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Transcript of Finalized A
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8/6/2019 Finalized A
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MSC in Maritime Operations & Management
City University London
1
Ashraf Ali Ahmed
090039659
Discuss the possible psychological effects of the introduction of a significant
change management programme within an organisation on the employees
of that organisation .in addition critically explore possible mitigation
effects.
1.0 About Change Management
Change Management is an advanced as well as the modern field of management. Change
Management over past few years is almost with all Leading and Successive Companies and is
with every one as one among all situations of life (Doolin, 2003, p-70). The process of
continuous renewing an organisations Structure, direction and strengths in order to fulfil the
needs of its stake holders, shareholders and internal and external customers, is the Change
Management. Most three fundamental assumptions which the change management visualises
the dominant approach to change to incorporate within each personnel among organisations
is, firstly the acceptance of change, without any question is for the survival of the
Organisation they work for(French and Bell, 1999). Secondly the change is always treated
as threat to successive organisations (Peters and Waterman, 1992). Thirdly, Change is
Show cased as strength of Leadership (Bass 1999, Wood Ward and Hendry 2004) .
2.0 Types of changes that come across within organisation
The only key important for a leading successful change is by developing a change strategy
that will fit the type and scope of the change that which you are working for. Depending on
the goal to which extent the acceptance of change and employee involvement the
organisational change is planned and carried out. The three types of commonly used
organisational change processes are, the developmental, transformational and Transitional
(Ackerman 1997).
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2.0.1 Development Change
Development change comes into the focus when an organisation makes a further one step
ahead in improvement to their existing business. When a company wants to provide more
quality to their customers, increase of their standards and process improvement, these things
among organisation considered as the development change. The first order change, emergent,
planned is the Development change. The improvement of the existing skills or performance,
correction of current process is the why mainly development change is for. Many companies
to be in the race of competitive market, they continually involve in the development change.
2.0.2 Transitional Change
The transitional change is very much different from the development change, the newer
procedures, newer policies, are replaced with the current policies and procedures of the
company. The time period in which the old process and procedures are dismantled where the
new procedures and policies are implemented is known as the transitional period. The result
of the transitional change is unpredicted as the merger, corporate reorganisation, acquisitions,
development of new products, involving new technologies, are the sample in the transitional
change.
Transitional change is the second order change, which is planned, carried with regular
interval, or radically. There are three stages in the process of transitional change these are,
unfreezing the existing organisational equilibrium, moving to the further new position and
refreezing the new equilibrium (Lewin, 1951).
2.0.3 Transformational Change
The sudden drastically transform of the companies process and the implementation of new
technology is the practices in the transformational. This change is not the planned change and
occurs generally after the transition period. This transformational change involves both the
transitional and development change. The development and transitional change some times
may not fulfil the needs of the organisation, in situations like change of supply chain
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significantly, unpredicted markets change rates rise or fallen, unpredicted competition,
overdraft of revenue, or any other major mishaps (Linda S. Ackerman Anderson & Dean
Anderson, pp-31, 39).
Two dimensional change views, the two dimensional change shows how the change is
controlled and how radical the change is. The figure illustrates the audit commission report
which was taken recently. The prerequisite before any change is initiated in the organisation
is to ensure the management is whole is fulfil with the right strategies and measures for the
successful flow of change management. Employees of the organisation does not take
responsibility of the change, they only give the work to be effective, individual work effort
and accuracy of speed of performance is only tackled with the employees, so management
has to prepare the change to be more important.
2.0.4 Planned and unplanned change
Organisational change might be planned and unplanned among the organisations. Sometimes
the change in the organisation is unpredicted and needs the implementation and deliberate
decision on change management has to be taken by managers, this type is the unplanned
change.
3.0 Change might be unpredictable and spontaneous in two ways
Firstly, sometimes decisions emerge from the managers, and these change plans are unspoken
and involves employees assumptions out of scope about the organisation. To make the things
more profitable and worth full the management raise these type of change management plans
among the organisations without any intimation about this prior with the employees or
stakeholders.
Secondly, sometimes the change which is planned prior and presently executing with much
care by the managers will run out of control and makes the management to involve for the
unplanned change. For example, when HALLMARK Greeting Cards Company planned to be
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one of top business company in greeting cards, so it has planned almost for 3 years for drastic
improvement in design of cards and introduced the silky and lively finish of cards with much
impressive pictures and the change management plan was successive in much less than a
month. Another example is the Nokia, one of top leading manufacturer of mobiles have
investigated the error, faulty of their batteries in various models with 5 million mobile sets on
27th august 2007. It was investigated Matsushita Electrical Company, Japan based batteries
manufacturer has supplied fault batteries (with BL-5C series) to Nokia. The fault with
batteries were much overheating and as a pilot change management plan both Nokia and
Matsushita jointly initiated the process to replace the batteries to customers with free of cost.
4.0 Measures for the Effective Organisational Change Management
Change Management does not involve any single step process, or any only one individual
involvement, change is complex and above it does not only have single solution. Proper and
perfect training has to be provided to the employees involving in the change. Effective and
Impressive Leadership has to be incorporated. Organisational development has to be
implemented for the organisational effectiveness. Communication is more complex, the
communication between the participants in change management must be clear and
instructions to them must be understandable. Two way communications is much preferable.
Above all, HRs role in change management is most important and remarkable, as only HRs
is responsible in accessing the change impact on individual, department, branch of
organisation, another part of organisation, communicating the views of stakeholders and
performance measurement.
5.0 Critical Findings
Employees should involve in all phases of change management, and make them informed in
all steps of change as individual effort is the team success and change can resist strongly only
when it gets roots from deeper. Change Management can be emergent or planned, change
may be either but the prerequisites has to be carefully examined and to be started only when
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it is necessary. Need of change and the necessity of change of it has to be correctly educated
to the participants in change management process, as best results appear only from clear
understanding. Change process developed has to be perfectly suited for the problem, this can
be achieved only by knowing current situation and future state of change by well expertise
and managers. Leadership Practice is showcased only when the organisation is successful in
it change process and the organisation should mould for every change management process
initiated. Companies often implement change, as for renewing, restructuring, innovation, to
be with market change and for the profit interest of customers, stake holders and share
holders. Change management performed has to be planned for long term, as the change result
is unpredictable the long run plan change can involve some corrective and supportive
changes for a successive change. Organisational change is emergent element; it is not linear
or not fixed. The change may vary the goals start up at the initiative. Strength of the success
of the organisation is reported only when the change is performed and outcome is successful.
6.0 Conclusion
The change will be successful when the equal contribution happens among all the levels of
the organisation. Different kinds of change require different strategies and plans to effectively
gain employee engagement and acceptance of change. However, change is a requirement
when an organisation faces trouble through this competitive business world. The change
management is therefore performing its inevitable role to make it easier for the organisations.
The three types of change that occur most frequently within organisations are developmental,
transitional and transformational change. However, change management theories effectively
support how to deal with developmental and transitional change, but are less effective at
dealing with successfully implementing transformational change (Ref# Linda S. Ackerman
Anderson & Dean Anderson, pp-31, 39). A critical step in determining which approach to
use in overcoming resistance to implementing organisation change is to determine which type
of change the organisation is experiencing. This is why Fisher and Torbert in 1991 states that,
applied to individuals and to organisations through a process we call action inquiry (Ref#
Fisher and Torbert, 1991, pp-143, 73). Inquiry is must related factor of an organisation in
critical considerations.
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MSC in Maritime Operations & Management
City University London
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Ashraf Ali Ahmed
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However, as a shipping business the use of change management could be very vital for its
problem solving situations as well as the organisational expansion. Though, the change
management is very effective it has some excessive demerits of its improper uses.
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MSC in Maritime Operations & Management
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Ashraf Ali Ahmed
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References (Part A):
1. Doolin, B. (2003), Narratives of change: discourse, technology andorganization, Organization, Vol. 10 No.4, pp.751-70.
2. French, W.L., Bell, C.H. (1999), Organization Development: Behavioral ScienceInterventions for Organizational Improvement, 6th ed., Prentice-Hall.
3. Peters, T., Waterman, R. (1982), In Search of Excellence Woodward, S., Hendry, C.(2004), Leading and coping with change, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 4
No.2
4. Bass, B. (1999), Two decades of research and development in transformationalleadership, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology.
5. Beyond Change Management: Advanced Strategies for Today's TransformationalLeaders, 2001. (Kindle Edition), Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer (A Wiley Company) Linda S.
Ackerman Anderson & Dean Anderson, pp-31,32,39
6. Transforming managerial practice: beyond the achiever stage, Fisher, D., Torbert,W.R. 1991, in Woodman, R. W., Pasmore, W.A. (Eds), JAI Press, Greenwich, pp.143-
73.