First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank...
Transcript of First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank...
![Page 1: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS&
Stefan&Schael,&&RWTH&Aachen
GSI Darmstadt, January 2018
![Page 2: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Dark Matter 13.7 billion years
COBE, WMAP, PLANCK HUBBLE
Big Bang
?
?
?
?
?
![Page 3: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Light primary cosmic ryas: p, He, C, N, O and e-
Light secondary cosmic ryas: Li, Be, B and e+, p
![Page 6: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6"
![Page 7: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7"
Pierre;Auger;Observatorium,&ArgenBnien,&3000&km2&
Pierre;Auger&Observatory"
![Page 8: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
AMS&
470&kg&
![Page 9: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9"
PAMELA&2006;2014&
AMS&
470&kg&
O.&Adriani&et&al.&&Physics&Reports&544&(2014)&323–370&
![Page 10: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10"
PAMELA&2006;2014&
AMS&
470&kg&
6,717&kg&
1&m&
O.&Adriani&et&al.&&Physics&Reports&544&(2014)&323–370&
![Page 11: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Physics of Charged Cosmic Rays
D L D .D 59L7 0
D L D D H DC. C DC
) D L D DC. 4DK AA
D D( 3 DC P
7 .519DC 1 29 : 9 M 8 6 9
11"
πµ
πππ
µ
µ
µ
e
ee
e
Dark Matter ?
![Page 12: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Discoveries: (1) Pulsar, (2) Microwave, (3) Binary Pulsars, (4) X Ray sources,
solar neutrinos (5) Dark Matter,
Dark Energy … …
Hubble, Chandra, GLAST, JWST, JDEM
WHIPPLE, HESS, VERITAS, …
AUGER
SUPER K HiRes
γ ,ν
S. Ting, MIT"
12
![Page 13: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
USA FLORIDA A&M UNIV. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY MIT - CAMBRIDGE NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY UNIV. OF MARYLAND - DEPT OF PHYSICS YALE UNIVERSITY - NEW HAVEN
MEXICO UNAM
DENMARK UNIV. OF AARHUS
FINLAND HELSINKI UNIV. UNIV. OF TURKU
FRANCE GAM MONTPELLIER LAPP ANNECY LPSC GRENOBLE
GERMANY RWTH-I RWTH-III MAX-PLANK INST. UNIV. OF KARLSRUHE
ITALY ASI CARSO TRIESTE IROE FLORENCE INFN & UNIV. OF BOLOGNA INFN & UNIV. OF MILANO INFN & UNIV. OF PERUGIA INFN & UNIV. OF PISA INFN & UNIV. OF ROMA INFN & UNIV. OF SIENA
NETHERLANDS ESA-ESTEC NIKHEF NLR
ROMANIA ISS UNIV. OF BUCHAREST
RUSSIA I.K.I. ITEP KURCHATOV INST. MOSCOW STATE UNIV.
SPAIN CIEMAT - MADRID I.A.C. CANARIAS.
SWITZERLAND ETH-ZURICH UNIV. OF GENEVA
CHINA BISEE (Beijing) IEE (Beijing) IHEP (Beijing) NLAA (Beijing) SJTU (Shanghai) SEU (Nanjing) SYSU (Guangzhou) SDU (Jinan)
KOREA EWHA
KYUNGPOOK NAT.UNIV.
PORTUGAL
LAB. OF INSTRUM. LISBON
ACAD. SINICA (Taiwan) AIDC (Taiwan)
CSIST (Taiwan) NCU (Chung Li) NCKU (Tainan)
NCTU (Hsinchu) NSPO (Hsinchu)
TAIWAN
AMS is US Dept of Energy (DOE) led International Collaboration 16 Countries, 60 Institutes and 600 Physicists, 17 years
The detectors were built all over the world and assembled at CERN, near Geneva, Switzerland 13&
![Page 14: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TRD
TOF
Tracker
TOFRICH
ECAL
1
2
7-8
3-4
9
5-6
TRD Identify e+, e-
Silicon Tracker Z, P
ECAL E of e+, e-, γ
RICH Z, E
TOF Z, E
&&ParBcles&and&nuclei&are&defined&by&their&&
charge&(Z)&and&energy (E ~ P)
Z, P are measured independently by the Tracker, RICH, TOF and ECAL
AMS: A TeV precision, multipurpose spectrometer
Magnet ±Z
14&
![Page 15: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
6 5m x 4m x 3m
7 tons
Silicon layer
7 Silicon layers
Silicon layer
TRD
TOF 1, 2
TOF 3, 4
RICH
ECAL
Magnet
300,000 electronic channels 650 processors
Radiators
11,000 Photo Sensors
15&
![Page 16: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
y97141b..ppt
…WE JUST DECIDED LAUNCHING MONEY DIRECTLY INTO SPACE WAS CHEAPER …
€ CHFDM
£ FFR¥ Lira
16&
![Page 17: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A US Air Force C-5 Galaxy has been used for transport
from Geneva to KSC 25. August 2010
17&
![Page 18: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
AMS
18&
![Page 19: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Closing Endeavour s Payload Bay Doors at the Launch Pad
19&
![Page 20: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
STS-134 launch May 16, 2011 @ 08:56 AM
20&
![Page 21: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Endeavour approaches the International Space Station 21&
![Page 22: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
AMS installed on the ISS Truss and taking data
May 19, 2011
22&
Up to now, AMS has collected >100 billion cosmic rays. This is a unique data set
to serach for new phenomena.
![Page 23: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1.03 TeV electron
TRD: identifies electron
Tracker and Magnet: measure momentum
ECAL: identifies electron and measures its momentum
side view
front view
RICH charge of electron
23&
![Page 24: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Citations: > 750
![Page 25: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25&
! The&electron&flux&and&the&positron&flux&are&different&in&their&magnitude&and&energy&dependence&
! Electrons&and&positrons&have&a&different&origin.&
Energy [GeV]1 10 210 310
]2 G
eV
-1 s
-1 s
r
-2 [m3 E~ - e
50
100
150
200
250
]2 G
eV
-1 s
-1 s
r
-2 [m3 E~ + e
5
10
15
20
25El
ectr
on S
pect
rum
Posi
tron
Spe
ctru
m
1,080,000 positrons
16,500,000 electrons
e± energy [GeV]
preliminary
![Page 26: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1 10 210 3100
0.1
0.2
0.3
Positron&FracBon&2016&
Φe+&&=&Ce+&� −γe+&+&Cs� −γs&e−E/Es&&Φe;&'=&Ce;&� −γe;&+&Cs� −γs&e−E/Es'
Es'='530'''''''GeV'''χ2/'n.d.f.'='39/59'+170'
−100'
e± energy [GeV]
Posi
tron
Fra
ctio
n
26
Maximum&at&E=265&±&22&GeV&
preliminary
![Page 27: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Comparison of the positron fraction measurement with a Dark Matter model
210 310-210
-110
Collision of Cosmic Rays with the ISM
Posi
tron
Fra
ctio
n
e± energy [GeV]
MDM = 1 TeV
Model based on J. Kopp, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 076013
AMS&2016&
17 million events
27"
preliminary
![Page 28: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28&
![Page 29: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29&
• The origin of the difference between (AMS, CALET, H.E.S.S.) and (FERMI, DAMPE) is not clear.
• A sharp cut-off in the (e+ + e-) Flux is visible at E≈1 TeV, the origin is not understood.
![Page 30: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The AMS results are in excellent agreement with a Dark Matter Model
AMS 2016
Energy [GeV]1 10 210 310
5
10
15
20
25
Dark Matter 1TeV
30
Posi
tron
Spe
ctru
m E3 F
lux [
GeV3 /(
s sr m
2 GeV
)]
preliminary
![Page 31: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2024: Extend measurement to 1 TeV
31
1 10 210 3100
5
10
15
20
25
30]
2 G
eV⋅ -1 s ⋅ -1 sr ⋅ -2
[m3 E~ x+ e
Φ
Energy [GeV]
Dark Matter 1TeV
AMS&MC&&13&years&
![Page 32: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
He&Li&Be&B&
C&N& O&
F"Ne"
Na"Mg"
Al" Si"
Cl" Ar"K"Ca"Sc" V"
Cr"
P" S"
Fe"
Ni"
Ti"
H&
Cosmic Nuclei AMS has seven instruments which
independently identify different elements
32
TRD
0.30&
0.12&
0.32&0.30&
0.33&0.16&
0.16&
∆Z&for&Z=6&Tracker Plane 1
Upper TOF
Tracker Plane 2-8
Lower TOF RICH Tracker Plane 9
![Page 33: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Rigidity [GV]
1 10 210 310
]1.7
GV
-1se
c-1
sr-2
[m
2.7 R~ ×Fl
ux
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14310×
AMS-02300 million
events
AMS Proton Flux, accuracy 1%
AMS-02
M. Aguilar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 171103 (2015) 33
![Page 34: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
![Page 35: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Rigidity (GV)-110 1 10 210 310
-1 )-1
.7 s
r s G
V2
Flu
x (m
× 2.
7R
1
10
210
310
410 Voyager&outside(the(solar(system&
E."C."Stone"et(al.,""Science"341,"150"(2013)"
AMS;02&
Understanding&of&the&Solar&MagneBc&Field:&
Rigidity [GV]
Effect&of&the&Solar&MagneBc&Field&
The proton flux and the effect of the solar magnetic field
C. Corti et al., ApJ 829, 8 (2016) 35
inside(the(solar(system(
![Page 36: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
AMS;02&
36&
![Page 37: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
"
"
"
37&
]1.7
GV
-1se
c-1
sr-2 [m2.7 R~ ×
Flux
8
9
1011
12
13
14310×
AMS-02Fit to Eq. (3) Eq. (3) with Δγ=0
Rigidity [GV] 10 210 310
\\\"
Fit to Model χ2"/NDF=25/26"
Fit to Model with =0
(sys)-0.003+0.004(fit)
-0.002+0.002 = -2.849γ
(sys)-0.030+0.046(fit)
-0.021+0.032 = 0.133γ∆
(sys) [GV]-28+66(fit)-44
+68 = 3360R
This&measurement&is&dominated&by&systemaBc&errors,&&we&will&therefore¬&be&able&to&improve&it.&
It&was&expected&that&the&proton&flux&could&be&described&&with&a&single&power&law&with&spectral&index&γ=;2.7.&
![Page 38: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
50 million helium nuclei
38&
Using&the&TRD&we&will&extend&this&measurement&up&to&~5&TeV&in&2024.&
![Page 39: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39"
It&was&expected&that&the&He&flux&could&be&described&&with&a&single&power&law&with&spectral&index&γ=;2.7.&
39&
![Page 40: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
) [GV]R~Rigidity (
10 210 310
p/H
e
33.5
44.5
55.5
66.5
77.5
8AMS-02Single power law fit (R>45 GV)
Traditional Models
Theoretical prediction
A. E. Vladimirov, I. Moskalenko, A. Strong, et al., Computer Phys. Comm. 182 (2011) 1156
&Protons&and&helium&are&both&“primary”&cosmic&rays.&
&Their&rigidity&raBo&has&tradiBonally&been&assumed&to&be&flat.&
AMS&:&this&raBo&is¬&flat.&&
The AMS proton/helium flux ratio
40&
![Page 41: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Helium isotopic composition
41"
preliminary
![Page 42: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The AMS Result on the Carbon Flux
![Page 43: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Above 60 GV, these fluxes have identical rigidity dependence.
Rigidity dependence of Primary Cosmic Rays
![Page 44: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
AMS"
Primary&Cosmic&Rays&(p,&He,&C,&O,&…)&
AMS"
Secondary&Cosmic&Rays&(Li,&Be,&B,&…)&
ISM"
44"
![Page 45: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
TheoreBcal&&predicBon&
AMS:&2.2"million"
Lithium"Events"
The&AMS&Result&on&the&Lithium&Flux&
45"
preliminary
![Page 46: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Rigidity [GV]
40 210 210×2 310 310×2
] 1.
7 (G
V)-1
sr-1 s
-2 [
m2.
7 R×
Flux
0
10
20
30
BoronBerilliumLithium
3
6
6
13
46&
Secondary&cosmic&rays&Li,&Be,&and&B&have&idenBcal&rigidity&dependence.&
Lithium&Beryllium&Boron&
B&Be& Li&preliminary
![Page 47: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47&
“Secondary”"cosmic"rays"have"a"different""rigidity"dependence"than"
“primary”"cosmic"rays."
Primary&&
Secondary&&
preliminary
![Page 48: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48&
Above 200 GV the Li, Be, and B fluxes all harden more than the He, C, and O fluxes.
Φ = C ⋅E−γ
preliminary
![Page 49: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49&
![Page 50: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50&
![Page 51: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Collision of ordinary CR (Moskalenko, Strong)
TheoreBcal&models&to&explain&the&AMS&positron&fracBon.&Among&the&100’s&of&models&there&are&three&classes:&a) dark&maner&&b) new&forms&of&propagaBon&&c) pulsars.&&
b) An example&of&new&propagaBon:&R.&Cowsik,&B.&Burch,&and&T.&Madziwa;Nussinov,&Ap.&J.&786&(2014)&124&
51&
![Page 52: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52&
Kolmogorov&turbulance&&model&predicts&δ=1/3.&
![Page 53: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
22.01.18& 53&
![Page 54: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
AMS results on the p/p flux ratio
|Rigidity| [GV]100 200 300 400 500
/p ra
tiop
-510
-410
AMS-02PAMELAKinetic energy [GeV]
0.2 0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
/p ra
tiop
-510
-410
AMS-02PAMELABESS-polarII
54&
![Page 55: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
AMS&p/p&results&and&modeling&
|Rigidity| [GV]1000 200 300 400 500
/p ra
tiop
5−10
4−10
AMS-02
Dark Matter
Collisions of ordinary cosmic rays
Models&from&Donato&et&al.,&PRL&102,&071301&(2009);&&m = 1 TeV&&&&&
55&
![Page 56: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
G.Giesen"et"al.,"JCAP09(2015)"023"""
56&
![Page 57: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Rigidity [GV]210 310
410
1
10
10
210
1
10]
1.7GV ⋅-1 s ⋅-1 sr ⋅
⋅-2
[m2.7 RΦ
ˇ e-
e+
p
p
20
3x103
p p
e− e+
100 200 300 400 500
-510
-410
AMS-02PAMELA
0
Φ /Φ
rati
o p
p
|Rigidity| [GV]
Unexpected Result: The Rigidity Dependence of Elementary Particles e+, p, p are identical from 60-500 GV.
e- has a different rigidity dependence.
M. Aguilar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 091103 (2016) 57
![Page 58: First&six&years&of&AMS&on&the&ISS& · lapp annecy lpsc grenoble germany rwth-i rwth-iii max-plank inst. univ. of karlsruhe italy asi carso trieste iroe florence infn & univ. of bologna](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602b818743c7c34965103b1e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Space Station has become a unique platform for precision physics research.
“The most exciting objective of AMS is to probe the unknown; to search for phenomena which exist in nature
that we have not yet imagined nor had the tools to discover.” S. Ting