Fire Basics PPT
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Transcript of Fire Basics PPT
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Fire: Its Faster than You Think
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HOME FIRE
SAFETY
KNOW HOW TO
DEAL WITH
FIRE . Prevention is the key to fire safety!
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OUTLINE
1. Fire Prevention Goals
2. Fire Science- Awareness
3. Classification of Fire
4. Fire Extinguishers Application and Operation
5. Fire safety inspections
6. Evacuation plan
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Life Safety
The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life.
Property Protection
The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property damage.
Protection of Environment / Operations
By preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure that work operations will continue.
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FIRE SCIENCE
What elements are needed
to start a fire?
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Fire triangle
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Fuel + Oxygen + Heat = Fire + Heat + Light
FUEL
OXYGEN HEAT
The FIRE TRIANGLE represents the three elements
needed for fire to occur: heat, fuel, and oxygen.
FIRE SCIENCE
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FIRE SCIENCE
FUEL CAN BE
LIQUID: Grease, Oil, Fuel;
SOLID: Wood, Paper, Metal;
GAS: Natural Gas, Propane, Acetylene.
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Fuel can be any combustible material
in any state of matter - solid, liquid, or
gas. Most solids and liquids become a
vapor or gas before they will burn.
FUEL
OXYGEN HEAT
Examples: CLOTHING
FURNITURE
CURTAINS
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
FIRE SCIENCE
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FUEL
OXYGEN HEAT
The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen.
(minimum 19.5% to Maximum 23.5%)
Fire requires an atmosphere with at least 12 14 % oxygen.
FIRE SCIENCE
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Remember: Fuel + Oxygen + Heat = Fire
FUEL
OXYGEN HEAT
Heat is the energy necessary to increase
the temperature of the fuel to a point
where sufficient vapors are given off for
ignition to occur. Examples:
STOVES
HEATING APPLIANCES
FIREPLACES
DAMAGED WIRING
FIRE SCIENCE
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CLASS A FIRES - Ordinary combustibles such as
wood, paper, cloth.
Classification of FIRE
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CLASS B FIRES - Flammable liquids such as oil, grease
Classification of FIRE
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Classification of FIRE CLASS C FIRES - Gases and Liquefiable Gases
e.g. natural gas, hydrogen, propane, butane.
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CLASS D FIRES - Flammable Metals
Classification of FIRE
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FIRE SCIENCE
What is smoke?
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Common Causes of Fire
1. Kitchen Stoves
2. Electric Overloading
3. Faulty Wiring
4. Smoking in Bed
5. Lighting
6. Flammable Liquids
7. Candles
8. Children
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COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
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Open Flames
Examples of such unsafe conditions are as follows: negligence in conducting hot work, such as welding,
cutting or grinding; improper use of candles; improper handling of flammable or combustible
liquids or flammable gases innear-to-potential ignition sources; and
matches and cigarettes that are improperly disposed of, or left unattended near combustibles.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
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Electrical
Examples of such unsafe conditions are as follows: damaged electrical conductors, plug wires or
extension cords; use of faulty, modified or unapproved electrical
equipment; insufficient space or clearance between electrical
heating equipment and combustibles; short or overloaded circuits; loose electrical connections; and lighting.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
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COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE Electrical
Overloading
Loose Connections
Damaged Installations
Misuse of Elec. Meter rooms
Aged Wiring and Installations
Unattended Elec. Appliances
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Cooking
Examples of possible unsafe conditions are as follows: deep frying in pots or pans on stove tops;
unattended cooking appliances; and
combustibles located dangerously close to
cooking equipment.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
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A fire started in the
kitchen area does not
take long before it is a
ball of flame reaching
quickly to the ceiling.
Fire fighters look
on as the fire
spreads across a
room.
The house is nearly
completely
consumed.
Kitchen Fire Photographs
Fires can easily double in size every 60 seconds, meaning there is little time to extinguish a fire before escape should be your primary goal if trapped.
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Spontaneous Ignition and the Ignition of Waste Materials
Examples of such unsafe conditions are as follows: improper disposal of materials susceptible to
spontaneous combustion, such as oily rags from wood finishing or polishing;
accumulation of organic materials, such as green hay, grain or woodchips; and
accumulation of waste combustible materials near potential sources of ignition.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
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Careless Smoking
SMOKING IN BED
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
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26
Principles of Fire Extinction
1. Starvation Removal of un-burnt material from
fire area
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27
Principles of Fire Extinction
2. Smothering Cutting off the supply of oxygen from
fire area
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Principles of Fire Extinction
3. Cooling Removal of heat from the burning
material/fire area
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29
Principles of Fire Extinction
4. Breaking of chain reaction It is a chemical process
Fig: Extinguishing mechanism of multipurpose mono-ammonium phosphate dry chemical
NH3
&
H2O
Flame Steam
Meta-Phosphoric Acid
Ortho-Phosphoric Acid
Mono-ammonium phosphate
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Phases/ Stages of Burning
It depends on the following factors
The amount of time, the fire has burnt.
The ventilation characteristics of the confining structure / Building
The amount and type of combustibles present.
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Oxygen Rich Atmosphere Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere
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Phases/ Stages of Burning
1.
Incipient or beginning phase
2. Smoldering phase
3. Flame Stage
4. Heat Stage
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WATER CO2
FOAM (AFFF)
DRY CHEMICAL POWDER (ABC, BC, D)
GAS (CO2, CLEAN AGENT)
TYPES OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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These are specially
designed for tackling
Class A fires (wood,
paper, straw, textiles,
coal etc.)
They fight the fire by
cooling, smothering
and starving in
combination.
WATER CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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These are ideally suited where
class A & B fires
Aqueous Film Forming Foam or
AFFF is particularly suited to fight
liquid spill fires such as petrol, oil,
fats, paints etc.
It works by forming a film on the
liquid hence smothering and
cooling the fire.
FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
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CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
These are suitable for class B & C
Class of Fire involving flammable
liquids for electrical equipment.
They cool and starve the fire.
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They are also suited for D class
of fire when filled with
special powder.
They fight the fire by
smothering, starving and
inhibition.
POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER
These are multipurpose fire extinguishers suited for all
three types of fires i.e. A, B & C .
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CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHER
They are environmental
friendly
They are harmless to your
electric and other equipment
They leave no residue!
Hence, they are called Clean
Agents!!
These are suitable for A B & C Class of Fire.
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HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Firstly, READ the instructions on the sticker on the extinguisher!!!!
Remember (P.A.S.S.): Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.
P - Pull the safety pin from the handle.
A - Aim the extinguisher nozzle or hose at the base of the fire.
S - Squeeze the handle to discharge the agent
S - Sweep side to side.
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HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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WHAT TO DO
IN CASE OF
FIRE
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DO NOT RUN
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DO NOT WASTE TIME FOR
COLLECTING VALUABLES
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DO NOT PANIC
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INFORM FIRE BRIGADE ABOUT FIRE
ALERT NEIGHBOURS
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CALL FIRE BRIGADE BY DIALLING
101
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Fire Services
Fire 101
Central Fire Control Room & Ambulance
2942999 / 2251780
Banashankari Fire Station 26715088
Cookes Town Fire Station 22251780 / extn -229
Fire Protection Squad 22251780 / extn -219
Highground Fire Station 22251780 / extn -220
Jaya Nagar Fire Station 22251780 / extn -201
J C Nagar Fire Station 22251780 / extn -209
M S Building Fire Protection Squad
22251780 / extn -223
North Fire Station Mysore Road
22251780 / extn -206
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Fire Services Peenya Fire Station 28391600
Rajaji Nagar Fire Station 22251780 / extn -227
Raj Bhavan Fire Protection Squad
22251780 / extn -218
Rescue Squad 22251780 / extn -207
South Fire Station 22251780 / extn -205
Vidhana Soudha Fire Production Squad
22251780 / extn -214
Whitefield Fire Station 28512101
Yeshwanthpur Fire Station 22251780 / extn -215
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MAKE EXIT TO GROUND LEVEL
INSTEAD OF TERRACE
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DO NOT USE LIFT TO ESCAPE
L I F T
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IF POSSIBLE, USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS
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FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS - EXAMPLES
1. Locked or blocked exits (common hazard)
2. Trash or debris, Electrical hazards Cooking hazards, Chemicals, Gas Cylinders
3. Exit Signs Blocked exits/isles/hallways
4. Fire extinguisher conditions Validity etc.
5. Emergency lighting
6. Emergency stairway doors blocked
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FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS
REMEMBER
The best way to fight fire is to prevent it
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Fire evacuation plan
Or
Emergency Preparedness
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EVACUATION PLAN
COMPONENTS OF AN EVACUATION PLAN
Emergency Control Committee - develops plan
Emergency Crews - administer plan
Escape routes - primary & secondary
Maps - posted indicating escape routes, first aid kits and extinguishers
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FIRE EVACUATION PLAN
WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE
FOLLOW YOUR AGENCYS FIRE EVACUATION PLAN
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EVACUATION PLAN
Fire officials (either State or Local officials)
Office of State Buildings.
The plan should be reviewed and, if possible, approved by
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EVACUATION PLAN
are conducted at least once each year, but some agencies
may require them more frequently.
FIRE DRILLS
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EVACUATION PLAN
FIRE DRILLS cont.
Remember to DOCUMENT:
Date & time
Employees & visitors present
Outside meeting location
Headcount
Time of entire drill
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High-rise building
For the purpose of Fire Safety, all buildings 15 m or above in height shall be considered as high rise buildings (National Building Code of India 2005).
Fire Safety in High Rise Buildings are implemented as per the requirement specified in by-laws of Local Govt. bodies in respect of High Rise Building.
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Home Fire Prevention and Preparedness
-Plan Ahead Practice evacuating the building blindfolded.
Practice staying low to the ground when escaping.
Feel all doors before opening them. If a door is hot, get out another way.
Learn to stop, drop to the ground, roll if clothes catch fire.
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Reduce amount of flammable and
combustible materials.
To reduce ignition hazards.
To ensure safe emergency evacuation
routes.
Clear walkways/stairways
House Keeping
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Questions
? ? ? ? ?
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THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING!