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Completion Report Panel discussion with community radio stations on DRR

December 2010

Submitted to DIEPCHO Partners

c/o Mission East Lalitpur

Association of Community Radio Broadcasters Nepal (ACORAB)

Chakupat, Lalitpur

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CONTENTS

Background ....................................................................... 2 Objective ........................................................................... 3 Overview of the Programme ............................................. 3 Outcome ............................................................................ 8 Conclusion ......................................................................... 8 ANNEX I : Pokhara Declaration of ACORAB ANNEX II : Presentation of Surya Dhakal ANNEX III : Presentation of Dr Meen Dhakal ANNEX IV : Radio Programme Production Guideline to Community Radio for Disaster Risk Management

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Completion Report Panel discussion with community radio stations on DRR

Background Over the last 13 years community radio stations in Nepal have promoted that right by establishing themselves as a highly credible, fair and socially-responsive form of media that has substantially changed the landscape of the media in Nepal by allowing for more pluralism and freedom of expression. In many rural areas of the country, these stations are the only forms of media available and they have been providing services to the marginalized and disadvantaged who have been ignored by the mainstream media. Community radio stations in Nepal have demonstrated at a global level that community radios are very efficient to reach the remote areas of Nepal, raise awareness, provide information and mobilize rural communities, promote democratic culture, protect human rights, enhance participatory development, contribute to peace-building and promote equitable society and contribute to the overall transformation process of the nation As a result, community radios of Nepal have gained social legitimacy and have become integral part of the communities they serve. The key to engaging the people in the transformation process is to increase their access to information, by means of which they can have better understanding of the different issues and concerns. This will also enable them to take active participation in public dialogues and debates. However, enhancing the knowledge and understanding of the people is not easy. Communication in many parts of the country is seriously underdeveloped, more than half the population is illiterate, and people live in scattered rural villages. In this context, it has been widely acknowledged that the best way of delivering information to people across Nepal and empowering them is through the nation’s dynamic community radio network. Due to this existing opportunity, the Association of Community Radio Broadcasters (ACORAB), an umbrella body of community radios in Nepal, is geared towards helping community radios become capable of carrying out these contextual responsibilities more strategically. As an umbrella organization, ACORAB is also better placed to undertake the responsibility of empowering the community radio stations. ACORAB had organised its Annual General Meeting on 22 and 23 November 2010 in Pokhara. Representatives, mostly decision makers, of 135 community radio stations from across the country participated at the meeting. ACORAB tapped the opportunity to sensitise the representatives on different contemporary issues, including on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) by organising panel discussion on 22 November 2010.

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Minister of Information and Communication Shankar Pokhrel launching the book "DRR

Guideline for Community Radio Stations of Nepal"

Objective The main objective of the programme was to sensitise and upgrade knowledge of community radio stations on issues related to DRR so that the stations would raise the issue more effectively in their respective radio stations.

Overview of the Programme The AGM was held when the community radio sector in Nepal is spearheading a campaign for enhancing their role for social transformation. The Annual General Meeting of ACORAB is one of the major platform for the community radios of Nepal to sensitise on the DRR issue and, at the same time to define how can ACORAB and the community radio increase social impact of the radio, build a stronger community radio movement and develop clear strategies and action plans for positively influencing on the issue. Community radio stations have long been raising issues related to the DRR and ACORAB has recently accomplished the first phase of project with DIPECHO partners to prepare and broadcast one episode of radio magazine and 32 news reports through community radio stations. ACORAB is very much encouraged to raise the issue and would like to institutionalise the issue at the radio stations. For the purpose, ACORAB believe on that if the decision makers of the stations

become more aware on the issue and its importance, they would play a catalytic role for addressing the issue more effectively. The schedule of first day of the AGM was as follow: Day 1: November 22, 2010 (Monday) 10:00 AM- 1:00 PM Inaugural Session Chief Guest: Minister of Information and Communication Keynote speakers: Jeevan Shahi (Leader, Nepali Congress) Pradip Gyawali (Leader, CPN UML)

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Anil Sah (Leader, Madhesi Jana-Adhikar Forum) Mahendra Guragain (Secretary, MOIC) Bishnuhari Dhakal (President, Broadcasting Association Nepal) Raghu Mainali (Vice President, AMARC Asia Pacific) Shiva Gaunle (President, SAFMA) Laxman Upreti (President, NEFEJ) Lars Christensen (Coordinator, DanidaHUGOU) Upendra Rijal (Chairperson, Equal Access) Representatives of Federation of Nepalese Journalist and Press Union of Kaski 1:00 PM- 2:00 PM Lunch 2:00 PM - 6:00 PM Panel Discussion on ʺDisaster Risk Reduction and Community Radio in Nepalʺ Facilitator: Subas Khatiwada (Treasurer, ACORAB) Pannelists:

i) Dr Min Bahadur Poudel (President, Disaster Preparedness Network) ii) Mr Laxman Upreti (President, Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists- NEFEJ) iii) Dr Surya Dhakal (Nepal Red Cross, Kaski Chapter)

The first day of AGM began with the inaugural session in which Honourable Minister of Information and Communication Shanker Pokhrel was the Chief Guest. Among others, he launched the ʺDRR Guideline for Community Radio Stationsʺ. As per the project agreement with the DIPECHO partners, ACORAB had planned to carry out formative research to identify DRR issues so that ACORAB would effectively raise DRR issues in its radio programme. Later on ACORAB decided to prepare the guideline for all community radio stations so that the guideline guide the radio stations to prepare radio programme on the DRR issue. The second session began after the lunch. The main topic of the panel session was ʺDisaster Risk Reduction and Community Radioʺ. The session was facilitated by Treasurer of ACORAB Mr Subas Khatiwada and he allocated 20 minutesʹ time for three pannelists. Beginning the Pannel Session began by Dr Surya Dhakal made a presentation on status of disaster risk in Nepal. He presented statistics of nature of disaster and its impact IN Nepal since 1971. Showing community level initiatives inm different districts for disaster risk reduction, he stressed on that ʺDRR is Saving lives and protecting rightsʺ.

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Followed by the presentation of Dr Poudel, Dr Min Bahadur Poudel made a presentation on DRR, risk reduction and preparedness. At the end of the panel session, Mr Laxman Upreti explained about DRR in Nepal by showing video documentary. Followed by the panel session, the floor was opened for discussion. During the open discussion, some suggestions and queries were presented by the participants. The major questions raised by the participants are as follows: • How media can contribute in DRR? • How we can raise resources so that we can

contribute in DRR? Where we can get enough information about DRR?

• What can we can minimize the risk of Disaster? Similarly, the participants comments about DPNet and other disasters risk reduction initiatives were as follows: DPNet is formed, but does not exist in the grass roots level. Can community radios and DPNet work together. Similarly, Red Cross also can increase its collaboration with Community Radios. Most of the Nepalese people are depend on agriculture, but because of the uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, we might face extreme consequences in the future resulting in low productivity and hunger. Therefore, we may also note that this end-result also might be a disaster, where none of the agencies are seemed concerned with. Representative from from Solu FM shared an experience about after disaster information. There was a fire in a village burning 21 houses, where radio broadcasted and informed community, police army etc., who could gather early and could save around 90 houses from burning. Solu FM also collected donations and helped the victim after the disaster. This kind of initiatives can be replicated for greater impact. The summary of the response made by the resource persons on participantsʹ queries and comments is as follows:

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Media can play a vital role for a Disaster Risk Reduction. Community Radios might have limited resources, but there are also many things which could be done with very limited resources. For example, Community Radios can inform people about what they can do in the event of flood, landslide etc. As they have access to the grass roots level, CRs have a ability of contributing a lot. CRs need to design programme in such way that more and more people could benefit from it. There are very limited trainings in the disaster area but we have plenty of research activities. Research activities have been carried out by Home ministry, UNDP, ActionAid, DPNet and so son. However, we don’t have enough dissemination and distribution mechanism. We even have the topographic map of Nepal outlining the areas suitable for residence, bridges, roads etc., but the people donʹt have access to it. We need to get it and inform people. For example, if we can inform people about the Red Book of the government, then the people will know who is halting the development and demand. We can also find resources in local level. Disaster issues are very vital since they are associated with our lives. Nepal is a disaster prone country, where even two kings have died from earthquake (in twelfth and thirteenth centuries). Disaster does not discriminate on the basis of position and power. Community Radio can hold a panel discussion about DRR at local level. We have been able to identify problems but might not have enough will power and resources. Community radios can find out available articles and information and read it out. For example, community Radio can inform how to be safe in earthquakes, specifications about how we can build earthquake safe houses and how to minimize damage in case of earthquakes. Small pieces of information like this can be very useful for the community. There is plenty of resource in the DRR area, which might not have been utilized properly. Community radios can advocate for the proper utilization of the resources.

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News tends to highlight the event and loses of disaster, but we also have to go in more in detail about the preparedness and management. Community radios, if can help in transparency by bringing out the facts, we could save more resources and utilize. There is a mandatory provision that each VDC should allocate minimum of 10% if its fund in humanitarian sector, which is not implemented properly because of low peopleʹs awareness, where community radios can play an in important role. Most of the disasters are manmade. For example, we use bull dozen since we want the road finished early. We do not have skilled human resources who could convince people involved in this area. Some agencies think that if you use radio, you have to pay, but community radio also can help the community without receiving money. Agencies like Red Cross should think about that. Community radio personnel invited the experts to their community to provide information to the community through the community radios. Natural events are natural but disasters are mostly man made. For example, we cannot stop earthquakes but can minimize the damage. Human activities are most responsible for changing the natural changes to disaster. NGO have a very important role. Communities trust NGOs than the government. Since, most of the community radios are operated by NGOs, it will strengthen the role community radios are willing to play in the disaster reduction area. DPNet is a network of around eighty member organization including Police, Army, UNDP, Action Aid etc., but we have very small budget and resources. Therefore, we are not able to reach the grassroots. Some organizations have started local organizations in affiliation to DPNet. DP Net have not been able to do more, and intends to focus in coordination otherʹs efforts rather than acting itself. DPNet provides information resources and Training, which could help the community radios. DPNet will be happy to provide trainings to reporters and information resources to the community radios so they can inform their listeners. We can also try to find other place for resources together. After the conclusion of the AGM on second day, i.e. 23 November, ACORAB made a 9 point Pokhara Declaration. One of the points of the Declaration has expressed commitment to work on DRR issue by the radio stations.

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Outcome

The workshop had following outcomes: i) Sensitisation to community radio representatives on DRR issue ii) Clarity on the strategies for the radio station to work on the issue iii) Expression of commitment of the radio stations on Pokhara Declaration to work on

the DRR issues

Conclusion ACORAB appreciates the initiative of DIPECHO partners to raise the DRR issue through the community radio stations. Community radios have certain characteristics that make them advantageous for disaster communication: they provide easy access to large publics (especially rural population), information provided by community radios can be crucial in motivating and enabling them to prepare for the disaster, to act reasonable during the disaster and to recover after the disaster, and some of them constitute a robust communication system which remains working even in cases of a partial breakdown of the infrastructure. All in all, the community radios have a social responsibility to play its pro-active role at different phases of disaster, from preparedness through response, from prevention, mitigation and readiness, through relief, recovery and rehabilitation. For the purpose, the community radios need to feel their responsibility and accordingly act at their capacity towards disaster management. Since ACORAB is an umbrella organization of all community radios of Nepal and socially responsible organization, it has taken a lead facilitative role to own the issue by the member radio stations. The recently held panel discussion has further helped to sensitise on the issue and make the radio stations commit to effectively raise the issue. ACORAB expects such mutual collaboration with the DIPECHO partners will lead to work more effectively for a common cause in future.

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ANNEX 1: Pokhara Declaration of ACORAB

POKHARA DECLARATION ADOPTED AT

7TH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF ASSOCIATION OF COMMUNITY RADIO BROADCASTERS 22 – 23 NOVEMBER 2010

POKHARA, NEPAL

We, the representatives of the community radios of Nepal present at the 7th Annual General Meeting of Association of Community Radio Broadcasters Nepal (ACORAB), the umbrella organization of 169 community radios of Nepal support the right to information of the people and pass the following declarations:

1. We, all community radios of Nepal commit to implement the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Policies for community radios of Nepal, being developed by ACORAB in collaboration with the community radio stations.

2. Demand to end existing political deadlock on formation of government and stalemate of constitution making process;

3. Express increased solidarity for persecuted community radio broadcasters and deepening the social impact of community radio;

4. Call for the government of Nepal to endorse the Community Radio Broadcasting Act;

5. Demand for adequate measures for the Safety and security of media persons;

6. Demand for unbiased and regulated distribution of radio frequencies;

7. Commit to establish a community radio development fund;

8. Demand for discounts for the radio stations in terms of electricity and customs duties; and

9. Demand Government advertisements, such as public announcements, to be made available to the radio on a regular basis.

23 November 2010

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ANNEX II: Presentation of Surya Dhakal

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ANNEX III: Presentation of Dr Meen Chettri

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ANNEX IV: Radio Programme Production Guideline to Community Radio for Disaster Risk Management 1. Background

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management is the great challenge to econimically poor nation like Nepal. The case is further aggravated dut to the lack of knowledge and information mostly at high risk community from disaster like pro-poor community, ethnic and marginalized community, women, child, adult and differently-abled people. The earthquake, water-induced disaster and impact of climate change are the prime factors to hamper the life and livelihood in Nepal.

Having the fragile geology and complex topography, the Hindu-Kush Himalaya Region is highly prone to the disaster events and it is further hightened by the poverty and lack of eduction. In this regard it is the urgent need to increase the awareness to strengthen capacity of the community to cope such challenges. To increase the understanding level of community; make them the responsible to tackle such challenges are the key efforts. It is the great responsibility of the media personnel to disseminate the information and knowledge on DRR/DM as being the forth body of the nation. The media persons, who are responsible with the reader, listener and audience, should move in a pro-active way to make alert and sagacious to that community who are at high risk with contributing for SAFER NEPAL.

It is not sure that the media personnel who provide the full effort to sensitize the public, are the expert even having the various subject knowledge. The discussion and advocacy on DRR/DM has been starting since only last few years. During this time due to the polical transition period, media has given very less priority to such humanitarian sensitive issues. However, there are lots of opportunities for the media personnel to know about DRR/DM, even the political liquidity of the nation compelling it to narrow the sector. By curbing such situation, it is further expected that with providing the fact and true information, media can play the vital role to make the community more safer.

2. Objective of guidelines

The main objective is to provide the guideline while producing and broadcasting the programm related to DRR/DM to increase the coping capacity of community by

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awareness through Community Radio Stations. The specific objectives of the guidelines are as follow;

• To air or broadcast the programme to the stakeholders by identifying the local and national issues of disaster

• To disseminate the fundamental knowledge and information to safeguard the right of disaster affected commuities

• To contibute mass awareness and advocacy for DRR/DM making effective programme production, distribution, and its broadcasting

3. Guideline methods

As per the urgent need to identify the different components and mechnism to mainstream the disaster issues into media, mostly for community F.M. Radio Stations, this guideline is preparing on the basi of followinng methods;

1. Study, review and analysis of published and broadcasted reports and other related materiasl

2. Discussion and interaction with the representative from concerned stakeholders and organisations.

3. Meeting, dissucion and interaction with disaster affected community.

4. Information collection and development of the questionnaire.

5. Information collection on subject matter and mechnism through the questionnaire.

6. Preparation of guidelines by analysing the information and suggestion 4. Status of disaster and its risk in Nepal

It is clear by considering the ʹBig Bangʹ theory, the disaster has occured since the origin of the Earth. We know nature is dynamic which is changing in its own slow pace but nowadays anthropogenic factors has been causing the occurrance of disaster event in a very erratic way. Through the statistic of disaste events and its loss over human and property for many past years, Nepal is at high risk.

Nepal is highly effected by frequent occuring of disasters like flood, landslide, high rainfall, fire, epidemic, hurricane, drought, thunderstorm and lightening every year. Furthermore, it has been clear from history that Earthquake that take place after long interval of time would be highly dangerous. Nepal is in 11th position at high risk of earthquake and 30th position at high risk of water-induced disasters (UN/BCPR 2004). In addition, it has stated that 97% of Nepali are being affected by disaster in any form.

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The following statistic, since 1971 to 2006 reveals the risk and damage occured by disaster: (Table 1.) Table 1: Disaste events and its impact during 1971-2006

S.N Event Death Injured Affected

people House

loss House danage

loss of land (ha)

Cattle loss

1. Drought 1 1512 329,3322. Earthquake 873 6842 4539 33710 63 22573. Epidemic 15529 37773 323,896 1 784. Wildfire 1081 735 218,128 62634 2762 352 113,9225. Flood 2884 349 3315,781 70115 1041 196,955 311176. Landslide 3899 1188 480,069 16799 1209 21797 9046Source: Nepal Disaster Report, 2009, MoHA/GoN, DPNet-Nepal, UNDP and Oxfam GB Nepal

Within the narrow range of average 90km, Nepal has extended from 60m amsl of Kechanaka, Jhapa to 8848m amsl, Mt. Everest, with high risk of disaster due to the variable climatic and edaphic factors with fragile geology being highly prone to flood, landslide, snow avalanches and GLOF. Due to illiteracy and unable to adopt the measures of Risk reduction, hygiene and safe drinking water, Nepal is suffering from frequently occuring disasters like epidemics, fire, hurricane and other where it is very tough to note yearly destruction of property and lives in Nepal. Table 1 shows the facts that flowing of more than 6,000 rivers and rivulets originated from Himalayan of North to Chure range of South are extremely risky and destructive. Based on the geographical sturctural, description of disasters and destruction by them are very pitiful (Table 2).

Table 2: Disaster events and its impact on the basis of geographical area

Types of Disaster

Geographical Area

Cause Highly impact

Less

impact

Earthquake

Mountain

Terai

Techtonic movement

Flood, Inundance

Terai

Mountain

High rainfall and dam made by India on boarder

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Landslide

Mountain

Weak, instable and steep terrain, soil erosion, deforestation etc.

Wildfire

Terai

Mountain

Lack of knowledge on proper use of fire, Dense settlement, Unmetaled house

Epidemic

Terai,

Mountain –

Lack of hygiene and safe drinking water, malnutritution lack of access to heath service

GLOF Mountain,

hill

Terai

Climate Change: According to ICIMOD and UNEP, among 3,115 galcial lakes, 22 are at risk of outburst.

Source: Ram Chandra Neupane, Disaster Management Training Report, Lutheran World Federation, Nepalgunj, banke 2066

Nepal has not only been suffering from frequently occuring disasters like flood, landslide, epidemic, hurricane, fire, cold wave but also from the earthquake and GLOF that occur in certain interval of time.

5. Cause of Disasters

There are mainly two causes for occurance of disaster:

5.1 Natural cause: Disasters occur due to internal process of earth, for example: Rainfall, flood, landslide, earthquake, volcano, tsunami etc.

5.2 Anthropogenic cause: Disasters occur due to human activities are called

Man-induced disaster. For example: Environment pollution, malnutrition, Vehicle accidents, industrial and chemical accidents etc.

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6. Types of Disasters: 6.1 Slow motion disasters like Desertification and drought 6.2 Fast motion disaster (occur in short period or immediately)

• Geographical Disaster: Earthquake, Volcano • Water-induced Disaster: Flood, Landslide,inundance, snow avalanche,

hailstorm, GLOF • Air-induced Disaster: Hurricane, Cold wave, thunderstorm and

Lightening, Tsunami • Man-induced Disaster: Social war, conflict, quarrel • Fire-induced Disaster: Forest fire, fire on industry, home, vehicle etc • Food-induced Disaster: Famine, Malnutrition, Epidemic • Technology-induced Disaster: Chemical, Industrial and Vehicle accident • Biological Disaster: Attack of wildlife, Epidemic, Attack of pest • Disaster-induced Disaster: Fire, Epidemic, Flood due to the blockade of

river

7. Impact of Disaster: 7.1 Human destruction: Death, Injured, lost 7.1 Economic Destruction:

• Personal Property: Food, Clothes, Jeweleries, Improtant papers • Physical infrastructure: House, Shed, Electricity, Drinking water • Land: crop Field, Fish pond • Crop: Cash crop, food, garden, • Livestocks: Cow, Buffalo, Goat, Hen, pork • Public Property: School, Library, Road, Bridge, drinking water

system, electricity • Long term impact • Mental effect • Economic impact: Individual and social, Livelihood • National impact • Internation impact • Effect on human resource

8. Disaster Risk Management

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Human-induced disasters can be controlled in high extent but natural cause of disasters cannot be controlled. However, research and experiment have proved that destruction of property occured as a result of disasters can be reduced.We are facing the disaster event in daily life directly or indirectly. As establishig the tradition of washing hand before meal and after toilet regularly, it is necessary to establish safe habit to increase the coping capacity against disaster. There are several cause for the occurance of diasater and it is necessary to have micro level study for the cause and impact of disaster. Disaster management is defined as the entire activities done to reduce the disaster in three stages i.e pre disaster, during disaster and post disaster 9. Disaster Management Cycle

There are three stages of disaster management. Pre-disaste, during disaster and post disaster. Following cycle clearly shows the Disaster management cycle.

There is only response after incidence of disaster that means there is no due consideration of such disaster cycle for disaster management and most of the activities are targeting for during and post disaster events neglecting the pre-disaster event which is foremost important. Thus the entire activities done to reduce the disaster considering these disaster cycle is called disaster management cycle.

10. Terms to consider while preparing the programme

10.1 Timeline of Disaster It is necessary to know the disaster with noting its occurance time (timeline) and area for the media personnel while producing material related to disaster risk management which are listed below; Event/Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Flood landslide Epidemic Windstorm Wildfire Earthquake Hailstorm GLOF Cold wave

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10.2 Pre-disaster (Preparedness, Early Warning System) • Identification of disaster:Identification and mapping of hazard • Contingency(Emergency) plan • Policies, Act, Rule and Program • Human resource mobilization, training, workshop, seminar etc • Resource management • Framework for resettlement and rehabilitation • Framework for re-construction • Outline of re-buildment program • Measures for the reduction of disaster (Structural, Non-structural, food security) • Disaster Preparedness plan • Emmergency fund, first Aid box and Go bag • Coordination with every aspects of disaster management • Identification of Stakeholders and work division • Practice of disaster resistance technology on development work • Considering Disaster Imapct Anasysis while development

10.3 During disaster

• Patience, control and use of safety measures • Go for rescue and releif you are safe • Wait and follow the govermen’s guidelines • During emergency, move to a safe area with GO Bag • Rescue and relief management

10.4 Post Disaster (Releif and rescue, re-settlement, re-construction)

• Regularity on releif management activities • Disaster Impact Assesement • Re-construction and maintenance of affected structures • Re-settlement and resettlement • Assessment of current disaster management plan • Minimal use of important services

11. Main approach of subject matter or issues

Media personnel have to prepare the following materials due considering the different stages of disaster management

S.N. Subject Issuess Area 1

Information

Preparedness

• Flood • Landslide • Epidemic • Wildfire

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• Windstorm • Earthquake • Drought/Food

insecurity/Malnutrition

• GLOF • Snow Avalanche

2

Approach/Knowledge

Disaster management

Disaster and its origin

Vulnerable

Risk and its nature

Disaster and its condition as a

result of hazard Search and Rescue

Information collection and

condition amalysis during emergency

Releif management

Re-settlement

Re-construction

Reduction

Disaster Impact Assessment while development

Community based Disaster

Management Committee

Minimal criteria for

humanitarian support

Sphere Project Right of Disaster affected

community

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Socio-cultural structure

Economic and technical capacity 3

Interaction Local, national and international norms and values, Safeguard of human rights during disasters

4 policy advocacy

National strategy of disaster risk management Disaster management act, policy and law Activities and implementation

Disaster management and risk reduction plan on national plan Responsibility of working group on response, releif and rescue Compensation and its criteria Duty and right of effected or victim peoples Participation of affected community in programe and access on decision making

5 Social desire/event description

Field Study

Effectiveness of disaster management and risk reduction programme Success and failure of program Community acceptance • Replicable and scalable best practice and success story Non-Replicable practice and failure

6 Inclussivenes

Community participation

Gender approach, issues

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s Participation and issues of poor, marginalized community Community who are compelled to stay at vulnerable place Issues of differently-abled (Disabled) persons Issues of adult, Children and Women Approach of ʹwhose issues; their leadingʹ

Reference materials for study It is necessary to read and listen following materials by media personnel to learn issues and boost up knowledge.

• National Strategy of Disaster Risk Managemnet 2066, Government of Nepal • Preparedness in practice 2007, Dpnet-Nepal • Disaster Knowledge Series (Series 1-15), Ram Chandra Neupane • Paryawaran Monthly, ECO-Nepal • Chetana Radio and Television program, ECO-Nepal • Tragedy of Disaster, Documentry, Oxfam GB-Nepal • Disaster risk reduction tool kit for CA members, 2066, Action-Aid nepal, Oxfam

GB-Nepal and other stakeholders Programme outline (for 30 min) Time -

minute Announcement 2 Report 5 Song 5 Drama 7 Information 2 Interaction 5 Other 3

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Annex-1: Disaster Terminology

(Hazard): Incidents that can cause disasters like flood, landslide, hurricane, lightening are hazard.

(Disaster) : Condition of human and property loss due to the incident of hazard. Situation in

which it needs otherʹs support while peopleʹs replacement due to the incidents like death, injury, vanish and death of domestic animals and destruction of crop field and other property is called disaster.

Risk: Condition or Potentiality of destruction as a result of hazard. Community near the bank of

river is in the risk of flood. Houses or community on deep steep and ………….are in high risk of landslide.

Vulnerable: The condition which is prone to disaster, emergency situation and high risk. For eg,

the settlement in landslide prone area or house in river basin while flooding season

Reduction: Preparation done to decrease the destruction caused by disasters or preparedness

done before the occurance of disaster to cope disaster. Preparedness, early warning system etc. are the activities done for disaster risk reduction.

Mitigation: Activities done to reduce the loss caused by Disaster. Activities like making

embankment near river side, build walls around the place that has possibility of flood. Adopting procedures which can reduce the possibility of destruction while development work.

Capacity: Conditions having the resources, skill, knowledge, and technology that help to cope

disaster. Preparedness done before the occurance of disaster if it is prone to disaster. Condition when emergency materials are reserved for emergency period. Coping capacity can be increased by preparedness.

Retrofitting: Activities making stronger. Reconstruction and maintenance of old houses, sheds,

road, bridge, school using specific technology that can prevent the possibility of risk.

Building code: The criteria and guideline made by government of Nepal, 2060 to construct the

building. This is normally the safety measures for general earthquake

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Emergency: The condition of destruction of human and physical property as a result of disaster. In such situation, it is hard to balance the situation by family and neighbourhood and it needs support of government and Non-government organization.

Forecast: Prediction done on the specific subject and issues. Flood can be predicted during high

rain fall. Daily weather condition broadcasted by Radio is forecast. Early Warnings: Pre information provided to the communities where there is possibilities of

disasters. Development and practice of Early Warnings systems help cope such disasters.

Preparedness: Preparedness is the activity that is done before the occurance of any disaster to

reduce the destruction caused by it. Use of Siren to make alert the vulnerable community during chance of flood is a preparedness activity.

Response: Activities like, rescue, relief and humanitarian support done during the period of

disaster. Take away the people and neighbours from disaster area, take homeless people to safe shelter and support for livelihood.

Cope : Capacity to response and solve the problem occurred by disaster. Swiming is the coping

capacity to be safe from flooding area. Duck, Cover and Hold: The way of sitting mostly during the earthquake and can also be

applied during landslide to safe the sensible body organs. Go Bag: Bag that can be put in convenient place and can be carried during the period of

disaster which contain first aid materials, light food, useful instruments to save family and neighbours.

After shocks: Minor shocks that is felt after the occurance of huge earthquake.

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Annex 2: Minimal criteria for humanitarian support Emergency plan is used during the disaster to reduce the destruction from it. During this period, social, economic and cultural conditions are not in balance. These criteria are developed due considering fundamental umanitarian norms and value to protect the right of disaster affected communities. Government of Nepal has already endorsed the criteria determined bu the Sphere Project. It is essencial to apply the basic criteria determined for humanitarian support during disaster. Summary (brief) of this criteria are as given below;

1. Sector of Coordination, information and early-warning system • Coordination meeting once in two days in first week and once in second week.

• Information about coordination meeting and report.

• Support and distribute the releif materials to people or group that are at risk.

• Based on the condition and necessity conduct MIRA (Multi-sectoral Rapid

Assessment) team

• Prepare report everyday of the first week. Prepare report once in a week or once in two days as per need.

• Send news to communication media on everyday of first week wihin 24 hours • Attempt to activate the regional disaster releif committee. • Follow coordination and camp management, Prepare report and inform everyone

about it.

2. Food sectors Following things will be on access of effected people: (1) Management of foodstuffs of 2,100 calories for each person per day. (2) There should be complementary of one or two differennt foodstuff along with the

accessible and currently provided foodstuff (3) Management of complementary food along with basic food for specific group of

people (small children, HIV effected, malnutritional etc.)

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Food list as per the criteria In a coordination with DPNet-Nepal, MoHA/GoN has recommended the folloing food list on the basis of Hyogo Framework for Action;

• Rice - per day per person 420 gram • Dal - per day per person 60 gram • Vegetable oil - per day per person 30 m.l. • Salt - per day per person 5 gram As per local situation, foodstuff distribution method should be decided. Distribution should be done on the basis of first domestic level and data obtained by latest account.

3. Shelter and non-foodstuff and Camp management

1. In average, 3.5-4.5m2 area is available for single person, for the family of 5 membersʹ 4 x 5 m plastic seat along with rope and other urgent need materials are available, 2. Sufficient access of people from club

3. One full set of cloth to the children below 2 years.

4. One full set of cloth is there for women, girls, men and boys. In addition, regular sanitary and hygienic materials for girls and women are available.

5. People have enough domestic materials (one set of pot). 6. Strategy for close and abandoning the camp. 7. Before the establishment of camp, land should be identified. It should be safe

and according to Sphere project. 8. Signature on MoU with school and public areas should be performed. 9. There should be the kind attention on cultural value and norms during the time

of camp planning.

10. Keep the record and practice of past established camp place.

11. Establish the camp in taking proper counseling from governmental agencies, societal organization, local agency and stakeholders.

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4.. Drinking water and cleanliness: 1. In hilly region, water is provided for 1 week through pipe or tank by

establishing relation with district headquater drinking water plan. In terai region, minimum 5 liter water per day per person and within first 4 weeks the quantity of provided water should be made 15 liters.

2 Provide enough tablets or water guard for 30 days to purify water and provide

buckets to store water to the people who reside in camp or those whose properties and home are destroyed during disaster.

3. Construct temporary toilets for proper cleanliness of the people who live in camp

and proper bathing facility for ladies. (One toilet for each 20 people and within first week, constructs more toilet as per one toilet for every 10 people).

4. Distribute the kits of first aid or other health related materials to affected people

who reside in camp through the joint effor of staffs of district health and drinking water office, stakeholder organizations, volunteers of women health and Red Cross and organize activities that focus on habits like washing hand and methods of purifying water for drinking.

5. Prepare and improve district contingency plan in line with national contingency

plan for uniformity. 5. Health and nutrition

• Health surveillance is started at the same time when preliminary account is conducted.

• Implementation of emergency health service programme can be performed by primary health post in local level for general patient and for serious case it can be reffered to central level health centre.

• Transport facility can be provided for patients who are sent by

recommendation to reach upto other referral centres.

6. Education: • Organize Rapid Assessment on the fundamentals of eduction and status

of people involved in education within first week of the occurance of the disaster

• Identify the temporary place to provide regular eduction to displaced children from disaster in coordiation of District education office, disaster affected community and local cluster members

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• Establish temporary learning center or safe place for school children as soon as possible or within first two weeks or within 6 to 8 week as per minimum criteria.

• Re-unite teachers and students and manage recreational materials along

with providing educational materials and re-opening the schools, • Make sure that the school children are admitted or alternative

management has been estblished or not. • Involve and manage the affected children for regular educational system

7. Protection

• Establish committee to report the voilance, misbehave and any harm to protect the right of the victim or bring the existing committee into practice.

• Investigate whether pro-poor people or marginlized community are getting proper facility and treated properly or not in case of humanitarian support

• Keep recod of stakeholders and make sure for the registration process.

• Create safe environment for ladies and children. • Make integrate the support of social support for the programme related to

education and protection • Help to prevent the act of neglecting the children from their care taker.

• Support on identification, registration and health examination of teenager

girls, children under 5 years and children without family and support stakeholders who are involved in finding lost people and their re-unity.

• Care and protect children who are not with their family or group of people

who are in other risk like: lost family, old, disable and patient of long term diseases. (management of residence and other service)

• Make sure that information is internally transferring to displaced people

about humanitarian support and temporary solution.

• Make effort to involve displaced people internally in the activities done for temporary solution and bring them back to their home.

• Advocacy for adequent security on camp and resettlement regions.