Fill in the Blank
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Fill in the Blank
1. Is this a mixture or pure substance?______________________Mixture
ClNaCl
Na
ClNa
OH
H
OHH
O O
OOO O
OH H
True or False
2. This mixture contains three compounds.________________________________False, there are only two (water & salt)
Water SaltO
H H
ClNaCl
Na
ClNa
OH
H
OHH
O O
OOO O
True or False
3. There are ten molecules in this mixture._____________
OH H
ClCl
OHH
OHH
OO
OO
O O
True
Cl
ClClCl
NH
H
H
Fill in the Blank
4. Below is a mixture of compounds and elements. What is the element?
___________________Oxygen
Oxygen
ClNa
Cl
Na
ClNaO
HH
OO
O
HH
N
HH
H
H Cl OH
HOOOOxygen
Drawing
5. How many bonds can carbon form?
Four bonds
H
H
C
H
H
5b. Draw a model of CH4.
Multiple choice
6. Which is the correct configuration for the compound C2H3OH?
CH
H OC
H
H
CH
H OC
H
H
CH
H OC
H
H
CH
H OC
H H
A B
C D
Drawing
7. Draw the structure for CH3OH?
H
H
OC
H
H
Element or Compound?
8. Indicate whether each the following substances is an element or compound.
CarbonOxygenCarbon dioxideHydrogenWater
C ElementO Element CO2 CompoundH ElementH2O Compound
Element or Compound?
9. Indicate whether each the following substances is a mixture or pure substance.
Salt Water (distilled)SeawaterSugarSalad dressing
Pure substancePure substanceMixturePure substanceMixture
Short Answer
10. Name the three particles that make up atoms and indicate their charge.
+Proton (positive)
Neutron (neutral)Electron (negative)
Multiple Choice
11. Where are electrons found in an atom?
+
A. Outside the nucleusB. Inside a protonC. Within the nucleusD. Inside a neutron
+
Multiple Choice
12. What is the mass number of the atom shown below?
+
A. 2B. 3C. 5D. 7
+
Multiple Choice
13. Which nuclei is not an isotope of the other two?
A. B. C.
++
++ +
++
Short Answer
14. What is the atomic number of the atom shown below?
+ 3
Multiple Choice
15. Which of the following is a substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements
in definite amounts, like H2O
A. IsotopeB. CompoundC. NucleusD. Enzyme
Multiple Choice
16. Which of the following represents the best model of a water molecule?
A. B. C. D. H HO O H O H
OHO H O
Yes or No
17. When the elements sulfur and iron are mixed and heated in a test tube, they react to form iron pyrite
(fool’s gold). Would you expect iron pyrite to retain the magnetic properties of iron or the smell of sulfur?
+
Sulfur Iron Fool’s gold
Δ
No Chemical reactions rearrange atoms into new substances with different properties.
Short Answer
18. What kind of chemical bond is shown below and how do you know?
A covalent bond.
Because the atoms are sharing the
electrons.
Short Answer
19. What type of ion is formed when an atom loses an electron?
A positive ion.+
++
+
Short Answer
20. What property of water enables water to cling to the surface of a glass or to a toothpick?
Adhesion, which means molecules of different substances are attracted to each other.
Multiple Choice
21. Which shows the correct polarity of a water molecule?
A. B. C. D.
HO
HHO
HHO
HHO
H( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Short Answer
22. What kind of mixture is paint or blood?
They are suspensions, which means they contain particles that will
eventually settle out.
Short Answer
23. In our blood, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase carries out the following reactions in order to prevent sharp, sudden changes in blood pH.
23b. What kind of system is this?
A buffer system
Carbonic anhydrase
Short Answer
24. What property of water enables insects and paper clips to float on its surface?
Cohesion, which means molecules of the same substance are attracted to each other.
Short Answer
25. What kind of chemical bond is shown below and how do you know?
An ionic bond. Because the electron was completely transferred from one atom to another rather than being shared.
This causes each atom to develop a charge (become an ion).
Short Answer
26. What kind of mixture is air or salt water?
They are solutions, because all the components are evenly distributed.
Short Answer
27. Which has the higher heat capacity—water, metal, or air?
Water does. It can absorb a lot of heat without its temperature rising too much.
Matching
28. Which pH values would you assign to the following chemicals:
• Pure water• Stomach juice• Oven cleaner • Lemon juice• Soap
71 to 213 to 142 to 39 to 10
Short Answer
29. Is this liquid acidic, basic, or neutral?How do you know?
Neutral Because there is an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions.
Drawing
How many double bonds does carbon dioxide have?
Two double-bonds
CO O
30. Draw a model of carbon dioxide.
Drawing
31. Draw a model of acetylene (C2H2).
31b. What kind of bond is this?
A triple bond
C CH H
Short Answer32. A 3-month old sits strapped in a car seat on a
hot July day because her dad forgot she was in the car. Her body temperature climbs to 105 °F
(41 °C). What may happen to the enzymes in her body if her temperature continues to climb?
Her enzymes will unravel (denature) and she will die.
Drawing
33. Draw an amino acid.
C
HHC
H H
O
R
N Carboxyl group
Amino group
33b. Label the functional groups.
Variable group
Short Answer
34. Is this liquid acidic, basic, or neutral?34b. How do you know?
Basic Because there are more OH- ions than H+ ions in solution.
Short Answer
35. Complete the following table
Polymer MonomerProtein
Monosaccharide
NucleotidePolysaccharide
Nucleic acid
Amino acid
Short Answer
36. What reagent is used to test for proteins?
Biuret's solution
36b. What color does Biuret’s turn if proteins are present?
Lavender to purple
Short Answer
37. What is another name for monosaccharides?
Simple sugars
Short Answer
38. What reagent is used to test for simple sugars?
Benedict’s solution
38b. What color does benedict’s turn if simple sugars are present?
Yellow to orange
Polysaccharides
Starch
Disaccharides
Lactose
Short Answer
39. Give two other saccharide examples for each category
MonosaccharidesGalactose
FructoseGlucose
Sucrose
Maltose
GlycogenCellulose
Short Answer
40. In what polysaccharide do animals store their excess sugars?
Glycogen
Short Answer
Starches
41. In what polysaccharide do plants store their excess sugars?
Short Answer
42. What reagent is used to test for starches?
Lugol’s (iodine) solution
42b. What color does Lugol’s turn if starches are present?
Purple to Black
Short Answer
43. What polysaccharide gives plants their rigidity and support?
Cellulose
Short Answer
44. Complete the following table
Nucleic acid Shape FunctionSingle nucleotide Energy storage / release
Protein synthesis templateSingle-stranded helix
ATP
Storing hereditary Info
RNA
DNA Double-helix
Short Answer
45. What does the abbreviation DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Short Answer
46. What does the abbreviation ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
Drawing
47. Draw and label a simple model of a triglyceride lipid.
Glycerol
3 Fatty-acid tails
Short Answer
48. Is this liquid acidic, basic, or neutral?48b. How do you know?
Acidic Because there are more H+ ions than OH- ions in solution.
Short Answer
49. What happens to the chemical bonds in a chemical reaction?
Some bonds are broken and new ones are formed.
Short Answer
50. What happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction?
Atoms are never destroyed but only rearranged into new combinations.
Short Answer
51. Identify the reactants and products in the following chemical equation:
CH4
methane
+ 2O2
oxygen
CO2
Carbon dioxide
+ 2H2Owater
Reactants Products
Drawing
52. Draw an energy releasing graph and label it using the following terms.
Products ReactantsActivation energyEn
ergy
Course of Reaction
Reactants
Products
Activation energy
Drawing
53. Show how the following reaction will change when a catalyst is added.
Activation energyReactants
Products
Ener
gy
Course of Reaction
Without catalyst
With catalyst
Short Answer
54. What is the optimum pH for each enzyme?
Enzy
me
Activ
ity
pH4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
7.0 11.0
X Y
Short Answer55. One of the enzymes below functions in
humans and the other is used in an industrial plant. Which one is the human enzyme?
55b. How do you know?En
zym
e Ac
tivity
pH4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
X Y
Most of the cells in the human body operate around pH 7. A pH of 11 is too extreme for the human body.
Enzyme X7.0 11.0
Short Answer56. According to the graph below, at what pH do enzymes X and Y have the same amount of
activity? How do you know?
9.0
Enzy
me
Activ
ity
pH4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
X Y
A pH of 9.
Both activity curves cross
at pH 9.
Short Answer57. Study the diagram below. What is the
dark area on the brown enzyme called?Active
siteEnzyme
Short Answer58. What is the circled substance called?
Activesite
Substrate
Enzyme
Substrate
Short Answer59. What is different about the
enzyme in the yellow circle?Active
site
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Enzyme
Substrate
Short Answer
60. What is the circled complex called?
Activesite
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Enzyme
Substrate
Enzyme-substrate complex
Short Answer
61. What is happening in the circled area?
Activesite
The substrate has bound to the
active siteThe substrate
is being converted
into products
Enzyme
Substrate
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate is being
converted into products
Short Answer
62. What is shown in the white oval?
Products that were released
Activesite
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Enzyme
Sucrose
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate is being
converted into products
Short Answer63. If the substrate is sucrose, then what is the brown enzyme called?
Activesite
The substrate has bound to the
active site
Products that were released
Sucrase
Enzyme
Enzyme-substrate complex
The substrate is being
converted into products
Short Answer64. If the substrate is sucrose, then
what are the products called?Active
site
The substrate has bound to the
active site
GlucoseFructose
Sucrase
Sucrose
Enzyme
Short Answer
65. What suffix do most enzymes end with
-ase
Sucrase: Breaks down table sugar (sucrose)Carbonic anhydrase: Buffers bloodCatalase: Breaks down hydrogen peroxideAmylase: Breaks down starchesLipase: Breaks down fats
Examples:
Short Answer
66. List two proteins in the human body and their function.
keratin: Structural (makes up hair and fingernails)Amylase: Enzyme (breaks down starches)Antibodies: Defense (fights disease)Hemoglobin: Transport (carries oxygen to cells)Insulin: Hormonal (removes glucose from blood)Myosin: Motion (contracts muscle fibers)Casein: Storage (stores amino acids)
Examples:
The End