First Responder Awareness (FRA) Instructors: Jerry Earley, CIH Gary Duran.
-
Upload
myles-dickerson -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of First Responder Awareness (FRA) Instructors: Jerry Earley, CIH Gary Duran.
First Responder Awareness (FRA)Instructors: Jerry Earley, CIH
Gary Duran
At theAt the
First ResponderFirst Responder
Awareness LevelAwareness Level
Intro to Hazardous Materials
The Haz Mat Problem
• Use/misuse of Haz Mats create “Events”– Modern standard of living requires Haz Mat use and
transport– “Events”* will happen
• *(accidents/emergencies/incidents)
The Haz Mat Problem
• Over 16 million chemicals in existence– 70,000 potentially classified as “hazardous”
Elements of Hazmat Problem
• Volume of hazardous materials• The human factor• “Events” will happen!
Three Primary Risks
• Life/Health• Environment• Property
The Haz Mat Problem
• We can’t eliminate events, but can– Mitigate events– Prepare for events– Effectively & efficiently respond
The Haz Mat Problem
• Haz Mat events are “different”…– Must respond safely, slowly & methodically
Ms. Gump, your boy’s “different”...
What is “Hazardous”?
• No one universal definition for, BUT: • UN System helps classify them
– 9 hazard classes
Explosive
Compressed Gases
Flammable*
Oxidizer
Poison
Radioactive
Corrosive
Misc. Dangerous Substances
Corrosive
Oxidizer
ExplosivePoison
Radioactive
Flammable
Hazard Classes w/Examples
Explosives (Class 1)
• Trinitrotoluene (TNT)• Black Powder• Lead azide• ANFO• PETN
Gases (Class 2)
• Anhydrous Ammonia• Hydrogen Sulfide• Phosgene• Acetylene• Diborane
Flammable/Combustible Liquids (Class 3)
• Gasoline• Alcoholic Beverages• Hydrazine• Toluene• Acetone
Flammable Solids (Class 4)
• Aluminum phosphide• Naphthalene• Sodium• Barium• Carbon
Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides (Class 5)
• Red Fuming Nitric Acid• Nitrogen tetroxide• Potassium nitrate• Calcium Nitrate• Fluorine
Poisonous & Infections Materials Poisonous & Infections Materials (Class 6)(Class 6)
• Hydrazine• Nicotine• Acrolein• Fluorine• Bromine
Radioactive Materials (Class 7)
• Uranium Hexafluoride• Thorium
Corrosive Materials (Class 8)Corrosive Materials (Class 8)Corrosive Materials (Class 8)Corrosive Materials (Class 8)
• Red Fuming Nitric Acid• Sodium hydroxide• Sulfuric Acid• Hydrazine• Bromine
Misc. Hazardous Materials (Class 9)
• Ammonium nitrate fertilizers• Hazardous waste• Wheelchairs• Automobiles• Asbestos
Multiple Hazards & Health Effects
• Regulations are performance standards• More than one hazard class• Markings don’t show all hazards• Think of multiple hazards always!
Haz Mat Commons & Typicals
x
Haz Mat Commons
• Most common:– Release: Petroleum products– Locations: Fixed facilities – Factor: Collision/Overturn
Haz Mat Typicals
• The typical:– Responder exposure: Inhalation– Number of response agencies: Four– Response problem: Poor management!
First Responder’s Role
• Primary First Responder role– Safely and competently respond– Within appropriate —
• level• resources• and capabilities
First Responder Awareness
• OSHA definition– Likely to witness/discover a release– Can initiate notifying authorities– Take no further actions
Other Levels
• FRO• TECH• SPECIALIST
All Levels Have Limits
• Mission/Assignment• Training• Equipment
Know Your…
• Level• Role• Responsibility• Limits
Pertinent Laws & Regs
• Title 8 CCR 5192(q) – Safety/Planning/Response/Training
• VC 2454– IC for incidents on Highway/Road
• VC 2453, H&SC 6.95, SARA III §304– Planning & Notifications.
Hazardous Materials Recognition & Safety
Hazard Recognition
• Must Know How to Recognize Haz Mat Incidents
Importance of Recognition
• Any responder can encounter hazmats• Any responder can get hurt
CopsFireMedicalOthers
Importance of Recognition
• Recognition leads to safety• Safety leads to lives preserved
Not Always Reported as Hazmats
• Many reported as:– Traffic accident– Medical aid– Fire, person down, etc.
• Initial report may not indicate presence of hazardous materials!
Hazmat Recognition Clues
• Occupancy/Location• Container Shapes• Markings & Colors• Placards & Labels
Hazmat Recognition Clues
• Shipping Papers and MSDS• Senses• Other Clues
Occupancy & Location
Hazmat Locations
• Haz Mats manufactured, stored, Haz Mats manufactured, stored, used and transported used and transported anywhereanywhere
Hazmat Locations
• Be aware of “Common” locations
Container Shapes
Containers and Packages
• Shape may be a clue to the contents– Container – Package– Truck– Tank
Container Shapes
• DOT specification vehicle• Compressed gas cylinders• Common above-ground tanks
DOT Spec Vehicles
• DOT 406/MC 306
DOT Spec Vehicles
• DOT 407/MC 307
DOT Spec Vehicles
• DOT 412/MC 312
DOT Spec Vehicles
• MC 331
DOT Spec Vehicles
• MC 331 – Tube Trailer
DOT Spec Vehicles
• MC 338
Gas Cylinders
Storage Tanks
Potential Stresses
• Thermal• Mechanical• Chemical• Radiation
Senses
• Last resort!• Highest danger!
Other Recognition Clues?
• Responsible Party• Witnesses• Business plan
“Clues” are “Clues”!
• They are a,– Warning– Note of caution– Indication of things to come– But not always all the answers!
Outward Warning Signs
• Evidence of leak, fire, smoke, vapors, unusual colors/odors
• People running from, or collapsed in the area
Outward Warning Signs
• Sound of an operating relief valve• Remember: Assume Haz Mat & look
for clues or warning signs until you confirm the absence of hazardous materials!
Special Markings
• NFPA 704• Biohazards• Military markings• Pipeline markers• Hazcom markings• Railcards
Placards and Labels
• Know hazard classes– Colors– Symbols– Placard/label shapes
SymbolBackground and Border
ID Number and Division Number
1654
6.1
Components of Placards
Placards and Labels
• Know placard limits– Multiple and subsidiary hazards– “Dangerous” placard meaning
• (Table 1 & 2 commodities)
– Compliance and enforcement
Shipping Papers
• Preferred Haz Mat Identification Source
• Know types and locations
Locations of Shipping Papers
• Truck: Bill of Lading (In cab)
Locations of Shipping Papers
• Air: Air Bill (In cockpit)
Locations of Shipping Papers
• Rail: Waybill & Consist (With crew)
Locations of Shipping Papers
• Vessel: Dangerous Cargo Manifest (On bridge)
Lundgren Shipping
Shipping Papers
• Should include info about products
• But they may not always be accurate or complete
?
Material Safety Data Sheets
• Should be available for each Haz Mat in the workplace– Required by OSHA Hazard
Communication Regs
• Provides valuable information
MSDS
Bad stuff!
Touch this and you die.
Call 911 now!
Diforsuranol
Make out your will. It’s all over.Death imminent. No hope for you pal!
First Operational Thought
• Experienced responders have a positive safety attitude– Use recognized safety procedures– Develop awareness of possible secondary &
tertiary hazards– Treat all Haz Mat events with respect &
anticipate problems
First Operational Thought
• Cross reference 3 or more sources
• Ensure back-up plans are in place
• Set up and use decon procedures early
Mental Safe Approach
• Maintain a Mental Safe Approach Tactic– Always keep your distance– Upwind, Upgrade and Upstream!– Be a responder, not an indicator
Ways Hazmats Can Kill
• Toxicity• Radioactivity• Asphyxiation• Explosion• Flammability• Corrosion
““I have I have sinnedsinned…”…”J. Swaggert
Safety, Isolation and Notifications (S.I.N.)
Definition - SIN
• S = Safety• I = Isolation• N = Notifications
Responder Actions
• All responders should SIN• Basic initial action• Done at all hazmat incidents
First Operational Thought
• The first operational thought for all responder levels is safety!
First Operational Thought
• First operational thought is safety– Safety starts with first responder on-scene– All must have positive safety attitude
Positive Safety Attitude
• Three techniques to ensure safety– Safe approach– Safe assessment– Key safety guides for all
UpwindUpstream
Upgrade
Safe Approach
Safe Distance
Safe Approach
• Position vehicles away from event…– For quick departure!
• Advise responders of safe route of approach.
Conduct Safe Assessment
• Conduct safe size-up• Or you may have no size-up
Conduct Safe Assessment
• Don’t get close enough for positive ID• Slow down, shut-off A/C, observe area• Position vehicles headed away• Use binoculars to identify/assess
Desired Initial Actions
• Safe Approach• Isolate & deny entry• Make initial Notifications• Establish temporary command
General Safety Precautions
• 10 key Safety Guides/Do’s & Don’ts– In the book...– Which do need to improve on?
OSHA Requirements
• IC must designate a Safety Officer• Safety Officer ensures safety on-scene• Safety Officer enforces and First
Responders observe, safety rules
First Operational Priority
• Isolate & deny entry!
First Operational Priority
• FRAs — usually isolate and deny entry by establishing a “Perimeter”– Use ERG recommendations
First Operational Priority
• Dilemma– Safe distance vs. control
of Perimeter
Perimeters & Control Zones
• Purpose of Perimeters & Control Zones– Ensure safety and isolation– Control the scene– Limit spread of contamination– Allow for safe working area
Perimeters & Control Zones
• Main operational difference– FROs usually set Perimeters– Techs/Specialists set Zones
Control Zones
• Exclusion/Hot Zone• Contamination Reduction/Warm Zone• Support/Cold Zone
Exclusion Zone
Contamination Reduction Zone
Support Zone
Exclusion Exclusion
ZoneZone
Contamination Contamination Reduction Reduction
ZoneZone
Support ZoneSupport Zone
Control Zones
First Operational Priority
• Isolate and deny entry
Perimeter Control Objectives• Control
– Entry Points– Perimeter– Access inside perimeter
Perimeter Control Tactics
• Determine size/extent of perimeter– Per ERG!– Downwind perimeter usually longer
Downwind Perimeter
Perimeter Control Tactics
• Identify all entry points• Control all entry points• Identify and establish
boundaries
Establishing Boundaries
• Unstaffed barricades usually ineffective• Be aware of ignition sources
– Vehicles– Flares
• Use existing barriers
Control Access to Perimeter
• Deny entry to all• Stage responders not assigned• Establish emergency exit procedures• Establish control zones• Watch for wind shifts
Perimeters and Control Zones
• IC is ultimately responsible
First Operational Alert
• Notifications
Types of Notifications
• Mandatory notifications• Resource requests• Report of conditions
RP Notification Requirements• Responsible party must make “Mandatory”
notifications– To proper authorities– Releases with potential adverse impact
• Health• Safety• Environment
Notification Requirements
• Responder — make same notifications as back-up
• RP must make “mandatory” notifications– Possible civil/criminal penalties for
non–notification!
Notification Requirements
• “Mandatory” notifications– Local 911 — Local dispatch– CUPA/Administering Agency — ???– State Warning Center — (800) 852-7550– National Response Center — (800) 424-8802
Other Notifications Required• Pesticides – County Agriculture• Spill in state waters – OES• Highways – CHP• Radiologicals – DHS• Wildlife – DF&G• Prop 65 substances – County
Notifications for Schools
• Notify District Superintendent– Acutely hazardous material release– Within ½ mile of a school
Responsibility for Notifications
• RP makes mandatory notifications• Responders:
– Releases near schools– Prop 65 notification
Information Needed
• Location• Name of person reporting• Substance released
Information Needed
• Nature of problem• Quantity released• Other potential hazards
– (e.g. fire!)
Key Notification Points
• For Federal Agencies– National Response Center– (800) 424-8802 N RC
Key Notification Points
• For State Agencies– State Warning Center– (800) 852-7550
O
E
S
Notification Issues
• May need notification checklist
Rules of Thumb
• Know local resources & request early• Request all response agencies• Know Mutual Aid for area Haz Mat teams,
local industry, state & federal resources• Stage incoming resources
Accessing Resources
• Pre-awareness and contact lists• Develop 24 hour contact points &
notification/contact lists, and• Put them in a “User-friendly” format
Report of Conditions
• What you see• What you need• What you are doing
– (or have done)
3 Sources—Preferred Minimum
NIOSH
CHRIS
DOT Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
• ERG purpose:– Basic safety tool– Basic identification– Initial actions
MSDS as an IDHA Tool
• Answers key questions– What is it?– How can I protect my self?– What will it do to me?
• MSDS often provide toxicological info.
CHEMTREC• CHEMTREC
– Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
• 24 Hour technical information center• One person call (800) 424-9300
Other Reference Guides
• Condensed Chemical Dictionary• CHRIS Manual• NIOSH Pocket Guide• Sax Book
Other Reference Guides
• Farm Chemical Handbook• AAR book• NFPA guide
Other Reference Guides
• Merck Index• Computer databases• Pesticide labels
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Location– (open field vs. downtown)
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Time– (evening or day or hours next to a school)
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Weather– (wind, temperature, rain)
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Size of problem– (5 gallon vs. 500 gallon)
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Stage of incident– (short vs. long
duration release)
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Nature of materials– Semi Bad Stuff or– Bad Stuff or– Really Bad Stuff
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Type, condition & behavior of container
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Responders & equipment
Variables & Modifying Conditions
• Availability & amount of control agents
Predicted Behavior
• Before intervention• Try to predict behavior of release
– What will it do?– Where will it go?– What will it hurt?
Baseline Question
• Before intervention– Outcome of natural stabilization?– Favorable impact intervention will make?
Complications in Hazard Assessment
• Mixed load placard — “Dangerous”• 4-4-4 NFPA 704 marking
Complications in Hazard Assessment
• Multiple Haz Mats or “Mixed Bag” problem– May need chemist or Haz Mat
team to aid in IDHA and action planning
Intelligence vs. Information
• “Intelligence” — information that is:– Verified– Organized– Analyzed – Prioritized and– Useful for valid IDHA
FRA Role
• Won’t develop written plans (usually)• Should have response objectives• Should plan before acting