodside Petroleum Newbuild 2006

MaerskNgujima-YinFPSO

VincentExmouthSub-basin,Australia

Woodside Petroleum Conversion 2008 Maersk

Norne FPSO Norne North Sea,Norway Statoil Newbuild 1997

NorthernEndeavour

Laminaria,Corallina

Timor Sea,Indonesia Woodside Petroleum Newbuild 1999; Kvaerner/SBM;

Okha Cossack, Wanaea North WestShelf, Australia Woodside Petroleum Conversion 2011

SBMOffshore/WoodsidePetroleum

PazflorFPSO Pazflor South Atlantic

Ocean, Angola Total Newbuild 2011 DSME

PerintisFPSO MASA field


Petronas Carigali Conversion 1999 AkerKvaerner/M3Nergy

PetrojarlBanff Banff North Sea, UK CNR Newbuild 1999 Teekay Petrojarl


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FPSOVesselName


Newbuildor

Conversion

Startup

year

Vessel Designer

/Operator

PetrojarlFoinaven Foinaven North Atlantic,

UK BP Conversion 1997 Teekay Petrojarl

Petrojarl I Glitne oilfield North Sea,Norway Statoil Newbuild 2001 Teekay Petrojarl

PetrojarlVarg Varg North Sea,

Norway Talisman Energy Newbuild 1999 Teekay Petrojarl

PertroleoNautipaFPSO

Etame South AtlanticOcean, Gabon Vaalco Energy Conversion 2002 Fred Olsen

Production, Prosafe

Polvo FPSO Polvo South AtlanticOcean, Brazil Devon Energy Conversion 2007 Prosafe

PuteriDulang FSO Dulang field


Petronas Carigali Conversion Unknown Petronas/FPSOVentures

PyreneesFPSO

Ravensworth,Crosby, StickleFields


BHP BillitonPetroleum Newbuild 2010 BHP

Billiton/MODEC

P-57 FPSO Jubarte Field Campos Basin,Brazil Petrobras Conversion 2010 SBM Offshore

Rang Dong 1 Rang Dong South ChinaSea, Vietnam JVPC, Nippon Oil Conversion 1998 Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries

Raroa II Maari Tasman Sea,New Zealand OMV Conversion 2008

RubyPrincessFPSO

Ruby South ChinaSea, Vietnam Petrovietnam Conversion 1998 Prosafe

Ruby IIFPSO Ruby South China

Sea, VietnamPetronas CarigaliVietnam Ltd Conversion 2010 MISC Bhd

Sanha LPGFPSO Angola Chevron Newbuild 2005 SBM Offshore /

Chevron

Saxi-BatuqueFPSO Luanda, Angola Block 15,


SchiehallionFPSO Schiehallion North Atlantic,

UK BP Newbuild 1998 Harland & Wolff

Sea EagleFPSO EA

Gulf ofGuinea,Nigeria

Shell Newbuild 2003

SeaRoseFPSO White Rose

Grand BanksofNewfoundland,Canada

Husky Energy Newbuild 2005

SeilleanFPSO Cachalote Esprito Santo

Basin, BrazilPetrobras but built forBP Newbuild 1986 Noble Corporation

SerpentinaFPSO Zafiro

Gulf ofGuinea,EquatorialGuinea

Exxonmobil Conversion 2003 SBM Offshore

Skarv FPSO Skarv and Idun North Sea,Norway BP Newbuild 2011 BP


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FPSOVesselName


Newbuildor

Conversion

Startup

year

Vessel Designer

/Operator

Song DocMV19 FPSO Song Doc Field Vietnam

Truong Son JointOperating Company(TSJOC)

Conversion 2008 MODEC

StybarrowMV16 FPSO Stybarrow Field


BHP BillitonPetroleum Newbuild 2007 MODEC

Terra Nova Terra Nova

Grand BanksofNewfoundland,Canada

Suncor Newbuild 2002

Triton

Bittern,Guillemot West,GuillemotNorthwest

North Sea, UK Amerada Hess Newbuild 2000

(EnQestProducer(FormerUisge Gorm)FPSO

Alma (FormerlyArdmore) OilField and GaliaTie-Back

currently inDock at Blohm+ Voss,Hamburg,Germany, laterNorth Sea, UK

TBD Conversion 1995/2012reconstruction Enquest

UmuroaFPSO Tui Tasman Sea,

New ZealandAustralian WorldwideExploration Conversion 2007 APS/Prosafe

Production

XikombaFPSO Xikomba Block 15,


Yunus FSO BDR3 Mediterranean Syriah & N.T.J. Group Conversion 1998 Syriah & NTJGroup

YúumK'ak'náabFPSO

Ku-Maloob-Zaapfield Gulf of Mexico PEMEX Newbuild 1998 BW Offshore AS,

Norway

ARMADAPERWIRAFPSO

TE GIACTRANG field(TGT)

VIETNAM BUMI ARMADABERHAD Newbuild 2011 BUMI ARMADA

BERHAD

References^ http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/sanha/1.^ http://www.platts.com/Oil/News/7093122.xml?src=Oilrssheadlines12.^ http://www.flexlng.com3.^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9ccaed4a-82ba-11e0-b97c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1NADgzzOH4.^ http://gastoday.com.au/news/flng_gets_serious/042981/5.^ "The world's first LNG Floating Storage and Regasification conversion" (http://www.skipsrevyen.no/artikler/artikler-1-2006/798.html) .Skipsrevyen. http://www.skipsrevyen.no/artikler/artikler-1-2006/798.html. Retrieved 2008-08-02.

6.

^ "Production grows in West Africa’s largest deepwater development" (http://www.exxonmobileurope.com/Corporate/Newsroom/Publications/TheLamp_3_2005/story2.asp) - The Lamp - Volume 86 Number 3 2004 - Exxon Mobil Corporation

7.

^ http://www.modec.com/fps/fpso_fso/projects/cantarell.html8.^ http://www.eon-ruhrgas-norge.com/cps/rde/xchg/SID-3F57EEE5-5B3326E4/er-norge/hs.xsl/2414.htm9.^ a b "Skarv and Idun Fields, North Sea Northern, Norway" (http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/skarv/) -10.^ http://www.akersolutions.com/Internet/IndustriesAndServices/OilAndGas/FieldDevelopment/default.htm11.^ %22Rigzone%22 (http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=50434)12.^ 2009 Worldwide Survey of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Units, Mustang Engineering, August 200913.^ a b "Maersk FPSO Fleet Location" (http://www.maersk-fpsos.com/fleet/units.aspx) - Maersk FPSO's14.

External links


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FPSO Seillean (http://www.seillean.com/) FPSO Seillean - the World's first DP production vessel - BP SWOPSAuld Alliance Trading FPSO Services (http://www.auldalliance.ae/) FPSO Services - Auld Alliance FPSO productionservices"FPSO World Fleet" (http://www.fpso.net/) . 2004. http://www.fpso.net/. Retrieved 2008-05-20.Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Installations (http://www.ukooa.co.uk/issues/fpso/) at the UnitedKingdom Offshore Operators Association

FPSO's FAQ's (http://www.ukooa.co.uk/issues/fpso/faq.cfm) at the United Kingdom Offshore Operators AssociationFPSOs at the U.S. Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service - Gulf of Mexico OCS Region(http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/offshore/fpso/fpso.html)FPSO pages at Offshore-Technology (http://www.offshore-technology.com/)

"Skarv FPSO (http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/skarv/)Kizomba (http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/kizomba/)Petrojarl 1 (http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/glitne/)Terra Nova (http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/terra_nova/)White Rose (http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/white_rose/)

FPSO pages at Ship-Technology (http://www.ship-technology.com/)Anasuria (http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/anasuria/)Bonga (http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/bonga/)Ramform Banff (http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/ramform/)Searose (http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/searose/)

2010 Worldwide Survey of FPSO Vessels (http://www.mustangeng.com/AboutMustang/Publications/Publications/2010%20FPSO%20Poster%20Final.pdf) by Mustang Engineering for Offshore Magazine

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