Figure 7.9 Frequency-dependent selection

Figure 7.10 Two hereditary forms of an African cichlid fish

Figure 7.11 The results of frequency-dependent selection in Perissodus microlepis

Figure 7.1 Optimal foraging decisions by northwestern crows when feeding on whelks

Survival of the fattest?

Would you like that super-sized?

Would you like that super-sized?

Can I have the Happy Meal?

Do you want fries with that?

Werner and Hall 1974

http://evodevo.uoregon.edu/images/daphnia.gif

http://www.epa.gov/bioiweb1/html/photos_fish_freshwater_sunfishes.html

Can I have that to-go?

Fig. 10.10

Central-place foraging

Can I have that to-go?

Is that all you got?

Lima 1988

http://z.about.com/d/birding/1/7/m/6/2/juncosgrosbeak.jpg

But isn’t that place in a bad neighborhood?

Figure 7.6 Dugongs alter their foraging tactics when dangerous sharks are likely to be present

But isn’t that place in a bad neighborhood?

Figure 7.7 Even when predators do not directly kill their prey, they can force individuals to change behavior in ways that reduce reproductive output

Fig. 11.7

Lima et al. 1985

Lima et al. 1985

Lima and Valone 1986

Lima and Valone 1986

How does this affect diet?