1. Introduction 2. MIPAS experiment 3. Scientific results ... · IMK: H. Fischer, C. Blom, H....
Transcript of 1. Introduction 2. MIPAS experiment 3. Scientific results ... · IMK: H. Fischer, C. Blom, H....
1 | H. Fischer | IMK-ASF | MIPAS 10 anniversary, Februar 2012KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
10 years of MIPAS measurements and scientific achievements
Herbert Fischer
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK)
Germany
1. Introduction
2. MIPAS experiment
3. Scientific results
4. Outlook
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2 | H. Fischer | IMK-ASF | MIPAS 10 anniversary, Februar 2012
Acknowledgements for MIPAS/ENVISAT
1. MIPAS-Scientific Advisory Group/MIPAS Science Team: IMK: H. Fischer, C. Blom, H. Oelhaf, IROE: B. Carli, Univ. Bologna: M. Carlotti, Univ. Liège: L. Delbouille, R. Zander, Oxford Univ.: A. Dudhia, FZJ: D. Ehhalt, LPPM: J.-M. Flaud, Univ. Oslo: I. Isaksen, IAA: M. Lopez-Puertas, AES: C. T. McElroy, RAL: Brian Kerridge
2. ESA-ESTEC/ESRIN colleagues: C. Readings, M. Endemann, J. Langen, H. Nett, M.Rast, R. Koopman, C. Zehner, T. Fehr
3. ASTRIUM and BOMEM Company: P. Mössner, R. Gessner, G. Perron
4. Quality Working Group (further scientists): IFAC: P. Raspollini, S. Ceccherini, M. Prosperi, Univ. Bologna: M. Ridolfi, DLR: M. Birk, G. Wagner, IAA: B. Funke, IMK: Th. v.Clarmann, M. Höpfner, M. Kiefer, F. Hase, ISAC: B. M. Dinelli, Univ. Leicester: J. Remedios
5. Further IMK/IAA colleagues: N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, S. Kellmann, A. Kleinert, A. Linden, S. Chauhan, F. Friedl-Vallon, M. Milz, J. Orphal, T. Steck, G. Stiller, D.-Y. Wang, S. Gil-López, M.-L. Koukouli
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1. Introduction
• MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is not only a space experiment but a whole family of experiments
• 1980 H. Fischer and a group of scientists in MIM/LMU started the development of a new instrument for trace constituent measurements
• 1983 Concept of a new type of Michelson Interferometer, so-called Double Pendulum Interferometer (IEEE Transactions Geosc. Rem. Sens., GE-21, p. 345)
• 1985 Laboratory Model of DPI tested later used for ground-based solar measurements (e.g. international CHEOPS campaign 1989/1990)
• 1989 1. flight of cooled MIPAS balloon experiment in Aire sur l´Adour/France (publication in 1993, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 98, p. 20495)
• 1991 1. flight of MIPAS aircraft experiment aboard a Transall/EASOE programme (publication 1994, Geophys. Res. Letters, Vol. 21, p. 1351)
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MIPAS balloon experiment: shortly before launch
Kiruna
2003
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MIPAS balloon experiment: after launch
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MIPAS space experiment
• 1988 Proposal to ESA for a MIPAS space experimentincluding a small detector array
Original table of the capabilities of MIPAS measurements (see next page)
All the promises have been fulfilled in the meantime, even more constituents have been detected, e.g. PAN, SF6, HCOOH, BrONO2, PSCs
• 1992 MIPAS selected to fly aboard ENVISAT in 1998
• 2002 Launch ENVISAT
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Original MIPAS proposal 1988
Trace gases to be measured
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2. MIPAS experiment
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MIPAS scan geometryMichelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding
IR limb sounder: good vertical resolution Global data from pole to pole every day
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MethodInfrared spectroscopy
Spectral channels of MIPAS: 26 km tangent altitude
685 cm-1
14.6 µm2410 cm-1
4.15 µm
MIPASoptical design
enormous information content in one measurement
11 | H. Fischer | IMK-ASF | MIPAS 10 anniversary, Februar 2012KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Status of MIPAS experiment
A. Dudhia / Oxford
• Excellent performance
• Instrument is stable, availability of nearly 100%
• Interruption of measurements only in 2004, change to reduced optimized spectral resolution
Temperature at 10 h Pa
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3. Scientific results
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Non-LTE
NOy, Cly
NOx
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MIPAS scientific fields
• Chemical pollution in the upper troposhere
• Clouds
• Troposphere-Stratosphere exchange
• Climate: Trends in H2O
• Ozone depletion, ozone hole
• Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC)
• Brewer-Dobson circulation
• Downward transport in the middle atmosphere
• Noctilucent Clouds
• Interaction of solar radiation with atmospheric composition
• Non - LTE
Only a selection of results will be shown; many peer-reviewed publications in journals
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Upper troposheric pollution: HCNSeptember 2003 October 2003
December 2003 March 2004
Glatthor et al. 2009 ACP, 9, p. 9619
~ 11 km
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HCOOH: Temporal and spatial distributionsGrutter et al. 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D 1030310 km
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Annual average of Cloud Top Height during 2003
Spang et al. 2012, ACPD, 11, p. 33013
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Tropical cirrus: error estimation for effective radius
IWP ≙ Ice water path
1 parameter fit 2 parameter fit
3 parameter fit
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Water vapour and HDO tape recorder
Steinwagner et al. 2010,Nature Geoscience, 3, p. 262
Tropical stratosphere from 9/2002 till 3/2004
Left: Annual average vertical profiles of H2O and Delta-D for 2003
Right: Seasonal variations from the annual mean
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Schematic depicting sources of tropical stratospheric H2O
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Arctic ozone hole 2011
O3 ClO
Sinnhuber et al. 2011, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 38, L 24814
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MIPAS vortex average data for winter 2010/2011
T (K)
N2O
O3
T-TNAT (K)
Arnone et al. 2012,ACPD, 11, p. 33191
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MIPAS: Enormous information content
PSCs 17.5 km PSCs 14.5 km
STSNATIce
MIPAS: Southern hemispheric stratospheric trace gases @ 20 km, 20 Sep 2002
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MIPAS BrONO2 climatology (Jul 2002- Jan 2009)Night Day
Dec-Feb
Mar-May
Jun-Aug
Sep-Nov
DJF
MAM50-50
40
15
Alti
tude
(km
)
JJA
SON
Höpfner et al. 2009, ACP, 9, p. 1735
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Distribution of mean age of air in November 2008
Stiller et al. 2011, ACPD, 11, p. 28013
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Change of age of air in the time period 2002-2010
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PMC: Integrated radiance Lopez-Puertas et al. 2009 J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 114, D 00107
• Zonal mean radiances
•Spectral interval = 770-920 cm-1
• Offset corrected
Single scan noise = 60 nW/(cm2 sr). => Profiles above: 6 nW/(cm2 sr)
10º latitude binsNoise
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PMCs geolocations
MIPASScans with detection = 55%
SCIAMACHYScans with detection = 85%
Tk =150K
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Solar influence on climate: MIPAS observation during “Halloween” SPE Oct/Nov 2003
NOx
HNO3
ClONO2
O3
N2 O5
HOCl
Höh
e (k
m)
Höh
e (k
m)
October November October November
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Solar Proton Event Fall 2003 / Ozone depletion
SACADA 4D-var Data-Assimilation-System (H.Elbern, Univ. Cologne)
33km
Control run
MIPAS
Data assimilation
O3
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4. Outlook
- GLORIA Experiment operated by IMK/KIT and IEK-7/FZJ- PREMIER Mission of ESA, Phase A study